This is the start of the BETA21 branch.

It includes the --topology feature, and
TAP-Win32 driver changes to allow
non-admin access.



git-svn-id: http://svn.openvpn.net/projects/openvpn/branches/BETA21/openvpn@580 e7ae566f-a301-0410-adde-c780ea21d3b5

1 files changed, 2727 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/init.c b/init.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a4c100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2727 @@
+/*
+ *  OpenVPN -- An application to securely tunnel IP networks
+ *             over a single TCP/UDP port, with support for SSL/TLS-based
+ *             session authentication and key exchange,
+ *             packet encryption, packet authentication, and
+ *             packet compression.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2002-2005 OpenVPN Solutions LLC <info@openvpn.net>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program (see the file COPYING included with this
+ *  distribution); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include "config-win32.h"
+#else
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "syshead.h"
+
+#include "win32.h"
+#include "init.h"
+#include "sig.h"
+#include "occ.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "otime.h"
+#include "pool.h"
+#include "gremlin.h"
+
+#include "memdbg.h"
+
+#include "occ-inline.h"
+
+/*
+ * Crypto initialization flags
+ */
+#define CF_LOAD_PERSISTED_PACKET_ID (1<<0)
+#define CF_INIT_TLS_MULTI           (1<<1)
+#define CF_INIT_TLS_AUTH_STANDALONE (1<<2)
+
+static void do_init_first_time (struct context *c);
+
+void
+context_clear (struct context *c)
+{
+  CLEAR (*c);
+}
+
+void
+context_clear_1 (struct context *c)
+{
+  CLEAR (c->c1);
+}
+
+void
+context_clear_2 (struct context *c)
+{
+  CLEAR (c->c2);
+}
+
+void
+context_clear_all_except_first_time (struct context *c)
+{
+  const bool first_time_save = c->first_time;
+  context_clear (c);
+  c->first_time = first_time_save;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize and possibly randomize remote list.
+ */
+static void
+init_remote_list (struct context *c)
+{
+  c->c1.remote_list = NULL;
+
+  if (c->options.remote_list)
+    {
+      struct remote_list *l;
+      ALLOC_OBJ_GC (c->c1.remote_list, struct remote_list, &c->gc);
+      l = c->c1.remote_list;
+      *l = *c->options.remote_list;
+      l->current = -1;
+      if (c->options.remote_random)
+	remote_list_randomize (l);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+context_init_1 (struct context *c)
+{
+  context_clear_1 (c);
+
+  packet_id_persist_init (&c->c1.pid_persist);
+  init_remote_list (c);
+
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  /* Certificate password input */
+  if (c->options.key_pass_file)
+    pem_password_setup (c->options.key_pass_file);
+#endif
+  
+#if P2MP
+  /* Auth user/pass input */
+  if (c->options.auth_user_pass_file)
+    {
+      auth_user_pass_setup (c->options.auth_user_pass_file);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_HTTP_PROXY
+  if (c->options.http_proxy_options)
+    {
+      /* Possible HTTP proxy user/pass input */
+      c->c1.http_proxy = new_http_proxy (c->options.http_proxy_options,
+					 &c->gc);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SOCKS
+  if (c->options.socks_proxy_server)
+    {
+      c->c1.socks_proxy = new_socks_proxy (c->options.socks_proxy_server,
+					   c->options.socks_proxy_port,
+					   c->options.socks_proxy_retry,
+					   &c->gc);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+context_gc_free (struct context *c)
+{
+  gc_free (&c->c2.gc);
+  gc_free (&c->options.gc);
+  gc_free (&c->gc);
+}
+
+bool
+init_static (void)
+{
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(DMALLOC)
+  openssl_dmalloc_init ();
+#endif
+
+  init_random_seed ();		/* init random() function, only used as
+				   source for weak random numbers */
+  error_reset ();		/* initialize error.c */
+  reset_check_status ();	/* initialize status check code in socket.c */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+  init_win32 ();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef OPENVPN_DEBUG_COMMAND_LINE
+  {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+      msg (M_INFO, "argv[%d] = '%s'", i, argv[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  update_time ();
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  init_ssl_lib ();
+
+  /* init PRNG used for IV generation */
+  /* When forking, copy this to more places in the code to avoid fork
+     random-state predictability */
+  prng_init ();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PID_TEST
+  packet_id_interactive_test ();	/* test the sequence number code */
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SCHEDULE_TEST
+  schedule_test ();
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LIST_TEST
+  list_test ();
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IFCONFIG_POOL_TEST
+  ifconfig_pool_test (0x0A010004, 0x0A0100FF);
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CHARACTER_CLASS_DEBUG
+  character_class_debug ();
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef EXTRACT_X509_FIELD_TEST
+  extract_x509_field_test ();
+  return false;
+#endif
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void
+uninit_static (void)
+{
+  openvpn_thread_cleanup ();
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  free_ssl_lib ();
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MEASURE_TLS_HANDSHAKE_STATS) && defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  show_tls_performance_stats ();
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+init_verb_mute (struct context *c, unsigned int flags)
+{
+  if (flags & IVM_LEVEL_1)
+    {
+      /* set verbosity and mute levels */
+      set_check_status (D_LINK_ERRORS, D_READ_WRITE);
+      set_debug_level (c->options.verbosity, SDL_CONSTRAIN);
+      set_mute_cutoff (c->options.mute);
+    }
+
+  /* special D_LOG_RW mode */
+  if (flags & IVM_LEVEL_2)
+    c->c2.log_rw = (check_debug_level (D_LOG_RW) && !check_debug_level (D_LOG_RW + 1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Possibly set --dev based on --dev-node.
+ * For example, if --dev-node /tmp/foo/tun, and --dev undefined,
+ * set --dev to tun.
+ */
+void
+init_options_dev (struct options *options)
+{
+  if (!options->dev)
+    options->dev = dev_component_in_dev_node (options->dev_node);
+}
+
+bool
+print_openssl_info (const struct options *options)
+{
+  /*
+   * OpenSSL info print mode?
+   */
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  if (options->show_ciphers || options->show_digests || options->show_engines
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+      || options->show_tls_ciphers
+#endif
+    )
+    {
+      if (options->show_ciphers)
+	show_available_ciphers ();
+      if (options->show_digests)
+	show_available_digests ();
+      if (options->show_engines)
+	show_available_engines ();
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+      if (options->show_tls_ciphers)
+	show_available_tls_ciphers ();
+#endif
+      return true;
+    }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Static pre-shared key generation mode?
+ */
+bool
+do_genkey (const struct options * options)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  if (options->genkey)
+    {
+      int nbits_written;
+
+      notnull (options->shared_secret_file,
+	       "shared secret output file (--secret)");
+
+      if (options->mlock)	/* should we disable paging? */
+	do_mlockall (true);
+
+      nbits_written = write_key_file (2, options->shared_secret_file);
+
+      msg (D_GENKEY | M_NOPREFIX,
+	   "Randomly generated %d bit key written to %s", nbits_written,
+	   options->shared_secret_file);
+      return true;
+    }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Persistent TUN/TAP device management mode?
+ */
+bool
+do_persist_tuntap (const struct options *options)
+{
+#ifdef TUNSETPERSIST
+  if (options->persist_config)
+    {
+      /* sanity check on options for --mktun or --rmtun */
+      notnull (options->dev, "TUN/TAP device (--dev)");
+      if (options->remote_list || options->ifconfig_local
+	  || options->ifconfig_remote_netmask
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+	  || options->shared_secret_file
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+	  || options->tls_server || options->tls_client
+#endif
+#endif
+	)
+	msg (M_FATAL|M_OPTERR,
+	     "options --mktun or --rmtun should only be used together with --dev");
+      tuncfg (options->dev, options->dev_type, options->dev_node,
+	      options->tun_ipv6, options->persist_mode);
+      return true;
+    }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Should we become a daemon?
+ * Return true if we did it.
+ */
+static bool
+possibly_become_daemon (const struct options *options, const bool first_time)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  if (first_time && options->daemon)
+    {
+      ASSERT (!options->inetd);
+      if (daemon (options->cd_dir != NULL, options->log) < 0)
+	msg (M_ERR, "daemon() failed");
+      if (options->log)
+	set_std_files_to_null (true);
+      ret = true;
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Actually do UID/GID downgrade, and chroot, if requested.
+ */
+static void
+do_uid_gid_chroot (struct context *c, bool no_delay)
+{
+  static const char why_not[] = "will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay";
+
+  if (c->first_time && !c->c2.uid_gid_set)
+    {
+      /* chroot if requested */
+      if (c->options.chroot_dir)
+	{
+	  if (no_delay)
+	    do_chroot (c->options.chroot_dir);
+	  else
+	    msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: chroot %s", why_not);
+	}
+
+      /* set user and/or group that we want to setuid/setgid to */
+      if (no_delay)
+	{
+	  set_group (&c->c2.group_state);
+	  set_user (&c->c2.user_state);
+	  c->c2.uid_gid_set = true;
+	}
+      else if (c->c2.uid_gid_specified)
+	{
+	  msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: UID/GID downgrade %s", why_not);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return common name in a way that is formatted for
+ * prepending to msg() output.
