update berkeleydb branch to blockchain branch

100 files changed, 9070 insertions, 2375 deletions

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 3b360d38a..92f8381cc 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -280,12 +280,18 @@ if (BOOST_IGNORE_SYSTEM_PATHS)
   set(Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS TRUE)
 endif()
 
+set(OLD_LIB_SUFFIXES ${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES})
 if(STATIC)
+  if(MINGW)
+    set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES .a)
+  endif()
+
   set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
   set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME ON)
 endif()
 find_package(Boost 1.53 QUIET REQUIRED COMPONENTS system filesystem thread date_time chrono regex serialization program_options)
 
+set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES ${OLD_LIB_SUFFIXES})
 if(NOT Boost_FOUND)
   die("Could not find Boost libraries, please make sure you have installed Boost or libboost-all-dev (1.53 or 1.55+) or the equivalent")
 endif()
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 295d05881..31af2de95 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
 
 ## Development Resources
 
-Web: [monero.cc](http://monero.cc)  
-Mail: [dev@monero.cc](mailto:dev@monero.cc)  
+Web: [getmonero.org](https://getmonero.org)  
+Forum: [forum.getmonero.org](https://forum.getmonero.org)  
+Mail: [dev@getmonero.org](mailto:dev@getmonero.org)  
 Github (staging): [https://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero](https://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero)  
 Github (development): [http://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero/tree/development](http://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero/tree/development)  
 IRC: [#monero-dev on Freenode](irc://chat.freenode.net/#monero-dev)
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ Anyone is able to contribute to Monero. If you have a fix or code change, feel f
 
 Monero development can be supported directly through donations.
 
-Both Monero and Bitcoin donations can be made to donate.monero.cc if using a client that supports the [OpenAlias](https://openalias.org) standard
+Both Monero and Bitcoin donations can be made to donate.getmonero.org if using a client that supports the [OpenAlias](https://openalias.org) standard
 
 The Monero donation address is: 46BeWrHpwXmHDpDEUmZBWZfoQpdc6HaERCNmx1pEYL2rAcuwufPN9rXHHtyUA4QVy66qeFQkn6sfK8aHYjA3jk3o1Bv16em (viewkey: e422831985c9205238ef84daf6805526c14d96fd7b059fe68c7ab98e495e5703)
 
diff --git a/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h b/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
index ab3cf67c6..147fd9ce0 100644
--- a/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
+++ b/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
 #include <atomic>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
+#include <iostream>
 
 namespace epee
 {
@@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ namespace epee
 
   private:
     async_stdin_reader m_stdin_reader;
-    bool m_running = true;
+    std::atomic<bool> m_running = {true};
   };
 
 
@@ -350,17 +352,11 @@ namespace epee
     return true;
   }*/
 
-  /************************************************************************/
-  /*                                                                      */
-  /************************************************************************/
-  class console_handlers_binder
-  {
-    typedef boost::function<bool (const std::vector<std::string> &)> console_command_handler;
-    typedef std::map<std::string, std::pair<console_command_handler, std::string> > command_handlers_map;
-    std::unique_ptr<boost::thread> m_console_thread;
-    command_handlers_map m_command_handlers;
-    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  class command_handler {
   public:
+    typedef boost::function<bool (const std::vector<std::string> &)> callback;
+    typedef std::map<std::string, std::pair<callback, std::string> > lookup;
+
     std::string get_usage()
     {
       std::stringstream ss;
@@ -376,12 +372,14 @@ namespace epee
       }
       return ss.str();
     }
-    void set_handler(const std::string& cmd, const console_command_handler& hndlr, const std::string& usage = "")
+
+    void set_handler(const std::string& cmd, const callback& hndlr, const std::string& usage = "")
     {
-      command_handlers_map::mapped_type & vt = m_command_handlers[cmd];
+      lookup::mapped_type & vt = m_command_handlers[cmd];
       vt.first = hndlr;
       vt.second = usage;
     }
+
     bool process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd)
     {
       if(!cmd.size())
@@ -399,14 +397,20 @@ namespace epee
       boost::split(cmd_v,cmd,boost::is_any_of(" "), boost::token_compress_on);
       return process_command_vec(cmd_v);
     }
+  private:
+    lookup m_command_handlers;
+  };
 
-    /*template<class t_srv>
-    bool start_handling(t_srv& srv, const std::string& usage_string = "")
-    {
-      start_default_console_handler_no_srv_param(&srv, boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1));
-      return true;
-    }*/
-
+  /************************************************************************/
+  /*                                                                      */
+  /************************************************************************/
+  class console_handlers_binder : public command_handler
+  {
+    typedef command_handler::callback console_command_handler;
+    typedef command_handler::lookup command_handlers_map;
+    std::unique_ptr<boost::thread> m_console_thread;
+    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  public:
     bool start_handling(const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
     {
       m_console_thread.reset(new boost::thread(boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::run_handling, this, prompt, usage_string)));
@@ -423,40 +427,33 @@ namespace epee
     {
       return m_console_handler.run(boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1), prompt, usage_string);
     }
-
-    /*template<class t_srv>
-    bool run_handling(t_srv& srv, const std::string& usage_string)
-    {
-      return run_default_console_handler_no_srv_param(&srv, boost::bind<bool>(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1), usage_string);
-    }*/
   };
 
-  /* work around because of broken boost bind */
-  template<class t_server>
-  class srv_console_handlers_binder: public console_handlers_binder
-  {
-    bool process_command_str(t_server* /*psrv*/, const std::string& cmd)
-    {
-      return console_handlers_binder::process_command_str(cmd);
-    }
-  public:
-    bool start_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
-    {
-      boost::thread(boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::run_handling, this, psrv, prompt, usage_string)).detach();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    bool run_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string)
-    {
-      return m_console_handler.run(psrv, boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::process_command_str, this, _1, _2), prompt, usage_string);
-    }
-
-    void stop_handling()
-    {
-      m_console_handler.stop();
-    }
-
-  private:
-    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
-  };
+  ///* work around because of broken boost bind */
+  //template<class t_server>
+  //class srv_console_handlers_binder: public command_handler
+  //{
+  //  async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  //public:
+  //  bool start_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
+  //  {
+  //    boost::thread(boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::run_handling, this, psrv, prompt, usage_string)).detach();
+  //    return true;
+  //  }
+
+  //  bool run_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string)
+  //  {
+  //    return m_console_handler.run(psrv, boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::process_command_str, this, _1, _2), prompt, usage_string);
+  //  }
+
+  //  void stop_handling()
+  //  {
+  //    m_console_handler.stop();
+  //  }
+  //private:
+  //  bool process_command_str(t_server* /*psrv*/, const std::string& cmd)
+  //  {
+  //    return console_handlers_binder::process_command_str(cmd);
+  //  }
+  //};
 }
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 5242d261e..88012ee13 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ add_subdirectory(wallet)
 add_subdirectory(connectivity_tool)
 add_subdirectory(miner)
 add_subdirectory(simplewallet)
+add_subdirectory(daemonizer)
 add_subdirectory(daemon)
 
 add_subdirectory(blockchain_converter)
diff --git a/src/blockchain_converter/README.md b/src/blockchain_converter/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00160c6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/blockchain_converter/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+For importing into the LMDB database, compile with `DATABASE=lmdb`
+
+e.g.
+
+`DATABASE=lmdb make release`
+
+This is also the default compile setting on the blockchain branch.
+
+By default, the exporter will use the original in-memory database (blockchain.bin) as its source.
+This default is to make migrating to an LMDB database easy, without having to recompile anything.
+To change the source, adjust `SOURCE_DB` in `src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_export.h` according to the comments.
+
+# Usage:
+
+See also each utility's "--help" option.
+
+## Export an existing in-memory database
+
+`$ blockchain_export`
+
+This loads the existing blockchain, for whichever database type it was compiled for, and exports it to `$MONERO_DATA_DIR/export/blockchain.raw`
+
+## Import the exported file
+
+`$ blockchain_import`
+
+This imports blocks from `$MONERO_DATA_DIR/export/blockchain.raw` into the current database.
+
+Defaults: `--batch on`, `--batch size 20000`, `--verify on`
+
+Batch size refers to number of blocks and can be adjusted for performance based on available RAM.
+
+Verification should only be turned off if importing from a trusted blockchain.
+
+```bash
+# use default settings to import blockchain.raw into database
+$ blockchain_import
+
+# fast import with large batch size, verification off
+$ blockchain_import --batch-size 100000 --verify off
+
+# LMDB flags can be set by appending them to the database type:
+# flags: nosync, nometasync, writemap, mapasync
+$ blockchain_import --database lmdb#nosync
+$ blockchain_import --database lmdb#nosync,nometasync
+```
+
+## Blockchain converter with batching
+`blockchain_converter` has also been updated and includes batching for faster writes. However, on lower RAM systems, this will be slower than using the exporter and importer utilities. The converter needs to keep the blockchain in memory for the duration of the conversion, like the original bitmonerod, thus leaving less memory available to the destination database to operate.
+
+```bash
+$ blockchain_converter --batch on --batch-size 20000
+```
diff --git a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_converter.cpp b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_converter.cpp
index eaf799a36..03ab5e434 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_converter.cpp
+++ b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_converter.cpp
@@ -44,14 +44,19 @@
 #include "version.h"
 #include <iostream>
 
+namespace
+{
+
 // CONFIG
-static bool opt_batch   = true;
-static bool opt_testnet = false;
+bool opt_batch   = true;
+bool opt_resume  = true;
+bool opt_testnet = false;
 
 // number of blocks per batch transaction
 // adjustable through command-line argument according to available RAM
-static uint64_t db_batch_size = 20000;
+uint64_t db_batch_size = 20000;
 
+}
 
 namespace po = boost::program_options;
 
@@ -113,11 +118,14 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 
   const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_batch  =  {"batch",
     "Batch transactions for faster import", true};
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_resume =  {"resume",
+        "Resume from current height if output database already exists", true};
 
   // call add_options() directly for these arguments since command_line helpers
   // support only boolean switch, not boolean argument
   desc_cmd_sett.add_options()
-    (arg_batch.name, make_semantic(arg_batch), arg_batch.description)
+    (arg_batch.name,  make_semantic(arg_batch),  arg_batch.description)
+    (arg_resume.name, make_semantic(arg_resume), arg_resume.description)
     ;
 
   po::options_description desc_options("Allowed options");
@@ -137,6 +145,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 
   int log_level = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_log_level);
   opt_batch     = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_batch);
+  opt_resume    = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_resume);
   db_batch_size = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_batch_size);
 
   if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_help))
@@ -178,23 +187,41 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   {
     LOG_PRINT_L0("batch:   " << std::boolalpha << opt_batch << std::noboolalpha);
   }
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("resume:  " << std::boolalpha << opt_resume  << std::noboolalpha);
   LOG_PRINT_L0("testnet: " << std::boolalpha << opt_testnet << std::noboolalpha);
 
   fake_core c(src_folder, opt_testnet);
 
   height = c.m_storage.get_current_blockchain_height();
-  if (! num_blocks || num_blocks > height)
-    end_block = height - 1;
-  else
-    end_block = start_block + num_blocks - 1;
 
   BlockchainDB *blockchain;
   blockchain = new BlockchainLMDB(opt_batch);
   dest_folder /= blockchain->get_db_name();
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Source blockchain: " << src_folder);
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Dest blockchain:   " << dest_folder.string());
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Opening LMDB: " << dest_folder.string());
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Opening dest blockchain (BlockchainDB " << blockchain->get_db_name() << ")");
   blockchain->open(dest_folder.string());
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Source blockchain height: " << height);
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Dest blockchain height:   " << blockchain->height());
+
+  if (opt_resume)
+    // next block number to add is same as current height
+    start_block = blockchain->height();
+
+  if (! num_blocks || (start_block + num_blocks > height))
+    end_block = height - 1;
+  else
+    end_block = start_block + num_blocks - 1;
+
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("start height: " << start_block+1 << "  stop height: " <<
+            end_block+1);
+
+  if (start_block > end_block)
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Finished: no blocks to add");
+    delete blockchain;
+    return 0;
+  }
 
   if (opt_batch)
     blockchain->batch_start();
@@ -247,7 +274,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     catch (const std::exception& e)
     {
       std::cout << ENDL;
-      std::cerr << "Error adding block to new blockchain: " << e.what() << ENDL;
+      std::cerr << "Error adding block " << i << " to new blockchain: " << e.what() << ENDL;
       delete blockchain;
       return 2;
     }
diff --git a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_export.cpp b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_export.cpp
index 2467951de..4587ce925 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_export.cpp
+++ b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_export.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ void BlockchainExport::write_block(block& block)
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
   const transaction* cb_tx_full = m_blockchain_storage->get_tx(coinbase_tx_hash);
 #else
-  transaction cb_tx_full = m_blockchain_storage->get_db()->get_tx(coinbase_tx_hash);
+  transaction cb_tx_full = m_blockchain_storage->get_db().get_tx(coinbase_tx_hash);
 #endif
 
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void BlockchainExport::write_block(block& block)
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
     const transaction* tx = m_blockchain_storage->get_tx(tx_id);
 #else
-    transaction tx = m_blockchain_storage->get_db()->get_tx(tx_id);
+    transaction tx = m_blockchain_storage->get_db().get_tx(tx_id);
 #endif
 
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
@@ -205,18 +205,18 @@ void BlockchainExport::write_block(block& block)
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
     size_t block_size = m_blockchain_storage->get_block_size(block_height);
 #else
-    size_t block_size = m_blockchain_storage->get_db()->get_block_size(block_height);
+    size_t block_size = m_blockchain_storage->get_db().get_block_size(block_height);
 #endif
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
     difficulty_type cumulative_difficulty = m_blockchain_storage->get_block_cumulative_difficulty(block_height);
 #else
-    difficulty_type cumulative_difficulty = m_blockchain_storage->get_db()->get_block_cumulative_difficulty(block_height);
+    difficulty_type cumulative_difficulty = m_blockchain_storage->get_db().get_block_cumulative_difficulty(block_height);
 #endif
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
     uint64_t coins_generated = m_blockchain_storage->get_block_coins_generated(block_height);
 #else
     // TODO TEST to verify that this is the equivalent. make sure no off-by-one error with block height vs block number
-    uint64_t coins_generated = m_blockchain_storage->get_db()->get_block_already_generated_coins(block_height);
+    uint64_t coins_generated = m_blockchain_storage->get_db().get_block_already_generated_coins(block_height);
 #endif
 
     *m_raw_archive << block_size;
@@ -239,14 +239,16 @@ bool BlockchainExport::BlockchainExport::close()
 
 
 #if SOURCE_DB == DB_MEMORY
-bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(blockchain_storage* _blockchain_storage, tx_memory_pool* _tx_pool, boost::filesystem::path& output_dir, uint64_t use_block_height)
+bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(blockchain_storage* _blockchain_storage, tx_memory_pool* _tx_pool, boost::filesystem::path& output_dir, uint64_t requested_block_height)
 #else
-bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(Blockchain* _blockchain_storage, tx_memory_pool* _tx_pool, boost::filesystem::path& output_dir, uint64_t use_block_height)
+bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(Blockchain* _blockchain_storage, tx_memory_pool* _tx_pool, boost::filesystem::path& output_dir, uint64_t requested_block_height)
 #endif
 {
-  uint64_t use_block_height2 = 0;
+  uint64_t block_height = 0;
   m_blockchain_storage = _blockchain_storage;
   m_tx_pool = _tx_pool;
+  uint64_t progress_interval = 100;
+  std::string refresh_string = "\r                                    \r";
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Storing blocks raw data...");
   if (!BlockchainExport::open(output_dir))
   {
@@ -255,15 +257,15 @@ bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(Blockchain* _blockchain_storage, tx_
   }
   block b;
   LOG_PRINT_L0("source blockchain height: " <<  m_blockchain_storage->get_current_blockchain_height());
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("requested block height: " << use_block_height);
-  if ((use_block_height > 0) && (use_block_height < m_blockchain_storage->get_current_blockchain_height()))
-    use_block_height2 = use_block_height;
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("requested block height: " << requested_block_height);
+  if ((requested_block_height > 0) && (requested_block_height < m_blockchain_storage->get_current_blockchain_height()))
+    block_height = requested_block_height;
   else
   {
-    use_block_height2 = m_blockchain_storage->get_current_blockchain_height();
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("using block height: " << use_block_height2);
+    block_height = m_blockchain_storage->get_current_blockchain_height();
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Using block height of source blockchain: " << block_height);
   }
-  for (height=0; height < use_block_height2; ++height)
+  for (height=0; height < block_height; ++height)
   {
     crypto::hash hash = m_blockchain_storage->get_block_id_by_height(height);
     m_blockchain_storage->get_block_by_hash(hash, b);
@@ -271,11 +273,17 @@ bool BlockchainExport::store_blockchain_raw(Blockchain* _blockchain_storage, tx_
     if (height % NUM_BLOCKS_PER_CHUNK == 0) {
       flush_chunk();
     }
+    if (height % progress_interval == 0) {
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
+      std::cout << "height " << height << "/" << block_height << std::flush;
+    }
   }
   if (height % NUM_BLOCKS_PER_CHUNK != 0)
   {
     flush_chunk();
   }
+  std::cout << refresh_string;
+  std::cout << "height " << height << "/" << block_height << ENDL;
 
   LOG_PRINT_L0("longest chunk was " << max_chunk << " bytes");
   return BlockchainExport::close();
diff --git a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_import.cpp b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_import.cpp
index 060fe8481..46d1ac189 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_import.cpp
+++ b/src/blockchain_converter/blockchain_import.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ static bool opt_testnet = true;
 // adjustable through command-line argument according to available RAM
 static uint64_t db_batch_size = 20000;
 
+static std::string refresh_string = "\r                                    \r";
+
 
 namespace po = boost::program_options;
 
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ int count_blocks(std::string& import_file_path)
     int chunk_size;
     import_file.read(buffer1, STR_LENGTH_OF_INT);
     if (!import_file) {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L1("End of import file reached");
       quit = true;
       break;
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ int count_blocks(std::string& import_file_path)
     h += NUM_BLOCKS_PER_CHUNK;
     if (h % progress_interval == 0)
     {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r" << "block height: " << h <<
+      std::cout << refresh_string << "block height: " << h <<
         std::flush;
     }
     bytes_read += STR_LENGTH_OF_INT;
@@ -162,32 +164,33 @@ int count_blocks(std::string& import_file_path)
     chunk_size = atoi(buffer1);
     if (chunk_size > BUFFER_SIZE)
     {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L0("WARNING: chunk_size " << chunk_size << " > BUFFER_SIZE " << BUFFER_SIZE
           << "  height: " << h);
       throw std::runtime_error("Aborting: chunk size exceeds buffer size");
     }
     if (chunk_size > 100000)
     {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L0("WARNING: chunk_size " << chunk_size << " > 100000" << "  height: "
           << h);
     }
     else if (chunk_size <= 0) {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L0("ERROR: chunk_size " << chunk_size << " <= 0" << "  height: " << h);
       throw std::runtime_error("Aborting");
     }
     // skip to next expected block size value
     import_file.seekg(chunk_size, std::ios_base::cur);
     if (! import_file) {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L0("ERROR: unexpected end of import file: bytes read before error: "
           << import_file.gcount() << " of chunk_size " << chunk_size);
       throw std::runtime_error("Aborting");
     }
     bytes_read += chunk_size;
-    std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+    std::cout << refresh_string;
+
     LOG_PRINT_L3("Total bytes scanned: " << bytes_read);
   }
 
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
     // Reset stats, in case we're using newly created db, accumulating stats
     // from addition of genesis block.
     // This aligns internal db counts with importer counts.
-    simple_core.m_storage.get_db()->reset_stats();
+    simple_core.m_storage.get_db().reset_stats();
   }
 #endif
   boost::filesystem::path raw_file_path(import_file_path);
@@ -285,7 +288,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
     int chunk_size;
     import_file.read(buffer1, STR_LENGTH_OF_INT);
     if (! import_file) {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_L0("End of import file reached");
       quit = 1;
       break;
@@ -340,7 +343,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
         h++;
         if (h % display_interval == 0)
         {
-          std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+          std::cout << refresh_string;
           LOG_PRINT_L0("loading block height " << h);
         }
         else
@@ -352,7 +355,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
         }
         catch (const std::exception& e)
         {
-          std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+          std::cout << refresh_string;
           LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("exception while de-archiving block, height=" << h);
           quit = 1;
           break;
@@ -361,7 +364,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
 
         if (h % progress_interval == 0)
         {
-          std::cout << "\r                   \r" << "block " << h-1
+          std::cout << refresh_string << "block " << h-1
             << std::flush;
         }
 
@@ -374,7 +377,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
         }
         catch (const std::exception& e)
         {
-          std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+          std::cout << refresh_string;
           LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("exception while de-archiving tx-num, height=" << h);
           quit = 1;
           break;
@@ -469,7 +472,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
           a >> cumulative_difficulty;
           a >> coins_generated;
 
-          std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+          std::cout << refresh_string;
           LOG_PRINT_L2("block_size: " << block_size);
           LOG_PRINT_L2("cumulative_difficulty: " << cumulative_difficulty);
           LOG_PRINT_L2("coins_generated: " << coins_generated);
@@ -480,7 +483,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
           }
           catch (const std::exception& e)
           {
-            std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+            std::cout << refresh_string;
             LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("Error adding block to blockchain: " << e.what());
             quit = 2; // make sure we don't commit partial block data
             break;
@@ -491,13 +494,13 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
         {
           if (h % db_batch_size == 0)
           {
-            std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+            std::cout << refresh_string;
             std::cout << ENDL << "[- batch commit at height " << h << " -]" << ENDL;
             simple_core.batch_stop();
             simple_core.batch_start();
             std::cout << ENDL;
 #if !defined(BLOCKCHAIN_DB) || (BLOCKCHAIN_DB == DB_LMDB)
-            simple_core.m_storage.get_db()->show_stats();
+            simple_core.m_storage.get_db().show_stats();
 #endif
           }
         }
@@ -505,7 +508,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
     }
     catch (const std::exception& e)
     {
-      std::cout << "\r                   \r";
+      std::cout << refresh_string;
       LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("exception while reading from import file, height=" << h);
       return 2;
     }
@@ -525,7 +528,7 @@ int import_from_file(FakeCore& simple_core, std::string& import_file_path)
       simple_core.batch_stop();
     }
 #if !defined(BLOCKCHAIN_DB) || (BLOCKCHAIN_DB == DB_LMDB)
-    simple_core.m_storage.get_db()->show_stats();
+    simple_core.m_storage.get_db().show_stats();
 #endif
     if (h > 0)
       LOG_PRINT_L0("Finished at height: " << h << "  block: " << h-1);
diff --git a/src/blockchain_converter/fake_core.h b/src/blockchain_converter/fake_core.h
index aff249cd9..175cb4660 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_converter/fake_core.h
+++ b/src/blockchain_converter/fake_core.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct fake_core_lmdb
     m_pool.init(path.string());
     m_storage.init(path.string(), use_testnet, mdb_flags);
     if (do_batch)
-      m_storage.get_db()->set_batch_transactions(do_batch);
+      m_storage.get_db().set_batch_transactions(do_batch);
     support_batch = true;
     support_add_block = true;
   }
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ struct fake_core_lmdb
                             , const std::vector<transaction>& txs
                             )
   {
-    return m_storage.get_db()->add_block(blk, block_size, cumulative_difficulty, coins_generated, txs);
+    return m_storage.get_db().add_block(blk, block_size, cumulative_difficulty, coins_generated, txs);
   }
 
   void batch_start()
   {
-    m_storage.get_db()->batch_start();
+    m_storage.get_db().batch_start();
   }
 
   void batch_stop()
   {
-    m_storage.get_db()->batch_stop();
+    m_storage.get_db().batch_stop();
   }
 
 };
diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 16c4b0ae3..620e1add9 100644
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -39,8 +39,11 @@ set(common_private_headers
   boost_serialization_helper.h
   command_line.h
   dns_utils.h
+  http_connection.h
   int-util.h
   pod-class.h
+  rpc_client.h
+  scoped_message_writer.h
   unordered_containers_boost_serialization.h
   util.h
   varint.h)
diff --git a/src/common/http_connection.h b/src/common/http_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..759145009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/http_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include "net/http_client.h"
+
+namespace tools {
+
+class t_http_connection {
+private:
+  epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client * mp_http_client;
+  bool m_ok;
+public:
+  static unsigned int const TIMEOUT = 200000;
+
+  t_http_connection(
+      epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client * p_http_client
+    , uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    )
+    : mp_http_client(p_http_client)
+  {
+    // TODO fix http client so that it accepts properly typed arguments
+    std::string ip_str = epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(ip);
+    std::string port_str = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(port);
+    m_ok = mp_http_client->connect(ip_str, port_str, TIMEOUT);
+  }
+
+  ~t_http_connection()
+  {
+    if (m_ok)
+    {
+      mp_http_client->disconnect();
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_open()
+  {
+    return m_ok;
+  }
+}; // class t_http_connection
+
+} // namespace tools
diff --git a/src/common/rpc_client.h b/src/common/rpc_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6d4b6cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/rpc_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/http_connection.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h"
+#include "storages/http_abstract_invoke.h"
+#include "net/http_client.h"
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
+
+namespace tools
+{
+  class t_rpc_client final
+  {
+  private:
+    epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client m_http_client;
+    uint32_t m_ip;
+    uint16_t m_port;
+  public:
+    t_rpc_client(
+        uint32_t ip
+      , uint16_t port
+      )
+      : m_http_client{}
+      , m_ip{ip}
+      , m_port{port}
+    {}
+
+    std::string build_url(std::string const & relative_url)
+    {
+      std::string result =
+              "http://"
+             + epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(m_ip)
+             + ":"
+             + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(m_port)
+             + relative_url;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool basic_json_rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & method_name
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url("/json_rpc");
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_rpc(rpc_url, method_name, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Daemon request failed";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool json_rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & method_name
+      , std::string const & fail_msg
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url("/json_rpc");
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_rpc(rpc_url, method_name, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (res.status != CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK) // TODO - handle CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY ?
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << fail_msg << " -- " << res.status;
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & relative_url
+      , std::string const & fail_msg
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url(relative_url);
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_remote_command2(rpc_url, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (res.status != CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK) // TODO - handle CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY ?
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << fail_msg << " -- " << res.status;
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool check_connection()
+    {
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+      return connection.is_open();
+    }
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h b/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70db54eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace tools
+{
+
+class scoped_message_writer
+{
+private:
+  bool m_flush;
+  std::stringstream m_oss;
+  epee::log_space::console_colors m_color;
+  bool m_bright;
+  int m_log_level;
+public:
+  scoped_message_writer(
+      epee::log_space::console_colors color = epee::log_space::console_color_default
+    , bool bright = false
+    , std::string&& prefix = std::string()
+    , int log_level = LOG_LEVEL_2
+    )
+    : m_flush(true)
+    , m_color(color)
+    , m_bright(bright)
+    , m_log_level(log_level)
+  {
+    m_oss << prefix;
+  }
+
+  scoped_message_writer(scoped_message_writer&& rhs)
+    : m_flush(std::move(rhs.m_flush))
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    , m_oss(std::move(rhs.m_oss))
+#else
+      // GCC bug: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54316
+    , m_oss(rhs.m_oss.str(), std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::ate)
+#endif
+    , m_color(std::move(rhs.m_color))
+    , m_log_level(std::move(rhs.m_log_level))
+  {
+    rhs.m_flush = false;
+  }
+
+  scoped_message_writer(scoped_message_writer& rhs) = delete;
+  scoped_message_writer& operator=(scoped_message_writer& rhs) = delete;
+  scoped_message_writer& operator=(scoped_message_writer&& rhs) = delete;
+
+  template<typename T>
+  std::ostream& operator<<(const T& val)
+  {
+    m_oss << val;
+    return m_oss;
+  }
+
+  ~scoped_message_writer()
+  {
+    if (m_flush)
+    {
+      m_flush = false;
+
+      LOG_PRINT(m_oss.str(), m_log_level)
+
+      if (epee::log_space::console_color_default == m_color)
+      {
+        std::cout << m_oss.str();
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        epee::log_space::set_console_color(m_color, m_bright);
+        std::cout << m_oss.str();
+        epee::log_space::reset_console_color();
+      }
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+inline scoped_message_writer success_msg_writer()
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(epee::log_space::console_color_green, false, std::string(), LOG_LEVEL_2);
+}
+
+inline scoped_message_writer msg_writer(epee::log_space::console_colors color = epee::log_space::console_color_default)
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(color, false, std::string(), LOG_LEVEL_2);
+}
+
+inline scoped_message_writer fail_msg_writer()
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(epee::log_space::console_color_red, true, "Error: ", LOG_LEVEL_0);
+}
+
+} // namespace tools
diff --git a/src/common/util.cpp b/src/common/util.cpp
index 907a87cee..7d39bc4f4 100644
--- a/src/common/util.cpp
+++ b/src/common/util.cpp
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ std::string get_nix_version_display_string()
     std::string config_folder;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
-    config_folder = get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_APPDATA, true) + "/" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME;
+    config_folder = get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME;
 #else
     std::string pathRet;
     char* pszHome = getenv("HOME");
diff --git a/src/common/util.h b/src/common/util.h
index 0d23135b0..883fe1e0f 100644
--- a/src/common/util.h
+++ b/src/common/util.h
@@ -58,6 +58,18 @@ namespace tools
    */
   std::string get_default_data_dir();
 
+#ifdef WIN32
+  /**
+   * @brief 
+   *
+   * @param nfolder
+   * @param iscreate
+   *
+   * @return 
+   */
+  std::string get_special_folder_path(int nfolder, bool iscreate);
+#endif
+
   /*! \brief Returns the OS version string
    *
    * \details This is a wrapper around the primitives
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_config.h b/src/cryptonote_config.h
index e26945086..e5df844e7 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_config.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_config.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 // MONEY_SUPPLY - total number coins to be generated
 #define MONEY_SUPPLY                                    ((uint64_t)(-1))
 #define EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR                           (20)
+#define FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE                        ((uint64_t)300000000000) // 3 * pow(10, 11)
 
 #define CRYPTONOTE_REWARD_BLOCKS_WINDOW                 100
 #define CRYPTONOTE_BLOCK_GRANTED_FULL_REWARD_ZONE       20000 //size of block (bytes) after which reward for block calculated using block size
@@ -61,9 +62,6 @@
 
 #define FEE_PER_KB                                      ((uint64_t)10000000000) // pow(10, 10)
 
-// temporarily to allow backward compatibility during the switch to per-kb
-//#define MINING_ALLOWED_LEGACY_FEE                       ((uint64_t)100000000000) // pow(10, 11)
-
 #define ORPHANED_BLOCKS_MAX_COUNT                       100
 
 
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.h b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.h
index da4da075b..dc98a56a4 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.h
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ namespace cryptonote
     void set_enforce_dns_checkpoints(bool enforce);
     bool update_checkpoints(const std::string& file_path, bool check_dns);
 