+ */
+const char *
+format_common_name (struct context *c, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  if (c->c2.tls_multi)
+    {
+      buf_printf (&out, "[%s] ", tls_common_name (c->c2.tls_multi, false));
+    }
+#endif
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+void
+pre_setup (const struct options *options)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  if (options->exit_event_name)
+    {
+      win32_signal_open (&win32_signal,
+			 WSO_FORCE_SERVICE,
+			 options->exit_event_name,
+			 options->exit_event_initial_state);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      win32_signal_open (&win32_signal,
+			 WSO_FORCE_CONSOLE,
+			 NULL,
+			 false);
+
+      /* put a title on the top window bar */
+      if (win32_signal.mode == WSO_MODE_CONSOLE)
+	{
+	  window_title_save (&window_title); 
+	  window_title_generate (options->config);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+reset_coarse_timers (struct context *c)
+{
+  c->c2.coarse_timer_wakeup = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize timers
+ */
+static void
+do_init_timers (struct context *c, bool deferred)
+{
+  update_time ();
+  reset_coarse_timers (c);
+
+  /* initialize inactivity timeout */
+  if (c->options.inactivity_timeout)
+    event_timeout_init (&c->c2.inactivity_interval, c->options.inactivity_timeout, now);
+
+  /* initialize pings */
+
+  if (c->options.ping_send_timeout)
+    event_timeout_init (&c->c2.ping_send_interval, c->options.ping_send_timeout, 0);
+
+  if (c->options.ping_rec_timeout)
+    event_timeout_init (&c->c2.ping_rec_interval, c->options.ping_rec_timeout, now);
+
+  if (!deferred)
+    {
+      /* initialize connection establishment timer */
+      event_timeout_init (&c->c2.wait_for_connect, 1, now);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+      /* initialize occ timers */
+
+      if (c->options.occ
+	  && !TLS_MODE (c)
+	  && c->c2.options_string_local && c->c2.options_string_remote)
+	event_timeout_init (&c->c2.occ_interval, OCC_INTERVAL_SECONDS, now);
+
+      if (c->options.mtu_test)
+	event_timeout_init (&c->c2.occ_mtu_load_test_interval, OCC_MTU_LOAD_INTERVAL_SECONDS, now);
+#endif
+
+      /* initialize packet_id persistence timer */
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+      if (c->options.packet_id_file)
+	event_timeout_init (&c->c2.packet_id_persist_interval, 60, now);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+      /* initialize tmp_int optimization that limits the number of times we call
+	 tls_multi_process in the main event loop */
+      interval_init (&c->c2.tmp_int, TLS_MULTI_HORIZON, TLS_MULTI_REFRESH);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize traffic shaper.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_traffic_shaper (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
+  /* initialize traffic shaper (i.e. transmit bandwidth limiter) */
+  if (c->options.shaper)
+    {
+      shaper_init (&c->c2.shaper, c->options.shaper);
+      shaper_msg (&c->c2.shaper);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a route list structure if at least one
+ * --route option was specified.
+ */
+static void
+do_alloc_route_list (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->options.routes && !c->c1.route_list)
+    c->c1.route_list = new_route_list (&c->gc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the route list, resolving any DNS names in route
+ * options and saving routes in the environment.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_route_list (const struct options *options,
+		    struct route_list *route_list,
+		    const struct link_socket_info *link_socket_info,
+		    bool fatal,
+		    struct env_set *es)
+{
+  const char *gw = NULL;
+  int dev = dev_type_enum (options->dev, options->dev_type);
+
+  if (dev == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    gw = options->ifconfig_remote_netmask;
+  if (options->route_default_gateway)
+    gw = options->route_default_gateway;
+
+  if (!init_route_list (route_list,
+			options->routes,
+			gw,
+			link_socket_current_remote (link_socket_info),
+			es))
+    {
+      if (fatal)
+	openvpn_exit (OPENVPN_EXIT_STATUS_ERROR);	/* exit point */
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* copy routes to environment */
+      setenv_routes (es, route_list);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called after all initialization has been completed.
+ */
+void
+initialization_sequence_completed (struct context *c, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  static const char message[] = "Initialization Sequence Completed";
+
+  /* If we delayed UID/GID downgrade or chroot, do it now */
+  do_uid_gid_chroot (c, true);
+
+  /* Test if errors */
+  if (flags & ISC_ERRORS)
+#ifdef WIN32
+    msg (M_INFO, "%s With Errors ( see http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpclientserv )", message);
+#else
+    msg (M_INFO, "%s With Errors", message);
+#endif
+  else
+    msg (M_INFO, "%s", message);
+
+  /* Flag remote_list that we initialized */
+  if ((flags & (ISC_ERRORS|ISC_SERVER)) == 0 && c->c1.remote_list && c->c1.remote_list->len > 1)
+    c->c1.remote_list->no_advance = true;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  /* Tell management interface that we initialized */
+  if (management)
+    {
+      in_addr_t tun_local = 0;
+      const char *detail = "SUCCESS";
+      if (c->c1.tuntap)
+	tun_local = c->c1.tuntap->local;
+      if (flags & ISC_ERRORS)
+	detail = "ERROR";
+      management_set_state (management,
+			    OPENVPN_STATE_CONNECTED,
+			    detail,
+			    tun_local);
+      if (tun_local)
+	management_post_tunnel_open (management, tun_local);
+    }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Possibly add routes and/or call route-up script
+ * based on options.
+ */
+void
+do_route (const struct options *options,
+	  struct route_list *route_list,
+	  const struct tuntap *tt,
+	  const struct plugin_list *plugins,
+	  struct env_set *es)
+{
+  if (!options->route_noexec && route_list)
+    add_routes (route_list, tt, ROUTE_OPTION_FLAGS (options), es);
+
+  if (plugin_defined (plugins, OPENVPN_PLUGIN_ROUTE_UP))
+    {
+      if (plugin_call (plugins, OPENVPN_PLUGIN_ROUTE_UP, NULL, es))
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: route-up plugin call failed");
+    }
+
+  if (options->route_script)
+    {
+      setenv_str (es, "script_type", "route-up");
+      system_check (options->route_script, es, S_SCRIPT, "Route script failed");
+    }
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+  if (options->show_net_up)
+    {
+      show_routes (M_INFO|M_NOPREFIX);
+      show_adapters (M_INFO|M_NOPREFIX);
+    }
+  else if (check_debug_level (D_SHOW_NET))
+    {
+      show_routes (D_SHOW_NET|M_NOPREFIX);
+      show_adapters (D_SHOW_NET|M_NOPREFIX);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save current pulled options string in the c1 context store, so we can
+ * compare against it after possible future restarts.
+ */
+#if P2MP
+static void
+save_pulled_options_string (struct context *c, const char *newstring)
+{
+  if (c->c1.pulled_options_string_save)
+    free (c->c1.pulled_options_string_save);
+
+  c->c1.pulled_options_string_save = NULL;
+
+  if (newstring)
+    c->c1.pulled_options_string_save = string_alloc (newstring, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * initialize tun/tap device object
+ */
+static void
+do_init_tun (struct context *c)
+{
+  c->c1.tuntap = init_tun (c->options.dev,
+			   c->options.dev_type,
+			   c->options.ifconfig_local,
+			   c->options.ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			   addr_host (&c->c1.link_socket_addr.local),
+			   addr_host (&c->c1.link_socket_addr.remote),
+			   !c->options.ifconfig_nowarn,
+			   c->c2.es);
+
+  init_tun_post (c->c1.tuntap,
+		 &c->c2.frame,
+		 &c->options.tuntap_options);
+
+  c->c1.tuntap_owned = true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open tun/tap device, ifconfig, call up script, etc.