-    BlockchainDB* get_db()
+    BlockchainDB& get_db()
     {
-      return m_db;
+      return *m_db;
     }
 
   private:
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
index 564342444..76438020b 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::init(const std::string& config_folder, bool testnet)
 {
   CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
   m_config_folder = config_folder;
+  m_testnet = testnet;
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Loading blockchain...");
   const std::string filename = m_config_folder + "/" CRYPTONOTE_BLOCKCHAINDATA_FILENAME;
   if(tools::unserialize_obj_from_file(*this, filename))
@@ -1699,7 +1700,14 @@ bool blockchain_storage::handle_block_to_main_chain(const block& bl, const crypt
   bei.bl = bl;
   bei.block_cumulative_size = cumulative_block_size;
   bei.cumulative_difficulty = current_diffic;
-  bei.already_generated_coins = already_generated_coins + base_reward;
+
+  // In the "tail" state when the minimum subsidy (implemented in get_block_reward) is in effect, the number of 
+  // coins will eventually exceed MONEY_SUPPLY and overflow a uint64. To prevent overflow, cap already_generated_coins 
+  // at MONEY_SUPPLY. already_generated_coins is only used to compute the block subsidy and MONEY_SUPPLY yields a 
+  // subsidy of 0 under the base formula and therefore the minimum subsidy >0 in the tail state.
+
+  bei.already_generated_coins = base_reward < (MONEY_SUPPLY-already_generated_coins) ? already_generated_coins + base_reward : MONEY_SUPPLY;
+
   if(m_blocks.size())
     bei.cumulative_difficulty += m_blocks.back().cumulative_difficulty;
 
@@ -1823,7 +1831,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::update_checkpoints(const std::string& file_path, bool c
   else if (check_dns)
   {
     checkpoints dns_points;
-    cryptonote::load_checkpoints_from_dns(dns_points);
+    cryptonote::load_checkpoints_from_dns(dns_points, m_testnet);
     if (m_checkpoints.check_for_conflicts(dns_points))
     {
       check_against_checkpoints(dns_points, false);
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
index 4846177ef..25e6b2453 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     std::atomic<bool> m_is_blockchain_storing;
 
     bool m_enforce_dns_checkpoints;
+    bool m_testnet;
 
     bool switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::iterator>& alt_chain, bool discard_disconnected_chain);
     bool pop_block_from_blockchain();
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
index 31ae9655b..2cc9a8164 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ bool create_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(231350, "b5add137199b820e1ea26640e5c3e121fd85faa86a1e39cf7e6cc097bdeb1131");
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(232150, "955de8e6b6508af2c24f7334f97beeea651d78e9ade3ab18fec3763be3201aa8");
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(249380, "654fb0a81ce3e5caf7e3264a70f447d4bd07586c08fa50f6638cc54da0a52b2d");
+  ADD_CHECKPOINT(460000, "75037a7aed3e765db96c75bcf908f59d690a5f3390baebb9edeafd336a1c4831");
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_json(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::strin
   return true;
 }
 
-bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
+bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, bool testnet)
 {
   // All four MoneroPulse domains have DNSSEC on and valid
   static const std::vector<std::string> dns_urls = { "checkpoints.moneropulse.se"
@@ -120,6 +121,12 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
 						   , "checkpoints.moneropulse.net"
 						   , "checkpoints.moneropulse.co"
   };
+
+  static const std::vector<std::string> testnet_dns_urls = { "testpoints.moneropulse.se"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.org"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.net"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.co"
+  };
   bool avail, valid;
   std::vector<std::string> records;
 
@@ -131,7 +138,14 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
   size_t cur_index = first_index;
   do
   {
-    records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record(dns_urls[cur_index], avail, valid);
+    if (testnet)
+    {
+      records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record(testnet_dns_urls[cur_index], avail, valid);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record(dns_urls[cur_index], avail, valid);
+    }
     if (records.size() == 0 || (avail && !valid))
     {
       cur_index++;
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
index 569d437cf..8422e2b33 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
   bool create_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints);
 
   bool load_checkpoints_from_json(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::string json_hashfile_fullpath);
-  bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints);
+  bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, bool testnet = false);
   bool load_new_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::string json_hashfile_fullpath);
 
 }  // namespace cryptonote
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
index a7416a7e4..f2d862e57 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ namespace cryptonote {
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool get_block_reward(size_t median_size, size_t current_block_size, uint64_t already_generated_coins, uint64_t &reward) {
     uint64_t base_reward = (MONEY_SUPPLY - already_generated_coins) >> EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR;
+    if (base_reward < FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE)
+    {
+      base_reward = FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE;
+    }
 
     //make it soft
     if (median_size < CRYPTONOTE_BLOCK_GRANTED_FULL_REWARD_ZONE) {
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
index 3a6b84b74..f9b2b19ff 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ using namespace epee;
 #include "cryptonote_format_utils.h"
 #include "misc_language.h"
 #include <csignal>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
 
 DISABLE_VS_WARNINGS(4355)
 
@@ -112,14 +114,41 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return res;
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  void core::stop()
+  {
+    graceful_exit();
+  }
+  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void core::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& /*desc*/)
   {
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core::handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool core::handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
-    auto data_dir_arg = testnet ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
+    m_testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
+    auto data_dir_arg = m_testnet ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
     m_config_folder = command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg);
+
+    auto data_dir = boost::filesystem::path(m_config_folder);
+
+    if (!m_testnet)
+    {
+      cryptonote::checkpoints checkpoints;
+      if (!cryptonote::create_checkpoints(checkpoints))
+      {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize checkpoints");
+      }
+      set_checkpoints(std::move(checkpoints));
+
+      boost::filesystem::path json(JSON_HASH_FILE_NAME);
+      boost::filesystem::path checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath = data_dir / json;
+
+      set_checkpoints_file_path(checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath.string());
+    }
+
+
+    set_enforce_dns_checkpoints(command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_dns_checkpoints));
     return true;
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -158,21 +187,21 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return m_blockchain_storage.get_alternative_blocks_count();
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool core::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
-    bool r = handle_command_line(vm, testnet);
+    bool r = handle_command_line(vm);
 
     r = m_mempool.init(m_config_folder);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize memory pool");
 
-    r = m_blockchain_storage.init(m_config_folder, testnet);
+    r = m_blockchain_storage.init(m_config_folder, m_testnet);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize blockchain storage");
 
     // load json & DNS checkpoints, and verify them
     // with respect to what blocks we already have
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(update_checkpoints(), false, "One or more checkpoints loaded from json or dns conflicted with existing checkpoints.");
 
-    r = m_miner.init(vm, testnet);
+    r = m_miner.init(vm, m_testnet);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize blockchain storage");
 
     return load_state_data();
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
index bf4d7d49f..a50f46a36 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      miner& get_miner(){return m_miner;}
      static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
-     bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+     bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
      bool set_genesis_block(const block& b);
      bool deinit();
      uint64_t get_current_blockchain_height();
@@ -133,6 +133,8 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      bool update_checkpoints();
 
+     void stop();
+
    private:
      bool add_new_tx(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_hash, const crypto::hash& tx_prefix_hash, size_t blob_size, tx_verification_context& tvc, bool keeped_by_block);
      bool add_new_tx(const transaction& tx, tx_verification_context& tvc, bool keeped_by_block);
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
      bool check_tx_ring_signature(const txin_to_key& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_prefix_hash, const std::vector<crypto::signature>& sig);
      bool is_tx_spendtime_unlocked(uint64_t unlock_time);
      bool update_miner_block_template();
-     bool handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+     bool handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
      bool on_update_blocktemplate_interval();
      bool check_tx_inputs_keyimages_diff(const transaction& tx);
      void graceful_exit();
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      uint64_t m_target_blockchain_height;
 
+     bool m_testnet;
      std::string m_checkpoints_path;
      time_t m_last_dns_checkpoints_update;
      time_t m_last_json_checkpoints_update;
diff --git a/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt b/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
index 1ad1949d3..afb65b5f6 100644
--- a/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -27,12 +27,27 @@
 # THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 set(daemon_sources
-  daemon.cpp)
+  command_parser_executor.cpp
+  command_server.cpp
+  daemon.cpp
+  executor.cpp
+  main.cpp
+  rpc_command_executor.cpp
+)
 
 set(daemon_headers)
 
 set(daemon_private_headers
+  command_parser_executor.h
+  command_server.h
+  core.h
+  daemon.h
   daemon_commands_handler.h
+  executor.h
+  p2p.h
+  protocol.h
+  rpc.h
+  rpc_command_executor.h
 
   # cryptonote_protocol
   ../cryptonote_protocol/blobdatatype.h
@@ -63,6 +78,7 @@ target_link_libraries(daemon
     cryptonote_core
     crypto
     common
+    daemonizer
     ${Boost_CHRONO_LIBRARY}
     ${Boost_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}
     ${Boost_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_LIBRARY}
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_line_args.h b/src/daemon/command_line_args.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcf599128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_line_args.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
+#define DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemon_args
+{
+  std::string const WINDOWS_SERVICE_NAME = "Monero Daemon";
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_config_file = {
+    "config-file"
+  , "Specify configuration file"
+  , std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf")
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_log_file = {
+    "log-file"
+  , "Specify log file"
+  , ""
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<int> arg_log_level = {
+    "log-level"
+  , ""
+  , LOG_LEVEL_0
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::vector<std::string>> arg_command = {
+    "daemon_command"
+  , "Hidden"
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_os_version = {
+    "os-version"
+  , "OS for which this executable was compiled"
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_testnet_on  = {
+    "testnet"
+  , "Run on testnet. The wallet must be launched with --testnet flag."
+  , false
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_dns_checkpoints  = {
+    "enforce-dns-checkpointing"
+  , "checkpoints from DNS server will be enforced"
+  , false
+  };
+
+}  // namespace daemon_args
+
+#endif // DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3af50b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.h"
+#include "daemon/command_parser_executor.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+t_command_parser_executor::t_command_parser_executor(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  )
+  : m_executor(ip, port)
+{}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_peer_list(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_peer_list();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::save_blockchain(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.save_blockchain();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::show_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.show_hash_rate();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::hide_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.hide_hash_rate();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::show_difficulty(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.show_difficulty();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_connections(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_connections();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_blockchain_info(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(!args.size())
+  {
+    std::cout << "need block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint64_t start_index = 0;
+  uint64_t end_index = 0;
+  if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(start_index, args[0]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong starter block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if(args.size() >1 && !epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(end_index, args[1]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong end block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return m_executor.print_blockchain_info(start_index, end_index);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_log_level(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size() != 1)
+  {
+    std::cout << "use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t l = 0;
+  if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(l, args[0]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong number format, use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(LOG_LEVEL_4 < l)
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong number range, use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return m_executor.set_log_level(l);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_height(const std::vector<std::string>& args) 
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_height();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_block(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (args.empty())
+  {
+    std::cout << "expected: print_block (<block_hash> | <block_height>)" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& arg = args.front();
+  try
+  {
+    uint64_t height = boost::lexical_cast<uint64_t>(arg);
+    return m_executor.print_block_by_height(height);
+  }
+  catch (boost::bad_lexical_cast&)
+  {
+    crypto::hash block_hash;
+    if (parse_hash256(arg, block_hash))
+    {
+      return m_executor.print_block_by_hash(block_hash);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (args.empty())
+  {
+    std::cout << "expected: print_tx <transaction hash>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& str_hash = args.front();
+  crypto::hash tx_hash;
+  if (parse_hash256(str_hash, tx_hash))
+  {
+    m_executor.print_transaction(tx_hash);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_long(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_transaction_pool_long();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_short(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_transaction_pool_short();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::start_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(!args.size())
+  {
+    std::cout << "Please specify a wallet address to mine for: start_mining <addr> [threads=1]" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  cryptonote::account_public_address adr;
+  if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, false, args.front()))
+  {
+    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, true, args.front()))
+    {
+      std::cout << "target account address has wrong format" << std::endl;
+      return true;
+    }
+    std::cout << "Mining to a testnet address, make sure this is intentional!" << std::endl;
+  }
+  uint64_t threads_count = 1;
+  if(args.size() > 2)
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+  else if(args.size() == 2)
+  {
+    bool ok = epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(threads_count, args[1]);
+    threads_count = (ok && 0 < threads_count) ? threads_count : 1;
+  }
+
+  m_executor.start_mining(adr, threads_count);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::stop_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.stop_mining();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::stop_daemon(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.stop_daemon();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_status(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_status();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit(limit);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit_up(limit);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit_down(limit);
+}
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19ed8ada7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/rpc_command_executor.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_command_parser_executor final
+{
+private:
+  t_rpc_command_executor m_executor;
+public:
+  t_command_parser_executor(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    );
+
+  bool print_peer_list(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool save_blockchain(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool show_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool hide_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool show_difficulty(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_connections(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_blockchain_info(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_log_level(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_height(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_block(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_long(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_short(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool start_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool stop_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool stop_daemon(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_status(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_server.cpp b/src/daemon/command_server.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bedceffed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_server.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "daemon/command_server.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+namespace p = std::placeholders;
+
+t_command_server::t_command_server(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  )
+  : m_parser(ip, port)
+  , m_command_lookup()
+{
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "help"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_server::help, this, p::_1)
+    , "Show this help"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_height"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_height, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print local blockchain height"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pl"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_peer_list, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print peer list"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_cn"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_connections, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print connections"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_bc"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_blockchain_info, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print blockchain info in a given blocks range, print_bc <begin_height> [<end_height>]"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_block"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_block, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print block, print_block <block_hash> | <block_height>"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_tx"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction, print_tx <transaction_hash>"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "start_mining"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::start_mining, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Start mining for specified address, start_mining <addr> [threads=1]"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "stop_mining"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::stop_mining, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop mining"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pool"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_long, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction pool (long format)"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pool_sh"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_short, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction pool (short format)"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "show_hr"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::show_hash_rate, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Start showing hash rate"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "hide_hr"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::hide_hash_rate, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop showing hash rate"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "save"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::save_blockchain, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Save blockchain"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "set_log"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_log_level, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "set_log <level> - Change current log detalization level, <level> is a number 0-4"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "diff"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::show_difficulty, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Show difficulty"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "stop_daemon"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::stop_daemon, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop the daemon"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_status"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_status, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Prints daemon status"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set download and upload limit"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit-up"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_up, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set upload limit"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit-down"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_down, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set download limit"
+    );
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::process_command_str(const std::string& cmd)
+{
+  return m_command_lookup.process_command_str(cmd);
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd)
+{
+  bool result = m_command_lookup.process_command_vec(cmd);
+  if (!result)
+  {
+    help(std::vector<std::string>());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::help(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  std::cout << get_commands_str() << std::endl;
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string t_command_server::get_commands_str()
+{
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << std::endl;
+  ss << "Commands: " << std::endl;
+  std::string usage = m_command_lookup.get_usage();
+  boost::replace_all(usage, "\n", "\n  ");
+  usage.insert(0, "  ");
+  ss << usage << std::endl;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_server.h b/src/daemon/command_server.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab2d33a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_server.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+
+Passing RPC commands:
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "console_handler.h"
+#include "daemon/command_parser_executor.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_command_server {
+private:
+  t_command_parser_executor m_parser;
+  epee::command_handler m_command_lookup;
+public:
+  t_command_server(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    );
+
+  bool process_command_str(const std::string& cmd);
+
+  bool process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd);
+
+private:
+  bool help(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  std::string get_commands_str();
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/core.h b/src/daemon/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6564e5314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_core final
+{
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    cryptonote::core::init_options(option_spec);
+    cryptonote::miner::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  cryptonote::core m_core;
+  // TEMPORARY HACK - Yes, this creates a copy, but otherwise the original
+  // variable map could go out of scope before the run method is called
+  boost::program_options::variables_map const m_vm_HACK;
+public:
+  t_core(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+    : m_core{nullptr}
+    , m_vm_HACK{vm}
+  {
+  }
+
+  // TODO - get rid of circular dependencies in internals
+  void set_protocol(t_protocol_raw & protocol)
+  {
+    m_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(&protocol);
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    //initialize core here
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core...");
+    if (!m_core.init(m_vm_HACK))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize core");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Core initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  cryptonote::core & get()
+  {
+    return m_core;
+  }
+
+  ~t_core()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing core...");
+    try {
+      m_core.deinit();
+      m_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(nullptr);
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize core...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon.cpp b/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
index 9f2ae3167..728b239a0 100644
--- a/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
-// 
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
 // All rights reserved.
-// 
+//
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
 // permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-// 
+//
 // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
 //    conditions and the following disclaimer.
-// 
+//
 // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
 //    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 //    materials provided with the distribution.
-// 
+//
 // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
 //    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
 //    prior written permission.
-// 
+//
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
@@ -25,278 +25,120 @@
 // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 // STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
 // THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-// 
+//
 // Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
 
-// node.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
-// Does this file exist?
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
 
-
-#include "include_base_utils.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemon/core.h"
+#include "daemon/p2p.h"
+#include "daemon/protocol.h"
+#include "daemon/rpc.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
 #include "version.h"
-
-using namespace epee;
-
 #include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+struct t_internals {
+private:
+  t_protocol protocol;
+public:
+  t_core core;
+  t_p2p p2p;
+  t_rpc rpc;
+
+  t_internals(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+    : core{vm}
+    , protocol{vm, core}
+    , p2p{vm, protocol}
+    , rpc{vm, core, p2p}
+  {
+    // Handle circular dependencies
+    protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(p2p.get());
+    core.set_protocol(protocol.get());
+  }
+};
 
-#include "crypto/hash.h"
-#include "console_handler.h"
-#include "p2p/net_node.h"
-#include "cryptonote_config.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
-#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
-#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
-#include "daemon_commands_handler.h"
-#include "version.h"
-
-#if defined(WIN32)
-#include <crtdbg.h>
-#endif
-
-namespace po = boost::program_options;
-
-namespace
+void t_daemon::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
 {
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_config_file = {"config-file", "Specify configuration file", std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf")};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_os_version  = {"os-version", ""};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_log_file    = {"log-file", "", ""};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<int>         arg_log_level   = {"log-level", "", LOG_LEVEL_0};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_console     = {"no-console", "Disable daemon console commands"};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_testnet_on  = {
-      "testnet"
-    , "Run on testnet. The wallet must be launched with --testnet flag."
-    , false
-    };
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_dns_checkpoints  = {"enforce-dns-checkpointing", "checkpoints from DNS server will be enforced", false};
+  t_core::init_options(option_spec);
+  t_p2p::init_options(option_spec);
+  t_rpc::init_options(option_spec);
 }
 
-bool command_line_preprocessor(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
-{
-  bool exit = false;
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_version))
-  {
-    std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME  << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL;
-    exit = true;
-  }
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_os_version))
-  {
-    std::cout << "OS: " << tools::get_os_version_string() << ENDL;
-    exit = true;
-  }
+t_daemon::t_daemon(
+    boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+  )
+  : mp_internals{new t_internals{vm}}
+{}
 
-  if (exit)
-  {
-    return true;
-  }
+t_daemon::~t_daemon() = default;
 
-  int new_log_level = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_log_level);
-  if(new_log_level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || new_log_level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
-  {
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("Wrong log level value: ");
-  }
-  else if (log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(false) != new_log_level)
+// MSVC is brain-dead and can't default this...
+t_daemon::t_daemon(t_daemon && other)
+{
+  if (this != &other)
   {
-    log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, new_log_level);
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("LOG_LEVEL set to " << new_log_level);
+    mp_internals = std::move(other.mp_internals);
+    other.mp_internals.reset(nullptr);
   }
-
-  return false;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+// or this
+t_daemon & t_daemon::operator=(t_daemon && other)
 {
-  
-  string_tools::set_module_name_and_folder(argv[0]);
-#ifdef WIN32
-  _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
-#endif
-  log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, LOG_LEVEL_0);
-  log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL);
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting...");
-
-  TRY_ENTRY();  
-
-  boost::filesystem::path default_data_path {tools::get_default_data_dir()};
-  boost::filesystem::path default_testnet_data_path {default_data_path / "testnet"};
-
-  po::options_description desc_cmd_only("Command line options");
-  po::options_description desc_cmd_sett("Command line options and settings options");
-
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_help);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_version);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, arg_os_version);
-  // tools::get_default_data_dir() can't be called during static initialization
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_data_dir, default_data_path.string());
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir, default_testnet_data_path.string());
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, arg_config_file);
-
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_log_file);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_log_level);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_console);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_testnet_on);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_dns_checkpoints);
-
-  cryptonote::core::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  cryptonote::core_rpc_server::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  cryptonote::miner::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-
-  po::options_description desc_options("Allowed options");
-  desc_options.add(desc_cmd_only).add(desc_cmd_sett);
-
-  po::variables_map vm;
-  bool r = command_line::handle_error_helper(desc_options, [&]()
-  {
-    po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, desc_options), vm);
-    po::notify(vm);
-
-    return true;
-  });
-  if (!r)
-    return 1;
-
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_help))
+  if (this != &other)
   {
-    std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL << ENDL;
-    std::cout << desc_options << std::endl;
-    return false;
+    mp_internals = std::move(other.mp_internals);
+    other.mp_internals.reset(nullptr);
   }
+  return *this;
+}
 
-  bool testnet_mode = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_testnet_on);
-
-  auto data_dir_arg = testnet_mode ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
-
-  std::string data_dir = command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg);
-  tools::create_directories_if_necessary(data_dir);
-  std::string config = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_config_file);
-
-  boost::filesystem::path data_dir_path(data_dir);
-  boost::filesystem::path config_path(config);
-  if (!config_path.has_parent_path())
+bool t_daemon::run()
+{
+  if (nullptr == mp_internals)
   {
-    config_path = data_dir_path / config_path;
+    throw std::runtime_error{"Can't run stopped daemon"};
   }
+  tools::signal_handler::install(std::bind(&daemonize::t_daemon::stop, this));
 
-  boost::system::error_code ec;
-  if (boost::filesystem::exists(config_path, ec))
+  try
   {
-    po::store(po::parse_config_file<char>(config_path.string<std::string>().c_str(), desc_cmd_sett), vm);
+    mp_internals->core.run();
+    mp_internals->rpc.run();
+    mp_internals->p2p.run();
+    mp_internals->rpc.stop();
+    LOG_PRINT("Node stopped.", LOG_LEVEL_0);
+    return true;
   }
-
-  //set up logging options
-  boost::filesystem::path log_file_path(command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_log_file));
-  if (log_file_path.empty())
-    log_file_path = log_space::log_singletone::get_default_log_file();
-  std::string log_dir;
-  log_dir = log_file_path.has_parent_path() ? log_file_path.parent_path().string() : log_space::log_singletone::get_default_log_folder();
-
-  log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_FILE, log_file_path.filename().string().c_str(), log_dir.c_str());
-  LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
-
-  if (command_line_preprocessor(vm))
+  catch (std::exception const & ex)
   {
-    return 0;
+    LOG_ERROR("Uncaught exception! " << ex.what());
+    return false;
   }
-
-  LOG_PRINT("Module folder: " << argv[0], LOG_LEVEL_0);
-
-  bool res = true;
-  cryptonote::checkpoints checkpoints;
-  res = cryptonote::create_checkpoints(checkpoints);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize checkpoints");
-  boost::filesystem::path json(JSON_HASH_FILE_NAME);
-  boost::filesystem::path checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath = data_dir / json;
-
-  //create objects and link them
-  cryptonote::core ccore(NULL);
-
-  // tell core if we're enforcing dns checkpoints
-  bool enforce_dns = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_dns_checkpoints);
-  ccore.set_enforce_dns_checkpoints(enforce_dns);
-
-  if (testnet_mode) {
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting in testnet mode!");
-  } else {
-    ccore.set_checkpoints(std::move(checkpoints));
-    ccore.set_checkpoints_file_path(checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath.string());
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR("Uncaught exception!");
+    return false;
   }
+}
 
-  cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> cprotocol(ccore, NULL);
-  nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> > p2psrv {
-      cprotocol
-    , testnet_mode ? std::move(config::testnet::NETWORK_ID) : std::move(config::NETWORK_ID)
-    };
-  cryptonote::core_rpc_server rpc_server {ccore, p2psrv, testnet_mode};
-  cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&p2psrv);
-  ccore.set_cryptonote_protocol(&cprotocol);
-  daemon_cmmands_handler dch(p2psrv, testnet_mode);
-
-  //initialize objects
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing P2P server...");
-  res = p2psrv.init(vm, testnet_mode);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize P2P server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("P2P server initialized OK");
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing protocol...");
-  res = cprotocol.init(vm);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize protocol.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Protocol initialized OK");
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core RPC server...");
-  res = rpc_server.init(vm);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core RPC server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_GREEN("Core RPC server initialized OK on port: " << rpc_server.get_binded_port(), LOG_LEVEL_0);
-
-  //initialize core here
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core...");
-  res = ccore.init(vm, testnet_mode);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Core initialized OK");
-  
-  // start components
-  if(!command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_console))
+void t_daemon::stop()
+{
+  if (nullptr == mp_internals)
   {
-    dch.start_handling();
+    throw std::runtime_error{"Can't stop stopped daemon"};
   }
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting core RPC server...");
-  res = rpc_server.run(2, false);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core RPC server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Core RPC server started ok");
-
-  tools::signal_handler::install([&dch, &p2psrv] {
-    dch.stop_handling();
-    p2psrv.send_stop_signal();
-  });
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting P2P net loop...");
-  p2psrv.run();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("P2P net loop stopped");
-
-  //stop components
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Stopping core rpc server...");
-  rpc_server.send_stop_signal();
-  rpc_server.timed_wait_server_stop(5000);
-
-  //deinitialize components
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing core...");
-  ccore.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing RPC server ...");
-  rpc_server.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing protocol...");
-  cprotocol.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing P2P...");
-  p2psrv.deinit();
-
-
-  ccore.set_cryptonote_protocol(NULL);
-  cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(NULL);
-
-  LOG_PRINT("Node stopped.", LOG_LEVEL_0);
-  return 0;
-
-  CATCH_ENTRY_L0("main", 1);
+  mp_internals->p2p.stop();
+  mp_internals->rpc.stop();
+  mp_internals.reset(nullptr); // Ensure resources are cleaned up before we return
 }
 
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon.h b/src/daemon/daemon.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c5c27b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_internals;
+
+class t_daemon final {
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec);
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<t_internals> mp_internals;
+public:
+  t_daemon(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+  t_daemon(t_daemon && other);
+  t_daemon & operator=(t_daemon && other);
+  ~t_daemon();
+
+  bool run();
+  void stop();
+};
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h b/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
index 10a07cf89..7416af9c5 100644
--- a/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
@@ -1,35 +1,7 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
-// 
-// All rights reserved.
-// 
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
-// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-// 
-// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
-//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
-// 
-// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
-//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
-//    materials provided with the distribution.
-// 
-// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
-//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
-//    prior written permission.
-// 
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
-// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
-// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
-// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
-// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
-// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-// 
-// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
-
-
-/* This isn't a header file, may want to refactor this... */
+// Copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
 #pragma once
 
 #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
@@ -41,21 +13,18 @@
 #include "crypto/hash.h"
 #include "version.h"
 
-/*!
- * \brief I don't really know right now
- *  
- * 
- */
+//#include "net/net_helper.h"
+//#include "../p2p/p2p_protocol_defs.h"
+//#include "../p2p/net_peerlist_boost_serialization.h"
+//#include "net/local_ip.h"
+//#include "crypto/crypto.h"
+//#include "storages/levin_abstract_invoke2.h"
+
 class daemon_cmmands_handler
 {
   nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& m_srv;
 public:
-  daemon_cmmands_handler(
-      nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& srv
-    , bool testnet
-    )
-    : m_srv(srv)
-    , m_testnet(testnet)
+  daemon_cmmands_handler(nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& srv):m_srv(srv)
   {
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("help", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::help, this, _1), "Show this help");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("print_pl", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::print_pl, this, _1), "Print peer list");
@@ -74,6 +43,10 @@ public:
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("save", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::save, this, _1), "Save blockchain");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("set_log", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::set_log, this, _1), "set_log <level> - Change current log detalization level, <level> is a number 0-4");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("diff", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::diff, this, _1), "Show difficulty");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit-up", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_up, this, _1), "Set upload limit");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit-down", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_down, this, _1), "Set download limit");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit, this, _1), "Set download and upload limit");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("out_peers", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::out_peers_limit, this, _1), "Set max limit of out peers");
   }
 
   bool start_handling()
@@ -89,7 +62,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
   epee::srv_console_handlers_binder<nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> > > m_cmd_binder;
-  bool m_testnet;
+
 
   //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   std::string get_commands_str()
@@ -122,6 +95,122 @@ private:
     return true;
   }
   //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_up <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return false;
+      }
+      
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+  
+  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+  bool limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+  
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+  bool limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ bool out_peers_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+	  if(args.size()!=1) {		
+		  std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+    
+      int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+    
+	  LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("connections_count:  " << limit);
+	  m_srv.m_config.m_net_config.connections_count = limit;
+	  return true;
+ }
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool show_hr(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
   {
 	if(!m_srv.get_payload_object().get_core().get_miner().is_mining()) 
@@ -234,7 +323,11 @@ private:
       return true;
     }
 