+ */
+
+static bool
+do_open_tun (struct context *c)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  bool ret = false;
+
+  c->c2.ipv4_tun = (!c->options.tun_ipv6
+		    && is_dev_type (c->options.dev, c->options.dev_type, "tun"));
+
+  if (!c->c1.tuntap)
+    {
+      /* initialize (but do not open) tun/tap object */
+      do_init_tun (c);
+
+      /* allocate route list structure */
+      do_alloc_route_list (c);
+
+      /* parse and resolve the route option list */
+      if (c->c1.route_list && c->c2.link_socket)
+	do_init_route_list (&c->options, c->c1.route_list, &c->c2.link_socket->info, false, c->c2.es);
+
+      /* do ifconfig */
+      if (!c->options.ifconfig_noexec
+	  && ifconfig_order () == IFCONFIG_BEFORE_TUN_OPEN)
+	{
+	  /* guess actual tun/tap unit number that will be returned
+	     by open_tun */
+	  const char *guess = guess_tuntap_dev (c->options.dev,
+						c->options.dev_type,
+						c->options.dev_node,
+						&gc);
+	  do_ifconfig (c->c1.tuntap, guess, TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame), c->c2.es);
+	}
+
+      /* open the tun device */
+      open_tun (c->options.dev, c->options.dev_type, c->options.dev_node,
+		c->options.tun_ipv6, c->c1.tuntap);
+
+      /* do ifconfig */
+      if (!c->options.ifconfig_noexec
+	  && ifconfig_order () == IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN)
+	{
+	  do_ifconfig (c->c1.tuntap, c->c1.tuntap->actual_name, TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame), c->c2.es);
+	}
+
+      /* run the up script */
+      run_up_down (c->options.up_script,
+		   c->c1.plugins,
+		   OPENVPN_PLUGIN_UP,
+		   c->c1.tuntap->actual_name,
+		   TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		   EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		   print_in_addr_t (c->c1.tuntap->local, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		   print_in_addr_t (c->c1.tuntap->remote_netmask, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		   "init",
+		   NULL,
+		   "up",
+		   c->c2.es);
+
+      /* possibly add routes */
+      if (!c->options.route_delay_defined)
+	do_route (&c->options, c->c1.route_list, c->c1.tuntap, c->c1.plugins, c->c2.es);
+
+      /*
+       * Did tun/tap driver give us an MTU?
+       */
+      if (c->c1.tuntap->post_open_mtu)
+	frame_set_mtu_dynamic (&c->c2.frame,
+			       c->c1.tuntap->post_open_mtu,
+			       SET_MTU_TUN | SET_MTU_UPPER_BOUND);
+
+      ret = true;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "Preserving previous TUN/TAP instance: %s",
+	   c->c1.tuntap->actual_name);
+
+      /* run the up script if user specified --up-restart */
+      if (c->options.up_restart)
+	run_up_down (c->options.up_script,
+		     c->c1.plugins,
+		     OPENVPN_PLUGIN_UP,
+		     c->c1.tuntap->actual_name,
+		     TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		     EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		     print_in_addr_t (c->c1.tuntap->local, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		     print_in_addr_t (c->c1.tuntap->remote_netmask, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		     "restart",
+		     NULL,
+		     "up",
+		     c->c2.es);
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close TUN/TAP device
+ */
+
+static void
+do_close_tun_simple (struct context *c)
+{
+  msg (D_CLOSE, "Closing TUN/TAP interface");
+  close_tun (c->c1.tuntap);
+  c->c1.tuntap = NULL;
+  c->c1.tuntap_owned = false;
+#if P2MP
+  save_pulled_options_string (c, NULL); /* delete C1-saved pulled_options_string */
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+do_close_tun (struct context *c, bool force)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  if (c->c1.tuntap && c->c1.tuntap_owned)
+    {
+      const char *tuntap_actual = string_alloc (c->c1.tuntap->actual_name, &gc);
+      const in_addr_t local = c->c1.tuntap->local;
+      const in_addr_t remote_netmask = c->c1.tuntap->remote_netmask;
+
+      if (force || !(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1 && c->options.persist_tun))
+	{
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+	  /* tell management layer we are about to close the TUN/TAP device */
+	  if (management)
+	    management_pre_tunnel_close (management);
+#endif
+
+	  /* delete any routes we added */
+	  if (c->c1.route_list)
+	    delete_routes (c->c1.route_list, c->c1.tuntap, ROUTE_OPTION_FLAGS (&c->options), c->c2.es);
+
+	  /* actually close tun/tap device based on --down-pre flag */
+	  if (!c->options.down_pre)
+	    do_close_tun_simple (c);
+
+	  /* Run the down script -- note that it will run at reduced
+	     privilege if, for example, "--user nobody" was used. */
+	  run_up_down (c->options.down_script,
+		       c->c1.plugins,
+		       OPENVPN_PLUGIN_DOWN,
+		       tuntap_actual,
+		       TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		       EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+		       print_in_addr_t (local, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		       print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+		       "init",
+		       signal_description (c->sig->signal_received,
+					   c->sig->signal_text),
+		       "down",
+		       c->c2.es);
+
+	  /* actually close tun/tap device based on --down-pre flag */
+	  if (c->options.down_pre)
+	    do_close_tun_simple (c);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* run the down script on this restart if --up-restart was specified */
+	  if (c->options.up_restart)
+	    run_up_down (c->options.down_script,
+			 c->c1.plugins,
+			 OPENVPN_PLUGIN_DOWN,
+			 tuntap_actual,
+			 TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+			 EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.frame),
+			 print_in_addr_t (local, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+			 print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, IA_EMPTY_IF_UNDEF, &gc),
+			 "restart",
+			 signal_description (c->sig->signal_received,
+					     c->sig->signal_text),
+			 "down",
+			 c->c2.es);
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle delayed tun/tap interface bringup due to --up-delay or --pull
+ */
+
+void
+do_up (struct context *c, bool pulled_options, unsigned int option_types_found)
+{
+  if (!c->c2.do_up_ran)
+    {
+      reset_coarse_timers (c);
+
+      if (pulled_options && option_types_found)
+	do_deferred_options (c, option_types_found);
+
+      /* if --up-delay specified, open tun, do ifconfig, and run up script now */
+      if (c->options.up_delay || PULL_DEFINED (&c->options))
+	{
+	  c->c2.did_open_tun = do_open_tun (c);
+	  update_time ();
+
+#if P2MP
+	  /*
+	   * Was tun interface object persisted from previous restart iteration,
+	   * and if so did pulled options string change from previous iteration?
+	   */
+	  if (!c->c2.did_open_tun
+	      && PULL_DEFINED (&c->options)
+	      && c->c1.tuntap
+	      && (!c->c1.pulled_options_string_save || !c->c2.pulled_options_string
+		  || strcmp (c->c1.pulled_options_string_save, c->c2.pulled_options_string)))
+	    {
+	      /* if so, close tun, delete routes, then reinitialize tun and add routes */
+	      msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: Pulled options changed on restart, will need to close and reopen TUN/TAP device.");
+	      do_close_tun (c, true);
+	      openvpn_sleep (1);
+	      c->c2.did_open_tun = do_open_tun (c);
+	      update_time ();
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+
+      if (c->c2.did_open_tun)
+	{
+#if P2MP
+	  save_pulled_options_string (c, c->c2.pulled_options_string);
+#endif
+
+	  /* if --route-delay was specified, start timer */
+	  if (c->options.route_delay_defined)
+	    {
+	      event_timeout_init (&c->c2.route_wakeup, c->options.route_delay, now);
+	      event_timeout_init (&c->c2.route_wakeup_expire, c->options.route_delay + c->options.route_delay_window, now);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      initialization_sequence_completed (c, 0); /* client/p2p --route-delay undefined */
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (c->options.mode == MODE_POINT_TO_POINT)
+	{
+	  initialization_sequence_completed (c, 0); /* client/p2p restart with --persist-tun */
+	}
+	
+      c->c2.do_up_ran = true;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are the option categories which will be accepted by pull.
+ */
+unsigned int
+pull_permission_mask (void)
+{
+  return (  OPT_P_UP
+	  | OPT_P_ROUTE
+	  | OPT_P_IPWIN32
+	  | OPT_P_SETENV
+	  | OPT_P_SHAPER
+	  | OPT_P_TIMER
+	  | OPT_P_PERSIST
+	  | OPT_P_MESSAGES
+	  | OPT_P_EXPLICIT_NOTIFY
+	  | OPT_P_ECHO);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle non-tun-related pulled options.
+ */
+void
+do_deferred_options (struct context *c, const unsigned int found)
+{
+  if (found & OPT_P_MESSAGES)
+    {
+      init_verb_mute (c, IVM_LEVEL_1|IVM_LEVEL_2);
+      msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: --verb and/or --mute level changed");
+    }
+  if (found & OPT_P_TIMER)
+    {
+      do_init_timers (c, true);
+      msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified");
+    }
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+  if (found & OPT_P_EXPLICIT_NOTIFY)
+    {
+      if (c->options.proto != PROTO_UDPv4 && c->options.explicit_exit_notification)
+	{
+	  msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: --explicit-exit-notify can only be used with --proto udp");
+	  c->options.explicit_exit_notification = 0;
+	}
+      else
+	msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: explicit notify parm(s) modified");
+    }
+#endif
+
+  if (found & OPT_P_SHAPER)
+    {
+      msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: traffic shaper enabled");
+      do_init_traffic_shaper (c);
+    }
+
+  if (found & OPT_P_PERSIST)
+    msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: --persist options modified");
+  if (found & OPT_P_UP)
+    msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified");
+  if (found & OPT_P_ROUTE)
+    msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified");
+  if (found & OPT_P_IPWIN32)
+    msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified");
+  if (found & OPT_P_SETENV)
+    msg (D_PUSH, "OPTIONS IMPORT: environment modified");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Possible hold on initialization
+ */
+static bool
+do_hold (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  if (management)
+    {
+      /* if c is defined, daemonize before hold */
+      if (c && c->options.daemon && management_would_hold (management))
+	do_init_first_time (c);
+
+      /* block until management hold is released */
+      if (management_hold (management))
+	return true;
+    }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sleep before restart.