+		// TODO what the hell causes compilation warning in following code line
+PUSH_WARNINGS
+DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(maybe-uninitialized)
     log_space::log_singletone::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, l);
+POP_WARNINGS
 
     return true;
   }
@@ -374,7 +467,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     cryptonote::account_public_address adr;
-    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, m_testnet, args.front()))
+    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, args.front()))
     {
       std::cout << "target account address has wrong format" << std::endl;
       return true;
diff --git a/src/daemon/executor.cpp b/src/daemon/executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4def4d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "daemon/executor.h"
+
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+  std::string const t_executor::NAME = "Monero Daemon";
+
+  void t_executor::init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & configurable_options
+    )
+  {
+    t_daemon::init_options(configurable_options);
+  }
+
+  std::string const & t_executor::name()
+  {
+    return NAME;
+  }
+
+  t_daemon t_executor::create_daemon(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+    return t_daemon{vm};
+  }
+
+  bool t_executor::run_interactive(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    epee::log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL);
+    return t_daemon{vm}.run();
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/daemon/executor.h b/src/daemon/executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..553896875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
+#include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+  class t_executor final
+  {
+  public:
+    typedef ::daemonize::t_daemon t_daemon;
+
+    static std::string const NAME;
+
+    static void init_options(
+        boost::program_options::options_description & configurable_options
+      );
+
+    std::string const & name();
+
+    t_daemon create_daemon(
+        boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+      );
+
+    bool run_interactive(
+        boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+      );
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/main.cpp b/src/daemon/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d8baf497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/miner.h"
+#include "daemon/command_server.h"
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
+#include "daemon/executor.h"
+#include "daemonizer/daemonizer.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+namespace bf = boost::filesystem;
+
+int main(int argc, char const * argv[])
+{
+  try {
+
+    epee::string_tools::set_module_name_and_folder(argv[0]);
+
+    // Build argument description
+    po::options_description all_options("All");
+    po::options_description hidden_options("Hidden");
+    po::options_description visible_options("Options");
+    po::options_description core_settings("Settings");
+    po::positional_options_description positional_options;
+    {
+      bf::path default_data_dir = daemonizer::get_default_data_dir();
+      bf::path default_testnet_data_dir = {default_data_dir / "testnet"};
+
+      // Misc Options
+
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_help);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_version);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, daemon_args::arg_os_version);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_data_dir, default_data_dir.string());
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir, default_testnet_data_dir.string());
+      bf::path default_conf = default_data_dir / std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf");
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, daemon_args::arg_config_file, default_conf.string());
+
+      // Settings
+      bf::path default_log = default_data_dir / std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".log");
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_log_file, default_log.string());
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_log_level);
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_dns_checkpoints);
+      daemonizer::init_options(hidden_options, visible_options);
+      daemonize::t_executor::init_options(core_settings);
+
+      // Hidden options
+      command_line::add_arg(hidden_options, daemon_args::arg_command);
+
+      visible_options.add(core_settings);
+      all_options.add(visible_options);
+      all_options.add(hidden_options);
+
+      // Positional
+      positional_options.add(daemon_args::arg_command.name, -1); // -1 for unlimited arguments
+    }
+
+    // Do command line parsing
+    po::variables_map vm;
+    bool ok = command_line::handle_error_helper(visible_options, [&]()
+    {
+      boost::program_options::store(
+        boost::program_options::command_line_parser(argc, argv)
+          .options(all_options).positional(positional_options).run()
+      , vm
+      );
+
+      return true;
+    });
+    if (!ok) return 1;
+
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_help))
+    {
+      std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL << ENDL;
+      std::cout << "Usage: " + std::string{argv[0]} + " [options|settings] [daemon_command...]" << std::endl << std::endl;
+      std::cout << visible_options << std::endl;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Monero Version
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_version))
+    {
+      std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME  << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // OS
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_os_version))
+    {
+      std::cout << "OS: " << tools::get_os_version_string() << ENDL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool testnet_mode = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
+    auto data_dir_arg = testnet_mode ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
+
+    // Create data dir if it doesn't exist
+    boost::filesystem::path data_dir = boost::filesystem::absolute(
+        command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg));
+    tools::create_directories_if_necessary(data_dir.string());
+
+    // FIXME: not sure on windows implementation default, needs further review
+    //bf::path relative_path_base = daemonizer::get_relative_path_base(vm);
+    bf::path relative_path_base = data_dir;
+
+    std::string config = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_config_file);
+
+    boost::filesystem::path data_dir_path(data_dir);
+    boost::filesystem::path config_path(config);
+    if (!config_path.has_parent_path())
+    {
+      config_path = data_dir / config_path;
+    }
+
+    boost::system::error_code ec;
+    if (bf::exists(config_path, ec))
+    {
+      po::store(po::parse_config_file<char>(config_path.string<std::string>().c_str(), core_settings), vm);
+    }
+    po::notify(vm);
+
+    // If there are positional options, we're running a daemon command
+    {
+      auto command = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_command);
+
+      if (command.size())
+      {
+        auto rpc_ip_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_ip);
+        auto rpc_port_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_port);
+        if (testnet_mode)
+        {
+          rpc_port_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t rpc_ip;
+        uint16_t rpc_port;
+        if (!epee::string_tools::get_ip_int32_from_string(rpc_ip, rpc_ip_str))
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Invalid IP: " << rpc_ip_str << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+        if (!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(rpc_port, rpc_port_str))
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Invalid port: " << rpc_port_str << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+        daemonize::t_command_server rpc_commands{rpc_ip, rpc_port};
+        if (rpc_commands.process_command_vec(command))
+        {
+          return 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Unknown command" << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Start with log level 0
+    epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, LOG_LEVEL_0);
+
+    // Set log level
+    {
+      int new_log_level = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_log_level);
+      if(new_log_level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || new_log_level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
+      {
+        LOG_PRINT_L0("Wrong log level value: " << new_log_level);
+      }
+      else if (epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(false) != new_log_level)
+      {
+        epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, new_log_level);
+        LOG_PRINT_L0("LOG_LEVEL set to " << new_log_level);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Set log file
+    {
+      bf::path log_file_path{bf::absolute(command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_log_file), relative_path_base)};
+
+      epee::log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(
+          LOGGER_FILE
+        , log_file_path.filename().string().c_str()
+        , log_file_path.parent_path().string().c_str()
+        );
+    }
+
+    return daemonizer::daemonize(argc, argv, daemonize::t_executor{}, vm);
+  }
+  catch (std::exception const & ex)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR("Exception in main! " << ex.what());
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR("Exception in main!");
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/p2p.h b/src/daemon/p2p.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..355a784b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/p2p.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "daemon/protocol.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_p2p final
+{
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  typedef nodetool::node_server<t_protocol_raw> t_node_server;
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    t_node_server::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  t_node_server m_server;
+public:
+  t_p2p(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_protocol & protocol
+    )
+    : m_server{protocol.get()}
+  {
+    //initialize objects
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing p2p server...");
+    if (!m_server.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize p2p server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("P2p server initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  t_node_server & get()
+  {
+    return m_server;
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting p2p net loop...");
+    m_server.run();
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("p2p net loop stopped");
+  }
+
+  void stop()
+  {
+    m_server.send_stop_signal();
+  }
+
+  ~t_p2p()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing p2p...");
+    try {
+      m_server.deinit();
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize p2p...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/protocol.h b/src/daemon/protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f6a66f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_protocol final
+{
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  typedef nodetool::node_server<t_protocol_raw> t_node_server;
+
+  t_protocol_raw m_protocol;
+public:
+  t_protocol(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_core & core
+    )
+    : m_protocol{core.get(), nullptr}
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing cryptonote protocol...");
+    if (!m_protocol.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize cryptonote protocol.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Cryptonote protocol initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  t_protocol_raw & get()
+  {
+    return m_protocol;
+  }
+
+  void set_p2p_endpoint(
+      t_node_server & server
+    )
+  {
+    m_protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&server);
+  }
+
+  ~t_protocol()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing cryptonote_protocol...");
+    try {
+      m_protocol.deinit();
+      m_protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(nullptr);
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize protocol...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc.h b/src/daemon/rpc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf7da51a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/core.h"
+#include "daemon/p2p.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_rpc final
+{
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    cryptonote::core_rpc_server::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  cryptonote::core_rpc_server m_server;
+public:
+  t_rpc(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_core & core
+    , t_p2p & p2p
+    )
+    : m_server{core.get(), p2p.get()}
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core rpc server...");
+    if (!m_server.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize core rpc server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_GREEN("Core rpc server initialized OK on port: " << m_server.get_binded_port(), LOG_LEVEL_0);
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting core rpc server...");
+    if (!m_server.run(2, false))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to start core rpc server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Core rpc server started ok");
+  }
+
+  void stop()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Stopping core rpc server...");
+    m_server.send_stop_signal();
+    m_server.timed_wait_server_stop(5000);
+  }
+
+  ~t_rpc()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing rpc server...");
+    try {
+      m_server.deinit();
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize rpc server...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02bef9271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "daemon/rpc_command_executor.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h"
+#include <boost/format.hpp>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+namespace {
+  void print_peer(std::string const & prefix, cryptonote::peer const & peer)
+  {
+    time_t now;
+    time(&now);
+    time_t last_seen = static_cast<time_t>(peer.last_seen);
+
+    std::string id_str;
+    std::string port_str;
+    std::string elapsed = epee::misc_utils::get_time_interval_string(now - last_seen);
+    std::string ip_str = epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(peer.ip);
+    epee::string_tools::xtype_to_string(peer.id, id_str);
+    epee::string_tools::xtype_to_string(peer.port, port_str);
+    std::string addr_str = ip_str + ":" + port_str;
+    tools::msg_writer() << boost::format("%-10s %-25s %-25s %s") % prefix % id_str % addr_str % elapsed;
+  }
+
+  void print_block_header(cryptonote::block_header_responce const & header)
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer()
+      << "timestamp: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.timestamp) << std::endl
+      << "previous hash: " << header.prev_hash << std::endl
+      << "nonce: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.nonce) << std::endl
+      << "is orphan: " << header.orphan_status << std::endl
+      << "height: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.height) << std::endl
+      << "depth: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.depth) << std::endl
+      << "hash: " << header.hash
+      << "difficulty: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.difficulty) << std::endl
+      << "reward: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.reward);
+  }
+}
+
+t_rpc_command_executor::t_rpc_command_executor(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  )
+  : m_rpc_client{ip, port}
+{}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_peer_list() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response res;
+
+  bool ok = m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/get_peer_list", "Couldn't retrieve peer list");
+
+  if (!ok) return false;
+
+  for (auto & peer : res.white_list)
+  {
+    print_peer("white", peer);
+  }
+
+  for (auto & peer : res.gray_list)
+  {
+    print_peer("gray", peer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::save_blockchain() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/save_bc", "Couldn't save blockchain"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Blockchain saved";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::show_hash_rate() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response res;
+  req.visible = true;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_hash_rate", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Hash rate logging is on";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::hide_hash_rate() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response res;
+  req.visible = false;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_hash_rate", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Hash rate logging is off";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::show_difficulty() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/getinfo", "Problem fetching info"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() <<   "BH: " << res.height
+                                << ", DIFF: " << res.difficulty
+                                << ", HR: " << (int) res.difficulty / 60L << " H/s";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_connections() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/get_connections", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    for (auto & info : res.connections)
+    {
+      std::string address = info.ip + ":" + info.port;
+      std::string in_out = info.incoming ? "INC" : "OUT";
+      tools::msg_writer() << boost::format("%-25s peer_id: %-25s %s") % address % info.peer_id % in_out;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_blockchain_info(uint64_t start_block_index, uint64_t end_block_index) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE::response res;
+
+  req.start_height = start_block_index;
+  req.end_height = end_block_index;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheadersrange", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    for (auto & header : res.headers)
+    {
+      std::cout
+        << "major version: " << header.major_version << std::endl
+        << "minor version: " << header.minor_version << std::endl
+        << "height: " << header.height << ", timestamp: " << header.timestamp << ", difficulty: " << header.difficulty << std::endl
+        << "block id: " << header.hash << std::endl
+        << "previous block id: " << header.prev_hash << std::endl
+        << "difficulty: " << header.difficulty << ", nonce " << header.nonce << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_log_level(int8_t level) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response res;
+  req.level = level;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_level", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Log level is now " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(level);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_height() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/getheight", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(res.height);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_block_by_hash(crypto::hash block_hash) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response res;
+
+  req.hash = epee::string_tools::pod_to_hex(block_hash);
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheaderbyhash", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    print_block_header(res.block_header);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_block_by_height(uint64_t height) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response res;
+
+  req.height = height;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheaderbyheight", "Unsuccessful"))
+  {
+    print_block_header(res.block_header);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction(crypto::hash transaction_hash) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/gettransactions", "Problem fetching transaction"))
+  {
+    if (1 == res.txs_as_hex.size())
+    {
+      tools::success_msg_writer() << res.txs_as_hex.front();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << "transaction wasn't found: <" << transaction_hash << '>' << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction_pool_long() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/get_transaction_pool", "Problem fetching transaction pool"))
+  {
+    if (res.transactions.empty())
+    {
+      tools::msg_writer() << "Pool is empty" << std::endl;
+    }
+    for (auto & tx_info : res.transactions)
+    {
+      tools::msg_writer() << "id: " << tx_info.id_hash << std::endl
+                          << "blob_size: " << tx_info.blob_size << std::endl
+                          << "fee: " << tx_info.fee << std::endl
+                          << "kept_by_block: " << tx_info.kept_by_block << std::endl
+                          << "max_used_block_height: " << tx_info.max_used_block_height << std::endl
+                          << "max_used_block_id: " << tx_info.max_used_block_id_hash << std::endl
+                          << "last_failed_height: " << tx_info.last_failed_height << std::endl
+                          << "last_failed_id: " << tx_info.last_failed_id_hash << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction_pool_short() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/get_transaction_pool", "Problem fetching transaction pool"))
+  {
+    for (auto & tx_info : res.transactions)
+    {
+      if (res.transactions.empty())
+      {
+        tools::msg_writer() << "Pool is empty" << std::endl;
+      }
+      tools::msg_writer() << "id: " << tx_info.id_hash << std::endl
+                          <<  tx_info.tx_json << std::endl
+                          << "blob_size: " << tx_info.blob_size << std::endl
+                          << "fee: " << tx_info.fee << std::endl
+                          << "kept_by_block: " << tx_info.kept_by_block << std::endl
+                          << "max_used_block_height: " << tx_info.max_used_block_height << std::endl
+                          << "max_used_block_id: " << tx_info.max_used_block_id_hash << std::endl
+                          << "last_failed_height: " << tx_info.last_failed_height << std::endl
+                          << "last_failed_id: " << tx_info.last_failed_id_hash << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// TODO: update this for testnet
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::start_mining(cryptonote::account_public_address address, uint64_t num_threads) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response res;
+  req.miner_address = cryptonote::get_account_address_as_str(false, address);
+  req.threads_count = num_threads;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/start_mining", "Mining did not start"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Mining started";
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::stop_mining() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response res;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/stop_mining", "Mining did not stop"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Mining stopped";
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::stop_daemon()
+{
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response res;
+
+//# ifdef WIN32
+//    // Stop via service API
+//    // TODO - this is only temporary!  Get rid of hard-coded constants!
+//    bool ok = windows::stop_service("BitMonero Daemon");
+//    ok = windows::uninstall_service("BitMonero Daemon");
+//    //bool ok = windows::stop_service(SERVICE_NAME);
+//    //ok = windows::uninstall_service(SERVICE_NAME);
+//    if (ok)
+//    {
+//      return true;
+//    }
+//# endif
+
+  // Stop via RPC
+  if(m_rpc_client.rpc_request(req, res, "/stop_daemon", "Daemon did not stop"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Stop signal sent";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_status()
+{
+  bool daemon_is_alive = m_rpc_client.check_connection();
+
+  if(daemon_is_alive) {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "bitmonerod is running";
+  }
+  else {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "bitmonerod is NOT running";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit_up(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit_down(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}// namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1dc9cc76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/rpc_client.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_rpc_command_executor final {
+private:
+  tools::t_rpc_client m_rpc_client;
+public:
+  t_rpc_command_executor(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    );
+
+  bool print_peer_list();
+
+  bool save_blockchain();
+
+  bool show_hash_rate();
+
+  bool hide_hash_rate();
+
+  bool show_difficulty();
+
+  bool print_connections();
+
+  bool print_blockchain_info(uint64_t start_block_index, uint64_t end_block_index);
+
+  bool set_log_level(int8_t level);
+
+  bool print_height();
+
+  bool print_block_by_hash(crypto::hash block_hash);
+
+  bool print_block_by_height(uint64_t height);
+
+  bool print_transaction(crypto::hash transaction_hash);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_long();
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_short();
+
+  bool start_mining(cryptonote::account_public_address address, uint64_t num_threads);
+
+  bool stop_mining();
+
+  bool stop_daemon();
+
+  bool print_status();
+
+  bool set_limit(int limit);
+
+  bool set_limit_up(int limit);
+
+  bool set_limit_down(int limit);
+
+
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt b/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5830111c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+# permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+#    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+#    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+#    materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+#    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+#    prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+# THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+# STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+# THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if(MSVC OR MINGW)
+  set(daemonizer_sources
+    windows_service.cpp
+    windows_daemonizer.inl
+  )
+else()
+  set(daemonizer_sources
+    posix_fork.cpp
+    posix_daemonizer.inl
+  )
+endif()
+
+set(daemonizer_headers
+)
+
+if(MSVC OR MINGW)
+  set(daemonizer_private_headers
+    daemonizer.h
+    windows_service.h
+    windows_service_runner.h
+  )
+else()
+  set(daemonizer_private_headers
+    daemonizer.h
+    posix_fork.h
+  )
+endif()
+
+bitmonero_private_headers(daemonizer
+  ${daemonizer_private_headers})
+bitmonero_add_library(daemonizer
+  ${daemonizer_sources}
+  ${daemonizer_headers}
+  ${daemonizer_private_headers})
+target_link_libraries(daemonizer
+  LINK_PRIVATE
+    common
+    ${Boost_CHRONO_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_REGEX_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_THREAD_LIBRARY}
+    ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}
+    ${UPNP_LIBRARIES}
+    ${EXTRA_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h b/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6097a58f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    );
+
+  boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir();
+
+  boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+
+  /**
+   * @arg create_before_detach - this indicates that the daemon should be
+   * created before the fork, giving it a chance to report initialization
+   * errors.  At the time of this writing, this is not possible in the primary
+   * daemon (likely due to the size of the blockchain in memory).
+   */
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#  include "daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl"
+#else
+#  include "daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl"
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl b/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e06d43d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemonizer/posix_fork.h"
+
+#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  namespace
+  {
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_detach = {
+      "detach"
+    , "Run as daemon"
+    };
+  }
+
+  inline void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    )
+  {
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_detach);
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir()
+  {
+    return boost::filesystem::absolute(tools::get_default_data_dir());
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    return boost::filesystem::current_path();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  inline bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_detach))
+    {
+      auto daemon = executor.create_daemon(vm);
+      tools::success_msg_writer() << "Forking to background...";
+      posix::fork();
+      return daemon.run();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      //LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+      return executor.run_interactive(vm);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c068912ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2003-2011 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+
+#include "daemonizer/posix_fork.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+namespace posix {
+
+namespace {
+  void quit(std::string const & message)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR(message);
+    throw std::runtime_error(message);
+  }
+}
+
+void fork()
+{
+  // Fork the process and have the parent exit. If the process was started
+  // from a shell, this returns control to the user. Forking a new process is
+  // also a prerequisite for the subsequent call to setsid().
+  if (pid_t pid = ::fork())
+  {
+    if (pid > 0)
+    {
+      // We're in the parent process and need to exit.
+      //
+      // When the exit() function is used, the program terminates without
+      // invoking local variables' destructors. Only global variables are
+      // destroyed.
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      quit("First fork failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make the process a new session leader. This detaches it from the
+  // terminal.
+  setsid();
+
+  // A process inherits its working directory from its parent. This could be
+  // on a mounted filesystem, which means that the running daemon would
+  // prevent this filesystem from being unmounted. Changing to the root
+  // directory avoids this problem.
+  if (chdir("/") < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to change working directory to root");
+  }
+
+  // The file mode creation mask is also inherited from the parent process.
+  // We don't want to restrict the permissions on files created by the
+  // daemon, so the mask is cleared.
+  umask(0);
+
+  // A second fork ensures the process cannot acquire a controlling terminal.
+  if (pid_t pid = ::fork())
+  {
+    if (pid > 0)
+    {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      quit("Second fork failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Close the standard streams. This decouples the daemon from the terminal
+  // that started it.
+  close(0);
+  close(1);
+  close(2);
+
+  // We don't want the daemon to have any standard input.
+  if (open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to open /dev/null");
+  }
+
+  // Send standard output to a log file.
+  const char* output = "/tmp/bitmonero.daemon.stdout.stderr";
+  const int flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
+  const mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
+  if (open(output, flags, mode) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to open output file: " + std::string(output));
+  }
+
+  // Also send standard error to the same log file.
+  if (dup(1) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to dup output descriptor");
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace posix
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f099685e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+
+namespace posix {
+
+void fork();
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl b/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c099f4097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h"
+
+#include <shlobj.h>
+#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  namespace
+  {
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_install_service = {
+      "install-service"
+    , "Install Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_uninstall_service = {
+      "uninstall-service"
+    , "Uninstall Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_start_service = {
+      "start-service"
+    , "Start Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_stop_service = {
+      "stop-service"
+    , "Stop Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_is_service = {
+      "run-as-service"
+    , "Hidden -- true if running as windows service"
+    };
+
+    std::string get_argument_string(int argc, char const * argv[])
+    {
+      std::string result = "";
+      for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
+      {
+        result += " " + std::string{argv[i]};
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    )
+  {
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_install_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_uninstall_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_start_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_stop_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(hidden_options, arg_is_service);
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir()
+  {
+    bool admin;
+    if (!windows::check_admin(admin))
+    {
+      admin = false;
+    }
+    if (admin)
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::absolute(
+          tools::get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::absolute(
+          tools::get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME
+        );
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_is_service))
+    {
+      if (command_line::has_arg(vm, command_line::arg_data_dir))
+      {
+        return command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_data_dir);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return tools::get_default_data_dir();
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::current_path();
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  inline bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    std::string arguments = get_argument_string(argc, argv);
+
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_is_service))
+    {
+      // TODO - Set the service status here for return codes
+      windows::t_service_runner<typename T_executor::t_daemon>::run(
+        executor.name()
+      , executor.create_daemon(vm)
+      );
+      return true;
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_install_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        arguments += " --run-as-service";
+        return windows::install_service(executor.name(), arguments);
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_uninstall_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::uninstall_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_start_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::start_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_stop_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::stop_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else // interactive
+    {
+      //LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+      return executor.run_interactive(vm);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b0ee2ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <memory>
+#include <shellapi.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows {
+
+namespace {
+  typedef std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer<SC_HANDLE>::type, decltype(&::CloseServiceHandle)> service_handle;
+
+  std::string get_last_error()
+  {
+    LPSTR p_error_text = nullptr;
+
+    FormatMessage(
+      FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM
+    | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER
+    | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS
+    , nullptr
+    , GetLastError()
+    , MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT)
+    , reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&p_error_text)
+    , 0
+    , nullptr
+    );
+
+    if (nullptr == p_error_text)
+    {
+      return "";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return std::string{p_error_text};
+      LocalFree(p_error_text);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool relaunch_as_admin(
+      std::string const & command
+    , std::string const & arguments
+    )
+  {
+    SHELLEXECUTEINFO info{};
+    info.cbSize = sizeof(info);
+    info.lpVerb = "runas";
+    info.lpFile = command.c_str();
+    info.lpParameters = arguments.c_str();
+    info.hwnd = nullptr;
+    info.nShow = SW_SHOWNORMAL;
+    if (!ShellExecuteEx(&info))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Admin relaunch failed: " << get_last_error();
+      return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // When we relaunch as admin, Windows opens a new window.  This just pauses
+  // to allow the user to read any output.
+  void pause_to_display_admin_window_messages()
+  {
+    std::chrono::milliseconds how_long{1500};
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(how_long);
+  }
+}
+
+bool check_admin(bool & result)
+{
+  BOOL is_admin = FALSE;
+  PSID p_administrators_group = nullptr;
+
+  SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY nt_authority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;
+
+  if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(
+        &nt_authority
+      , 2
+      , SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID
+      , DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS
+      , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+      , &p_administrators_group
+      ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Security Identifier creation failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!CheckTokenMembership(
+        nullptr
+      , p_administrators_group
+      , &is_admin
+      ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Permissions check failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  result = is_admin ? true : false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ensure_admin(
+    std::string const & arguments
+  )
+{
+  bool admin;
+
+  if (!check_admin(admin))
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (admin)
+  {
+    return true;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    std::string command = epee::string_tools::get_current_module_path();
+    relaunch_as_admin(command, arguments);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool install_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  , std::string const & arguments
+  )
+{
+  std::string command = epee::string_tools::get_current_module_path();
+  std::string full_command = command + arguments;
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT | SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    CreateService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , 0
+      //, GENERIC_EXECUTE | GENERIC_READ
+      , SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
+      , SERVICE_DEMAND_START
+      , SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL
+      , full_command.c_str()
+      , nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , ""
+      //, "NT AUTHORITY\\LocalService"
+      , nullptr // Implies LocalSystem account
+      , nullptr
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't create service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service installed";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool start_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  tools::msg_writer() << "Starting service";
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS service_status = {};
+  DWORD unused = 0;
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      //, SERVICE_START | SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS
+      , SERVICE_START
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!StartService(
+      p_service.get()
+    , 0
+    , nullptr
+    ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Service start request failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service started";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool stop_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  tools::msg_writer() << "Stopping service";
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , SERVICE_STOP | SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS status = {};
+  if (!ControlService(p_service.get(), SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &status))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't request service stop: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service stopped";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool uninstall_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS | DELETE
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS status = {};
+  if (!DeleteService(p_service.get()))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't uninstall service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service uninstalled";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace windows
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f5fdcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows
+{
+  bool check_admin(bool & result);
+
+  bool ensure_admin(
+      std::string const & arguments
+    );
+
+  bool install_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    , std::string const & arguments
+    );
+
+  bool uninstall_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+
+  bool start_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+
+  bool stop_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h b/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79b10b136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows {
+  namespace
+  {
+    std::vector<char> vecstring(std::string const & str)
+    {
+      std::vector<char> result{str.begin(), str.end()};
+      result.push_back('\0');
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_handler>
+  class t_service_runner final
+  {
+  private:
+    SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE m_status_handle{nullptr};
+    SERVICE_STATUS m_status{};
+    std::mutex m_lock{};
+    std::string m_name;
+    T_handler m_handler;
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<t_service_runner<T_handler>> sp_instance;
+  public:
+    t_service_runner(
+        std::string name
+      , T_handler handler
+      )
+      : m_name{std::move(name)}
+      , m_handler{std::move(handler)}
+    {
+      m_status.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
+      m_status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
+      m_status.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
+      m_status.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
+      m_status.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = NO_ERROR;
+      m_status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
+      m_status.dwWaitHint = 0;
+    }
+
+    t_service_runner & operator=(t_service_runner && other)
+    {
+      if (this != &other)
+      {
+        m_status_handle = std::move(other.m_status_handle);
+        m_status = std::move(other.m_status);
+        m_name = std::move(other.m_name);
+        m_handler = std::move(other.m_handler);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    static void run(
+        std::string name
+      , T_handler handler
+      )
+    {
+      sp_instance.reset(new t_service_runner<T_handler>{
+        std::move(name)
+      , std::move(handler)
+      });
+
+      sp_instance->run_();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    void run_()
+    {
+      SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY table[] =
+      {
+        { vecstring(m_name).data(), &service_main }
+      , { 0, 0 }
+      };
+
+      StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(table);
+    }
+
+    void report_status(DWORD status)
+    {
+      m_status.dwCurrentState = status;
+      if (status == SERVICE_RUNNING)
+      {
+        m_status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN;
+      }
+      else if(status == SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
+      {
+        m_status.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
+      }
+      SetServiceStatus(m_status_handle, &m_status);
+    }
+
+    static void WINAPI service_main(DWORD argc, LPSTR * argv)
+    {
+      sp_instance->service_main_(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    void service_main_(DWORD argc, LPSTR * argv)
+    {
+      m_status_handle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(m_name.c_str(), &on_state_change_request);
+      if (m_status_handle == nullptr) return;
+
+      report_status(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
+
+      report_status(SERVICE_RUNNING);
+
+      m_handler.run();
+
+      on_state_change_request_(SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP);
+
+      // Ensure that the service is uninstalled
+      uninstall_service(m_name);
+    }
+
+    static void WINAPI on_state_change_request(DWORD control_code)
+    {
+      sp_instance->on_state_change_request_(control_code);
+    }
+
+    void on_state_change_request_(DWORD control_code)
+    {
+      switch (control_code)
+      {
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
+          report_status(SERVICE_STOP_PENDING);
+          m_handler.stop();
+          report_status(SERVICE_STOPPED);
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <typename T_handler>
+  std::unique_ptr<t_service_runner<T_handler>> t_service_runner<T_handler>::sp_instance;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mnemonics/english.h b/src/mnemonics/english.h
index e70849fda..fee428817 100644
--- a/src/mnemonics/english.h
+++ b/src/mnemonics/english.h
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ namespace Language
         "initiate",

         "injury",

         "inkling",

-        "incline",

+        "inline",

         "inmate",

         "innocent",

         "inorganic",

@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ namespace Language
         "ouch",

         "ought",

         "ounce",

-        "launchpad",

+        "ourselves",

         "oust",

         "outbreak",

         "oval",

diff --git a/src/p2p/net_node.h b/src/p2p/net_node.h
index 97fcd56c8..a778cd9e8 100644
--- a/src/p2p/net_node.h
+++ b/src/p2p/net_node.h
@@ -82,18 +82,16 @@ namespace nodetool
 
     node_server(
         t_payload_net_handler& payload_handler
-      , boost::uuids::uuid network_id
       )
       : m_payload_handler(payload_handler)
       , m_allow_local_ip(false)
       , m_hide_my_port(false)
-      , m_network_id(std::move(network_id))
     {}
 
     static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
 
     bool run();
-    bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+    bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
     bool deinit();
     bool send_stop_signal();
     uint32_t get_this_peer_port(){return m_listenning_port;}
diff --git a/src/p2p/net_node.inl b/src/p2p/net_node.inl
index ee4a10789..6ed861e10 100644
--- a/src/p2p/net_node.inl
+++ b/src/p2p/net_node.inl
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "net/local_ip.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto.h"
 #include "storages/levin_abstract_invoke2.h"
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
 
 // We have to look for miniupnpc headers in different places, dependent on if its compiled or external
 #ifdef UPNP_STATIC
@@ -241,16 +242,20 @@ namespace nodetool
 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   template<class t_payload_net_handler>
-  bool node_server<t_payload_net_handler>::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool node_server<t_payload_net_handler>::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
+    bool testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
     if (testnet)
     {
+      memcpy(&m_network_id, &::config::testnet::NETWORK_ID, 16);
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "107.152.187.202:28080");
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "197.242.158.240:28080");
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "107.152.130.98:28080");
     }
     else
     {
+      memcpy(&m_network_id, &::config::NETWORK_ID, 16);
       // for each hostname in the seed nodes list, attempt to DNS resolve and
       // add the result addresses as seed nodes
       // TODO: at some point add IPv6 support, but that won't be relevant
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
index 7a41e9b9f..93e1f7a88 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
@@ -40,29 +40,10 @@ using namespace epee;
 #include "misc_language.h"
 #include "crypto/hash.h"
 #include "core_rpc_server_error_codes.h"
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
 
 namespace cryptonote
 {
-  namespace
-  {
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_ip   = {
-        "rpc-bind-ip"
-      , "IP for RPC server"
-      , "127.0.0.1"
-      };
-
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_port = {
-        "rpc-bind-port"
-      , "Port for RPC server"
-      , std::to_string(config::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
-      };
-
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port = {
-        "testnet-rpc-bind-port"
-      , "Port for testnet RPC server"
-      , std::to_string(config::testnet::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
-      };
-  }
 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void core_rpc_server::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc)
@@ -75,11 +56,9 @@ namespace cryptonote
   core_rpc_server::core_rpc_server(
       core& cr
     , nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& p2p
-    , bool testnet
     )
     : m_core(cr)
     , m_p2p(p2p)
-    , m_testnet(testnet)
   {}
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool core_rpc_server::handle_command_line(
@@ -97,6 +76,8 @@ namespace cryptonote
       const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm
     )
   {
+    m_testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
     m_net_server.set_threads_prefix("RPC");
     bool r = handle_command_line(vm);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to process command line in core_rpc_server");
@@ -366,6 +347,75 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_peer_list(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  {
+    /*
+    std::list<nodetool::peerlist_entry> white_list;
+    std::list<nodetool::peerlist_entry> gray_list;
+    m_p2p.get_peerlist(white_list, gray_list);
+
+    for (auto & entry : white_list)
+    {
+      res.white_list.emplace_back(entry.id, entry.adr.ip, entry.adr.port, entry.last_seen);
+    }
+
+    for (auto & entry : gray_list)
+    {
+      res.gray_list.emplace_back(entry.id, entry.adr.ip, entry.adr.port, entry.last_seen);
+    }
+
+    */
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_set_log_hash_rate(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  {
+    if(m_core.get_miner().is_mining())
+    {
+      m_core.get_miner().do_print_hashrate(req.visible);
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_NOT_MINING;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_set_log_level(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  {
+    if (req.level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || req.level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
+    {
+      res.status = "Error: log level not valid";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      epee::log_space::log_singletone::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, req.level);
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_transaction_pool(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  {
+    /*
+    CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
+    res.transactions = m_core.transaction_pool_info();
+    */
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_stop_daemon(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  {
+    // FIXME: replace back to original m_p2p.send_stop_signal() after
+    // investigating why that isn't working quite right.
+    m_p2p.send_stop_signal();
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool core_rpc_server::on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
@@ -703,4 +753,23 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-}
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_ip   = {
+      "rpc-bind-ip"
+    , "IP for RPC server"
+    , "127.0.0.1"
+    };
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_port = {
+      "rpc-bind-port"
+    , "Port for RPC server"
+    , std::to_string(config::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
+    };
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port = {
+      "testnet-rpc-bind-port"
+    , "Port for testnet RPC server"
+    , std::to_string(config::testnet::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
+    };
+
+}  // namespace cryptonote
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
index cd9a0f162..aaddba44c 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 #include "p2p/net_node.h"
 #include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
 