+ */
+static void
+socket_restart_pause (struct context *c)
+{
+  bool proxy = false;
+  int sec = 2;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_HTTP_PROXY
+  if (c->options.http_proxy_options)
+    proxy = true;
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_SOCKS
+  if (c->options.socks_proxy_server)
+    proxy = true;
+#endif
+
+  switch (c->options.proto)
+    {
+    case PROTO_UDPv4:
+      if (proxy)
+	sec = c->options.connect_retry_seconds;
+      break;
+    case PROTO_TCPv4_SERVER:
+      sec = 1;
+      break;
+    case PROTO_TCPv4_CLIENT:
+      sec = c->options.connect_retry_seconds;
+      break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+  if (GREMLIN_CONNECTION_FLOOD_LEVEL (c->options.gremlin))
+    sec = 0;
+#endif
+
+#if P2MP
+  if (auth_retry_get () == AR_NOINTERACT)
+    sec = 10;
+#endif
+
+  if (do_hold (NULL))
+    sec = 0;
+
+  if (sec)
+    {
+      msg (D_RESTART, "Restart pause, %d second(s)", sec);
+      openvpn_sleep (sec);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do a possible pause on context_2 initialization.
+ */
+static void
+do_startup_pause (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (!c->first_time)
+    socket_restart_pause (c);
+  else
+    do_hold (NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finalize MTU parameters based on command line or config file options.
+ */
+static void
+frame_finalize_options (struct context *c, const struct options *o)
+{
+  if (!o)
+    o = &c->options;
+
+  /*
+   * Set adjustment factor for buffer alignment when no
+   * cipher is used.
+   */
+  if (!CIPHER_ENABLED (c))
+    {
+      frame_align_to_extra_frame (&c->c2.frame);
+      frame_or_align_flags (&c->c2.frame,
+			    FRAME_HEADROOM_MARKER_FRAGMENT
+			    |FRAME_HEADROOM_MARKER_READ_LINK
+			    |FRAME_HEADROOM_MARKER_READ_STREAM);
+    }
+  
+  frame_finalize (&c->c2.frame,
+		  o->link_mtu_defined,
+		  o->link_mtu,
+		  o->tun_mtu_defined,
+		  o->tun_mtu);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a key schedule, including OpenSSL components.
+ */
+static void
+key_schedule_free (struct key_schedule *ks, bool free_ssl_ctx)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  free_key_ctx_bi (&ks->static_key);
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  if (ks->ssl_ctx && free_ssl_ctx)
+    {
+      SSL_CTX_free (ks->ssl_ctx);
+      free_key_ctx_bi (&ks->tls_auth_key);
+    }
+#endif /* USE_SSL */
+#endif /* USE_CRYPTO */
+  CLEAR (*ks);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+
+static void
+init_crypto_pre (struct context *c, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  if (c->options.engine)
+    init_crypto_lib_engine (c->options.engine);
+
+  if (flags & CF_LOAD_PERSISTED_PACKET_ID)
+    {
+      /* load a persisted packet-id for cross-session replay-protection */
+      if (c->options.packet_id_file)
+	packet_id_persist_load (&c->c1.pid_persist, c->options.packet_id_file);
+    }
+
+  /* Initialize crypto options */
+
+  if (c->options.use_iv)
+    c->c2.crypto_options.flags |= CO_USE_IV;
+
+  if (c->options.mute_replay_warnings)
+    c->c2.crypto_options.flags |= CO_MUTE_REPLAY_WARNINGS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Static Key Mode (using a pre-shared key)
+ */
+static void
+do_init_crypto_static (struct context *c, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  const struct options *options = &c->options;
+  ASSERT (options->shared_secret_file);
+
+  init_crypto_pre (c, flags);
+
+  /* Initialize packet ID tracking */
+  if (options->replay)
+    {
+      packet_id_init (&c->c2.packet_id, options->replay_window,
+		      options->replay_time);
+      c->c2.crypto_options.packet_id = &c->c2.packet_id;
+      c->c2.crypto_options.pid_persist = &c->c1.pid_persist;
+      c->c2.crypto_options.flags |= CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM;
+      packet_id_persist_load_obj (&c->c1.pid_persist,
+				  c->c2.crypto_options.packet_id);
+    }
+
+  if (!key_ctx_bi_defined (&c->c1.ks.static_key))
+    {
+      struct key2 key2;
+      struct key_direction_state kds;
+
+      /* Get cipher & hash algorithms */
+      init_key_type (&c->c1.ks.key_type, options->ciphername,
+		     options->ciphername_defined, options->authname,
+		     options->authname_defined, options->keysize,
+		     options->test_crypto, true);
+
+      /* Read cipher and hmac keys from shared secret file */
+      read_key_file (&key2, options->shared_secret_file, true);
+
+      /* Check for and fix highly unlikely key problems */
+      verify_fix_key2 (&key2, &c->c1.ks.key_type,
+		       options->shared_secret_file);
+
+      /* Initialize OpenSSL key objects */
+      key_direction_state_init (&kds, options->key_direction);
+      must_have_n_keys (options->shared_secret_file, "secret", &key2,
+			kds.need_keys);
+      init_key_ctx (&c->c1.ks.static_key.encrypt, &key2.keys[kds.out_key],
+		    &c->c1.ks.key_type, DO_ENCRYPT, "Static Encrypt");
+      init_key_ctx (&c->c1.ks.static_key.decrypt, &key2.keys[kds.in_key],
+		    &c->c1.ks.key_type, DO_DECRYPT, "Static Decrypt");
+
+      /* Erase the temporary copy of key */
+      CLEAR (key2);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "Re-using pre-shared static key");
+    }
+
+  /* Get key schedule */
+  c->c2.crypto_options.key_ctx_bi = &c->c1.ks.static_key;
+
+  /* Compute MTU parameters */
+  crypto_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame,
+				  &c->c1.ks.key_type,
+				  options->ciphername_defined,
+				  options->use_iv, options->replay, true);
+
+  /* Sanity check on IV, sequence number, and cipher mode options */
+  check_replay_iv_consistency (&c->c1.ks.key_type, options->replay,
+			       options->use_iv);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the persistent component of OpenVPN's TLS mode,
+ * which is preserved across SIGUSR1 resets.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_crypto_tls_c1 (struct context *c)
+{
+  const struct options *options = &c->options;
+
+  if (!c->c1.ks.ssl_ctx)
+    {
+      /*
+       * Initialize the OpenSSL library's global
+       * SSL context.