+// yes, epee doesn't properly use its full namespace when calling its
+// functions from macros.  *sigh*
+using namespace epee;
+
 namespace cryptonote
 {
   /************************************************************************/
@@ -47,12 +51,16 @@ namespace cryptonote
   class core_rpc_server: public epee::http_server_impl_base<core_rpc_server>
   {
   public:
+
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_ip;
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_port;
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port;
+
     typedef epee::net_utils::connection_context_base connection_context;
 
     core_rpc_server(
         core& cr
       , nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& p2p
-      , bool testnet
       );
 
     static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
@@ -74,6 +82,12 @@ namespace cryptonote
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/stop_mining", on_stop_mining, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/mining_status", on_mining_status, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/save_bc", on_save_bc, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/get_peer_list", on_get_peer_list, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/set_log_hash_rate", on_set_log_hash_rate, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/set_log_level", on_set_log_level, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/get_transaction_pool", on_get_transaction_pool, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/get_transaction_pool", on_get_transaction_pool, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/stop_daemon", on_stop_daemon, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/getinfo", on_get_info, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO)
       BEGIN_JSON_RPC_MAP("/json_rpc")
         MAP_JON_RPC("getblockcount",             on_getblockcount,              COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT)
@@ -99,6 +113,11 @@ namespace cryptonote
     bool on_get_random_outs(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::response& res, connection_context& cntx);        
     bool on_get_info(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, connection_context& cntx);        
     bool on_save_bc(const COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_get_peer_list(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_set_log_hash_rate(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_set_log_level(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_get_transaction_pool(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_stop_daemon(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
     
     //json_rpc
     bool on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
index 9fea933cb..5cb547521 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
   //-----------------------------------------------
 #define CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK   "OK"
 #define CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY   "BUSY"
+#define CORE_RPC_STATUS_NOT_MINING "NOT MINING"
 
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT
   {
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
         KV_SERIALIZE(reward)
       END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
   };
-  
+
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER
   {
     struct request
@@ -510,6 +511,135 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
   };
 
+  struct peer {
+    uint64_t id;
+    uint32_t ip;
+    uint16_t port;
+    uint64_t last_seen;
+
+    peer() = default;
+
+    peer(uint64_t id, uint32_t ip, uint16_t port, uint64_t last_seen)
+      : id(id), ip(ip), port(port), last_seen(last_seen)
+    {}
+
+    BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      KV_SERIALIZE(id)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(ip)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(port)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_seen)
+    END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<peer> white_list;
+      std::vector<peer> gray_list;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(white_list)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(gray_list)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      bool visible;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(visible)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      int8_t level;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(level)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct tx_info
+  {
+    std::string id_hash;
+    std::string tx_json; // TODO - expose this data directly
+    uint64_t blob_size;
+    uint64_t fee;
+    std::string max_used_block_id_hash;
+    uint64_t max_used_block_height;
+    bool kept_by_block;
+    uint64_t last_failed_height;
+    std::string last_failed_id_hash;
+    uint64_t receive_time;
+
+    BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      KV_SERIALIZE(id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(tx_json)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(blob_size)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(fee)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(max_used_block_id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(max_used_block_height)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(kept_by_block)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_failed_height)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_failed_id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(receive_time)
+    END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+  };
+  
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<tx_info> transactions;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(transactions)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS
   {
     struct request
@@ -530,5 +660,48 @@ namespace cryptonote
     };
 
   };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      uint64_t start_height;
+      uint64_t end_height;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(start_height)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(end_height)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<block_header_responce> headers;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(headers)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
index f856e5b8a..e7940d57b 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
@@ -431,11 +431,13 @@ namespace tools
         {
           transfers_found = true;
         }
+        auto txBlob = t_serializable_object_to_blob(td.m_tx);
         wallet_rpc::transfer_details rpc_transfers;
         rpc_transfers.amount       = td.amount();
         rpc_transfers.spent        = td.m_spent;
         rpc_transfers.global_index = td.m_global_output_index;
         rpc_transfers.tx_hash      = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(cryptonote::get_transaction_hash(td.m_tx));
+        rpc_transfers.tx_size      = txBlob.size();
         res.transfers.push_back(rpc_transfers);
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server_commands_defs.h b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
index 44bb54c97..35783a189 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
@@ -228,12 +228,14 @@ namespace wallet_rpc
     bool spent;
     uint64_t global_index;
     std::string tx_hash;
+    uint64_t tx_size;
 
     BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
       KV_SERIALIZE(amount)
       KV_SERIALIZE(spent)
       KV_SERIALIZE(global_index)
       KV_SERIALIZE(tx_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(tx_size)
     END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
   };
 
diff --git a/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp b/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
index de8f45fc6..da77391c3 100644
--- a/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
+++ b/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<tests::proxy_core> cprotocol(pr_core, NULL);
   nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<tests::proxy_core> > p2psrv {
       cprotocol
-    , std::move(config::NETWORK_ID)
     };
   cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&p2psrv);
   //pr_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(&cprotocol);
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   //initialize objects
 
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing p2p server...");
-  bool res = p2psrv.init(vm, false);
+  bool res = p2psrv.init(vm);
   CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize p2p server.");
   LOG_PRINT_L0("P2p server initialized OK");
 
diff --git a/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h b/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
index d25a4f614..d187f36ca 100644
--- a/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
+++ b/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
@@ -487,7 +487,9 @@ inline bool do_replay_events(std::vector<test_event_entry>& events)
 
   cryptonote::cryptonote_protocol_stub pr; //TODO: stub only for this kind of test, make real validation of relayed objects
   cryptonote::core c(&pr);
-  if (!c.init(vm, false))
+  // FIXME: make sure that vm has arg_testnet_on set to true or false if
+  // this test needs for it to be so.
+  if (!c.init(vm))
   {
     std::cout << concolor::magenta << "Failed to init core" << concolor::normal << std::endl;
     return false;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CHANGES b/tests/gtest/CHANGES
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..055213242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+Changes for 1.7.0:
+
+* New feature: death tests are supported on OpenBSD and in iOS
+  simulator now.
+* New feature: Google Test now implements a protocol to allow
+  a test runner to detect that a test program has exited
+  prematurely and report it as a failure (before it would be
+  falsely reported as a success if the exit code is 0).
+* New feature: Test::RecordProperty() can now be used outside of the
+  lifespan of a test method, in which case it will be attributed to
+  the current test case or the test program in the XML report.
+* New feature (potentially breaking): --gtest_list_tests now prints
+  the type parameters and value parameters for each test.
+* Improvement: char pointers and char arrays are now escaped properly
+  in failure messages.
+* Improvement: failure summary in XML reports now includes file and
+  line information.
+* Improvement: the <testsuites> XML element now has a timestamp attribute.
+* Improvement: When --gtest_filter is specified, XML report now doesn't
+  contain information about tests that are filtered out.
+* Fixed the bug where long --gtest_filter flag values are truncated in
+  death tests.
+* Potentially breaking change: RUN_ALL_TESTS() is now implemented as a
+  function instead of a macro in order to work better with Clang.
+* Compatibility fixes with C++ 11 and various platforms.
+* Bug/warning fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.6.0:
+
+* New feature: ADD_FAILURE_AT() for reporting a test failure at the
+  given source location -- useful for writing testing utilities.
+* New feature: the universal value printer is moved from Google Mock
+  to Google Test.
+* New feature: type parameters and value parameters are reported in
+  the XML report now.
+* A gtest_disable_pthreads CMake option.
+* Colored output works in GNU Screen sessions now.
+* Parameters of value-parameterized tests are now printed in the
+  textual output.
+* Failures from ad hoc test assertions run before RUN_ALL_TESTS() are
+  now correctly reported.
+* Arguments of ASSERT_XY and EXPECT_XY no longer need to support << to
+  ostream.
+* More complete handling of exceptions.
+* GTEST_ASSERT_XY can be used instead of ASSERT_XY in case the latter
+  name is already used by another library.
+* --gtest_catch_exceptions is now true by default, allowing a test
+  program to continue after an exception is thrown.
+* Value-parameterized test fixtures can now derive from Test and
+  WithParamInterface<T> separately, easing conversion of legacy tests.
+* Death test messages are clearly marked to make them more
+  distinguishable from other messages.
+* Compatibility fixes for Android, Google Native Client, MinGW, HP UX,
+  PowerPC, Lucid autotools, libCStd, Sun C++, Borland C++ Builder (Code Gear),
+  IBM XL C++ (Visual Age C++), and C++0x.
+* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install'
+  command in autotools.
+
+Changes for 1.5.0:
+
+ * New feature: assertions can be safely called in multiple threads
+   where the pthreads library is available.
+ * New feature: predicates used inside EXPECT_TRUE() and friends
+   can now generate custom failure messages.
+ * New feature: Google Test can now be compiled as a DLL.
+ * New feature: fused source files are included.
+ * New feature: prints help when encountering unrecognized Google Test flags.
+ * Experimental feature: CMake build script (requires CMake 2.6.4+).
+ * Experimental feature: the Pump script for meta programming.
+ * double values streamed to an assertion are printed with enough precision
+   to differentiate any two different values.
+ * Google Test now works on Solaris and AIX.
+ * Build and test script improvements.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+ Potentially breaking changes:
+
+ * Stopped supporting VC++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled.
+ * Dropped support for 'make install'.
+
+Changes for 1.4.0:
+
+ * New feature: the event listener API
+ * New feature: test shuffling
+ * New feature: the XML report format is closer to junitreport and can
+   be parsed by Hudson now.
+ * New feature: when a test runs under Visual Studio, its failures are
+   integrated in the IDE.
+ * New feature: /MD(d) versions of VC++ projects.
+ * New feature: elapsed time for the tests is printed by default.
+ * New feature: comes with a TR1 tuple implementation such that Boost
+   is no longer needed for Combine().
+ * New feature: EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED macro and friends.
+ * New feature: the Xcode project can now produce static gtest
+   libraries in addition to a framework.
+ * Compatibility fixes for Solaris, Cygwin, minGW, Windows Mobile,
+   Symbian, gcc, and C++Builder.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.3.0:
+
+ * New feature: death tests on Windows, Cygwin, and Mac.
+ * New feature: ability to use Google Test assertions in other testing
+   frameworks.
+ * New feature: ability to run disabled test via
+   --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests.
+ * New feature: the --help flag for printing the usage.
+ * New feature: access to Google Test flag values in user code.
+ * New feature: a script that packs Google Test into one .h and one
+   .cc file for easy deployment.
+ * New feature: support for distributing test functions to multiple
+   machines (requires support from the test runner).
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.2.1:
+
+ * Compatibility fixes for Linux IA-64 and IBM z/OS.
+ * Added support for using Boost and other TR1 implementations.
+ * Changes to the build scripts to support upcoming release of Google C++
+   Mocking Framework.
+ * Added Makefile to the distribution package.
+ * Improved build instructions in README.
+
+Changes for 1.2.0:
+
+ * New feature: value-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: the ASSERT/EXPECT_(NON)FATAL_FAILURE(_ON_ALL_THREADS)
+   macros.
+ * Changed the XML report format to match JUnit/Ant's.
+ * Added tests to the Xcode project.
+ * Added scons/SConscript for building with SCons.
+ * Added src/gtest-all.cc for building Google Test from a single file.
+ * Fixed compatibility with Solaris and z/OS.
+ * Enabled running Python tests on systems with python 2.3 installed,
+   e.g. Mac OS X 10.4.
+ * Bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.1.0:
+
+ * New feature: type-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: exception assertions.
+ * New feature: printing elapsed time of tests.
+ * Improved the robustness of death tests.
+ * Added an Xcode project and samples.
+ * Adjusted the output format on Windows to be understandable by Visual Studio.
+ * Minor bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.0.1:
+
+ * Added project files for Visual Studio 7.1.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Mac OS X.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Cygwin.
+
+Changes for 1.0.0:
+
+ * Initial Open Source release of Google Test
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
index 0fe26540b..bd78cfe67 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ include_directories(
 # Where Google Test's libraries can be found.
 link_directories(${gtest_BINARY_DIR}/src)
 
+# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio:
+# Compiler    version(MS)  version(cmake)  Support
+# ----------  -----------  --------------  -----------------------------
+# <= VS 2010  <= 10        <= 1600         Use Google Tests's own tuple.
+# VS 2012     11           1700            std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10
+# VS 2013     12           1800            std::tr1::tuple
+if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
+  add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10)
+endif()
+
 ########################################################################
 #
 # Defines the gtest & gtest_main libraries.  User tests should link
@@ -77,7 +87,7 @@ target_link_libraries(gtest_main gtest)
 #
 # They are not built by default.  To build them, set the
 # gtest_build_samples option to ON.  You can do it by running ccmake
-# or specifying the -Dbuild_gtest_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
+# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
 
 if (gtest_build_samples)
   cxx_executable(sample1_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
@@ -124,6 +134,8 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
     test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
   cxx_test(gtest-port_test gtest_main)
   cxx_test(gtest_pred_impl_unittest gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_premature_exit_test gtest
+    test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc)
   cxx_test(gtest-printers_test gtest_main)
   cxx_test(gtest_prod_test gtest_main
     test/production.cc)
@@ -140,10 +152,13 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   ############################################################
   # C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
 
-  cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    src/gtest-all.cc)
-  cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc)
+    cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+  endif()
   cxx_library(gtest_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
     src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
 
@@ -166,12 +181,10 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
                         PROPERTIES
                         COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
 
-  if (NOT MSVC OR NOT MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1600)
-    # The C++ Standard specifies tuple_element<int, class>.
-    # Yet MSVC 10's <utility> declares tuple_element<size_t, class>.
-    # That declaration conflicts with our own standard-conforming
-    # tuple implementation.  Therefore using our own tuple with
-    # MSVC 10 doesn't compile.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600)  # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010.
+    # Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that
+    # conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not
+    # work on those compilers.
     cxx_library(gtest_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
       src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
 
@@ -189,11 +202,15 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   cxx_executable(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest)
 
-  cxx_executable_with_flags(
-    gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
-    "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    gtest_main_no_exception
-    test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  # Visual Studio .NET 2003 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)  # 1310 is Visual Studio .NET 2003
+    cxx_executable_with_flags(
+      gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
+      "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      gtest_main_no_exception
+      test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  endif()
+
   cxx_executable_with_flags(
     gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_
     "${cxx_exception}"
@@ -222,11 +239,14 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   cxx_executable(gtest_shuffle_test_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_shuffle_test)
 
-  cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
-  set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
-    PROPERTIES
-    COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
-  py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
+    set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
+    py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
+  endif()
 
   cxx_executable(gtest_uninitialized_test_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_uninitialized_test)
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS b/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feae2fc04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This file contains a list of people who've made non-trivial
+# contribution to the Google C++ Testing Framework project.  People
+# who commit code to the project are encouraged to add their names
+# here.  Please keep the list sorted by first names.
+
+Ajay Joshi <jaj@google.com>
+Balázs Dán <balazs.dan@gmail.com>
+Bharat Mediratta <bharat@menalto.com>
+Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@google.com>
+Chris Prince <cprince@google.com>
+Chris Taylor <taylorc@google.com>
+Dan Egnor <egnor@google.com>
+Eric Roman <eroman@chromium.org>
+Hady Zalek <hady.zalek@gmail.com>
+Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
+Jói Sigurðsson <joi@google.com>
+Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
+Keith Ray <keith.ray@gmail.com>
+Kenton Varda <kenton@google.com>
+Manuel Klimek <klimek@google.com>
+Markus Heule <markus.heule@gmail.com>
+Mika Raento <mikie@iki.fi>
+Miklós Fazekas <mfazekas@szemafor.com>
+Pasi Valminen <pasi.valminen@gmail.com>
+Patrick Hanna <phanna@google.com>
+Patrick Riley <pfr@google.com>
+Peter Kaminski <piotrk@google.com>
+Preston Jackson <preston.a.jackson@gmail.com>
+Rainer Klaffenboeck <rainer.klaffenboeck@dynatrace.com>
+Russ Cox <rsc@google.com>
+Russ Rufer <russ@pentad.com>
+Sean Mcafee <eefacm@gmail.com>
+Sigurður Ásgeirsson <siggi@google.com>
+Tracy Bialik <tracy@pentad.com>
+Vadim Berman <vadimb@google.com>
+Vlad Losev <vladl@google.com>
+Zhanyong Wan <wan@google.com>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/LICENSE b/tests/gtest/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1941a11f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/README b/tests/gtest/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..404bf3b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/README
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+Google C++ Testing Framework
+============================
+
+http://code.google.com/p/googletest/
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Google's framework for writing C++ tests on a variety of platforms
+(Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc).  Based on the
+xUnit architecture.  Supports automatic test discovery, a rich set of
+assertions, user-defined assertions, death tests, fatal and non-fatal
+failures, various options for running the tests, and XML test report
+generation.
+
+Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
+mailing list for questions, discussions, and development.  There is
+also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.  Please
+join us!
+
+Requirements for End Users
+--------------------------
+
+Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build
+and use with your projects, but there are some.  Currently, we support
+Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Cygwin.  We will also make our best
+effort to support other platforms (e.g. Solaris, AIX, and z/OS).
+However, since core members of the Google Test project have no access
+to these platforms, Google Test may have outstanding issues there.  If
+you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.  Patches for fixing them are
+even more welcome!
+
+### Linux Requirements ###
+
+These are the base requirements to build and use Google Test from a source
+package (as described below):
+  * GNU-compatible Make or gmake
+  * POSIX-standard shell
+  * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
+  * A C++98-standard-compliant compiler
+
+### Windows Requirements ###
+
+  * Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 or newer
+
+### Cygwin Requirements ###
+
+  * Cygwin 1.5.25-14 or newer
+
+### Mac OS X Requirements ###
+
+  * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
+  * Developer Tools Installed
+
+Also, you'll need CMake 2.6.4 or higher if you want to build the
+samples using the provided CMake script, regardless of the platform.
+
+Requirements for Contributors
+-----------------------------
+
+We welcome patches.  If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
+build Google Test and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described
+below), which has further requirements:
+
+  * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
+    re-generating certain source files from templates)
+  * CMake 2.6.4 or newer
+
+Getting the Source
+------------------
+
+There are two primary ways of getting Google Test's source code: you
+can download a stable source release in your preferred archive format,
+or directly check out the source from our Subversion (SVN) repository.
+The SVN checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
+packages on your system, but lets you track the latest development and
+make patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
+
+### Source Package ###
+
+Google Test is released in versioned source packages which can be
+downloaded from the download page [1].  Several different archive
+formats are provided, but the only difference is the tools used to
+manipulate them, and the size of the resulting file.  Download
+whichever you are most comfortable with.
+
+  [1] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/downloads/list
+
+Once the package is downloaded, expand it using whichever tools you
+prefer for that type.  This will result in a new directory with the
+name "gtest-X.Y.Z" which contains all of the source code.  Here are
+some examples on Linux:
+
+  tar -xvzf gtest-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
+  tar -xvjf gtest-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
+  unzip gtest-X.Y.Z.zip
+
+### SVN Checkout ###
+
+To check out the main branch (also known as the "trunk") of Google
+Test, run the following Subversion command:
+
+  svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gtest-svn
+
+Setting up the Build
+--------------------
+
+To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
+build system where to find its headers and source files.  The exact
+way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
+straightforward.
+
+### Generic Build Instructions ###
+
+Suppose you put Google Test in directory ${GTEST_DIR}.  To build it,
+create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
+and Xcode) to compile
+
+  ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+
+with ${GTEST_DIR}/include in the system header search path and ${GTEST_DIR}
+in the normal header search path.  Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
+something like the following will do:
+
+  g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
+      -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+  ar -rv libgtest.a gtest-all.o
+
+(We need -pthread as Google Test uses threads.)
+
+Next, you should compile your test source file with
+${GTEST_DIR}/include in the system header search path, and link it
+with gtest and any other necessary libraries:
+
+  g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
+      -o your_test
+
+As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
+use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available
+(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin).  It doesn't try to build Google
+Test's own tests.  Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and
+a sample test.  You can use it as a starting point for your own build
+script.
+
+If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
+following commands should succeed:
+
+  cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
+  make
+  ./sample1_unittest
+
+If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make
+them go away.  There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do
+it.
+
+### Using CMake ###
+
+Google Test comes with a CMake build script (CMakeLists.txt) that can
+be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for cross-platform.).
+If you don't have CMake installed already, you can download it for
+free from http://www.cmake.org/.
+
+CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can
+be used in the compiler environment of your choice.  The typical
+workflow starts with:
+
+  mkdir mybuild       # Create a directory to hold the build output.
+  cd mybuild
+  cmake ${GTEST_DIR}  # Generate native build scripts.
+
+If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the
+last command with
+
+  cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+If you are on a *nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the
+current directory.  Just type 'make' to build gtest.
+
+If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a gtest.sln file
+and several .vcproj files will be created.  You can then build them
+using Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a .xcodeproj file will be generated.
+
+### Legacy Build Scripts ###
+
+Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
+projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools.  While we
+continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively
+maintained any more.  We highly recommend that you follow the
+instructions in the previous two sections to integrate Google Test
+with your existing build system.
+
+If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
+
+The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects.
+Open the gtest.sln or gtest-md.sln file using Visual Studio, and you
+are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual
+Studio project.  Files that have names ending with -md use DLL
+versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler
+option).  Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime
+libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option).  Please note that one must use
+the same option to compile both gtest and the test code.  If you use
+Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is
+the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X, open the gtest.xcodeproj in the xcode/ folder using
+Xcode.  Build the "gtest" target.  The universal binary framework will
+end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode
+"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build).
+Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
+
+  xcodebuild
+
+This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your
+default build location.  See the "xcodebuild" man page for more
+information about building different configurations and building in
+different locations.
+
+If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and
+above, you need to either:
+ * update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
+   Comment options SDKROOT, MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, and GCC_VERSION. If
+   you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions
+   of MacOS X.
+ * Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be
+   supported by Apple, but has been reported to work
+   (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
+
+Tweaking Google Test
+--------------------
+
+Google Test can be used in diverse environments.  The default
+configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
+some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Test by
+defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,
+these macros are named like GTEST_XYZ and you define them to either 1
+or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
+
+We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,
+see file include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h.
+
+### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
+
+Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1)
+tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers.  The
+good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's
+enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the
+compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
+
+Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
+uses.  However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to
+tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your
+project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash.  To do
+that, add
+
+  -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests.  If
+you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
+
+  -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
+
+to the compiler flags instead.
+
+If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+and all features using tuple will be disabled.
+
+### Multi-threaded Tests ###
+
+Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available.
+After #include "gtest/gtest.h", you can check the GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is #defined to
+1, no if it's undefined.).
+
+If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available
+in your environment, you can force it with
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+
+or
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+
+When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your
+compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get
+link errors.  If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools
+script, this is taken care of for you.  If you use your own build
+script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to
+figure out what flags to add.
+
+### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
+
+Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a
+static library for the simplicity.  You can choose to use Google Test
+as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
+
+To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
+
+  -DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.  You'll also need to tell the linker to produce
+a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do
+it.
+
+To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
+
+  -DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.
+
+Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when
+using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the
+future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see
+http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility for details).  Therefore you are
+recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a
+shared library.  Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break
+your build script.
+
+### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ###
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you #include both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+FOO, you can add
+
+  -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from FOO to GTEST_FOO.  Currently FOO can be FAIL, SUCCEED, or TEST.
+For example, with -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1, you'll need to write
+
+  GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+instead of
+
+  TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+in order to define a test.
+
+Upgrating from an Earlier Version
+---------------------------------
+
+We strive to keep Google Test releases backward compatible.
+Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
+users' long-term benefits.  This section describes what you'll need to
+do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Test.
+
+### Upgrading from 1.3.0 or Earlier ###
+
+You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
+tuple library.  See the instructions in section "Choosing a TR1 Tuple
+Library".
+
+### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
+
+The Autotools build script (configure + make) is no longer officially
+supportted.  You are encouraged to migrate to your own build system or
+use CMake.  If you still need to use Autotools, you can find
+instructions in the README file from Google Test 1.4.0.
+
+On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test uses
+it in order to be thread-safe.  See the "Multi-threaded Tests" section
+for what this means to your build script.
+
+If you use Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled, Google
+Test will no longer compile.  This should affect very few people, as a
+large portion of STL (including <string>) doesn't compile in this mode
+anyway.  We decided to stop supporting it in order to greatly simplify
+Google Test's implementation.
+
+Developing Google Test
+----------------------
+
+This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
+
+### Testing Google Test Itself ###
+
+To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
+functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
+For that you can use CMake:
+
+  mkdir mybuild
+  cd mybuild
+  cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
+are written in Python.  If the cmake command complains about not being
+able to find Python ("Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
+PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)"), try telling it explicitly where your Python
+executable can be found:
+
+  cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests.  On *nix,
+this is usually done by 'make'.  To run the tests, do
+
+  make test
+
+All tests should pass.
+
+### Regenerating Source Files ###
+
+Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not
+in the C++ sense) using a script.  A template file is named FOO.pump,
+where FOO is the name of the file it will generate.  For example, the
+file include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate
+gtest-type-util.h in the same directory.
+
+Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
+unless you need to modify them.  In that case, you should modify the
+corresponding .pump files instead and run the pump.py Python script to
+regenerate them.  You can find pump.py in the scripts/ directory.
+Read the Pump manual [2] for how to use it.
+
+  [2] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual
+
+### Contributing a Patch ###
+
+We welcome patches.  Please read the Google Test developer's guide [3]
+for how you can contribute.  In particular, make sure you have signed
+the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
+patch.
+
+  [3] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestDevGuide
+
+Happy testing!
diff --git a/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake b/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
index 7efc2ac79..93e6dbb7c 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
+++ b/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ macro(fix_default_compiler_settings_)
 
       # We prefer more strict warning checking for building Google Test.
       # Replaces /W3 with /W4 in defaults.
-      string(REPLACE "/W3" "-W4" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+      string(REPLACE "/W3" "/W4" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
     endforeach()
   endif()
 endmacro()
@@ -55,7 +55,32 @@ macro(config_compiler_and_linker)
   if (MSVC)
     # Newlines inside flags variables break CMake's NMake generator.
     # TODO(vladl@google.com): Add -RTCs and -RTCu to debug builds.
-    set(cxx_base_flags "-GS -W4 -WX -wd4127 -wd4251 -wd4275 -nologo -J -Zi")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-GS -W4 -WX -wd4251 -wd4275 -nologo -J -Zi")
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1400)  # 1400 is Visual Studio 2005
+      # Suppress spurious warnings MSVC 7.1 sometimes issues.
+      # Forcing value to bool.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4800")
+      # Copy constructor and assignment operator could not be generated.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4511 -wd4512")
+      # Compatibility warnings not applicable to Google Test.
+      # Resolved overload was found by argument-dependent lookup.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4675")
+    endif()
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1500)  # 1500 is Visual Studio 2008
+      # Conditional expression is constant.
+      # When compiling with /W4, we get several instances of C4127
+      # (Conditional expression is constant). In our code, we disable that
+      # warning on a case-by-case basis. However, on Visual Studio 2005,
+      # the warning fires on std::list. Therefore on that compiler and earlier,
+      # we disable the warning project-wide.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4127")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1700))  # 1700 is Visual Studio 2012.
+      # Suppress "unreachable code" warning on VS 2012 and later.
+      # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3232669 explains the issue.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4702")
+    endif()
+
     set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -D_UNICODE -DUNICODE -DWIN32 -D_WIN32")
     set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -DSTRICT -DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN")
     set(cxx_exception_flags "-EHsc -D_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1")
@@ -69,7 +94,8 @@ macro(config_compiler_and_linker)
     # whether RTTI is enabled.  Therefore we define GTEST_HAS_RTTI
     # explicitly.
     set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-fno-rtti -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0")
-    set(cxx_strict_flags "-Wextra")
+    set(cxx_strict_flags
+      "-Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers")
   elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "SunPro")
     set(cxx_exception_flags "-features=except")
     # Sun Pro doesn't provide macros to indicate whether exceptions and
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index a27883f0a..957a69c6a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -51,6 +51,17 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // The following macros are useful for writing death tests.
 
 // Here's what happens when an ASSERT_DEATH* or EXPECT_DEATH* is
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 //   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 //     EXPECT_DEATH(server.ProcessRequest(i),
 //                  "Invalid request .* in ProcessRequest()")
-//         << "Failed to die on request " << i);
+//                  << "Failed to die on request " << i;
 //   }
 //
 //   ASSERT_EXIT(server.ExitNow(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Exiting");
@@ -245,10 +256,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 # ifdef NDEBUG
 
 #  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 #  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 # else
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
index 9b7142f32..fe879bca7 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
+// See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
+void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -87,15 +90,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
  public:
   // Constructs an empty Message.
-  // We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
-  // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
-  // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
-  // the stack space.
-  Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
-    // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
-    // a double to a Message.
-    *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
-  }
+  Message();
 
   // Copy constructor.
   Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
@@ -118,7 +113,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
   template <typename T>
   inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), val);
+    // Some libraries overload << for STL containers.  These
+    // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
+    //
+    // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
+    // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
+    // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
+    // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
+    //
+    // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
+    // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
+    // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
+    // from the global namespace.  With this using declaration,
+    // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
+    // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << val;
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +150,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
     return *this;
   }
@@ -164,12 +174,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
   // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
   // using the UTF-8 encoding.
-  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
-  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
+  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
   // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
@@ -183,13 +189,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
-  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as a String.
+  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
   // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::String GetString() const {
-    return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
-  }
+  std::string GetString() const;
 
  private:
 
@@ -199,16 +203,20 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
   // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*dummy*/, T* pointer) {
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
   }
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*dummy*/, const T& value) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), value);
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
+                           const T& value) {
+    // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
+    // we need this using statement.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << value;
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
@@ -225,6 +233,18 @@ inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
   return os << sb.GetString();
 }
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Converts a streamable value to an std::string.  A NULL pointer is
+// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
+// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
+// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
+template <typename T>
+std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
+  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index 6407cfd68..d6702c8f1 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
index 401cb513a..2dc9303b5 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
index 9cbab3ff4..18ee7bc64 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
@@ -480,14 +484,16 @@ inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
-// which are packed as tuples.
-
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
 // a tuple type.
 template <typename T>
 void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
+// which are packed as tuples.
 
 // Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities.  We support
 // tuples of up-to 10 fields.  The following implementation works
@@ -561,6 +567,13 @@ void PrintTo(
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tuple<Types...>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
 // Overload for std::pair.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -580,10 +593,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name
   // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the
@@ -600,9 +610,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter {
     PrintTo(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
@@ -630,9 +638,12 @@ void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
   }
 }
 // This overload prints a (const) char array compactly.
-GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin,
-                                    size_t len,
-                                    ::std::ostream* os);
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// This overload prints a (const) wchar_t array compactly.
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
 
 // Implements printing an array type T[N].
 template <typename T, size_t N>
@@ -651,10 +662,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
     // Prints the address of the value.  We use reinterpret_cast here
@@ -665,27 +673,78 @@ class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
     UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value
 // (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the
 // NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed.
+
 template <typename T>
-void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrint(value, os);
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+class UniversalTersePrinter {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalTersePrint(static_cast<const char*>(str), os);
+};
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T&> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T (&value)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrinter<T[N]>::Print(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const char*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(::std::wstring(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
 // Prints a value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The
@@ -694,19 +753,71 @@ inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
 // NUL-terminated string.
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
+  // A workarond for the bug in VC++ 7.1 that prevents us from instantiating
+  // UniversalPrinter with T directly.
+  typedef T T1;
+  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
 
+// TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
+// - tuple_size
+//     size of tuple TupleT.
+// - get<size_t I>(const TupleT& t)
+//     static function extracting element I of tuple TupleT.
+// - tuple_element<size_t I>::type
+//     type of element I of tuple TupleT.
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy {
+  typedef TupleT Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static typename AddReference<
+      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename TupleT>
+const size_t TuplePolicy<TupleT>::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+struct TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> > {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<Types...> Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static const typename ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type& get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename... Types>
+const size_t TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> >::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and
 // UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by
 // induction on the number of tuple fields.  The idea is that
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N
 // fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>.
-
+//
 // The inductive case.
 template <size_t N>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
@@ -714,9 +825,14 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
-    *os << ", ";
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<N - 1, Tuple>::type>
-        ::Print(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), os);
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+    if (N > 1) {
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+      *os << ", ";
+    }
+    UniversalPrinter<
+        typename TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template tuple_element<N - 1>::type>
+        ::Print(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), os);
   }
 
   // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector,
@@ -725,12 +841,12 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings);
     ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
+    UniversalTersePrint(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
     strings->push_back(ss.str());
   }
 };
 
-// Base cases.
+// Base case.
 template <>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
   template <typename Tuple>
@@ -739,34 +855,13 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {}
 };
-// We have to specialize the entire TuplePrefixPrinter<> class
-// template here, even though the definition of
-// TersePrintPrefixToStrings() is the same as the generic version, as
-// Embarcadero (formerly CodeGear, formerly Borland) C++ doesn't
-// support specializing a method template of a class template.
-template <>
-struct TuplePrefixPrinter<1> {
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<0, Tuple>::type>::
-        Print(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), os);
-  }
 
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
-    ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), &ss);
-    strings->push_back(ss.str());
-  }
-};
-
-// Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
-// a tuple type.
-template <typename T>
-void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+// Helper function for printing a tuple.
+// Tuple must be either std::tr1::tuple or std::tuple type.
+template <typename Tuple>
+void PrintTupleTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
   *os << "(";
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<T>::value>::
-      PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
   *os << ")";
 }
 
@@ -776,18 +871,18 @@ void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
 template <typename Tuple>
 Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
   Strings result;
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value>::
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::
       TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result);
   return result;
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 template <typename T>
 ::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
-  internal::UniversalTersePrint(value, &ss);
+  internal::UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
   return ss.str();
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
index b226e5504..f63fa9a1b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
         (substr));\
     {\
       ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS,\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
           &gtest_failures);\
       if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
     }\
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
index 8aeea1498..77eb84483 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
                  int a_line_number,
                  const char* a_message)
       : type_(a_type),
-        file_name_(a_file_name),
+        file_name_(a_file_name == NULL ? "" : a_file_name),
         line_number_(a_line_number),
         summary_(ExtractSummary(a_message)),
         message_(a_message) {
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
 
   // Gets the name of the source file where the test part took place, or
   // NULL if it's unknown.
-  const char* file_name() const { return file_name_.c_str(); }
+  const char* file_name() const {
+    return file_name_.empty() ? NULL : file_name_.c_str();
+  }
 
   // Gets the line in the source file where the test part took place,
   // or -1 if it's unknown.
@@ -96,21 +98,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
 
   // Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
   bool fatally_failed() const { return type_ == kFatalFailure; }
+
  private:
   Type type_;
 
   // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack
   // trace in it.
-  static internal::String ExtractSummary(const char* message);
+  static std::string ExtractSummary(const char* message);
 
   // The name of the source file where the test part took place, or
-  // NULL if the source file is unknown.
-  internal::String file_name_;
+  // "" if the source file is unknown.
+  std::string file_name_;
   // The line in the source file where the test part took place, or -1
   // if the line number is unknown.
   int line_number_;
-  internal::String summary_;  // The test failure summary.
-  internal::String message_;  // The test failure message.
+  std::string summary_;  // The test failure summary.
+  std::string message_;  // The test failure message.
 };
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index 1e5154715..71d552e1a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
@@ -69,14 +70,14 @@
 // class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
 // has a different implementation.
 //
-// The user can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
+// You can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
 // ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
 // define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
 //
-// If the user's ::std::string and ::string are the same class due to
-// aliasing, he should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
+// If ::std::string and ::string are the same class on your platform
+// due to aliasing, you should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
 //
-// If the user doesn't define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
+// If you do not define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
 // heuristically.
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -153,25 +154,15 @@ class ExecDeathTest;
 class NoExecDeathTest;
 class FinalSuccessChecker;
 class GTestFlagSaver;
+class StreamingListenerTest;
 class TestResultAccessor;
 class TestEventListenersAccessor;
 class TestEventRepeater;
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
 class WindowsDeathTest;
 class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared in gtest-internal.h but defined here, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
-  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
-}
+                                    const std::string& message);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -267,8 +258,31 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   // Copy constructor.
   // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
   AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
+
   // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
-  explicit AssertionResult(bool success) : success_(success) {}
+  //
+  // T must be contextually convertible to bool.
+  //
+  // The second parameter prevents this overload from being considered if
+  // the argument is implicitly convertible to AssertionResult. In that case
+  // we want AssertionResult's copy constructor to be used.
+  template <typename T>
+  explicit AssertionResult(
+      const T& success,
+      typename internal::EnableIf<
+          !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, AssertionResult>::value>::type*
+          /*enabler*/ = NULL)
+      : success_(success) {}
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
+    swap(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
 
   // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
   operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
@@ -309,6 +323,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
     message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
   }
 
+  // Swap the contents of this AssertionResult with other.
+  void swap(AssertionResult& other);
+
   // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
   bool success_;
   // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
@@ -316,8 +333,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
   // with test assertions.
   internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AssertionResult);
 };
 
 // Makes a successful assertion result.
@@ -344,8 +359,8 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
-//     virtual void SetUp() { ... }
-//     virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+//     void SetUp() override { ... }
+//     void TearDown() override { ... }
 //     ...
 //   };
 //
@@ -391,20 +406,21 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
   // non-fatal) failure.
   static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
 
-  // Logs a property for the current test.  Only the last value for a given
-  // key is remembered.
-  // These are public static so they can be called from utility functions
-  // that are not members of the test fixture.
-  // The arguments are const char* instead strings, as Google Test is used
-  // on platforms where string doesn't compile.
-  //
-  // Note that a driving consideration for these RecordProperty methods
-  // was to produce xml output suited to the Greenspan charting utility,
-  // which at present will only chart values that fit in a 32-bit int. It
-  // is the user's responsibility to restrict their values to 32-bit ints
-  // if they intend them to be used with Greenspan.
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value);
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, int value);
+  // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
+  // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
+  // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
+  // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
+  // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
+  // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
+  // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
+  // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
+  // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
+  // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
+  // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
+  // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
+  // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
 
  protected:
   // Creates a Test object.
@@ -439,17 +455,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
   // Uses a GTestFlagSaver to save and restore all Google Test flags.
   const internal::GTestFlagSaver* const gtest_flag_saver_;
 
-  // Often a user mis-spells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
+  // Often a user misspells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
   // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
   // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
   // compile time:
   //
   //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
-  //   will be a conflict if a user declares void Setup() in his test
-  //   fixture.
+  //   will be a conflict if void Setup() is declared in the user's
+  //   test fixture.
   //
   //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
-  //   if a user calls it from his test fixture.
+  //   if the method is called from the user's test fixture.
   //
   // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
   //
@@ -473,7 +489,7 @@ class TestProperty {
   // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
   // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
   // TestProperty object.
-  TestProperty(const char* a_key, const char* a_value) :
+  TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
     key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
   }
 
@@ -488,15 +504,15 @@ class TestProperty {
   }
 
   // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
-  void SetValue(const char* new_value) {
+  void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
     value_ = new_value;
   }
 
  private:
   // The key supplied by the user.
-  internal::String key_;
+  std::string key_;
   // The value supplied by the user.
-  internal::String value_;
+  std::string value_;
 };
 
 // The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
@@ -547,6 +563,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
 
  private:
   friend class TestInfo;
+  friend class TestCase;
   friend class UnitTest;
   friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
   friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
@@ -571,13 +588,16 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
   // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
   // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
   // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
-  // key.
-  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
+  // recorded and is used for validation.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                      const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
   // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
   // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
-  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                   const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a test part result to the list.
   void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
@@ -650,9 +670,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not disabled
-  // (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has been specified)
-  // and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
+  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
+  // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
+  // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
   //
   // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
   // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
@@ -668,22 +688,28 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
-  // Returns true if the test was filtered out by --gtest_filter
-  bool filtered_out() const { return !matches_filter_; }
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  bool is_reportable() const {
+    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
+    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
+    // sharding.
+    return matches_filter_;
+  }
 
   // Returns the result of the test.
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
-
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-      const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+      const char* test_case_name,
+      const char* name,
       const char* type_param,
       const char* value_param,
       internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -693,9 +719,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
 
   // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
   // ownership of the factory object.
-  TestInfo(const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
-           const char* a_type_param,
-           const char* a_value_param,
+  TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
+           const std::string& name,
+           const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
+           const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
            internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
            internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
@@ -775,18 +802,21 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   // Returns true if any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
-  // Returns true if this test case should be skipped in the report.
-  bool should_skip_report() const { return should_skip_report_; }
-
   // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
@@ -806,6 +836,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
+  // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
+
  private:
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
@@ -824,7 +858,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
 
   // Sets the should_run member.
   void set_should_run(bool should) { should_run_ = should; }
-  void set_should_skip_report(bool should) { should_skip_report_ = should; }
 
   // Adds a TestInfo to this test case.  Will delete the TestInfo upon
   // destruction of the TestCase object.
@@ -859,11 +892,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
+  // report.
+  static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
+  }
+
   // Returns true iff test is disabled.
   static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_disabled_;
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable();
+  }
+
   // Returns true if the given test should run.
   static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run();
@@ -876,7 +920,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   void UnshuffleTests();
 
   // Name of the test case.
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
@@ -893,17 +937,18 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
   // True iff any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run_;
-  // True if this test case should not be reported
-  bool should_skip_report_;
   // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+  // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
+  // TearDownTestCase.
+  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestCases.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
 };
 
 // An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
-// environment.  The user should subclass this to define his own
+// environment.  You should subclass this to define your own
 // environment(s).
 //
 // An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
@@ -1116,11 +1161,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
 
   // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestCase* current_test_case() const;
+  const TestCase* current_test_case() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const;
+  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
   int random_seed() const;
@@ -1130,7 +1177,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry();
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Gets the number of successful test cases.
@@ -1152,15 +1200,25 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
 
@@ -1175,6 +1233,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+  // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
+
   // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
   // inside Google Test.
   TestEventListeners& listeners();
@@ -1198,12 +1260,16 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                          const char* file_name,
                          int line_number,
-                         const internal::String& message,
-                         const internal::String& os_stack_trace);
+                         const std::string& message,
+                         const std::string& os_stack_trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
-  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object. If the result already
-  // contains a property with the same key, the value will be updated.
-  void RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key, const char* value);
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+  // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+  // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+  // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+  // the same key, the value will be updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
@@ -1218,11 +1284,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::AssertHelper;
   friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
   friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
   friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
   friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
       TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-      const internal::String& message);
+      const std::string& message);
 
   // Creates an empty UnitTest.
   UnitTest();
@@ -1232,10 +1300,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
 
   // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
   // Google Test trace stack.
-  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace);
+  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-  void PopGTestTrace();
+  void PopGTestTrace()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
   // methods need to lock it too.
@@ -1290,24 +1360,115 @@ GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 namespace internal {
 
+// FormatForComparison<ToPrint, OtherOperand>::Format(value) formats a
+// value of type ToPrint that is an operand of a comparison assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ).  OtherOperand is the type of the other operand in
+// the comparison, and is used to help determine the best way to
+// format the value.  In particular, when the value is a C string
+// (char pointer) and the other operand is an STL string object, we
+// want to format the C string as a string, since we know it is
+// compared by value with the string object.  If the value is a char
+// pointer but the other operand is not an STL string object, we don't
+// know whether the pointer is supposed to point to a NUL-terminated
+// string, and thus want to print it as a pointer to be safe.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+// The default case.
+template <typename ToPrint, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint& value) {
+    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Array.
+template <typename ToPrint, size_t N, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison<ToPrint[N], OtherOperand> {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint* value) {
+    return FormatForComparison<const ToPrint*, OtherOperand>::Format(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// By default, print C string as pointers to be safe, as we don't know
+// whether they actually point to a NUL-terminated string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(CharType)                \
+  template <typename OtherOperand>                                      \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherOperand> {                  \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(value)); \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(wchar_t);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const wchar_t);
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_
+
+// If a C string is compared with an STL string object, we know it's meant
+// to point to a NUL-terminated string, and thus can print it as a string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(CharType, OtherStringType) \
+  template <>                                                           \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherStringType> {               \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(value);                           \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::std::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::std::string);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::string);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_
+
 // Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
 // operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
 // of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
 // print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
-// char*, and print it as a C string when it is compared against an
-// std::string object, for example.
-//
-// The default implementation ignores the type of the other operand.
-// Some specialized versions are used to handle formatting wide or
-// narrow C strings.
+// char* or void*, and print it as a C string when it is compared
+// against an std::string object, for example.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
-String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(const T1& value,
-                                         const T2& /* other_operand */) {
-  // C++Builder compiles this incorrectly if the namespace isn't explicitly
-  // given.
-  return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+std::string FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(
+    const T1& value, const T2& /* other_operand */) {
+  return FormatForComparison<T1, T2>::Format(value);
+}
+
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperEQ. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_* in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQFailure(const char* expected_expression,
+                                   const char* actual_expression,
+                                   const T1& expected, const T2& actual) {
+  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
+                   actual_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
+                   false);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
@@ -1316,25 +1477,14 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                             const char* actual_expression,
                             const T1& expected,
                             const T2& actual) {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4389)  // Temporarily disables warning on
-                               // signed/unsigned mismatch.
-#endif
-
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4389 /* signed/unsigned mismatch */)
   if (expected == actual) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)          // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
-                   false);
+  return CmpHelperEQFailure(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
+                            actual);
 }
 
 // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
@@ -1422,6 +1572,19 @@ class EqHelper<true> {
   }
 };
 
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperOP. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_OP in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperOpFailure(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2,
+                                   const char* op) {
+  return AssertionFailure()
+         << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " << op << " (" << expr2
+         << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)
+         << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);
+}
+
 // A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
 // ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
 // of similar code.
@@ -1432,6 +1595,7 @@ class EqHelper<true> {
 // with gcc 4.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
 #define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
 template <typename T1, typename T2>\
 AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
@@ -1439,10 +1603,7 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
   if (val1 op val2) {\
     return AssertionSuccess();\
   } else {\
-    return AssertionFailure() \
-        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
-        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
-        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
+    return CmpHelperOpFailure(expr1, expr2, val1, val2, #op);\
   }\
 }\
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
@@ -1455,11 +1616,11 @@ GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
 
 #undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
 
@@ -1623,9 +1784,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
         : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
 
     TestPartResult::Type const type;
-    const char*        const file;
-    int                const line;
-    String             const message;
+    const char* const file;
+    int const line;
+    std::string const message;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
@@ -1684,7 +1845,12 @@ class WithParamInterface {
   // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
   // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
   // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
-  const ParamType& GetParam() const { return *parameter_; }
+  const ParamType& GetParam() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
+        << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
+        << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
+    return *parameter_;
+  }
 
  private:
   // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
@@ -1730,12 +1896,6 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 // usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
 // writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
 // and EXPECT_* more.
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   EXPECT_TRUE(server.StatusIsOK());
-//   ASSERT_FALSE(server.HasPendingRequest(port))
-//       << "There are still pending requests " << "on port " << port;
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
@@ -1909,7 +2069,7 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 # define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-// C String Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
+// C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
 // as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
@@ -2093,8 +2253,8 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 // The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
 // example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
 //
-// The user should put his test code between braces after using this
-// macro.  Example:
+// Test code should appear between braces after an invocation of
+// this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
 //     Foo foo;
@@ -2150,15 +2310,20 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
 
-// Use this macro in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
 // tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
 //
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
 // parsed by InitGoogleTest().
+//
+// This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
+// namespace and has an all-caps name.
+int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
-#define RUN_ALL_TESTS()\
-  (::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run())
-
-}  // namespace testing
+inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
+  return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
index 3805f85bd..30ae712f5 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 09/24/2010 by command
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
 // 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred1Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred2Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred3Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred4Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index 1d9f83b65..2b3a78f5b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
   // the last death test.
   static const char* LastMessage();
 
-  static void set_last_death_test_message(const String& message);
+  static void set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message);
 
  private:
   // A string containing a description of the outcome of the last death test.
-  static String last_death_test_message_;
+  static std::string last_death_test_message_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
 };
@@ -217,12 +217,23 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status);
 // The symbol "fail" here expands to something into which a message
 // can be streamed.
 
+// This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
+// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
+// is never printed.
+# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else \
+    ::testing::Message()
+
 // A class representing the parsed contents of the
 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag, as it existed when
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS was called.
 class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
  public:
-  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const String& a_file,
+  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const std::string& a_file,
                            int a_line,
                            int an_index,
                            int a_write_fd)
@@ -234,13 +245,13 @@ class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
       posix::Close(write_fd_);
   }
 
-  String file() const { return file_; }
+  const std::string& file() const { return file_; }
   int line() const { return line_; }
   int index() const { return index_; }
   int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
 
  private:
-  String file_;
+  std::string file_;
   int line_;
   int index_;
   int write_fd_;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
index b36b3cf21..7a13b4b0d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -61,11 +61,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
   FilePath() : pathname_("") { }
   FilePath(const FilePath& rhs) : pathname_(rhs.pathname_) { }
 
-  explicit FilePath(const char* pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
-    Normalize();
-  }
-
-  explicit FilePath(const String& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
+  explicit FilePath(const std::string& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
     Normalize();
   }
 
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
     pathname_ = rhs.pathname_;
   }
 
-  String ToString() const { return pathname_; }
+  const std::string& string() const { return pathname_; }
   const char* c_str() const { return pathname_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
@@ -111,8 +107,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
                                          const FilePath& base_name,
                                          const char* extension);
 
-  // Returns true iff the path is NULL or "".
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return c_str() == NULL || *c_str() == '\0'; }
+  // Returns true iff the path is "".
+  bool IsEmpty() const { return pathname_.empty(); }
 
   // If input name has a trailing separator character, removes it and returns
   // the name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
   // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
   const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
 
-  String pathname_;
+  std::string pathname_;
 };  // class FilePath
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index ad5369d61..ba7175cf0 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -44,18 +44,22 @@
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/wait.h>
 # include <unistd.h>
-# include <signal.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-# include <sys/socket.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
 
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
@@ -71,36 +75,6 @@
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
 
-// Google Test defines the testing::Message class to allow construction of
-// test messages via the << operator.  The idea is that anything
-// streamable to std::ostream can be streamed to a testing::Message.
-// This allows a user to use his own types in Google Test assertions by
-// overloading the << operator.
-//
-// util/gtl/stl_logging-inl.h overloads << for STL containers.  These
-// overloads cannot be defined in the std namespace, as that will be
-// undefined behavior.  Therefore, they are defined in the global
-// namespace instead.
-//
-// C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
-// overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
-// namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
-// namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
-//
-// To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
-// defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test assertions,
-// testing::Message must access the custom << operator from the global
-// namespace.  Hence this helper function.
-//
-// Note: Jeffrey Yasskin suggested an alternative fix by "using
-// ::operator<<;" in the definition of Message's operator<<.  That fix
-// doesn't require a helper function, but unfortunately doesn't
-// compile with MSVC.
-template <typename T>
-inline void GTestStreamToHelper(std::ostream* os, const T& val) {
-  *os << val;
-}
-
 class ProtocolMessage;
 namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
@@ -126,17 +100,12 @@ class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
 class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
 
 // How many times InitGoogleTest() has been called.
-extern int g_init_gtest_count;
+GTEST_API_ extern int g_init_gtest_count;
 
 // The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
 // stack trace.
 GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];
 
-// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
-// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
-// Secret object, which is what we want.
-class Secret;
-
 // Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an
 // expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued
 // compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have
@@ -167,8 +136,23 @@ char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-GTEST_API_ String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                                    const Message& user_msg);
+GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
+    const std::string& gtest_msg, const Message& user_msg);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
+// assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
+// are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
+// errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
+// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
+// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
+class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
 class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
@@ -189,76 +173,35 @@ class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
                             // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
                             // need to be used otherwise.
 
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
-
-// The Symbian compiler has a bug that prevents it from selecting the
-// correct overload of FormatForComparisonFailureMessage (see below)
-// unless we pass the first argument by reference.  If we do that,
-// however, Visual Age C++ 10.1 generates a compiler error.  Therefore
-// we only apply the work-around for Symbian.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ const&
-#else
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_
-#endif
-
-// When this operand is a const char* or char*, if the other operand
-// is a ::std::string or ::string, we print this operand as a C string
-// rather than a pointer (we do the same for wide strings); otherwise
-// we print it as a pointer to be safe.
-
-// This internal macro is used to avoid duplicated code.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(operand2_type, operand1_printer)\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    const operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}
-
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_
-
-// The next four overloads handle the case where the operand being
-// printed is a char/wchar_t pointer and the other operand is not a
-// string/wstring object.  In such cases, we just print the operand as
-// a pointer to be safe.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(CharType)                       \
-  template <typename T>                                             \
-  String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(CharType* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ p, \
-                                           const T&) { \
-    return PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(p));              \
-  }
-
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(wchar_t)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_
+namespace edit_distance {
+// Returns the optimal edits to go from 'left' to 'right'.
+// All edits cost the same, with replace having lower priority than
+// add/remove.
+// Simple implementation of the Wagner–Fischer algorithm.
+// See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Fischer_algorithm
+enum EditType { kMatch, kAdd, kRemove, kReplace };
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<size_t>& left, const std::vector<size_t>& right);
+
+// Same as above, but the input is represented as strings.
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right);
+
+// Create a diff of the input strings in Unified diff format.
+GTEST_API_ std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                                         size_t context = 2);
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+// Calculate the diff between 'left' and 'right' and return it in unified diff
+// format.
+// If not null, stores in 'total_line_count' the total number of lines found
+// in left + right.
+GTEST_API_ std::string DiffStrings(const std::string& left,
+                                   const std::string& right,
+                                   size_t* total_line_count);
 
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
@@ -277,12 +220,12 @@ GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
 // be inserted into the message.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
                                      const char* actual_expression,
-                                     const String& expected_value,
-                                     const String& actual_value,
+                                     const std::string& expected_value,
+                                     const std::string& actual_value,
                                      bool ignoring_case);
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-GTEST_API_ String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
     const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
     const char* expression_text,
     const char* actual_predicate_value,
@@ -357,7 +300,7 @@ class FloatingPoint {
   // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.
   //
   // See the following article for more details on ULP:
-  // http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm.
+  // http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
   static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;
 
   // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.
@@ -384,6 +327,9 @@ class FloatingPoint {
     return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);
   }
 
+  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
+  static RawType Max();
+
   // Non-static methods
 
   // Returns the bits that represents this number.
@@ -464,6 +410,13 @@ class FloatingPoint {
   FloatingPointUnion u_;
 };
 
+// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
+// macro defined by <windows.h>.
+template <>
+inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() { return FLT_MAX; }
+template <>
+inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() { return DBL_MAX; }
+
 // Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
 // care to use.
 typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
@@ -558,7 +511,7 @@ typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 //   test_case_name:   name of the test case
 //   name:             name of the test
 //   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                     this is not  a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
 //   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,
 //                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.
 //   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
@@ -568,7 +521,8 @@ typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -628,9 +582,9 @@ inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
 
 // Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns
 // the entire string if it contains no comma.
-inline String GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
+inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
   const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
-  return comma == NULL ? String(str) : String(str, comma - str);
+  return comma == NULL ? str : std::string(str, comma);
 }
 
 // TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
@@ -656,9 +610,9 @@ class TypeParameterizedTest {
     // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
     // list.
     MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-        String::Format("%s%s%s/%d", prefix, prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/",
-                       case_name, index).c_str(),
-        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names).c_str(),
+        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
+         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
+        StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names)).c_str(),
         GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
         NULL,  // No value parameter.
         GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
@@ -715,7 +669,7 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -725,8 +679,8 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-GTEST_API_ String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* unit_test,
-                                                  int skip_count);
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(
+    UnitTest* unit_test, int skip_count);
 
 // Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant
 // condition.
@@ -801,13 +755,19 @@ struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 // MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above
 // definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const
 // char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.
-// However, it causes trouble with GCC and thus needs to be
-// conditionally compiled.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
 template <typename T, size_t N>
 struct RemoveConst<const T[N]> {
   typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
 };
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1400
+// This is the only specialization that allows VC++ 7.1 to remove const in
+// 'const int[3] and 'const int[3][4]'.  However, it causes trouble with GCC
+// and thus needs to be conditionally compiled.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
+  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
+};
 #endif
 
 // A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument
@@ -856,7 +816,7 @@ class ImplicitlyConvertible {
   // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply
   // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default
   // constructor.
-  static From MakeFrom();
+  static typename AddReference<From>::type MakeFrom();
 
   // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression
   // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be
@@ -874,25 +834,20 @@ class ImplicitlyConvertible {
   // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,
   // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.
  public:
-  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
-  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
-  // warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4244)  // Temporarily disables warning 4244.
-
-  static const bool value =
-      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
   // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template
   // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits
   // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).
   static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);
 #else
+  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
+  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
+  // warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244)
   static const bool value =
       sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-#endif  // _MSV_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif  // __BORLANDC__
 };
 template <typename From, typename To>
 const bool ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value;
@@ -1018,11 +973,10 @@ void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {
 
 // The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the
 // native array it represents.
-enum RelationToSource {
-  kReference,  // The NativeArray references the native array.
-  kCopy        // The NativeArray makes a copy of the native array and
-               // owns the copy.
-};
+// We use 2 different structs to allow non-copyable types to be used, as long
+// as RelationToSourceReference() is passed.
+struct RelationToSourceReference {};
+struct RelationToSourceCopy {};
 
 // Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead
 // of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements
@@ -1040,22 +994,23 @@ class NativeArray {
   typedef Element* iterator;
   typedef const Element* const_iterator;
 
-  // Constructs from a native array.
-  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSource relation) {
-    Init(array, count, relation);
+  // Constructs from a native array. References the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceReference) {
+    InitRef(array, count);
+  }
+
+  // Constructs from a native array. Copies the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceCopy) {
+    InitCopy(array, count);
   }
 
   // Copy constructor.
   NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {
-    Init(rhs.array_, rhs.size_, rhs.relation_to_source_);
+    (this->*rhs.clone_)(rhs.array_, rhs.size_);
   }
 
   ~NativeArray() {
-    // Ensures that the user doesn't instantiate NativeArray with a
-    // const or reference type.
-    static_cast<void>(StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<Element,
-        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>());
-    if (relation_to_source_ == kCopy)
+    if (clone_ != &NativeArray::InitRef)
       delete[] array_;
   }
 
@@ -1069,23 +1024,30 @@ class NativeArray {
   }
 
  private:
-  // Initializes this object; makes a copy of the input array if
-  // 'relation' is kCopy.
-  void Init(const Element* array, size_t a_size, RelationToSource relation) {
-    if (relation == kReference) {
-      array_ = array;
-    } else {
-      Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
-      CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
-      array_ = copy;
-    }
+  enum {
+    kCheckTypeIsNotConstOrAReference = StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<
+        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value,
+  };
+
+  // Initializes this object with a copy of the input.
+  void InitCopy(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
+    CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
+    array_ = copy;
+    size_ = a_size;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitCopy;
+  }
+
+  // Initializes this object with a reference of the input.
+  void InitRef(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    array_ = array;
     size_ = a_size;
-    relation_to_source_ = relation;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitRef;
   }
 
   const Element* array_;
   size_t size_;
-  RelationToSource relation_to_source_;
+  void (NativeArray::*clone_)(const Element*, size_t);
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);
 };
@@ -1228,3 +1190,4 @@ class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) : public parent_class {\
 void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
index 57147b4e8..360294221 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
@@ -105,25 +105,35 @@ class linked_ptr_internal {
   // framework.
 