+       */
+      c->c1.ks.ssl_ctx = init_ssl (options);
+      if (!c->c1.ks.ssl_ctx)
+	{
+#if P2MP
+	  switch (auth_retry_get ())
+	    {
+	    case AR_NONE:
+	      msg (M_FATAL, "Error: private key password verification failed");
+	      break;
+	    case AR_INTERACT:
+	      ssl_purge_auth ();
+	    case AR_NOINTERACT:
+	      c->sig->signal_received = SIGUSR1; /* SOFT-SIGUSR1 -- Password failure error */
+	      break;
+	    default:
+	      ASSERT (0);
+	    }
+	  c->sig->signal_text = "private-key-password-failure";
+	  return;
+#else
+	  msg (M_FATAL, "Error: private key password verification failed");
+#endif
+	}
+
+      /* Get cipher & hash algorithms */
+      init_key_type (&c->c1.ks.key_type, options->ciphername,
+		     options->ciphername_defined, options->authname,
+		     options->authname_defined, options->keysize, true, true);
+
+      /* TLS handshake authentication (--tls-auth) */
+      if (options->tls_auth_file)
+	get_tls_handshake_key (&c->c1.ks.key_type,
+			       &c->c1.ks.tls_auth_key,
+			       options->tls_auth_file,
+			       options->key_direction);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "Re-using SSL/TLS context");
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+do_init_crypto_tls (struct context *c, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  const struct options *options = &c->options;
+  struct tls_options to;
+  bool packet_id_long_form;
+
+  ASSERT (options->tls_server || options->tls_client);
+  ASSERT (!options->test_crypto);
+
+  init_crypto_pre (c, flags);
+
+  /* Make sure we are either a TLS client or server but not both */
+  ASSERT (options->tls_server == !options->tls_client);
+
+  /* initialize persistent component */
+  do_init_crypto_tls_c1 (c);
+  if (IS_SIG (c))
+    return;
+
+  /* Sanity check on IV, sequence number, and cipher mode options */
+  check_replay_iv_consistency (&c->c1.ks.key_type, options->replay,
+			       options->use_iv);
+
+  /* In short form, unique datagram identifier is 32 bits, in long form 64 bits */
+  packet_id_long_form = cfb_ofb_mode (&c->c1.ks.key_type);
+
+  /* Compute MTU parameters */
+  crypto_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame,
+				  &c->c1.ks.key_type,
+				  options->ciphername_defined,
+				  options->use_iv,
+				  options->replay, packet_id_long_form);
+  tls_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame);
+
+  /* Set all command-line TLS-related options */
+  CLEAR (to);
+
+  to.crypto_flags_and = ~(CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM);
+  if (packet_id_long_form)
+    to.crypto_flags_or = CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM;
+
+  to.ssl_ctx = c->c1.ks.ssl_ctx;
+  to.key_type = c->c1.ks.key_type;
+  to.server = options->tls_server;
+  to.key_method = options->key_method;
+  to.replay = options->replay;
+  to.replay_window = options->replay_window;
+  to.replay_time = options->replay_time;
+  to.transition_window = options->transition_window;
+  to.handshake_window = options->handshake_window;
+  to.packet_timeout = options->tls_timeout;
+  to.renegotiate_bytes = options->renegotiate_bytes;
+  to.renegotiate_packets = options->renegotiate_packets;
+  to.renegotiate_seconds = options->renegotiate_seconds;
+  to.single_session = options->single_session;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+  to.disable_occ = !options->occ;
+#endif
+
+  to.verify_command = options->tls_verify;
+  to.verify_x509name = options->tls_remote;
+  to.crl_file = options->crl_file;
+  to.ns_cert_type = options->ns_cert_type;
+  to.es = c->c2.es;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+  to.gremlin = c->options.gremlin;
+#endif
+
+  to.plugins = c->c1.plugins;
+
+#if P2MP_SERVER
+  to.auth_user_pass_verify_script = options->auth_user_pass_verify_script;
+  to.auth_user_pass_verify_script_via_file = options->auth_user_pass_verify_script_via_file;
+  to.tmp_dir = options->tmp_dir;
+  to.username_as_common_name = options->username_as_common_name;
+  if (options->ccd_exclusive)
+    to.client_config_dir_exclusive = options->client_config_dir;
+#endif
+
+  /* TLS handshake authentication (--tls-auth) */
+  if (options->tls_auth_file)
+    {
+      to.tls_auth_key = c->c1.ks.tls_auth_key;
+      to.tls_auth.pid_persist = &c->c1.pid_persist;
+      to.tls_auth.flags |= CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM;
+      crypto_adjust_frame_parameters (&to.frame,
+				      &c->c1.ks.key_type,
+				      false, false, true, true);
+    }
+
+  /* If we are running over TCP, allow for
+     length prefix */
+  socket_adjust_frame_parameters (&to.frame, options->proto);
+
+  /*
+   * Initialize OpenVPN's master TLS-mode object.
+   */
+  if (flags & CF_INIT_TLS_MULTI)
+    c->c2.tls_multi = tls_multi_init (&to);
+
+  if (flags & CF_INIT_TLS_AUTH_STANDALONE)
+    c->c2.tls_auth_standalone = tls_auth_standalone_init (&to, &c->c2.gc);
+}
+
+static void
+do_init_finalize_tls_frame (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->c2.tls_multi)
+    {
+      tls_multi_init_finalize (c->c2.tls_multi, &c->c2.frame);
+      ASSERT (EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.tls_multi->opt.frame) <=
+	      EXPANDED_SIZE (&c->c2.frame));
+      frame_print (&c->c2.tls_multi->opt.frame, D_MTU_INFO,
+		   "Control Channel MTU parms");
+    }
+  if (c->c2.tls_auth_standalone)
+    {
+      tls_auth_standalone_finalize (c->c2.tls_auth_standalone, &c->c2.frame);
+      frame_print (&c->c2.tls_auth_standalone->frame, D_MTU_INFO,
+		   "TLS-Auth MTU parms");
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_SSL */
+#endif /* USE_CRYPTO */
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+/*
+ * No encryption or authentication.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_crypto_none (const struct context *c)
+{
+  ASSERT (!c->options.test_crypto);
+  msg (M_WARN,
+       "******* WARNING *******: all encryption and authentication features disabled -- all data will be tunnelled as cleartext");
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+do_init_crypto (struct context *c, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  if (c->options.shared_secret_file)
+    do_init_crypto_static (c, flags);
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  else if (c->options.tls_server || c->options.tls_client)
+    do_init_crypto_tls (c, flags);
+#endif
+  else				/* no encryption or authentication. */
+    do_init_crypto_none (c);
+#else /* USE_CRYPTO */
+  msg (M_WARN,
+       "******* WARNING *******: " PACKAGE_NAME
+       " built without OpenSSL -- encryption and authentication features disabled -- all data will be tunnelled as cleartext");
+#endif /* USE_CRYPTO */
+}
+
+static void
+do_init_frame (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef USE_LZO
+  /*
+   * Initialize LZO compression library.
+   */
+  if (c->options.comp_lzo)
+    {
+      lzo_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame);
+
+      /*
+       * LZO usage affects buffer alignment.
+       */
+      if (CIPHER_ENABLED (c))
+	{
+	  frame_add_to_align_adjust (&c->c2.frame, LZO_PREFIX_LEN);
+	  frame_or_align_flags (&c->c2.frame,
+				FRAME_HEADROOM_MARKER_FRAGMENT
+				|FRAME_HEADROOM_MARKER_DECRYPT);
+	}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+      lzo_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame_fragment_omit);	/* omit LZO frame delta from final frame_fragment */
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SOCKS
+  /*
+   * Adjust frame size for UDP Socks support.
+   */
+  if (c->options.socks_proxy_server)
+    socks_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame, c->options.proto);
+#endif
+
+  /*
+   * Adjust frame size based on the --tun-mtu-extra parameter.
+   */
+  if (c->options.tun_mtu_extra_defined)
+    tun_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame, c->options.tun_mtu_extra);
+
+  /*
+   * Adjust frame size based on link socket parameters.
+   * (Since TCP is a stream protocol, we need to insert
+   * a packet length uint16_t in the buffer.)
+   */
+  socket_adjust_frame_parameters (&c->c2.frame, c->options.proto);
+
+  /*
+   * Fill in the blanks in the frame parameters structure,
+   * make sure values are rational, etc.
+   */
+  frame_finalize_options (c, NULL);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+  /*
+   * Set frame parameter for fragment code.  This is necessary because
+   * the fragmentation code deals with payloads which have already been
+   * passed through the compression code.