   // Join an existing circle.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr) {
+  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = ptr;
-    while (p->next_ != ptr) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != ptr) {
+      assert(p->next_ != this &&
+             "Trying to join() a linked ring we are already in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = this;
     next_ = ptr;
   }
 
   // Leave whatever circle we're part of.  Returns true if we were the
   // last member of the circle.  Once this is done, you can join() another.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  bool depart() {
+  bool depart()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     if (next_ == this) return true;
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = next_;
-    while (p->next_ != this) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != this) {
+      assert(p->next_ != next_ &&
+             "Trying to depart() a linked ring we are not in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = next_;
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
index 258267500..6dbaf4b7a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 // and at most 10 arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at 10.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ValueArray2 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ class ValueArray3 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -135,7 +136,8 @@ class ValueArray4 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -157,7 +159,8 @@ class ValueArray5 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -181,7 +184,9 @@ class ValueArray6 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -206,7 +211,9 @@ class ValueArray7 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -233,7 +240,9 @@ class ValueArray8 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -261,7 +270,10 @@ class ValueArray9 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -290,7 +302,10 @@ class ValueArray10 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -321,7 +336,10 @@ class ValueArray11 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -353,8 +371,11 @@ class ValueArray12 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -388,8 +409,11 @@ class ValueArray13 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -424,8 +448,11 @@ class ValueArray14 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -461,8 +488,12 @@ class ValueArray15 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -501,8 +532,12 @@ class ValueArray16 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -542,8 +577,12 @@ class ValueArray17 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -584,8 +623,13 @@ class ValueArray18 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -627,8 +671,13 @@ class ValueArray19 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -672,8 +721,13 @@ class ValueArray20 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -719,8 +773,14 @@ class ValueArray21 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -767,8 +827,14 @@ class ValueArray22 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -817,9 +883,14 @@ class ValueArray23 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_,
-        v23_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -869,9 +940,15 @@ class ValueArray24 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -922,9 +999,15 @@ class ValueArray25 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -977,9 +1060,15 @@ class ValueArray26 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1034,9 +1123,16 @@ class ValueArray27 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1092,9 +1188,16 @@ class ValueArray28 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1151,9 +1254,16 @@ class ValueArray29 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1212,9 +1322,17 @@ class ValueArray30 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1275,9 +1393,17 @@ class ValueArray31 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1339,9 +1465,17 @@ class ValueArray32 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1405,9 +1539,18 @@ class ValueArray33 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1472,9 +1615,18 @@ class ValueArray34 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1540,10 +1692,18 @@ class ValueArray35 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_,
-        v35_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1611,10 +1771,19 @@ class ValueArray36 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1684,10 +1853,19 @@ class ValueArray37 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1758,10 +1936,19 @@ class ValueArray38 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1833,10 +2020,20 @@ class ValueArray39 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1910,10 +2107,20 @@ class ValueArray40 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1989,10 +2196,20 @@ class ValueArray41 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2069,10 +2286,21 @@ class ValueArray42 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2150,10 +2378,21 @@ class ValueArray43 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2233,10 +2472,21 @@ class ValueArray44 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2317,10 +2567,22 @@ class ValueArray45 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2403,10 +2665,22 @@ class ValueArray46 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2491,11 +2765,22 @@ class ValueArray47 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_,
-        v47_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2581,11 +2866,23 @@ class ValueArray48 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2672,11 +2969,23 @@ class ValueArray49 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2764,11 +3073,23 @@ class ValueArray50 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_, v50_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_), static_cast<T>(v50_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2836,9 +3157,9 @@ class ValueArray50 {
 //
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 class CartesianProductGenerator2
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator2(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2)
@@ -2951,9 +3272,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
 class CartesianProductGenerator3
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator3(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3)
@@ -3083,9 +3404,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
 class CartesianProductGenerator4
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator4(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3234,9 +3555,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
 class CartesianProductGenerator5
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator5(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3402,10 +3723,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6>
 class CartesianProductGenerator6
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
         T6> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator6(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3588,10 +3909,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7>
 class CartesianProductGenerator7
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator7(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3791,10 +4112,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
 class CartesianProductGenerator8
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator8(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4013,10 +4334,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
 class CartesianProductGenerator9
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator9(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4252,10 +4573,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
 class CartesianProductGenerator10
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9, T10> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator10(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4517,8 +4838,8 @@ class CartesianProductHolder2 {
 CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator2<T1, T2>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_)));
@@ -4539,8 +4860,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator3<T1, T2, T3>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4564,8 +4885,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4591,8 +4912,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder5(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4622,8 +4943,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder6(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4655,9 +4976,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder7(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
       T7> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4693,9 +5014,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder8(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g8_(g8) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
       T8> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4734,9 +5055,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder9(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g9_(g9) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
       T9> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
         T9> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
@@ -4778,10 +5099,10 @@ CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-      T9, T10> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-        T9, T10> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+      T10> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+        T10> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
             T10>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
index dbe938630..801a2fc7d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ $var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
 // and at most $maxtuple arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at $maxtuple.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ValueArray$i {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {$for j, [[v$(j)_]]};
+    const T array[] = {$for j, [[static_cast<T>(v$(j)_)]]};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ $range k 2..i
 
 template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
 class CartesianProductGenerator$i
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator$i($for j, [[const ParamGenerator<T$j>& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ class CartesianProductHolder$i {
 CartesianProductHolder$i($for j, [[const Generator$j& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
   template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>(
 $for j,[[
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
index 0ef9718cf..d5e1028b0 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -494,10 +494,10 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
         const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->first;
         ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->second)());
 
-        Message test_case_name_stream;
+        string test_case_name;
         if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
-          test_case_name_stream << instantiation_name << "/";
-        test_case_name_stream << test_info->test_case_base_name;
+          test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
+        test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
 
         int i = 0;
         for (typename ParamGenerator<ParamType>::iterator param_it =
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
           Message test_name_stream;
           test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << i;
           MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-              test_case_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
+              test_case_name.c_str(),
               test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
               NULL,  // No type parameter.
               PrintToString(*param_it).c_str(),
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index ce70acdd3..98498309f 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -30,15 +30,43 @@
 // Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
-// platforms.  They are subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE
-// THEM IN USER CODE.
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Test.
+//
+// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
+// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
+// any other Google Test header.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 
-// The user can define the following macros in the build script to
-// control Google Test's behavior.  If the user doesn't define a macro
-// in this list, Google Test will define it.
+// Environment-describing macros
+// -----------------------------
+//
+// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
+// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
+// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
+// features and implementations.
+//
+// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
+// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
+// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
+// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
+// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
+//
+// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
+// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
+// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
+//
+// Notes to maintainers:
+//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
+//     lightly.
+//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
+//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
+//     defined.
 //
 //   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
 //                              is/isn't available.
@@ -72,6 +100,8 @@
 //                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
 //                              used.  Unused when the user sets
 //                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
+//   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
+//                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
 //   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
 //                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
@@ -80,23 +110,34 @@
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
 //                              as a shared library.
 
-// This header defines the following utilities:
+// Platform-indicating macros
+// --------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
+// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
 //
-// Macros indicating the current platform (defined to 1 if compiled on
-// the given platform; otherwise undefined):
 //   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
 //   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
+//   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
 //   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
 //     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
 //   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
+//     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
 //   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
 //   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
 //   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
 //   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
 //   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
 //
 // Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
@@ -106,22 +147,50 @@
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
 // even more welcome!).
 //
-// Note that it is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+
+// Feature-indicating macros
+// -------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
+// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// which controls that code.  For example:
+//
+// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
+// #endif
 //
-// Macros indicating available Google Test features (defined to 1 if
-// the corresponding feature is supported; otherwise undefined):
 //   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
 //                            tests)
 //   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
 //   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
 //                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
 //                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
 //   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
+
+// Misc public macros
+// ------------------
+//
+//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
+//                            the given Google Test flag.
+
+// Internal utilities
+// ------------------
+//
+// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
+// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
 //
 // Macros for basic C++ coding:
 //   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
@@ -130,13 +199,18 @@
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
 //   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
+//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
+//                                        is suppressed.
+//
+// C++11 feature wrappers:
+//
+//   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
-//                  - synchronization primitives.
-//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE - defined to 1 to indicate that the above
-//                         synchronization primitives have real implementations
-//                         and Google Test is thread-safe; or 0 otherwise.
+//                            - synchronization primitives.
 //
 // Template meta programming:
 //   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
@@ -172,10 +246,9 @@
 //   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
 //
 // Command-line utilities:
-//   GTEST_FLAG()       - references a flag.
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
-//   GetArgvs()         - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
+//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
 //
 // Environment variable utilities:
 //   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
@@ -188,15 +261,21 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
 
+#if defined __APPLE__
+# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+# include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
 #include <iostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>  // NOLINT
+#include <utility>
 
 #define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
 #define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
@@ -223,19 +302,34 @@
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
 # elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
+# elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY)
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#  if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_PHONE_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT 1
+#  else
+    // WINAPI_FAMILY defined but no known partition matched.
+    // Default to desktop.
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
 # endif  // _WIN32_WCE
 #elif defined __APPLE__
 # define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
+# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __FreeBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_FREEBSD 1
 #elif defined __linux__
 # define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# ifdef ANDROID
+# if defined __ANDROID__
 #  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
-# endif  // ANDROID
-#elif defined __FreeBSD__
-# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+# endif
 #elif defined __MVS__
 # define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
@@ -246,30 +340,130 @@
 # define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
 #elif defined __native_client__
 # define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined __OpenBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
+#elif defined __QNX__
+# define GTEST_OS_QNX 1
 #endif  // __CYGWIN__
 
+// Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
+//
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
+//   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1500
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
+    __pragma(warning(push))                        \
+    __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+// Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
+// -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
+// value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
+// probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
+# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+// Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
+// proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
+// C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
+// with no C++11 support.
+//
+// libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
+// 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
+// this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
+    (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
+        __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
+        /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
+# define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
+#endif
+
+// Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
+#if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+#endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
+// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# if defined(__clang__)
+// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
+#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
+#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
 // Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
 // namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
 // use them on Windows Mobile.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#  include <direct.h>
+#  include <io.h>
+# endif
+// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
+// assuming CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+// This assumption is verified by
+// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
 // This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
 // is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
 // mentioned above.
 # include <unistd.h>
-# if !GTEST_OS_NACL
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this condition when Native Client SDK adds
-// strings.h (tracked in
-// http://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/issues/detail?id=1175).
-#  include <strings.h>  // Native Client doesn't provide strings.h.
-# endif
-#elif !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <direct.h>
-# include <io.h>
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
+#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-# define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
@@ -307,6 +501,15 @@
 #   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+// clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
+// but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
+// cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
+// are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
+// exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
+// that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
+// __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
@@ -384,11 +587,27 @@
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
 
 #  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
+// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
+// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
+// so disable RTTI when detected.
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#   else
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
 
+// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
+// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
+// first version with C++ support.
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
+
 // Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
 // both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
 # elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
@@ -416,12 +635,13 @@
 
 // Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we assume pthreads support is
-// available on Linux and Mac.
+// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
+// which platforms have pthreads support.
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
-# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
+    || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
@@ -437,8 +657,13 @@
 // this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
 // feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
+// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
 // The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
-# define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
@@ -447,14 +672,28 @@
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 // We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
-// implementation of it already.  At this time, GCC 4.0.0+ and MSVC
-// 2010 are the only mainstream compilers that come with a TR1 tuple
-// implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler pretends to be GCC by
-// defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot compile GCC's tuple
-// implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1 tuple in a 323 MB
-// Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the user has.
-# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)) \
-    || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+// implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
+// MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
+// with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
+// pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
+// compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
+// tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
+// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
+// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
+// and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
+# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
+// in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
+// can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
+# if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+# if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
@@ -464,11 +703,37 @@
 
 // To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
 // gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
-// tr1/tuple.
+// tuple.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
+# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
+// them.
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
+# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
 
 # if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"
+#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  include <tuple>
+// C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
+// ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
+// This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
+// the way we intend.
+namespace std {
+namespace tr1 {
+using ::std::get;
+using ::std::make_tuple;
+using ::std::tuple;
+using ::std::tuple_element;
+using ::std::tuple_size;
+}
+}
+
 # elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
 // On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
@@ -483,7 +748,7 @@
 // This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
 // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
 #  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
-#  include <tuple>
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
 // GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
@@ -506,7 +771,7 @@
 # else
 // If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
 // spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
-#  include <tuple>  // NOLINT
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
@@ -519,7 +784,16 @@
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
-#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, clone() is only available on ARM starting with Gingerbread.
+#    if defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#    else
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+#    endif
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
@@ -531,7 +805,8 @@
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
 // platforms except known mobile ones.
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
+    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
@@ -542,9 +817,11 @@
 // Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
 // abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
-#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
+#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
+     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || \
      (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
-     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD)
 # define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
 # include <vector>  // NOLINT
 #endif
@@ -610,7 +887,12 @@
 // compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
-#else
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_attribute(unused)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
@@ -636,6 +918,19 @@
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
 #endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
 
+// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
+// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
+// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
+//
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+// while (true) {
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+// }
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
 // Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
 // Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
 // does not exist on any other system.
@@ -650,6 +945,11 @@
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
 # endif
 
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
+    (0 \
+     || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
+     || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -673,20 +973,78 @@
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
 #endif
 
+// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#endif
+
+// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
+// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
 namespace testing {
 
 class Message;
 
+#if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
+// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
+// their types as needed.
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+
 namespace internal {
 
-class String;
+// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
+// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
+// Secret object, which is what we want.
+class Secret;
 
 // The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
 // expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
 // size of a static array:
 //
-//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
-//                         content_type_names_incorrect_size);
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
+//                         names_incorrect_size);
 //
 // or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
 //
@@ -696,16 +1054,22 @@ class String;
 // the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
 // containing the name of the variable.
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 template <bool>
-struct CompileAssert {
+  struct CompileAssert {
 };
 
-#define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> \
-      msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
+      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
 //
+// (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
+//
 // - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
 //   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
 //
@@ -752,7 +1116,12 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2>
 struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
 
 template <typename T>
-struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {};
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
+#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 typedef ::string string;
@@ -800,6 +1169,12 @@ class scoped_ptr {
       ptr_ = p;
     }
   }
+
+  friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
+  }
+
  private:
   T* ptr_;
 
@@ -862,10 +1237,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
  private:
   void Init(const char* regex);
 
-  // We use a const char* instead of a string, as Google Test may be used
-  // where string is not available.  We also do not use Google Test's own
-  // String type here, in order to simplify dependencies between the
-  // files.
+  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
+  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
+  // std::string.
   const char* pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
@@ -962,6 +1336,15 @@ inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
                       << gtest_error
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::move;
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+template <typename T>
+const T& move(const T& t) {
+  return t;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
@@ -983,7 +1366,7 @@ inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
 // similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
 // namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
 template<typename To>
-inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
+inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return ::testing::internal::move(x); }
 
 // When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
 // SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
@@ -1012,7 +1395,9 @@ inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
   // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
   // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
   // completely.
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
   if (false) {
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
     const To to = NULL;
     ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
   }
@@ -1048,30 +1433,30 @@ Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
 //   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 //
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStdout();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStderr();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-extern ::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
+                             new_argvs);
 
-// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies we have ::std::string.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs();
+// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
+extern ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-// Sleeps for (roughly) n milli-seconds.  This function is only for
-// testing Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests,
-// either directly or indirectly.
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
+// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
+// directly or indirectly.
 inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   const timespec time = {
     0,                  // 0 seconds.
@@ -1079,7 +1464,10 @@ inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   };
   nanosleep(&time, NULL);
 }
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
+# if 0  // OS detection
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
 // threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
 // and destroyed in the controller thread.
@@ -1088,26 +1476,97 @@ inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
 // use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class Notification {
  public:
-  Notification() : notified_(false) {}
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+  }
+  ~Notification() {
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
   // be called from the controller thread.
-  void Notify() { notified_ = true; }
+  void Notify() {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
   // thread.
   void WaitForNotification() {
-    while(!notified_) {
+    for (;;) {
+      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+      const bool notified = notified_;
+      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+      if (notified)
+        break;
       SleepMilliseconds(10);
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  volatile bool notified_;
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
+  bool notified_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
 };
 
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
+
+// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
+// Used in death tests and in threading support.
+class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
+ public:
+  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
+  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
+  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
+  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
+  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
+  typedef void* Handle;
+  AutoHandle();
+  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
+
+  ~AutoHandle();
+
+  Handle Get() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(Handle handle);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
+  bool IsCloseable() const;
+
+  Handle handle_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
+};
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class GTEST_API_ Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification();
+  void Notify();
+  void WaitForNotification();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle event_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+# endif  // OS detection
+
+// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
+// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
 // As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
 // Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
 // in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
@@ -1145,10 +1604,9 @@ extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
-  typedef void (*UserThreadFunc)(T);
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
 
-  ThreadWithParam(
-      UserThreadFunc func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
       : func_(func),
         param_(param),
         thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
@@ -1175,7 +1633,7 @@ class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
   }
 
  private:
-  const UserThreadFunc func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
   const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
   // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
   // notifies.
@@ -1185,47 +1643,278 @@ class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
+# if 0  // OS detection
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
-// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms. They
-// are used in conjunction with class MutexLock:
+// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
+// with class MutexLock:
 //
 //   Mutex mutex;
 //   ...
-//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the end
-//                            // of the current scope.
-//
-// MutexBase implements behavior for both statically and dynamically
-// allocated mutexes.  Do not use MutexBase directly.  Instead, write
-// the following to define a static mutex:
+//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
+//                            // end of the current scope.
 //
+// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
+// macros:
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
 //
-// You can forward declare a static mutex like this:
+// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
+class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
+ public:
+  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
+  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
+  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
+  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
+  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
+
+  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
+  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
+  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
+  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
+
+  Mutex();
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  void Lock();
+
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+
+  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
+  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
+  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
+
+  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
+  // by the linker.
+  MutexType type_;
+  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
+  _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
+// without knowing its type.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
+// regardless of its parameter type.
+class ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
+  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
+  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
+  // has a value on the current thread.
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ThreadLocalBase() {}
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
+};
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
+// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
+// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+
+  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+};
+
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  void Join();
+
+ protected:
+  class Runnable {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Runnable() {}
+    virtual void Run() = 0;
+  };
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle thread_;
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
+  }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
+
+ private:
+  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
+   public:
+    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
+        : func_(func),
+          param_(param) {
+    }
+    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
+    virtual void Run() {
+      func_(param_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
+    const T param_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
+  };
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
 //
-//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   // Thread 1
+//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
 //
-// To create a dynamic mutex, just define an object of type Mutex.
+//   // Thread 2
+//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
+//   tl.set(200);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
+//
+// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
+// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
+// a public default constructor.
+//
+// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
+// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
+// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
+// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
+//
+// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
+// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
+// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
+// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : default_() {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : default_(value) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
+  // knowing the type of T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
+        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
+  }
+
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
+    return new ValueHolder(default_);
+  }
+
+  const T default_;  // The default value for each thread.
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
 class MutexBase {
  public:
   // Acquires this mutex.
   void Lock() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
     owner_ = pthread_self();
+    has_owner_ = true;
   }
 
   // Releases this mutex.
   void Unlock() {
-    // We don't protect writing to owner_ here, as it's the caller's
-    // responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
+    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
+    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
     // mutex when this is called.
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
   }
 
   // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
   // with high probability.
   void AssertHeld() const {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(owner_ == pthread_self())
+    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
         << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
   }
 
@@ -1236,16 +1925,28 @@ class MutexBase {
   // have to be public.
  public:
   pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
-  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex; 0 means no one holds it.
+  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
+  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
+  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
+  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
+  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
+  // from pthread_self().
+  bool has_owner_;
+  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
 };
 
 // Forward-declares a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
+#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
 
 // Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0 }
+// The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
+// instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
+// particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
+// This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
+// The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
+#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false }
 
 // The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
 // shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
@@ -1253,7 +1954,7 @@ class Mutex : public MutexBase {
  public:
   Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
   }
   ~Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
@@ -1263,9 +1964,11 @@ class Mutex : public MutexBase {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
 
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock as the ctor declaration would
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms.  Hence the typedef trick below.
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
@@ -1299,34 +2002,6 @@ extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
 }
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
-//
-//   // Thread 2
-//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
-//   tl.set(200);
-//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
-//
-// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
-// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
-// a public default constructor.
-//
-// An object managed for a thread by a ThreadLocal instance is deleted
-// when the thread exits.  Or, if the ThreadLocal instance dies in
-// that thread, when the ThreadLocal dies.  It's the user's
-// responsibility to ensure that all other threads using a ThreadLocal
-// have exited when it dies, or the per-thread objects for those
-// threads will not be deleted.
-//
-// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
-// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
-// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
-// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadLocal {
  public:
@@ -1391,9 +2066,9 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 1
+# endif  // OS detection
 
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
 // and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
@@ -1403,6 +2078,8 @@ class ThreadLocal {
 class Mutex {
  public:
   Mutex() {}
+  void Lock() {}
+  void Unlock() {}
   void AssertHeld() const {}
 };
 
@@ -1411,6 +2088,11 @@ class Mutex {
 
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
@@ -1431,11 +2113,7 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   T value_;
 };
 
-// The above synchronization primitives have dummy implementations.
-// Therefore Google Test is not thread-safe.
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 0
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
@@ -1533,6 +2211,10 @@ inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
 inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
   return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
+inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
+  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
+}
 
 inline char ToLower(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
@@ -1541,6 +2223,13 @@ inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 
+inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
+  std::string::iterator it = str.end();
+  while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
+    it = str.erase(it);
+  return str;
+}
+
 // The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
 // POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
 // Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
@@ -1604,11 +2293,7 @@ inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 // Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-// Temporarily disable warning 4996 (deprecated function).
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
 
 inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
   return strncpy(dest, src, n);
@@ -1618,7 +2303,7 @@ inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
 // StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
 // defined there.
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
 #endif
 inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
@@ -1642,8 +2327,9 @@ inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
 #endif
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE | GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
+  static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return NULL;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
   // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
@@ -1655,9 +2341,7 @@ inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
@@ -1670,6 +2354,23 @@ inline void Abort() { abort(); }
 
 }  // namespace posix
 
+// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
+// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
+// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
+// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
+// snprintf is a variadic function.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
+     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
+// complain about _snprintf.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
+#else
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
+#endif
+
 // The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
 // works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
 // two's complement.
@@ -1722,7 +2423,6 @@ class TypeWithSize<4> {
 template <>
 class TypeWithSize<8> {
  public:
-
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   typedef __int64 Int;
   typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
@@ -1749,7 +2449,7 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 #define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
 #define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
-    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name)
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
@@ -1757,7 +2457,11 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+// Thread annotations
+#define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+#define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
 
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
 // to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
@@ -1777,3 +2481,4 @@ const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
index dc3a07be8..97f1a7fdd 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -47,50 +47,18 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <string.h>
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-
 #include <string>
 
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
-// String - a UTF-8 string class.
-//
-// For historic reasons, we don't use std::string.
-//
-// TODO(wan@google.com): replace this class with std::string or
-// implement it in terms of the latter.
-//
-// Note that String can represent both NULL and the empty string,
-// while std::string cannot represent NULL.
-//
-// NULL and the empty string are considered different.  NULL is less
-// than anything (including the empty string) except itself.
-//
-// This class only provides minimum functionality necessary for
-// implementing Google Test.  We do not intend to implement a full-fledged
-// string class here.
-//
-// Since the purpose of this class is to provide a substitute for
-// std::string on platforms where it cannot be used, we define a copy
-// constructor and assignment operators such that we don't need
-// conditional compilation in a lot of places.
-//
-// In order to make the representation efficient, the d'tor of String
-// is not virtual.  Therefore DO NOT INHERIT FROM String.
+// String - an abstract class holding static string utilities.
 class GTEST_API_ String {
  public:
   // Static utility methods
 
-  // Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-  // otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-  // for input "Hello".
-  //
-  // This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-  //
-  // Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-  static String ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str);
-
   // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
   // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
   // delete[].  Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
@@ -137,11 +105,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   // NULL will be converted to "(null)".  If an error occurred during
   // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
   // returned.
-  static String ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-
-  // Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-  // the converted string in double quotes.
-  static String ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  static std::string ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
   // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
   // content.
@@ -175,174 +139,27 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
                                                const wchar_t* rhs);
 
-  // Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-  // spec string as for printf.
-  //
-  // We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-  // available.
-  //
-  // The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing
-  // 0).  If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input,
-  // "<buffer exceeded>" is returned.
-  static String Format(const char* format, ...);
-
-  // C'tors
-
-  // The default c'tor constructs a NULL string.
-  String() : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) {}
-
-  // Constructs a String by cloning a 0-terminated C string.
-  String(const char* a_c_str) {  // NOLINT
-    if (a_c_str == NULL) {
-      c_str_ = NULL;
-      length_ = 0;
-    } else {
-      ConstructNonNull(a_c_str, strlen(a_c_str));
-    }
-  }
+  // Returns true iff the given string ends with the given suffix, ignoring
+  // case. Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+  static bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+      const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix);
 
-  // Constructs a String by copying a given number of chars from a
-  // buffer.  E.g. String("hello", 3) creates the string "hel",
-  // String("a\0bcd", 4) creates "a\0bc", String(NULL, 0) creates "",
-  // and String(NULL, 1) results in access violation.
-  String(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    ConstructNonNull(buffer, a_length);
-  }
+  // Formats an int value as "%02d".
+  static std::string FormatIntWidth2(int value);  // "%02d" for width == 2
 
-  // The copy c'tor creates a new copy of the string.  The two
-  // String objects do not share content.
-  String(const String& str) : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) { *this = str; }
+  // Formats an int value as "%X".
+  static std::string FormatHexInt(int value);
 
-  // D'tor.  String is intended to be a final class, so the d'tor
-  // doesn't need to be virtual.
-  ~String() { delete[] c_str_; }
-
-  // Allows a String to be implicitly converted to an ::std::string or
-  // ::string, and vice versa.  Converting a String containing a NULL
-  // pointer to ::std::string or ::string is undefined behavior.
-  // Converting a ::std::string or ::string containing an embedded NUL
-  // character to a String will result in the prefix up to the first
-  // NUL character.
-  String(const ::std::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
-
-  operator ::std::string() const { return ::std::string(c_str(), length()); }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-  String(const ::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
-
-  operator ::string() const { return ::string(c_str(), length()); }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  // Returns true iff this is an empty string (i.e. "").
-  bool empty() const { return (c_str() != NULL) && (length() == 0); }
-
-  // Compares this with another String.
-  // Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-  // if this is greater than rhs.
-  int Compare(const String& rhs) const;
-
-  // Returns true iff this String equals the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator==(const char* a_c_str) const { return Compare(a_c_str) == 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String is less than the given String.  A
-  // NULL string is considered less than "".
-  bool operator<(const String& rhs) const { return Compare(rhs) < 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String doesn't equal the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator!=(const char* a_c_str) const { return !(*this == a_c_str); }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-  // String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWith(const char* suffix) const;
-
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, not considering
-  // case. Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const;
-
-  // Returns the length of the encapsulated string, or 0 if the
-  // string is NULL.
-  size_t length() const { return length_; }
-
-  // Gets the 0-terminated C string this String object represents.
-  // The String object still owns the string.  Therefore the caller
-  // should NOT delete the return value.
-  const char* c_str() const { return c_str_; }
-
-  // Assigns a C string to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const char* a_c_str) {
-    return *this = String(a_c_str);
-  }
-
-  // Assigns a String object to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const String& rhs) {
-    if (this != &rhs) {
-      delete[] c_str_;
-      if (rhs.c_str() == NULL) {
-        c_str_ = NULL;
-        length_ = 0;
-      } else {
-        ConstructNonNull(rhs.c_str(), rhs.length());
-      }
-    }
-
-    return *this;
-  }
+  // Formats a byte as "%02X".
+  static std::string FormatByte(unsigned char value);
 
  private:
-  // Constructs a non-NULL String from the given content.  This
-  // function can only be called when c_str_ has not been allocated.
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, 0) results in an empty string ("").
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, non_zero) is undefined behavior.
-  void ConstructNonNull(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    char* const str = new char[a_length + 1];
-    memcpy(str, buffer, a_length);
-    str[a_length] = '\0';
-    c_str_ = str;
-    length_ = a_length;
-  }
-
-  const char* c_str_;
-  size_t length_;
+  String();  // Not meant to be instantiated.
 };  // class String
 
-// Streams a String to an ostream.  Each '\0' character in the String
-// is replaced with "\\0".
-inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const String& str) {
-  if (str.c_str() == NULL) {
-    os << "(null)";
-  } else {
-    const char* const c_str = str.c_str();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != str.length(); i++) {
-      if (c_str[i] == '\0') {
-        os << "\\0";
-      } else {
-        os << c_str[i];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return os;
-}
-
-// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as a String.  Each '\0'
+// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as an std::string.  Each '\0'
 // character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-GTEST_API_ String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
+GTEST_API_ std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
index d1af50e18..e9b405340 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-tuple.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
 // All Rights Reserved.
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 // GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
 #define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
 #define GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, void, void, void, void, void, void, \
@@ -140,34 +150,54 @@ template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
 struct TupleElement;
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T0 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T0 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T1 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T1 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T2 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T2 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T3 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T3 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T4 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T4 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T5 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T5 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T6 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T6 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T7 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T7 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T8 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T8 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T9 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T9 type;
+};
 
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
@@ -708,37 +738,59 @@ inline GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
 template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 template <GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 0; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 0;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 1; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 1;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 2; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 2;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 3; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 3;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 4; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 4;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 5; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 5;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 6; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 6;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 7; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 7;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 8; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 8;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 9; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 9;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 10; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 10;
+};
 
 template <int k, class Tuple>
 struct tuple_element {
@@ -922,8 +974,8 @@ template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
index ef519094a..429ddfeec 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ $$ This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. }}
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 
 $range i 0..n-1
 $range j 0..n
@@ -118,8 +126,9 @@ struct TupleElement;
 
 $for i [[
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)> [[]]
-{ typedef T$i type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T$i type;
+};
 
 
 ]]
@@ -220,7 +229,9 @@ template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 $for j [[
 template <GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = $j; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = $j;
+};
 
 
 ]]
@@ -302,8 +313,8 @@ template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
index b7b01b094..e46f7cfcb 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -45,15 +45,14 @@
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
@@ -62,24 +61,24 @@ namespace internal {
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
@@ -3300,7 +3299,9 @@ struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
index 27f331dea..251fdf025 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
@@ -43,15 +43,14 @@ $var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
@@ -60,24 +59,24 @@ namespace internal {
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
@@ -279,7 +278,9 @@ struct Templates<$for j, [[T$j]]$for k[[, NoneT]]> {
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 
 $range i 1..n
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index 8b2e4131c..a0a8c7baf 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@
 # include <errno.h>
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <limits.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#  include <signal.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
 # include <stdarg.h>
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -52,6 +57,10 @@
 #  include <sys/wait.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+# if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  include <spawn.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
@@ -59,9 +68,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -100,13 +109,42 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
     "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
     "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
-    "colons.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
+    "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
     "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
     "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
 }  // namespace internal
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
+// child process of a fast style death test.
+static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+bool InDeathTestChild() {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
+  // death_test_style flag.
+  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+
+# else
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
+    return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+  else
+    return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
 }
@@ -141,7 +179,7 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
 // specified by wait(2).
-static String ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
+static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -176,7 +214,7 @@ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
-static String DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
+static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
       << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
@@ -210,7 +248,7 @@ enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 // message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
 // message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
 // then exits with status 1.
-void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
+void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
   // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
   // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
   // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
@@ -234,9 +272,10 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
   do { \
     if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
@@ -254,15 +293,16 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
       gtest_retval = (expression); \
     } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
     if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s != -1", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression + " != -1"); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
-String GetLastErrnoDescription() {
-    return String(errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno));
+std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
+    return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
 }
 
 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
@@ -312,11 +352,11 @@ const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
   return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
 }
 
-void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const String& message) {
+void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
   last_death_test_message_ = message;
 }
 
-String DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
+std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
 
 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
 class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
@@ -491,7 +531,7 @@ bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
   if (!spawned())
     return false;
 
-  const String error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
+  const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
 
   bool success = false;
   Message buffer;
@@ -673,22 +713,19 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
       FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
       NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
-  const String filter_flag = String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                                            GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                                            info->test_case_name(),
-                                            info->name());
-  const String internal_flag = String::Format(
-    "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%u|%Iu|%Iu",
-      GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_,
-      kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-      file_, line_,
-      death_test_index,
-      static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId()),
-      // size_t has the same with as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
+      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
+      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
+      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
       // Windows platforms.
       // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle),
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
 
   char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
@@ -696,10 +733,9 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
                                             executable_path,
                                             _MAX_PATH));
 
-  String command_line = String::Format("%s %s \"%s\"",
-                                       ::GetCommandLineA(),
-                                       filter_flag.c_str(),
-                                       internal_flag.c_str());
+  std::string command_line =
+      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
+      internal_flag + "\"";
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
@@ -816,6 +852,7 @@ DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
     // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
     // down in death test subprocesses.
     GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
+    g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   } else {
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
@@ -835,6 +872,11 @@ class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
+  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
+  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+    return args;
+  }
   // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
   const char* const file_;
   // The line number on which the death test is located.
@@ -869,6 +911,7 @@ class Arguments {
   char* const* Argv() {
     return &args_[0];
   }
+
  private:
   std::vector<char*> args_;
 };
@@ -894,6 +937,7 @@ extern "C" char** environ;
 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
@@ -908,9 +952,8 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
   // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
   if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s",
-                                  original_dir,
-                                  GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
@@ -920,12 +963,12 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
   // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
   // one path separator.
   execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
-  DeathTestAbort(String::Format("execve(%s, ...) in %s failed: %s",
-                                args->argv[0],
-                                original_dir,
-                                GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+  DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
+                 original_dir + " failed: " +
+                 GetLastErrnoDescription());
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
+#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
 // grows.
@@ -936,25 +979,77 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
 // correct answer.
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) {
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
   int dummy;
-  return &dummy < ptr;
+  *result = (&dummy < ptr);
 }
 
+// Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 bool StackGrowsDown() {
   int dummy;
-  return StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy);
+  bool result;
+  StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
+  return result;
 }
 
-// A threadsafe implementation of fork(2) for threadsafe-style death tests
-// that uses clone(2).  It dies with an error message if anything goes
-// wrong.
-static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
+// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
+// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
+// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
+// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
+// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
+// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
+// anything goes wrong.
+static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
   pid_t child_pid = -1;
 
-#  if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
+  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
+  // process.
+  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
+  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
+  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
+  // working directory first.
+  const char* const original_dir =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
+  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
+  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  int fd_flags;
+  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
+                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
+  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
+  // spawn is a system call.
+  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
+  // Restores the current working directory.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
+
+#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
+  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
+  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
+  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
+  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
+  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
+  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
+  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
+      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
   const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
 
   if (!use_fork) {
@@ -964,21 +1059,37 @@ static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
     void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                              MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
+
+    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
+    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
+    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
+    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
+    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
+    // kMaxStackAlignment.
+    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
     void* const stack_top =
-        static_cast<char*>(stack) + (stack_grows_down ? stack_size : 0);
+        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
+            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
+        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
 
     child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
 
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
   }
-#  else
+#   else
   const bool use_fork = true;
-#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
   if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
       ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
       _exit(0);
   }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
+      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
   return child_pid;
@@ -1006,16 +1117,16 @@ DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
 
-  const String filter_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                     info->test_case_name(), info->name());
-  const String internal_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%d",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-                     file_, line_, death_test_index, pipe_fd[1]);
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
   Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetArgvs());
+  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
   args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
   args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
 
@@ -1026,7 +1137,7 @@ DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   // is necessary.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
-  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestFork(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
+  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
@@ -1052,9 +1163,10 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
-      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-          "Death test count (%d) somehow exceeded expected maximum (%d)",
-          death_test_index, flag->index()));
+      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+          "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
+          + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
+          + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -1083,9 +1195,9 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
-    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-        "Unknown death test style \"%s\" encountered",
-        GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style).c_str()));
+    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
+        + "\" encountered");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1123,8 +1235,8 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                                                    FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                                    parent_process_id));
   if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("Unable to open parent process %u",
-                                  parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
@@ -1144,9 +1256,10 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                                  // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                          FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the pipe handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        write_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
@@ -1157,17 +1270,18 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                          0x0,
                          FALSE,
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the event handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        event_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const int write_fd =
       ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
   if (write_fd == -1) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to convert pipe handle %Iu to a file descriptor",
-        write_handle_as_size_t));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " to a file descriptor");
   }
 
   // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
@@ -1204,9 +1318,8 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
+                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                      write_handle_as_size_t,
@@ -1217,9 +1330,8 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
+        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
index 91b257138..0292dc119 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 //
 // Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <direct.h>
 # include <io.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_NACL
-// Symbian OpenC and NaCl have PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
+#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
 # include <sys/syslimits.h>
 #else
 # include <limits.h>
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ namespace internal {
 // of them.
 const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
 const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "\\";
 const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #else
 const char kPathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
 
 // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
 FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
   // something reasonable.
   return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
@@ -107,7 +106,14 @@ FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
   return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #else
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
-  return FilePath(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
+  char* result = getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
+# if GTEST_OS_NACL
+  // getcwd will likely fail in NaCl due to the sandbox, so return something
+  // reasonable. The user may have provided a shim implementation for getcwd,
+  // however, so fallback only when failure is detected.
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? kCurrentDirectoryString : cwd);
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_NACL
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 }
 
@@ -116,9 +122,10 @@ FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
 // FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
 // found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
-  String dot_extension(String::Format(".%s", extension));
-  if (pathname_.EndsWithCaseInsensitive(dot_extension.c_str())) {
-    return FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 4));
+  const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
+  if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
+    return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
+        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
   }
   return *this;
 }
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  return last_sep ? FilePath(String(last_sep + 1)) : *this;
+  return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
 }
 
 // RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
@@ -158,9 +165,9 @@ FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  String dir;
+  std::string dir;
   if (last_sep) {
-    dir = String(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
+    dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
   } else {
     dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
   }
@@ -177,11 +184,12 @@ FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
                                 const FilePath& base_name,
                                 int number,
                                 const char* extension) {
-  String file;
+  std::string file;
   if (number == 0) {
-    file = String::Format("%s.%s", base_name.c_str(), extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
   } else {
-    file = String::Format("%s_%d.%s", base_name.c_str(), number, extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
+        + "." + extension;
   }
   return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
 }
@@ -193,8 +201,7 @@ FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
   if (directory.IsEmpty())
     return relative_path;
   const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-  return FilePath(String::Format("%s%c%s", dir.c_str(), kPathSeparator,
-                                 relative_path.c_str()));
+  return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
 }
 
 // Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
@@ -338,7 +345,7 @@ bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
 // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
   return IsDirectory()
-      ? FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 1))
+      ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
       : *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
index 65a2101a4..0ac7a109b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
 // part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
 #if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
+// If this file is included from the user's code, just say no.
 # error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
 # error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
 #endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -112,6 +117,12 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
 // Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
 GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
 
+// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
+// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
+// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
+// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
+GTEST_API_ std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms);
+
 // Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
@@ -190,37 +201,35 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
   }
+
  private:
   // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
   bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
   bool break_on_failure_;
   bool catch_exceptions_;
-  String color_;
-  String death_test_style_;
+  std::string color_;
+  std::string death_test_style_;
   bool death_test_use_fork_;
-  String filter_;
-  String internal_run_death_test_;
+  std::string filter_;
+  std::string internal_run_death_test_;
   bool list_tests_;
-  String output_;
+  std::string output_;
   bool print_time_;
-  bool pretty_;
   internal::Int32 random_seed_;
   internal::Int32 repeat_;
   bool shuffle_;
   internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
-  String stream_result_to_;
+  std::string stream_result_to_;
   bool throw_on_failure_;
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str);
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+GTEST_API_ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point);
 
 // Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
@@ -235,7 +244,7 @@ GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str);
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-GTEST_API_ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
+GTEST_API_ std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
 
 // Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
 // if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
@@ -339,16 +348,15 @@ class TestPropertyKeyIs {
   // Constructor.
   //
   // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const char* key)
-      : key_(key) {}
+  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string& key) : key_(key) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
   bool operator()(const TestProperty& test_property) const {
-    return String(test_property.key()).Compare(key_) == 0;
+    return test_property.key() == key_;
   }
 
  private:
-  String key_;
+  std::string key_;
 };
 
 // Class UnitTestOptions.
@@ -366,12 +374,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
   // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
   // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-  static String GetOutputFormat();
+  static std::string GetOutputFormat();
 
   // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
   // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
   // none was explicitly specified.
-  static String GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+  static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
 
   // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.
 
@@ -384,8 +392,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
 
   // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
   // name and the test name.
-  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                const String &test_name);
+  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                const std::string &test_name);
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
@@ -398,7 +406,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
 
   // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
   // filters in "filter".
-  static bool MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter);
+  static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
 };
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
@@ -411,13 +419,13 @@ class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
   virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
   //
   //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
   //                in the trace.
   //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
   //                against max_depth.
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
 
   // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
   // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
@@ -432,8 +440,11 @@ class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
 class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
   OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_(NULL) {}
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
-  virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
+
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  virtual void UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
   // Google Test's implementation.
@@ -455,7 +466,7 @@ class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
 struct TraceInfo {
   const char* file;
   int line;
-  String message;
+  std::string message;
 };
 
 // This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
@@ -539,15 +550,25 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const { return start_timestamp_; }
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
@@ -596,7 +617,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // getter, and returns it.
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
   //
   // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
   // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -606,7 +627,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
   // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
   // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-  String CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count);
+  std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
 
   // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
   // exist, creates one and returns it.
@@ -696,6 +717,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
     ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   }
 
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+  // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
+  // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
+  // updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+
   enum ReactionToSharding {
     HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
     IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
@@ -880,6 +907,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // Our random number generator.
   internal::Random random_;
 
+  // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;
+
   // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
@@ -935,33 +966,7 @@ GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
 // platform.
-GTEST_API_ String GetLastErrnoDescription();
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
-class AutoHandle {
- public:
-  AutoHandle() : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
-  explicit AutoHandle(HANDLE handle) : handle_(handle) {}
-
-  ~AutoHandle() { Reset(); }
-
-  HANDLE Get() const { return handle_; }
-  void Reset() { Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); }
-  void Reset(HANDLE handle) {
-    if (handle != handle_) {
-      if (handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        ::CloseHandle(handle_);
-      handle_ = handle;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  HANDLE handle_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
-};
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();
 
 // Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
 // number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
@@ -1018,8 +1023,9 @@ bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
 class TestResultAccessor {
  public:
   static void RecordProperty(TestResult* test_result,
+                             const std::string& xml_element,
                              const TestProperty& property) {
-    test_result->RecordProperty(property);
+    test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
   }
 
   static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult* test_result) {
@@ -1032,6 +1038,154 @@ class TestResultAccessor {
   }
 };
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
+class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
+  class AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    virtual void CloseConnection() {}
+
+    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
+    void SendLn(const string& message) {
+      Send(message + "\n");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
+  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
+        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
+      MakeConnection();
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
+      if (sockfd_ != -1)
+        CloseConnection();
+    }
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
+      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
+            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
+            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
+    void MakeConnection();
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    void CloseConnection() {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      close(sockfd_);
+      sockfd_ = -1;
+    }
+
+    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
+    const string host_name_;
+    const string port_num_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
+  };  // class SocketWriter
+
+  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
+  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
+
+  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
+      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
+
+  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
+      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
+
+  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
+    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));
+
+    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
+    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
+           StreamableToString(iteration));
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
+           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
+           + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
+           "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
+    if (file_name == NULL)
+      file_name = "";
+    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
+           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
+           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
+  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
+
+  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
+  // protocol we are using.
+  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
+
+  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
+
+  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
+};  // class StreamingListener
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
index b860d4812..b032745b4 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
 # include <io.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
 #else
 # include <unistd.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@
 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+# include <devctl.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <sys/procfs.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
@@ -58,9 +64,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -98,6 +104,26 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
   }
 }
 
+#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  procfs_info process_info;
+  const int status =
+      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
+  close(fd);
+  if (status == EOK) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 #else
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
@@ -108,6 +134,389 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  ::Sleep(n);
+}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
+    : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
+    : handle_(handle) {}
+
+AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
+  return handle_;
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset() {
+  Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
+  // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
+  if (handle_ != handle) {
+    if (IsCloseable()) {
+      ::CloseHandle(handle_);
+    }
+    handle_ = handle;
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
+        << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
+            "and thus not allowed.";
+  }
+}
+
+bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
+  // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
+  // invalid handle.
+  return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+Notification::Notification()
+    : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
+                           TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
+                           FALSE,  // Initially unset.
+                           NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
+}
+
+void Notification::Notify() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
+}
+
+void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(
+      ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+}
+
+Mutex::Mutex()
+    : type_(kDynamic),
+      owner_thread_id_(0),
+      critical_section_init_phase_(0),
+      critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+  ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+Mutex::~Mutex() {
+  // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
+  // to clean them up.
+  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+  // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
+  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
+  if (type_ == kDynamic) {
+    ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+    delete critical_section_;
+    critical_section_ = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void Mutex::Lock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+  owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void Mutex::Unlock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
+  // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+  // mutex when this is called.
+  owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+  ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+// with high probability.
+void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
+      << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+}
+
+// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
+  // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
+  if (type_ == kStatic) {
+    switch (
+        ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
+      case 0:
+        // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
+        // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
+        owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+        // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
+        // initialization complete.
+        GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                          &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
+                      1L);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
+        // are done.
+        while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
+                                            2L,
+                                            2L) != 2L) {
+          // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
+          // threads.
+          ::Sleep(0);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 2:
+        break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
+
+      default:
+        GTEST_CHECK_(false)
+            << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
+            << "while initializing a static mutex.";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
+                             Notification* thread_can_start) {
+    ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
+    DWORD thread_id;
+    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+    HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,    // Default security.
+        0,       // Default stack size.
+        &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
+        param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
+        0x0,     // Default creation flags.
+        &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
+                                        << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+    if (thread_handle == NULL) {
+      delete param;
+    }
+    return thread_handle;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct ThreadMainParam {
+    ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
+        : runnable_(runnable),
+          thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
+    }
+    scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
+    // Does not own.
+    Notification* thread_can_start_;
+  };
+
+  static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
+    // Transfers ownership.
+    scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
+    if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    param->runnable_->Run();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Prohibit instantiation.
+  ThreadWithParamSupport();
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
+                                         Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
+                                                     thread_can_start)) {
+}
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
+  Join();
+}
+
+void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+      << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+}
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
+// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
+// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
+// values on have terminated.
+class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+        GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+        thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
+    if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+      thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
+          std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
+      StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
+    }
+    ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+    ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+        thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+    if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
+      value_pos =
+          thread_local_values
+              .insert(std::make_pair(
+                  thread_local_instance,
+                  linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
+                      thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
+              .first;
+    }
+    return value_pos->second.get();
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
+    // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
+          it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
+          ++it) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
+        ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+        if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+          thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
+          // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
+          // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
+    // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
+      if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+        for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.begin();
+            value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
+            ++value_pos) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+        }
+        thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
+  typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
+                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
+  // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
+  // thread's ID.
+  typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+
+  // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
+  // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
+  typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
+
+  static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
+    // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
+    // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
+    HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+                                 FALSE,
+                                 thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
+    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+    // to work correctly under Win98.
+    DWORD watcher_thread_id;
+    HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,   // Default security.
+        0,      // Default stack size
+        &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
+        reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
+        CREATE_SUSPENDED,
+        &watcher_thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
+    // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
+    // blocked by it.
+    ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
+                        ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
+    ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
+    ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
+  }
+
+  // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
+  // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
+  static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
+    const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
+        reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(
+        ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+    OnThreadExit(tah->first);
+    ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
+    delete tah;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns map of thread local instances.
+  static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
+    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex mutex_;
+  // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
+};
+
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+
+ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
@@ -222,7 +631,7 @@ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
 }
 
 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
-String FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 }
@@ -429,15 +838,15 @@ const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0) {
-    return String::Format("%s:", file_name).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":";
   }
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-  return String::Format("%s(%d):", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
 #else
-  return String::Format("%s:%d:", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 }
 
@@ -448,12 +857,12 @@ GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
     const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0)
     return file_name;
   else
-    return String::Format("%s:%d", file_name, line).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
 }
 
 
@@ -477,10 +886,7 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
 }
 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable: 4996)
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
@@ -488,8 +894,7 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
 class CapturedStream {
  public:
   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
-  CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
-
+  explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
@@ -506,10 +911,29 @@ class CapturedStream {
                                     << temp_file_path;
     filename_ = temp_file_path;
 # else
-    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the
-    // current directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp
-    // directory instead.
+    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
+    // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
+    // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
+    // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
+    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
+    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
+    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
+    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
+    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
+    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
+    //
+    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
+    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
+    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
+    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
+    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
+    // use /sdcard.
+    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  else
     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
     filename_ = name_template;
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -522,7 +946,7 @@ class CapturedStream {
     remove(filename_.c_str());
   }
 
-  String GetCapturedString() {
+  std::string GetCapturedString() {
     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
       // Restores the original stream.
       fflush(NULL);
@@ -532,14 +956,14 @@ class CapturedStream {
     }
 
     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
-    const String content = ReadEntireFile(file);
+    const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
     posix::FClose(file);
     return content;
   }
 
  private:
-  // Reads the entire content of a file as a String.
-  static String ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
+  // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
+  static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 
   // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
   static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
@@ -559,7 +983,7 @@ size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
 }
 
 // Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
-String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
+std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
   const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
   char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
 
@@ -575,15 +999,13 @@ String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
     bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
   } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
 
-  const String content(buffer, bytes_read);
+  const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
   delete[] buffer;
 
   return content;
 }
 
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
@@ -598,8 +1020,8 @@ void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
 }
 
 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
-  const String content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
+std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+  const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 
   delete *captured_stream;
   *captured_stream = NULL;
@@ -618,21 +1040,37 @@ void CaptureStderr() {
 }
 
 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStdout() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout); }
+std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
+}
 
 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStderr() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr); }
+std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+
+static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
+                                        NULL;  // Owned.
 
-// Returns the command line as a vector of strings.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs() { return g_argvs; }
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
+    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
+}
 
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
+    return *g_injected_test_argvs;
+  }
+  return g_argvs;
+}
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -647,8 +1085,8 @@ void Abort() {
 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
-static String FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
-  const String full_flag =
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+  const std::string full_flag =
       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
 
   Message env_var;
@@ -705,7 +1143,7 @@ bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
 //
 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
@@ -715,7 +1153,7 @@ bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
     // The environment variable is not set.
@@ -737,7 +1175,7 @@ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
 }
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
index ed63c7b3b..a2df412f8 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <cwchar>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
@@ -55,15 +56,10 @@ namespace {
 
 using ::std::ostream;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s.
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#elif _MSC_VER >= 1400  // VC 8.0 and later deprecate snprintf and _snprintf.
-# define snprintf _snprintf_s
-#elif _MSC_VER
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
                                 size_t count, ostream* os) {
   char text[5] = "";
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
       else
         *os << '-';
     }
-    snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
+    GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
     *os << text;
   }
 }
@@ -184,16 +180,16 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
         *os << static_cast<char>(c);
         return kAsIs;
       } else {
-        *os << String::Format("\\x%X", static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
         return kHexEscape;
       }
   }
   return kSpecialEscape;
 }
 
-// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
+// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
   switch (c) {
     case L'\'':
       *os << "'";
@@ -208,8 +204,9 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
 
 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
-  return PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
+  return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
+      static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
 }
 
 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
@@ -228,7 +225,7 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
   // obvious).
   if (c == 0)
     return;
-  *os << " (" << String::Format("%d", c).c_str();
+  *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
 
   // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
   // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
@@ -236,8 +233,7 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
   if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
     // Do nothing.
   } else {
-    *os << String::Format(", 0x%X",
-                          static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)).c_str();
+    *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
   }
   *os << ")";
 }
@@ -255,48 +251,69 @@ void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
-// and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
+// char or wchar_t.
+// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
+// and may not be NUL-terminated.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
+  *os << kQuoteBegin;
   bool is_previous_hex = false;
   for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const char cur = begin[index];
+    const CharType cur = begin[index];
     if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
       // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
       // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
       // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" \"";
+      *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
     }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
+    is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
   }
   *os << "\"";
 }
 
+// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  // The code
+  //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
+  // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
+  //
+  // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
+  // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
+  // written in the source code.
+  if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
+  //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
+  // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
+  // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
+}
+
 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of wide characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include L'\0'
-// characters and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len,
-                                     ostream* os) {
-  *os << "L\"";
-  bool is_previous_hex = false;
-  for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const wchar_t cur = begin[index];
-    if (is_previous_hex && isascii(cur) && IsXDigit(static_cast<char>(cur))) {
-      // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
-      // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
-      // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" L\"";
-    }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
-  }
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.
+void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
 // Prints the given C string to the ostream.
@@ -322,7 +339,7 @@ void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
     *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
-    PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os);
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os);
   }
 }
 #endif  // wchar_t is native
@@ -341,13 +358,13 @@ void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
 // Prints a ::wstring object.
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
index 5ddc67c1c..fb0e35425 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
 
 // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
 // in it.
-internal::String TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
+std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
   const char* const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
-  return stack_trace == NULL ? internal::String(message) :
-      internal::String(message, stack_trace - message);
+  return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
+      std::string(message, stack_trace);
 }
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
index a5cc88f92..e11d050a4 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ static const char* SkipSpaces(const char* str) {
   return str;
 }
 
+static std::vector<std::string> SplitIntoTestNames(const char* src) {
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec;
+  src = SkipSpaces(src);
+  for (; src != NULL; src = SkipComma(src)) {
+    name_vec.push_back(StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(src)));
+  }
+  return name_vec;
+}
+
 // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
 // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
 // aborts the program otherwise.
@@ -53,15 +62,14 @@ const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
   typedef ::std::set<const char*>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
   registered_ = true;
 
-  // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
-  // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
-  registered_tests = SkipSpaces(registered_tests);
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec = SplitIntoTestNames(registered_tests);
 
   Message errors;
-  ::std::set<String> tests;
-  for (const char* names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
-       names = SkipComma(names)) {
-    const String name = GetPrefixUntilComma(names);
+
+  std::set<std::string> tests;
+  for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator name_it = name_vec.begin();
+       name_it != name_vec.end(); ++name_it) {
+    const std::string& name = *name_it;
     if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
       errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
       continue;
@@ -93,7 +101,7 @@ const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
     }
   }
 
-  const String& errors_str = errors.GetString();
+  const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
   if (errors_str != "") {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
             errors_str.c_str());
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
index ee5eb1c49..7fd5f298d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -39,10 +39,15 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
 #include <wctype.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
@@ -77,6 +82,7 @@
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
 
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
 
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@
 // cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
 // silence it.
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #else
 
@@ -121,6 +128,8 @@
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 # include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/socket.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
@@ -179,6 +188,10 @@ bool g_help_flag = false;
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
+  return kUniversalFilter;
+}
+
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     also_run_disabled_tests,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
@@ -201,11 +214,11 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
     "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
     "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
-    "is set to xterm, xterm-color, xterm-256color, linux or cygwin.");
+    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     filter,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", kUniversalFilter),
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
     "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
     "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
     "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
@@ -305,7 +318,7 @@ UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
 // Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
 // InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
 // under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
-int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
+GTEST_API_ int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
 static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return g_init_gtest_count != 0; }
 
 // Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
@@ -360,10 +373,10 @@ void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
 }
 
 // Mutex for linked pointers.
-GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
 // Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
-String g_executable_path;
+std::string g_executable_path;
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.
@@ -382,29 +395,29 @@ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
 // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
 // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return String("");
+  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   return (colon == NULL) ?
-      String(gtest_output_flag) :
-      String(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
 }
 
 // Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
 // was explicitly specified.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
   if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
-    return String("");
+    return "";
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   if (colon == NULL)
-    return String(internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
-               internal::FilePath(
-                   UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-               internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).ToString() );
+    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+        internal::FilePath(
+            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
+        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
 
   internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
   if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
@@ -417,12 +430,12 @@ String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
         internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
 
   if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
-    return output_name.ToString();
+    return output_name.string();
 
   internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
       output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
       GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
-  return result.ToString();
+  return result.string();
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
@@ -447,7 +460,8 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
   }
 }
 
-bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
+bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
+    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
   const char *cur_pattern = filter;
   for (;;) {
     if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
@@ -467,28 +481,24 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
   }
 }
 
-// TODO(keithray): move String function implementations to gtest-string.cc.
-
 // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
 // name and the test name.
-bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                        const String &test_name) {
-  const String& full_name = String::Format("%s.%s",
-                                           test_case_name.c_str(),
-                                           test_name.c_str());
+bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                        const std::string &test_name) {
+  const std::string& full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
 
   // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
   // positive filter and negative filter portions
   const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
   const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
-  String positive;
-  String negative;
+  std::string positive;
+  std::string negative;
   if (dash == NULL) {
     positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
-    negative = String("");
+    negative = "";
   } else {
-    positive = String(p, dash - p);  // Everything up to the dash
-    negative = String(dash+1);       // Everything after the dash
+    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
+    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
     if (positive.empty()) {
       // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
       positive = kUniversalFilter;
@@ -608,7 +618,7 @@ AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
                               const TestPartResultArray& results,
                               TestPartResult::Type type,
                               const string& substr) {
-  const String expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
+  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                         "1 fatal failure" :
                         "1 non-fatal failure");
   Message msg;
@@ -731,11 +741,22 @@ int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
+                             &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
@@ -746,7 +767,7 @@ int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -756,9 +777,9 @@ int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
 // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
+std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
   (void)skip_count;
-  return String("");
+  return "";
 }
 
 // Returns the current time in milliseconds.
@@ -787,21 +808,13 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
   __timeb64 now;
 
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-
   // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
   // (deprecated function) there.
   // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
   //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
-#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
   _ftime64(&now);
-#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-# else
-
-  _ftime64(&now);
-
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
   return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
 #elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
@@ -815,41 +828,7 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 
 // Utilities
 
-// class String
-
-// Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-// otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-// for input "Hello".
-//
-// This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-//
-// Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-String String::ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str) {
-  return c_str ? String::Format("\"%s\"", c_str) : String("(null)");
-}
-
-// Copies at most length characters from str into a newly-allocated
-// piece of memory of size length+1.  The memory is allocated with new[].
-// A terminating null byte is written to the memory, and a pointer to it
-// is returned.  If str is NULL, NULL is returned.
-static char* CloneString(const char* str, size_t length) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    char* const clone = new char[length + 1];
-    posix::StrNCpy(clone, str, length);
-    clone[length] = '\0';
-    return clone;
-  }
-}
-
-// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
-// caller is responsible for deleting[] the return value.  Returns the
-// cloned string, or NULL if the input is NULL.
-const char * String::CloneCString(const char* c_str) {
-  return (c_str == NULL) ?
-                    NULL : CloneString(c_str, strlen(c_str));
-}
+// class String.
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
@@ -906,11 +885,6 @@ bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
 // encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
 static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
                                      Message* msg) {
-  // TODO(wan): consider allowing a testing::String object to
-  // contain '\0'.  This will make it behave more like std::string,
-  // and will allow ToUtf8String() to return the correct encoding
-  // for '\0' s.t. we can get rid of the conditional here (and in
-  // several other places).
   for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
     if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
       *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
@@ -927,6 +901,26 @@ static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+// Constructs an empty Message.
+// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
+// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
+// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
+// the stack space.
+Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
+  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
+  // a double to a Message.
+  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
+}
+
+// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
+// using the UTF-8 encoding.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
@@ -945,6 +939,12 @@ Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
+// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
+// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+std::string Message::GetString() const {
+  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
+}
+
 // AssertionResult constructors.
 // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
 AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
@@ -954,6 +954,13 @@ AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
                static_cast< ::std::string*>(NULL)) {
 }
 
+// Swaps two AssertionResults.
+void AssertionResult::swap(AssertionResult& other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(success_, other.success_);
+  swap(message_, other.message_);
+}
+
 // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
 AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
   AssertionResult negation(!success_);
@@ -980,6 +987,276 @@ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
 
 namespace internal {
 
+namespace edit_distance {
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(const std::vector<size_t>& left,
+                                            const std::vector<size_t>& right) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<double> > costs(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<double>(right.size() + 1));
+  std::vector<std::vector<EditType> > best_move(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<EditType>(right.size() + 1));
+
+  // Populate for empty right.
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < costs.size(); ++l_i) {
+    costs[l_i][0] = static_cast<double>(l_i);
+    best_move[l_i][0] = kRemove;
+  }
+  // Populate for empty left.
+  for (size_t r_i = 1; r_i < costs[0].size(); ++r_i) {
+    costs[0][r_i] = static_cast<double>(r_i);
+    best_move[0][r_i] = kAdd;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < left.size(); ++l_i) {
+    for (size_t r_i = 0; r_i < right.size(); ++r_i) {
+      if (left[l_i] == right[r_i]) {
+        // Found a match. Consume it.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = costs[l_i][r_i];
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kMatch;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const double add = costs[l_i + 1][r_i];
+      const double remove = costs[l_i][r_i + 1];
+      const double replace = costs[l_i][r_i];
+      if (add < remove && add < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = add + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kAdd;
+      } else if (remove < add && remove < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = remove + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kRemove;
+      } else {
+        // We make replace a little more expensive than add/remove to lower
+        // their priority.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = replace + 1.00001;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kReplace;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Reconstruct the best path. We do it in reverse order.
+  std::vector<EditType> best_path;
+  for (size_t l_i = left.size(), r_i = right.size(); l_i > 0 || r_i > 0;) {
+    EditType move = best_move[l_i][r_i];
+    best_path.push_back(move);
+    l_i -= move != kAdd;
+    r_i -= move != kRemove;
+  }
+  std::reverse(best_path.begin(), best_path.end());
+  return best_path;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class to convert string into ids with deduplication.
+class InternalStrings {
+ public:
+  size_t GetId(const std::string& str) {
+    IdMap::iterator it = ids_.find(str);
+    if (it != ids_.end()) return it->second;
+    size_t id = ids_.size();
+    return ids_[str] = id;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::map<std::string, size_t> IdMap;
+  IdMap ids_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right) {
+  std::vector<size_t> left_ids, right_ids;
+  {
+    InternalStrings intern_table;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < left.size(); ++i) {
+      left_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(left[i]));
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < right.size(); ++i) {
+      right_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(right[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  return CalculateOptimalEdits(left_ids, right_ids);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class that holds the state for one hunk and prints it out to the
+// stream.
+// It reorders adds/removes when possible to group all removes before all
+// adds. It also adds the hunk header before printint into the stream.
+class Hunk {
+ public:
+  Hunk(size_t left_start, size_t right_start)
+      : left_start_(left_start),
+        right_start_(right_start),
+        adds_(),
+        removes_(),
+        common_() {}
+
+  void PushLine(char edit, const char* line) {
+    switch (edit) {
+      case ' ':
+        ++common_;
+        FlushEdits();
+        hunk_.push_back(std::make_pair(' ', line));
+        break;
+      case '-':
+        ++removes_;
+        hunk_removes_.push_back(std::make_pair('-', line));
+        break;
+      case '+':
+        ++adds_;
+        hunk_adds_.push_back(std::make_pair('+', line));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintTo(std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintHeader(os);
+    FlushEdits();
+    for (std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> >::const_iterator it =
+             hunk_.begin();
+         it != hunk_.end(); ++it) {
+      *os << it->first << it->second << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool has_edits() const { return adds_ || removes_; }
+
+ private:
+  void FlushEdits() {
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_removes_);
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_adds_);
+  }
+
+  // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
+  // The format is
+  //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
+  // where the left/right parts are ommitted if unnecessary.
+  void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
+    *ss << "@@ ";
+    if (removes_) {
+      *ss << "-" << left_start_ << "," << (removes_ + common_);
+    }
+    if (removes_ && adds_) {
+      *ss << " ";
+    }
+    if (adds_) {
+      *ss << "+" << right_start_ << "," << (adds_ + common_);
+    }
+    *ss << " @@\n";
+  }
+
+  size_t left_start_, right_start_;
+  size_t adds_, removes_, common_;
+  std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> > hunk_, hunk_adds_, hunk_removes_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Create a list of diff hunks in Unified diff format.
+// Each hunk has a header generated by PrintHeader above plus a body with
+// lines prefixed with ' ' for no change, '-' for deletion and '+' for
+// addition.
+// 'context' represents the desired unchanged prefix/suffix around the diff.
+// If two hunks are close enough that their contexts overlap, then they are
+// joined into one hunk.
+std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                              size_t context) {
+  const std::vector<EditType> edits = CalculateOptimalEdits(left, right);
+
+  size_t l_i = 0, r_i = 0, edit_i = 0;
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  while (edit_i < edits.size()) {
+    // Find first edit.
+    while (edit_i < edits.size() && edits[edit_i] == kMatch) {
+      ++l_i;
+      ++r_i;
+      ++edit_i;
+    }
+
+    // Find the first line to include in the hunk.
+    const size_t prefix_context = std::min(l_i, context);
+    Hunk hunk(l_i - prefix_context + 1, r_i - prefix_context + 1);
+    for (size_t i = prefix_context; i > 0; --i) {
+      hunk.PushLine(' ', left[l_i - i].c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Iterate the edits until we found enough suffix for the hunk or the input
+    // is over.
+    size_t n_suffix = 0;
+    for (; edit_i < edits.size(); ++edit_i) {
+      if (n_suffix >= context) {
+        // Continue only if the next hunk is very close.
+        std::vector<EditType>::const_iterator it = edits.begin() + edit_i;
+        while (it != edits.end() && *it == kMatch) ++it;
+        if (it == edits.end() || (it - edits.begin()) - edit_i >= context) {
+          // There is no next edit or it is too far away.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      EditType edit = edits[edit_i];
+      // Reset count when a non match is found.
+      n_suffix = edit == kMatch ? n_suffix + 1 : 0;
+
+      if (edit == kMatch || edit == kRemove || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine(edit == kMatch ? ' ' : '-', left[l_i].c_str());
+      }
+      if (edit == kAdd || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine('+', right[r_i].c_str());
+      }
+
+      // Advance indices, depending on edit type.
+      l_i += edit != kAdd;
+      r_i += edit != kRemove;
+    }
+
+    if (!hunk.has_edits()) {
+      // We are done. We don't want this hunk.
+      break;
+    }
+
+    hunk.PrintTo(&ss);
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+namespace {
+
+// The string representation of the values received in EqFailure() are already
+// escaped. Split them on escaped '\n' boundaries. Leave all other escaped
+// characters the same.
+std::vector<std::string> SplitEscapedString(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  size_t start = 0, end = str.size();
+  if (end > 2 && str[0] == '"' && str[end - 1] == '"') {
+    ++start;
+    --end;
+  }
+  bool escaped = false;
+  for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < end; ++i) {
+    if (escaped) {
+      escaped = false;
+      if (str[i] == 'n') {
+        lines.push_back(str.substr(start, i - start - 1));
+        start = i + 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      escaped = str[i] == '\\';
+    }
+  }
+  lines.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
+  return lines;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
 //
@@ -997,8 +1274,8 @@ namespace internal {
 // be inserted into the message.
 AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
                           const char* actual_expression,
-                          const String& expected_value,
-                          const String& actual_value,
+                          const std::string& expected_value,
+                          const std::string& actual_value,
                           bool ignoring_case) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
@@ -1014,14 +1291,26 @@ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
     msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
   }
 