+   */
+  c->c2.frame_fragment = c->c2.frame;
+  frame_subtract_extra (&c->c2.frame_fragment, &c->c2.frame_fragment_omit);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ENABLE_FRAGMENT) && defined(ENABLE_OCC)
+  /*
+   * MTU advisories
+   */
+  if (c->options.fragment && c->options.mtu_test)
+    msg (M_WARN,
+	 "WARNING: using --fragment and --mtu-test together may produce an inaccurate MTU test result");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+  if ((c->options.mssfix || c->options.fragment)
+      && TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame_fragment) != ETHERNET_MTU)
+    msg (M_WARN,
+	 "WARNING: normally if you use --mssfix and/or --fragment, you should also set --tun-mtu %d (currently it is %d)",
+	 ETHERNET_MTU, TUN_MTU_SIZE (&c->c2.frame_fragment));
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+do_option_warnings (struct context *c)
+{
+  const struct options *o = &c->options;
+
+#if 1 /* JYFIXME -- port warning */
+  if (!o->port_option_used && (o->local_port == OPENVPN_PORT && o->remote_port == OPENVPN_PORT))
+    msg (M_WARN, "IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now %d, based on an official port number assignment by IANA.  OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port.",
+	 OPENVPN_PORT);
+#endif
+
+  if (o->ping_send_timeout && !o->ping_rec_timeout)
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: --ping should normally be used with --ping-restart or --ping-exit");
+
+  if ((o->username || o->groupname || o->chroot_dir) && (!o->persist_tun || !o->persist_key))
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: you are using user/group/chroot without persist-key/persist-tun -- this may cause restarts to fail");
+
+#if P2MP
+  if (o->pull && o->ifconfig_local && c->first_time)
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: using --pull/--client and --ifconfig together is probably not what you want");
+
+#if P2MP_SERVER
+  if (o->mode == MODE_SERVER)
+    {
+      if (o->duplicate_cn && o->client_config_dir)
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: using --duplicate-cn and --client-config-dir together is probably not what you want");
+      if (o->duplicate_cn && o->ifconfig_pool_persist_filename)
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: --ifconfig-pool-persist will not work with --duplicate-cn");
+      if (!o->keepalive_ping || !o->keepalive_timeout)
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: --keepalive option is missing from server config");
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  if (!o->replay)
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: You have disabled Replay Protection (--no-replay) which may make " PACKAGE_NAME " less secure");
+  if (!o->use_iv)
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: You have disabled Crypto IVs (--no-iv) which may make " PACKAGE_NAME " less secure");
+
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  if (o->tls_client
+      && !o->tls_verify
+      && !o->tls_remote
+      && !(o->ns_cert_type & NS_SSL_SERVER))
+    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled.  See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info.");
+#endif
+
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+do_init_frame_tls (struct context *c)
+{
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  do_init_finalize_tls_frame (c);
+#endif
+}
+
+struct context_buffers *
+init_context_buffers (const struct frame *frame)
+{
+  struct context_buffers *b;
+
+  ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR (b, struct context_buffers);
+
+  b->read_link_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+  b->read_tun_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+
+  b->aux_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  b->encrypt_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+  b->decrypt_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_LZO
+  b->lzo_compress_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+  b->lzo_decompress_buf = alloc_buf (BUF_SIZE (frame));
+#endif
+
+  return b;
+}
+
+void
+free_context_buffers (struct context_buffers *b)
+{
+  if (b)
+    {
+      free_buf (&b->read_link_buf);
+      free_buf (&b->read_tun_buf);
+      free_buf (&b->aux_buf);
+
+#ifdef USE_LZO
+      free_buf (&b->lzo_compress_buf);
+      free_buf (&b->lzo_decompress_buf);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+      free_buf (&b->encrypt_buf);
+      free_buf (&b->decrypt_buf);
+#endif
+
+      free (b);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Now that we know all frame parameters, initialize
+ * our buffers.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_buffers (struct context *c)
+{
+  c->c2.buffers = init_context_buffers (&c->c2.frame);
+  c->c2.buffers_owned = true;
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+/*
+ * Fragmenting code has buffers to initialize
+ * once frame parameters are known.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_fragment (struct context *c)
+{
+  ASSERT (c->options.fragment);
+  frame_set_mtu_dynamic (&c->c2.frame_fragment,
+			 c->options.fragment, SET_MTU_UPPER_BOUND);
+  fragment_frame_init (c->c2.fragment, &c->c2.frame_fragment);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Set the --mssfix option.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_mssfix (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->options.mssfix)
+    {
+      frame_set_mtu_dynamic (&c->c2.frame,
+			     c->options.mssfix, SET_MTU_UPPER_BOUND);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate our socket object.
+ */
+static void
+do_link_socket_new (struct context *c)
+{
+  ASSERT (!c->c2.link_socket);
+  c->c2.link_socket = link_socket_new ();
+  c->c2.link_socket_owned = true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * bind the TCP/UDP socket
+ */
+static void
+do_init_socket_1 (struct context *c, int mode)
+{
+  link_socket_init_phase1 (c->c2.link_socket,
+			   c->options.local,
+			   c->c1.remote_list,
+			   c->options.local_port,
+			   c->options.proto,
+			   mode,
+			   c->c2.accept_from,
+#ifdef ENABLE_HTTP_PROXY
+			   c->c1.http_proxy,
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_SOCKS
+			   c->c1.socks_proxy,
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+			   c->options.gremlin,
+#endif
+			   c->options.bind_local,
+			   c->options.remote_float,
+			   c->options.inetd,
+			   &c->c1.link_socket_addr,
+			   c->options.ipchange,
+			   c->c1.plugins,
+			   c->options.resolve_retry_seconds,
+			   c->options.connect_retry_seconds,
+			   c->options.mtu_discover_type,
+			   c->options.rcvbuf,
+			   c->options.sndbuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * finalize the TCP/UDP socket
+ */
+static void
+do_init_socket_2 (struct context *c)
+{
+  link_socket_init_phase2 (c->c2.link_socket, &c->c2.frame,
+			   &c->sig->signal_received);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print MTU INFO
+ */
+static void
+do_print_data_channel_mtu_parms (struct context *c)
+{
+  frame_print (&c->c2.frame, D_MTU_INFO, "Data Channel MTU parms");
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+  if (c->c2.fragment)
+    frame_print (&c->c2.frame_fragment, D_MTU_INFO,
+		 "Fragmentation MTU parms");
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+/*
+ * Get local and remote options compatibility strings.
+ */
+static void
+do_compute_occ_strings (struct context *c)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  c->c2.options_string_local =
+    options_string (&c->options, &c->c2.frame, c->c1.tuntap, false, &gc);
+  c->c2.options_string_remote =
+    options_string (&c->options, &c->c2.frame, c->c1.tuntap, true, &gc);
+
+  msg (D_SHOW_OCC, "Local Options String: '%s'", c->c2.options_string_local);
+  msg (D_SHOW_OCC, "Expected Remote Options String: '%s'",
+       c->c2.options_string_remote);
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  msg (D_SHOW_OCC_HASH, "Local Options hash (VER=%s): '%s'",
+       options_string_version (c->c2.options_string_local, &gc),
+       md5sum ((uint8_t*)c->c2.options_string_local,
+	       strlen (c->c2.options_string_local), 9, &gc));
+  msg (D_SHOW_OCC_HASH, "Expected Remote Options hash (VER=%s): '%s'",
+       options_string_version (c->c2.options_string_remote, &gc),
+       md5sum ((uint8_t*)c->c2.options_string_remote,
+	       strlen (c->c2.options_string_remote), 9, &gc));
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  if (c->c2.tls_multi)
+    tls_multi_init_set_options (c->c2.tls_multi,
+				c->c2.options_string_local,
+				c->c2.options_string_remote);
+#endif
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * These things can only be executed once per program instantiation.
+ * Set up for possible UID/GID downgrade, but don't do it yet.
+ * Daemonize if requested.
+ */
+static void
+do_init_first_time (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->first_time && !c->c2.did_we_daemonize)
+    {
+      /* get user and/or group that we want to setuid/setgid to */
+      c->c2.uid_gid_specified =
+	get_group (c->options.groupname, &c->c2.group_state) |
+	get_user (c->options.username, &c->c2.user_state);
+
+      /* get --writepid file descriptor */
+      get_pid_file (c->options.writepid, &c->c2.pid_state);
+
+      /* become a daemon if --daemon */
+      c->c2.did_we_daemonize = possibly_become_daemon (&c->options, c->first_time);
+
+      /* should we disable paging? */
+      if (c->options.mlock && c->c2.did_we_daemonize)
+	do_mlockall (true);	/* call again in case we daemonized */
+
+      /* save process ID in a file */
+      write_pid (&c->c2.pid_state);
+
+      /* should we change scheduling priority? */
+      set_nice (c->options.nice);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * If xinetd/inetd mode, don't allow restart.
+ */
+static void
+do_close_check_if_restart_permitted (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->options.inetd
+      && (c->sig->signal_received == SIGHUP
+	  || c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1))
+    {
+      c->sig->signal_received = SIGTERM;
+      msg (M_INFO,
+	   PACKAGE_NAME
+	   " started by inetd/xinetd cannot restart... Exiting.");
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * free buffers
+ */
+static void
+do_close_free_buf (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->c2.buffers_owned)
+    {
+      free_context_buffers (c->c2.buffers);
+      c->c2.buffers = NULL;
+      c->c2.buffers_owned = false;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * close TLS
+ */
+static void
+do_close_tls (struct context *c)
+{
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  if (c->c2.tls_multi)
+    {
+      tls_multi_free (c->c2.tls_multi, true);
+      c->c2.tls_multi = NULL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+  /* free options compatibility strings */
+  if (c->c2.options_string_local)
+    free (c->c2.options_string_local);
+  if (c->c2.options_string_remote)
+    free (c->c2.options_string_remote);
+  c->c2.options_string_local = c->c2.options_string_remote = NULL;
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free key schedules
+ */
+static void
+do_close_free_key_schedule (struct context *c, bool free_ssl_ctx)
+{
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1 && c->options.persist_key))
+    key_schedule_free (&c->c1.ks, free_ssl_ctx);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close TCP/UDP connection
+ */
+static void
+do_close_link_socket (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->c2.link_socket && c->c2.link_socket_owned)
+    {
+      link_socket_close (c->c2.link_socket);
+      c->c2.link_socket = NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1 && c->options.persist_remote_ip))
+    {
+      CLEAR (c->c1.link_socket_addr.remote);
+      CLEAR (c->c1.link_socket_addr.actual);
+    }
+
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1 && c->options.persist_local_ip))
+    CLEAR (c->c1.link_socket_addr.local);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close packet-id persistance file
+ */
+static void
+do_close_packet_id (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  packet_id_free (&c->c2.packet_id);
+  packet_id_persist_save (&c->c1.pid_persist);
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1))
+    packet_id_persist_close (&c->c1.pid_persist);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+/*
+ * Close fragmentation handler.