+  if (!expected_value.empty() && !actual_value.empty()) {
+    const std::vector<std::string> expected_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(expected_value);
+    const std::vector<std::string> actual_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(actual_value);
+    if (expected_lines.size() > 1 || actual_lines.size() > 1) {
+      msg << "\nWith diff:\n"
+          << edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff(expected_lines, actual_lines);
+    }
+  }
+
   return AssertionFailure() << msg;
 }
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
-                                      const char* expression_text,
-                                      const char* actual_predicate_value,
-                                      const char* expected_predicate_value) {
+std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
+    const char* expression_text,
+    const char* actual_predicate_value,
+    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
   const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
   Message msg;
   msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
@@ -1168,8 +1457,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
 }
 
@@ -1184,8 +1473,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    true);
 }
 
@@ -1349,7 +1638,7 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
   // want inserts expanded.
   const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
-  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;  // String::Format can't exceed this length.
+  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
   // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
   char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
   DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
@@ -1359,7 +1648,7 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
                                           error_text,  // output buffer
                                           kBufSize,  // buf size
                                           NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
-  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing cr-lf)
+  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
   for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
           --message_length) {
     error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
@@ -1367,10 +1656,10 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
-  const String error_hex(String::Format("0x%08X ", hr));
+  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
   return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
       << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << error_text << "\n";
+      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -1427,12 +1716,15 @@ inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
+  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
+    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
+  }
+
+  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
   if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
     str[1] = '\0';
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
@@ -1445,22 +1737,12 @@ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
-  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4) {
+  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
     str[4] = '\0';
     str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
-  } else {
-    // The longest string String::Format can produce when invoked
-    // with these parameters is 28 character long (not including
-    // the terminating nul character). We are asking for 32 character
-    // buffer just in case. This is also enough for strncpy to
-    // null-terminate the destination string.
-    posix::StrNCpy(
-        str, String::Format("(Invalid Unicode 0x%X)", code_point).c_str(), 32);
-    str[31] = '\0';  // Makes sure no change in the format to strncpy leaves
-                     // the result unterminated.
   }
   return str;
 }
@@ -1501,7 +1783,7 @@ inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
+std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
   if (num_chars == -1)
     num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
 
@@ -1519,27 +1801,17 @@ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
       unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
     }
 
-    char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer this big.
-    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point, buffer);
+    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
   }
   return StringStreamToString(&stream);
 }
 
-// Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
+// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
 // NULL will be converted to "(null)".
-String String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
-
-  return String(internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1).c_str());
-}
-
-// Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-// the converted string in double quotes.
-String String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
+std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
+  if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";
 
-  return String::Format("L\"%s\"",
-                        String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str).c_str());
+  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
 }
 
 // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
@@ -1567,8 +1839,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
 }
 
@@ -1583,8 +1855,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
 
   return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                             << s2_expression << "), actual: "
-                            << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s1)
-                            << " vs " << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s2);
+                            << PrintToString(s1)
+                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
 }
 
 // Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
@@ -1635,135 +1907,69 @@ bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
 #endif  // OS selector
 }
 
-// Compares this with another String.
-// Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-// if this is greater than rhs.
-int String::Compare(const String & rhs) const {
-  const char* const lhs_c_str = c_str();
-  const char* const rhs_c_str = rhs.c_str();
-
-  if (lhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return rhs_c_str == NULL ? 0 : -1;  // NULL < anything except NULL
-  } else if (rhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  const size_t shorter_str_len =
-      length() <= rhs.length() ? length() : rhs.length();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != shorter_str_len; i++) {
-    if (lhs_c_str[i] < rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return -1;
-    } else if (lhs_c_str[i] > rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return (length() < rhs.length()) ? -1 :
-      (length() > rhs.length()) ? 1 : 0;
+// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
+// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
+  const size_t str_len = str.length();
+  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
+  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
+         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
+                                      suffix.c_str());
 }
 
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-// String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWith(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
+// Formats an int value as "%02d".
+std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
-// Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
+// Formats an int value as "%X".
+std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-// spec string as for printf.
-//
-// We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-// available.
-//
-// The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing 0).
-// If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input, or if
-// there's an error, "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" is
-// returned.
-String String::Format(const char * format, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, format);
-
-  char buffer[4096];
-  const int kBufferSize = sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]);
-
-  // MSVC 8 deprecates vsnprintf(), so we want to suppress warning
-  // 4996 (deprecated function) there.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER  // We are using MSVC.
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
-
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#else  // We are not using MSVC.
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-  va_end(args);
-
-  // vsnprintf()'s behavior is not portable.  When the buffer is not
-  // big enough, it returns a negative value in MSVC, and returns the
-  // needed buffer size on Linux.  When there is an output error, it
-  // always returns a negative value.  For simplicity, we lump the two
-  // error cases together.
-  if (size < 0 || size >= kBufferSize) {
-    return String("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>");
-  } else {
-    return String(buffer, size);
-  }
+// Formats a byte as "%02X".
+std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
+     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to a String, converting NUL
+// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
 // bytes to "\\0" along the way.
-String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
+std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
   const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
   const char* const start = str.c_str();
   const char* const end = start + str.length();
 
-  // We need to use a helper stringstream to do this transformation
-  // because String doesn't support push_back().
-  ::std::stringstream helper;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
   for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
     if (*ch == '\0') {
-      helper << "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
+      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
     } else {
-      helper.put(*ch);
+      result += *ch;
     }
   }
 
-  return String(helper.str().c_str());
+  return result;
 }
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                         const Message& user_msg) {
+std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
+                              const Message& user_msg) {
   // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
-  const String user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
+  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
   if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
     return gtest_msg;
   }
 
-  Message msg;
-  msg << gtest_msg << "\n" << user_msg_string;
-
-  return msg.GetString();
+  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -1811,8 +2017,9 @@ void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
 // Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
 // supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
 // replaces the old value for that key.
-void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  if (!ValidateTestProperty(test_property)) {
+void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
     return;
   }
   internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
@@ -1826,21 +2033,94 @@ void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
   property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
 }
 
-// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
-// testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  internal::String key(test_property.key());
-  if (key == "name" || key == "status" || key == "time" || key == "classname") {
-    ADD_FAILURE()
-        << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): "
-        << key
-        << " ('name', 'status', 'time', and 'classname' are reserved by "
-        << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "random_seed",
+  "tests",
+  "time",
+  "timestamp"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "tests",
+  "time"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
+  "classname",
+  "name",
+  "status",
+  "time",
+  "type_param",
+  "value_param"
+};
+
+template <int kSize>
+std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
+  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
+    const std::string& xml_element) {
+  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
+  }
+  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
+  return std::vector<std::string>();
+}
+
+static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  Message word_list;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
+      word_list << ", ";
+    }
+    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
+      word_list << "and ";
+    }
+    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
+  }
+  return word_list.GetString();
+}
+
+bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
+  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
+          reserved_names.end()) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
+                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
+                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
+// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
+// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
+bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
+                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
+}
+
 // Clears the object.
 void TestResult::Clear() {
   test_part_results_.clear();
@@ -1916,12 +2196,12 @@ void Test::TearDown() {
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(key, value);
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
   Message value_message;
   value_message << value;
   RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
@@ -1930,7 +2210,7 @@ void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
 namespace internal {
 
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message) {
+                                    const std::string& message) {
   // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
   // AddTestPartResult.
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
@@ -1938,7 +2218,7 @@ void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
       NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
       -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
       message,
-      String());  // No stack trace, either.
+      "");   // No stack trace, either.
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -1969,8 +2249,8 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
     const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
 
     if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
-      // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
-      // him/her how to fix it.
+      // Both TEST and TEST_F appear in same test case, which is incorrect.
+      // Tell the user how to fix this.
 
       // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
       // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
@@ -1990,8 +2270,8 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
           << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
           << "case.";
     } else {
-      // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
-      // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
+      // Two fixture classes with the same name appear in two different
+      // namespaces, which is not allowed. Tell the user how to fix this.
       ADD_FAILURE()
           << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
           << "class.  However, in test case "
@@ -2015,22 +2295,24 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
 // function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
 // prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
 // using __try (see error C2712).
-static internal::String* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
-                                                   const char* location) {
+static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
+                                              const char* location) {
   Message message;
   message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
     exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
 
-  return new internal::String(message.GetString());
+  return new std::string(message.GetString());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
+namespace internal {
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
-static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
-                                                  const char* location) {
+static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
+                                             const char* location) {
   Message message;
   if (description != NULL) {
     message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
@@ -2042,23 +2324,15 @@ static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
   return message.GetString();
 }
 
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
 
-// A failed Google Test assertion will throw an exception of this type when
-// GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions are enabled).  We
-// derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for errors presumably
-// detectable only at run time.  Since std::runtime_error inherits from
-// std::exception, many testing frameworks know how to extract and print the
-// message inside it.
-class GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
- public:
-  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure)
-      : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
-};
+GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
+    const TestPartResult& failure)
+    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
-namespace internal {
 // We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
 // compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
 
@@ -2078,7 +2352,7 @@ Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
     // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
     // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
     // (see error C2712).
-    internal::String* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
+    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
         GetExceptionCode(), location);
     internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                                              *exception_message);
@@ -2124,9 +2398,10 @@ Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
     try {
       return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
-    } catch (const GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
-      // This exception doesn't originate in code under test. It makes no
-      // sense to report it as a test failure.
+    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
+      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
+      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
+      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
       throw;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT
       internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
@@ -2185,10 +2460,8 @@ bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
 
 // Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
 // object.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Make a_test_case_name and a_name const string&'s
-// to signify they cannot be NULLs.
-TestInfo::TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_name,
-                   const char* a_name,
+TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_case_name,
+                   const std::string& a_name,
                    const char* a_type_param,
                    const char* a_value_param,
                    internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -2227,7 +2500,8 @@ namespace internal {
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -2282,11 +2556,11 @@ class TestNameIs {
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
   bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
-    return test_info && internal::String(test_info->name()).Compare(name_) == 0;
+    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
   }
 
  private:
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -2365,10 +2639,21 @@ int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
 int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
+}
+
 // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
 int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
@@ -2456,6 +2741,7 @@ void TestCase::Run() {
 
 // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
 void TestCase::ClearResult() {
+  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
 }
 
@@ -2476,20 +2762,20 @@ void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
 //
 // FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
 // FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
-static internal::String FormatCountableNoun(int count,
-                                            const char * singular_form,
-                                            const char * plural_form) {
-  return internal::String::Format("%d %s", count,
-                                  count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
+static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
+                                       const char * singular_form,
+                                       const char * plural_form) {
+  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
+      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
 }
 
 // Formats the count of tests.
-static internal::String FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
 }
 
 // Formats the count of test cases.
-static internal::String FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
 }
 
@@ -2514,8 +2800,10 @@ static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
   }
 }
 
-// Prints a TestPartResult to a String.
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+namespace internal {
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
   return (Message()
           << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
@@ -2526,7 +2814,7 @@ static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult.
 static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  const internal::String& result =
+  const std::string& result =
       PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
   printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
@@ -2545,8 +2833,6 @@ static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
 
 // class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
 
-namespace internal {
-
 enum GTestColor {
   COLOR_DEFAULT,
   COLOR_RED,
@@ -2554,7 +2840,8 @@ enum GTestColor {
   COLOR_YELLOW
 };
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
 // Returns the character attribute for the given color.
 WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
@@ -2598,6 +2885,7 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
     return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
@@ -2621,8 +2909,9 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
-  const bool use_color = false;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || \
+    GTEST_OS_IOS || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  const bool use_color = AlwaysFalse();
 #else
   static const bool in_color_mode =
       ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
@@ -2636,7 +2925,8 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
     return;
   }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
   // Gets the current text color.
@@ -2663,6 +2953,11 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_end(args);
 }
 
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
+static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
+static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
+
 void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
   const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
@@ -2670,12 +2965,12 @@ void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
     printf(", where ");
     if (type_param != NULL) {
-      printf("TypeParam = %s", type_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
       if (value_param != NULL)
         printf(" and ");
     }
     if (value_param != NULL) {
-      printf("GetParam() = %s", value_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2707,8 +3002,6 @@ class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
 
  private:
   static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-
-  internal::String test_case_name_;
 };
 
   // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
@@ -2721,7 +3014,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
 
   // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
   // tests may be skipped.
-  if (!internal::String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
+  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                   "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
   }
@@ -2755,22 +3048,21 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
-  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str());
+  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
   if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
     printf("\n");
   } else {
-    printf(", where TypeParam = %s\n", test_case.type_param());
+    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
   }
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   printf("\n");
   fflush(stdout);
 }
@@ -2793,7 +3085,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   } else {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
   }
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   if (test_info.result()->Failed())
     PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
 
@@ -2809,12 +3101,11 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
   if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
 
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
   printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
-         counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str(),
+         counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
          internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
 }
@@ -2875,7 +3166,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
                         num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
   }
 
-  int num_disabled = unit_test.disabled_test_count();
+  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
   if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
     if (!num_failures) {
       printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
@@ -3029,18 +3320,27 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
   // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
   // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
   // with character references.
-  static String EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute);
+  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
 
   // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
-  static string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str);
+  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlAttribute(const char* str) {
+  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
     return EscapeXml(str, true);
   }
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlText(const char* str) { return EscapeXml(str, false); }
+  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
+    return EscapeXml(str, false);
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
+  // streams the attribute as XML.
+  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
+                                 const std::string& element_name,
+                                 const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& value);
 
   // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
   static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
@@ -3051,19 +3351,21 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
                                 const TestInfo& test_info);
 
   // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-  static void PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out, const TestCase& test_case);
+  static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const TestCase& test_case);
 
   // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out, const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
 
   // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
   // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-  // When the String is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
+  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
   // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
-  static String TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
+  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
 
   // The output file.
-  const String output_file_;
+  const std::string output_file_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
 };
@@ -3105,7 +3407,9 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
     fflush(stderr);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
-  PrintXmlUnitTest(xmlout, unit_test);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
+  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
   fclose(xmlout);
 }
 
@@ -3121,42 +3425,43 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
 // most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
 // TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
 // escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
+    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
   Message m;
 
-  if (str != NULL) {
-    for (const char* src = str; *src; ++src) {
-      switch (*src) {
-        case '<':
-          m << "&lt;";
-          break;
-        case '>':
-          m << "&gt;";
-          break;
-        case '&':
-          m << "&amp;";
-          break;
-        case '\'':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&apos;";
-          else
-            m << '\'';
-          break;
-        case '"':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&quot;";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    const char ch = str[i];
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '<':
+        m << "&lt;";
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        m << "&gt;";
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        m << "&amp;";
+        break;
+      case '\'':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&apos;";
+        else
+          m << '\'';
+        break;
+      case '"':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&quot;";
+        else
+          m << '"';
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
+          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
+            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
+              << ";";
           else
-            m << '"';
-          break;
-        default:
-          if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*src)) {
-            if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(*src))
-              m << String::Format("&#x%02X;", unsigned(*src));
-            else
-              m << *src;
-          }
-          break;
-      }
+            m << ch;
+        }
+        break;
     }
   }
 
@@ -3166,10 +3471,11 @@ String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
 // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
 // Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
 // alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
-string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str) {
-  string output;
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
+    const std::string& str) {
+  std::string output;
   output.reserve(str.size());
-  for (string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
+  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
     if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
       output.push_back(*it);
 
@@ -3199,6 +3505,37 @@ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
   return ss.str();
 }
 
+static bool PortableLocaltime(time_t seconds, struct tm* out) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  return localtime_s(out, &seconds) == 0;
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+  // MINGW <time.h> provides neither localtime_r nor localtime_s, but uses
+  // Windows' localtime(), which has a thread-local tm buffer.
+  struct tm* tm_ptr = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
+  if (tm_ptr == NULL)
+    return false;
+  *out = *tm_ptr;
+  return true;
+#else
+  return localtime_r(&seconds, out) != NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
+// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
+std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  struct tm time_struct;
+  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
+    return "";
+  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
+  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
+}
+
 // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                      const char* data) {
@@ -3219,48 +3556,63 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
   *stream << "]]>";
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    const std::string& value) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
+      << ">.";
+
+  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
+}
+
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
 // TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                  const char* test_case_name,
                                                  const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  if (test_info.filtered_out ())
-    return;
-
   const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
-  *stream << "    <testcase name=\""
-          << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.name()).c_str() << "\"";
+  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
+
+  *stream << "    <testcase";
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
 
   if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " value_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.value_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
+                       test_info.value_param());
   }
   if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " type_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.type_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
   }
 
-  *stream << " status=\""
-          << (test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun")
-          << "\" time=\""
-          << FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time())
-          << "\" classname=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case_name).c_str()
-          << "\"" << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result).c_str();
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
+                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
 
   int failures = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
     const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
     if (part.failed()) {
-      if (++failures == 1)
+      if (++failures == 1) {
         *stream << ">\n";
-      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
-              << EscapeXmlAttribute(part.summary()).c_str()
-              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      }
       const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
           part.file_name(), part.line_number());
-      const string message = location + "\n" + part.message();
-      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream,
-                            RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(message).c_str());
+      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
+      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
+              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
+              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
+      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
       *stream << "</failure>\n";
     }
   }
@@ -3272,52 +3624,73 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const TestCase& test_case) {
-  if (test_case.should_skip_report ())
-    return;
+  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
+  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
+          << ">\n";
 
-  fprintf(out,
-          "  <testsuite name=\"%s\" tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" "
-          "disabled=\"%d\" ",
-          EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case.name()).c_str(),
-          test_case.total_test_count(),
-          test_case.failed_test_count(),
-          test_case.disabled_test_count());
-  fprintf(out,
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\">\n",
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
   for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
-    ::std::stringstream stream;
-    OutputXmlTestInfo(&stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
-    fprintf(out, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
+      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "  </testsuite>\n");
+  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-  fprintf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
-  fprintf(out,
-          "<testsuites tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" disabled=\"%d\" "
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\" ",
-          unit_test.total_test_count(),
-          unit_test.failed_test_count(),
-          unit_test.disabled_test_count(),
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+
+  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
+      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
+
   if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-    fprintf(out, "random_seed=\"%d\" ", unit_test.random_seed());
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
+                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
+  }
+
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
+  *stream << ">\n";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
+      PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "name=\"AllTests\">\n");
-  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
-    PrintXmlTestCase(out, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
-  fprintf(out, "</testsuites>\n");
+  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
 // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
     const TestResult& result) {
   Message attributes;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
@@ -3332,112 +3705,6 @@ String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
-// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
-class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
- public:
-  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
-  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
-
-  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
-      : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
-    MakeConnection();
-    Send("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0\n");
-  }
-
-  virtual ~StreamingListener() {
-    if (sockfd_ != -1)
-      CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
-    Send("event=TestProgramStart\n");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
-    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=%d\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed()));
-
-    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
-    CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=%d\n",
-                        iteration));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseStart&name=%s\n", test_case.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        test_case.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestStart&name=%s\n", test_info.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format(
-        "event=TestEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-        (test_info.result())->Passed(),
-        StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
-    if (file_name == NULL)
-      file_name = "";
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestPartResult&file=%s&line=%d&message=",
-                        UrlEncode(file_name).c_str(),
-                        test_part_result.line_number()));
-    Send(UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()) + "\n");
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
-  void MakeConnection();
-
-  // Closes the socket.
-  void CloseConnection() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    close(sockfd_);
-    sockfd_ = -1;
-  }
-
-  // Sends a string to the socket.
-  void Send(const string& message) {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
-    if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
-      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
-          << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
-          << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
-    }
-  }
-
-  int sockfd_;   // socket file descriptor
-  const string host_name_;
-  const string port_num_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
-};  // class StreamingListener
-
 // Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
 // replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
 // example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
@@ -3452,7 +3719,7 @@ string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
       case '=':
       case '&':
       case '\n':
-        result.append(String::Format("%%%02x", static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
         break;
       default:
         result.push_back(ch);
@@ -3462,7 +3729,7 @@ string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
   return result;
 }
 
-void StreamingListener::MakeConnection() {
+void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
       << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
 
@@ -3510,8 +3777,8 @@ void StreamingListener::MakeConnection() {
 
 // Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
 // trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
+ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   TraceInfo trace;
   trace.file = file;
   trace.line = line;
@@ -3521,35 +3788,64 @@ ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
 }
 
 // Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace() {
+ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
 }
 
 
 // class OsStackTraceGetter
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
 //
 //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
 //                in the trace.
 //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
 //                against max_depth.
 //
-// L < mutex_
-// We use "L < mutex_" to denote that the function may acquire mutex_.
-String OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int, int) {
-  return String("");
+string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /* max_depth */,
+                                             int /* skip_count */)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  return "";
 }
 
-// L < mutex_
-void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {
+void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
 }
 
 const char* const
 OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
     "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
 
+// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
+// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
+class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
+    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
+      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
+      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
+      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
+      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
+      fclose(pfile);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
+    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
+      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // class TestEventListeners
@@ -3636,7 +3932,7 @@ void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
 // We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
 // call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
 // value will never change.
-UnitTest * UnitTest::GetInstance() {
+UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
   // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
   // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
   // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
@@ -3686,17 +3982,33 @@ int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
 // Gets the number of failed tests.
 int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
   return impl()->disabled_test_count();
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
 
 // Gets the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
 
+// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+// UNIX epoch.
+internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
+    return impl()->start_timestamp();
+}
+
 // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
 internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
   return impl()->elapsed_time();
@@ -3715,6 +4027,12 @@ const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
   return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
 }
 
+// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
+  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
+}
+
 // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
 // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
 TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
@@ -3750,12 +4068,12 @@ Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
 // assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
 // this to report their results.  The user code should use the
 // assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                 const char* file_name,
-                                 int line_number,
-                                 const internal::String& message,
-                                 const internal::String& os_stack_trace) {
+void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
+    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+    const char* file_name,
+    int line_number,
+    const std::string& message,
+    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   Message msg;
   msg << message;
 
@@ -3788,7 +4106,7 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
     // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
     // command line for debugging.
     if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
       // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
       // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
       // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
@@ -3802,7 +4120,7 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-      throw GoogleTestFailureException(result);
+      throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
 #else
       // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
       // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
@@ -3812,12 +4130,14 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
   }
 }
 
-// Creates and adds a property to the current TestResult. If a property matching
-// the supplied value already exists, updates its value instead.
-void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
-                                            const char* value) {
-  const TestProperty test_property(key, value);
-  impl_->current_test_result()->RecordProperty(test_property);
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+// the same key, the value will be updated.
+void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
+                              const std::string& value) {
+  impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
 }
 
 // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
@@ -3826,21 +4146,45 @@ void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
 // We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
 // from the main thread.
 int UnitTest::Run() {
+  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
+      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
+
+  // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
+  // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
+  //
+  //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
+  //      is specified by the environment variable
+  //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
+  //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
+  //
+  // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
+  // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
+  // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
+  // exited prematurely.
+
+  // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
+  // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
+  // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
+  // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
+  // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
+  // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
+  // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
+  // test as having failed.
+  const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
+      in_death_test_child_process ?
+      NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
+
   // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
   // used for the duration of the program.
   impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
-      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
-
   // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
   // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
   // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
   // about crashes - they are expected.
   if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
     // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
     SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                  SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
@@ -3870,7 +4214,6 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
           0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
           _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
 # endif
-
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
@@ -3888,16 +4231,16 @@ const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
 
 // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const {
+const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_case();
 }
 
 // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const {
+const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_info();
 }
@@ -3908,9 +4251,9 @@ int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
 // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-// L < mutex_
 internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
-    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry() {
+    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
@@ -3927,15 +4270,15 @@ UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
 
 // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
 // Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace) {
+void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
 }
 
 // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace() {
+void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
 }
@@ -3944,17 +4287,10 @@ namespace internal {
 
 UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
     : parent_(parent),
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
-                                         // (using this in initializer).
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4355 /* using this in initializer */)
       default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
       default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
-#else
-      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
       global_test_part_result_repoter_(
           &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
       per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
@@ -3971,9 +4307,9 @@ UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
       post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
       random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
       random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
+      start_timestamp_(0),
       elapsed_time_(0),
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-      internal_run_death_test_flag_(NULL),
       death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
 #endif
       // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
@@ -3991,6 +4327,28 @@ UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
   delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
 }
 
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
+// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
+// the value will be updated.
+void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  std::string xml_element;
+  TestResult* test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.
+
+  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testcase";
+    test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
+  } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testsuite";
+    test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
+  } else {
+    xml_element = "testsuites";
+    test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  }
+  test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
 // subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
@@ -4003,7 +4361,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
 // Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
 // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
-  const String& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
   if (output_format == "xml") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
@@ -4015,13 +4373,13 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in String form.
+// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
 // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
-  const string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
   if (!target.empty()) {
     const size_t pos = target.find(':');
-    if (pos != string::npos) {
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
       listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
                                                 target.substr(pos+1)));
     } else {
@@ -4075,7 +4433,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
 class TestCaseNameIs {
  public:
   // Constructor.
-  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const String& name)
+  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string& name)
       : name_(name) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
@@ -4084,7 +4442,7 @@ class TestCaseNameIs {
   }
 
  private:
-  String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
@@ -4116,7 +4474,7 @@ TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
       new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);
 
   // Is this a death test case?
-  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(String(test_case_name),
+  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                                                kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
     // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
     // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
@@ -4202,6 +4560,7 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
 
   TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
 
+  start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
   repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);
 
   // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
@@ -4394,14 +4753,12 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
   int num_selected_tests = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
-    const String &test_case_name = test_case->name();
+    const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
     test_case->set_should_run(false);
 
-    bool any_matched_filter = false;
-
     for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
       TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
-      const String test_name(test_info->name());
+      const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
       // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
       // kDisableTestFilter.
       const bool is_disabled =
@@ -4415,7 +4772,6 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
           internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
                                                        test_name);
       test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;
-      any_matched_filter |= matches_filter;
 
       const bool is_runnable =
           (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
@@ -4432,14 +4788,37 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
       test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
       test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
     }
-
-    test_case->set_should_skip_report(!any_matched_filter);
   }
   return num_selected_tests;
 }
 
+// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
+// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
+// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
+// and "...".
+static void PrintOnOneLine(const char* str, int max_length) {
+  if (str != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
+      if (i >= max_length) {
+        printf("...");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (*str == '\n') {
+        printf("\\n");
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        printf("%c", *str);
+        ++i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
 void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
+  // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
+  const int kMaxParamLength = 250;
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
     bool printed_test_case_name = false;
@@ -4450,9 +4829,23 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
       if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
         if (!printed_test_case_name) {
           printed_test_case_name = true;
-          printf("%s.\n", test_case->name());
+          printf("%s.", test_case->name());
+          if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
+            printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
+            // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
+            // the output easy to parse by a program.
+            PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+          }
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
+        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
+          printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
+          // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
+          // output easy to parse by a program.
+          PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
         }
-        printf("  %s\n", test_info->name());
+        printf("\n");
       }
     }
   }
@@ -4516,7 +4909,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
   }
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -4526,8 +4919,8 @@ void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
-                                       int skip_count) {
+std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
+                                            int skip_count) {
   // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
   // to what the user really wants to skip.
   return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
@@ -4575,7 +4968,7 @@ const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
 
   // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
-  const String flag_str = String::Format("--%s%s", GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, flag);
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
   const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
   if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
 
@@ -4640,7 +5033,7 @@ bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
@@ -4692,7 +5085,7 @@ static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
       return;
     }
 
-    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", String(str, p - str).c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());
 
     const char ch = p[1];
     str = p + 2;
@@ -4782,7 +5175,7 @@ static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
 template <typename CharType>
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
   for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
-    const String arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
+    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
     const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
 
     using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
index a09bbe0c6..f30282255 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-#include <iostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  std::cout << "Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n";
-
+  printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
index cf6396e95..fe2f072de 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ TEST(AddressFromURL, Success)
   
   bool dnssec_result = false;
 
-  std::vector<std::string> addresses = tools::wallet2::addresses_from_url("donate.monero.cc", dnssec_result);
+  std::vector<std::string> addresses = tools::wallet2::addresses_from_url("donate.getmonero.org", dnssec_result);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(1, addresses.size());
   if (addresses.size() == 1)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
index 49b31fe7a..680633778 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ TEST(DNSResolver, GetTXTRecord)
 {
   bool avail, valid;
 
-  std::vector<std::string> records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record("donate.monero.cc", avail, valid);
+  std::vector<std::string> records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record("donate.getmonero.org", avail, valid);
 
   EXPECT_NE(0, records.size());
 
   for (auto& rec : records)
   {
-    std::cout << "TXT record for donate.monero.cc: " << rec << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "TXT record for donate.getmonero.org: " << rec << std::endl;
   }
 }