+ */
+static void
+do_close_fragment (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->c2.fragment)
+    {
+      fragment_free (c->c2.fragment);
+      c->c2.fragment = NULL;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Open and close our event objects.
+ */
+
+static void
+do_event_set_init (struct context *c,
+		   bool need_us_timeout)
+{
+  unsigned int flags = 0;
+
+  c->c2.event_set_max = BASE_N_EVENTS;
+
+  flags |= EVENT_METHOD_FAST;
+
+  if (need_us_timeout)
+    flags |= EVENT_METHOD_US_TIMEOUT;
+
+  c->c2.event_set = event_set_init (&c->c2.event_set_max, flags);
+  c->c2.event_set_owned = true;
+}
+
+static void
+do_close_event_set (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->c2.event_set && c->c2.event_set_owned)
+    {
+      event_free (c->c2.event_set);
+      c->c2.event_set = NULL;
+      c->c2.event_set_owned = false;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open and close --status file
+ */
+
+static void
+do_open_status_output (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (!c->c1.status_output)
+    {
+      c->c1.status_output = status_open (c->options.status_file,
+					 c->options.status_file_update_freq,
+					 -1,
+					 NULL,
+					 STATUS_OUTPUT_WRITE);
+      c->c1.status_output_owned = true;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+do_close_status_output (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1))
+    {
+      if (c->c1.status_output_owned && c->c1.status_output)
+	{
+	  status_close (c->c1.status_output);
+	  c->c1.status_output = NULL;
+	  c->c1.status_output_owned = false;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle ifconfig-pool persistance object.
+ */
+static void
+do_open_ifconfig_pool_persist (struct context *c)
+{
+#if P2MP_SERVER
+  if (!c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist && c->options.ifconfig_pool_persist_filename)
+    {
+      c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist = ifconfig_pool_persist_init (c->options.ifconfig_pool_persist_filename,
+								c->options.ifconfig_pool_persist_refresh_freq);
+      c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist_owned = true;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+do_close_ifconfig_pool_persist (struct context *c)
+{
+#if P2MP_SERVER
+  if (!(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1))
+    {
+      if (c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist && c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist_owned)
+	{
+	  ifconfig_pool_persist_close (c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist);
+	  c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist = NULL;
+	  c->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist_owned = false;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inherit environmental variables
+ */
+
+static void
+do_inherit_env (struct context *c, const struct env_set *src)
+{
+  c->c2.es = env_set_create (&c->c2.gc);
+  env_set_inherit (c->c2.es, src);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fast I/O setup.  Fast I/O is an optimization which only works
+ * if all of the following are true:
+ *
+ * (1) The platform is not Windows
+ * (2) --proto udp is enabled
+ * (3) --shaper is disabled
+ */
+static void
+do_setup_fast_io (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (c->options.fast_io)
+    {
+#ifdef WIN32
+      msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: --fast-io is disabled since we are running on Windows");
+#else
+      if (c->options.proto != PROTO_UDPv4)
+	msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: --fast-io is disabled since we are not using UDP");
+      else
+	{
+	  if (c->options.shaper)
+	    msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: --fast-io is disabled since we are using --shaper");
+	  else
+	    {
+	      c->c2.fast_io = true;
+	    }
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+do_signal_on_tls_errors (struct context *c)
+{
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  if (c->options.tls_exit)
+    c->c2.tls_exit_signal = SIGTERM;
+  else
+    c->c2.tls_exit_signal = SIGUSR1;    
+#endif
+}
+
+
+static void
+do_open_plugins (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_PLUGIN
+  if (c->options.plugin_list && !c->c1.plugins)
+    {
+      c->c1.plugins = plugin_list_open (c->options.plugin_list, c->c2.es);
+      c->c1.plugins_owned = true;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+do_close_plugins (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_PLUGIN
+  if (c->c1.plugins && c->c1.plugins_owned && !(c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1))
+    {
+      plugin_list_close (c->c1.plugins);
+      c->c1.plugins = NULL;
+      c->c1.plugins_owned = false;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+
+static void
+management_callback_status_p2p (void *arg, const int version, struct status_output *so)
+{
+  struct context *c = (struct context *) arg;
+  print_status (c, so);
+}
+
+void
+management_show_net_callback (void *arg, const int msglevel)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  show_routes (msglevel);
+  show_adapters (msglevel);
+  msg (msglevel, "END");
+#else
+  msg (msglevel, "ERROR: Sorry, this command is currently only implemented on Windows");
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void
+init_management_callback_p2p (struct context *c)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  if (management)
+    {
+      struct management_callback cb;
+      CLEAR (cb);
+      cb.arg = c;
+      cb.status = management_callback_status_p2p;
+      cb.show_net = management_show_net_callback;
+      management_set_callback (management, &cb);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+
+void
+init_management (struct context *c)
+{
+  if (!management)
+    management = management_init ();
+}
+
+bool
+open_management (struct context *c)
+{
+  /* initialize management layer */
+  if (management)
+    {
+      if (c->options.management_addr)
+	{
+	  if (management_open (management,
+			       c->options.management_addr,
+			       c->options.management_port,
+			       c->options.management_user_pass,
+			       c->options.mode == MODE_SERVER,
+			       c->options.management_query_passwords,
+			       c->options.management_log_history_cache,
+			       c->options.management_echo_buffer_size,
+			       c->options.management_state_buffer_size,
+			       c->options.management_hold))
+	    {
+	      management_set_state (management,
+				    OPENVPN_STATE_CONNECTING,
+				    NULL,
+				    (in_addr_t)0);
+	    }
+
+	  /* possible wait */
+	  do_hold (c);
+	  if (IS_SIG (c))
+	    {
+	      msg (M_WARN, "Signal received from management interface, exiting");
+	      return false;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	close_management ();
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void
+close_management (void)
+{
+  if (management)
+    {
+      management_close (management);
+      management = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+void
+uninit_management_callback (void)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  if (management)
+    {
+      management_clear_callback (management);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a tunnel instance, handle pre and post-init
+ * signal settings.
+ */
+void
+init_instance_handle_signals (struct context *c, const struct env_set *env, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  pre_init_signal_catch ();
+  init_instance (c, env, flags);
+  post_init_signal_catch ();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a tunnel instance.
+ */
+void
+init_instance (struct context *c, const struct env_set *env, const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  const struct options *options = &c->options;
+  const bool child = (c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP || c->mode == CM_CHILD_UDP);
+  int link_socket_mode = LS_MODE_DEFAULT;
+
+  /* init garbage collection level */
+  gc_init (&c->c2.gc);
+
+  /* signals caught here will abort */
+  c->sig->signal_received = 0;
+  c->sig->signal_text = NULL;
+  c->sig->hard = false;
+
+  /* link_socket_mode allows CM_CHILD_TCP
+     instances to inherit acceptable fds
+     from a top-level parent */
+  if (c->options.proto == PROTO_TCPv4_SERVER)
+    {
+      if (c->mode == CM_TOP)
+	link_socket_mode = LS_MODE_TCP_LISTEN;
+      else if (c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+	link_socket_mode = LS_MODE_TCP_ACCEPT_FROM;
+    }
+
+  /* should we disable paging? */
+  if (c->first_time && options->mlock)
+    do_mlockall (true);
+
+  /* possible sleep or management hold if restart */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    {
+      do_startup_pause (c);
+      if (IS_SIG (c))
+	goto sig;
+    }
+
+  /* initialize context level 2 --verb/--mute parms */
+  init_verb_mute (c, IVM_LEVEL_2);
+
+  /* set error message delay for non-server modes */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P)
+    set_check_status_error_delay (P2P_ERROR_DELAY_MS);
+    
+  /* warn about inconsistent options */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    do_option_warnings (c);
+
+  /* inherit environmental variables */
+  if (env)
+    do_inherit_env (c, env);
+
+  /* initialize plugins */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    do_open_plugins (c);
+
+  /* should we enable fast I/O? */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    do_setup_fast_io (c);
+
+  /* should we throw a signal on TLS errors? */
+  do_signal_on_tls_errors (c);
+
+  /* open --status file */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    do_open_status_output (c);
+
+  /* open --ifconfig-pool-persist file */
+  if (c->mode == CM_TOP)
+    do_open_ifconfig_pool_persist (c);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+  /* reset OCC state */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || child)
+    c->c2.occ_op = occ_reset_op ();
+#endif
+
+  /* our wait-for-i/o objects, different for posix vs. win32 */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P)
+    do_event_set_init (c, SHAPER_DEFINED (&c->options));
+  else if (c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    do_event_set_init (c, false);
+
+  /* allocate our socket object */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP || c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    do_link_socket_new (c);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+  /* initialize internal fragmentation object */
+  if (options->fragment && (c->mode == CM_P2P || child))
+    c->c2.fragment = fragment_init (&c->c2.frame);
+#endif
+
+  /* init crypto layer */
+  {
+    unsigned int crypto_flags = 0;
+    if (c->mode == CM_TOP)
+      crypto_flags = CF_INIT_TLS_AUTH_STANDALONE;
+    else if (c->mode == CM_P2P)
+      crypto_flags = CF_LOAD_PERSISTED_PACKET_ID | CF_INIT_TLS_MULTI;
+    else if (child)
+      crypto_flags = CF_INIT_TLS_MULTI;
+    do_init_crypto (c, crypto_flags);
+    if (IS_SIG (c))
+      goto sig;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_LZO
+  /* initialize LZO compression library. */
+  if (options->comp_lzo && (c->mode == CM_P2P || child))
+    lzo_compress_init (&c->c2.lzo_compwork, options->comp_lzo_adaptive);
+#endif
+
+  /* initialize MTU variables */
+  do_init_frame (c);
+
+  /* initialize TLS MTU variables */
+  do_init_frame_tls (c);
+
+  /* init workspace buffers whose size is derived from frame size */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    do_init_buffers (c);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+  /* initialize internal fragmentation capability with known frame size */
+  if (options->fragment && (c->mode == CM_P2P || child))
+    do_init_fragment (c);
+#endif
+
+  /* initialize dynamic MTU variable */
+  do_init_mssfix (c);
+
+  /* bind the TCP/UDP socket */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP || c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    do_init_socket_1 (c, link_socket_mode);
+
+  /* initialize tun/tap device object,
+     open tun/tap device, ifconfig, run up script, etc. */
+  if (!(options->up_delay || PULL_DEFINED (options)) && (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP))
+    c->c2.did_open_tun = do_open_tun (c);
+
+  /* print MTU info */
+  do_print_data_channel_mtu_parms (c);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_OCC
+  /* get local and remote options compatibility strings */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || child)
+    do_compute_occ_strings (c);
+#endif
+
+  /* initialize output speed limiter */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P)
+    do_init_traffic_shaper (c);
+
+  /* do one-time inits, and possibily become a daemon here */
+  do_init_first_time (c);
+
+  /*
+   * Actually do UID/GID downgrade, and chroot, if requested.
+   * May be delayed by --client, --pull, or --up-delay.
+   */
+  do_uid_gid_chroot (c, c->c2.did_open_tun);
+
+  /* finalize the TCP/UDP socket */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP || c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    do_init_socket_2 (c);
+
+  /* initialize timers */
+  if (c->mode == CM_P2P || child)
+    do_init_timers (c, false);
+
+  /* Check for signals */
+  if (IS_SIG (c))
+    goto sig;
+
+  return;
+
+ sig:
+  c->sig->signal_text = "init_instance";
+  close_context (c, -1, flags);
+  return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close a tunnel instance.
+ */
+void
+close_instance (struct context *c)
+{
+  /* close event objects */
+  do_close_event_set (c);
+
+    if (c->mode == CM_P2P
+	|| c->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP
+	|| c->mode == CM_CHILD_UDP
+	|| c->mode == CM_TOP)
+      {
+	/* if xinetd/inetd mode, don't allow restart */
+	do_close_check_if_restart_permitted (c);
+
+#ifdef USE_LZO
+	if (c->options.comp_lzo)
+	  lzo_compress_uninit (&c->c2.lzo_compwork);
+#endif
+
+	/* free buffers */
+	do_close_free_buf (c);
+
+	/* close TLS */
+	do_close_tls (c);
+
+	/* free key schedules */
+	do_close_free_key_schedule (c, (c->mode == CM_P2P || c->mode == CM_TOP));
+
+	/* close TCP/UDP connection */
+	do_close_link_socket (c);
+
+	/* close TUN/TAP device */
+	do_close_tun (c, false);
+
+	/* call plugin close functions and unload */
+	do_close_plugins (c);
+
+	/* close packet-id persistance file */
+	do_close_packet_id (c);
+
+	/* close --status file */
+	do_close_status_output (c);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_FRAGMENT
+	/* close fragmentation handler */
+	do_close_fragment (c);
+#endif
+
+	/* close --ifconfig-pool-persist obj */
+	do_close_ifconfig_pool_persist (c);
+
+	/* garbage collect */
+	gc_free (&c->c2.gc);
+      }
+}
+
+void
+inherit_context_child (struct context *dest,
+		       const struct context *src)
+{
+  CLEAR (*dest);
+
+  switch (src->options.proto)
+    {
+    case PROTO_UDPv4:
+      dest->mode = CM_CHILD_UDP;
+      break;
+    case PROTO_TCPv4_SERVER:
+      dest->mode = CM_CHILD_TCP;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ASSERT (0);
+    }
+
+  dest->first_time = false;
+
+  dest->gc = gc_new ();
+
+  ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR_GC (dest->sig, struct signal_info, &dest->gc);
+
+  /* c1 init */
+  packet_id_persist_init (&dest->c1.pid_persist);
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  dest->c1.ks.key_type = src->c1.ks.key_type;
+#ifdef USE_SSL
+  /* inherit SSL context */
+  dest->c1.ks.ssl_ctx = src->c1.ks.ssl_ctx;
+  dest->c1.ks.tls_auth_key = src->c1.ks.tls_auth_key;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  /* options */
+  dest->options = src->options;
+  options_detach (&dest->options);
+
+  if (dest->mode == CM_CHILD_TCP)
+    {
+      /*
+       * The CM_TOP context does the socket listen(),
+       * and the CM_CHILD_TCP context does the accept().
+       */
+      dest->c2.accept_from = src->c2.link_socket;
+    }
+
+  /* inherit plugins */
+  dest->c1.plugins = src->c1.plugins;
+
+  /* context init */
+  init_instance (dest, src->c2.es, CC_USR1_TO_HUP | CC_GC_FREE);
+  if (IS_SIG (dest))
+    return;
+
+  /* inherit tun/tap interface object */
+  dest->c1.tuntap = src->c1.tuntap;
+
+  /* UDP inherits some extra things which TCP does not */
+  if (dest->mode == CM_CHILD_UDP)
+    {
+      /* inherit buffers */
+      dest->c2.buffers = src->c2.buffers;
+
+      /* inherit parent link_socket and tuntap */
+      dest->c2.link_socket = src->c2.link_socket;
+
+      ALLOC_OBJ_GC (dest->c2.link_socket_info, struct link_socket_info, &dest->gc);
+      *dest->c2.link_socket_info = src->c2.link_socket->info;
+
+      /* locally override some link_socket_info fields */
+      dest->c2.link_socket_info->lsa = &dest->c1.link_socket_addr;
+      dest->c2.link_socket_info->connection_established = false;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+inherit_context_top (struct context *dest,
+		     const struct context *src)
+{
+  /* copy parent */
+  *dest = *src;
+
+  /*
+   * CM_TOP_CLONE will prevent close_instance from freeing or closing
+   * resources owned by the parent.
+   *
+   * Also note that CM_TOP_CLONE context objects are
+   * closed by multi_top_free in multi.c.
+   */
+  dest->mode = CM_TOP_CLONE; 
+
+  dest->first_time = false;
+
+  options_detach (&dest->options);
+  gc_detach (&dest->gc);
+  gc_detach (&dest->c2.gc);
+
+#if defined(USE_CRYPTO) && defined(USE_SSL)
+  dest->c2.tls_multi = NULL;
+#endif
+
+  dest->c1.tuntap_owned = false;
+  dest->c1.status_output_owned = false;
+#if P2MP_SERVER
+  dest->c1.ifconfig_pool_persist_owned = false;
+#endif
+  dest->c2.event_set_owned = false;
+  dest->c2.link_socket_owned = false;
+  dest->c2.buffers_owned = false;
+
+  dest->c2.event_set = NULL;
+  if (src->options.proto == PROTO_UDPv4)
+    do_event_set_init (dest, false);
+}
+
+void
+close_context (struct context *c, int sig, unsigned int flags)
+{
+  if (sig >= 0)
+    c->sig->signal_received = sig;
+
+  if (c->sig->signal_received == SIGUSR1)
+    {
+      if ((flags & CC_USR1_TO_HUP)
+	  || (c->sig->hard && (flags & CC_HARD_USR1_TO_HUP)))
+	c->sig->signal_received = SIGHUP;
+    }
+
+  close_instance (c);
+
+  if (flags & CC_GC_FREE)
+    context_gc_free (c);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+
+static void
+test_malloc (void)
+{
+  int i, j;
+  msg (M_INFO, "Multithreaded malloc test...");
+  for (i = 0; i < 25; ++i)
+    {
+      struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+      const int limit = get_random () & 0x03FF;
+      for (j = 0; j < limit; ++j)
+	{
+	  gc_malloc (get_random () & 0x03FF, false, &gc);
+	}
+      gc_free (&gc);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do a loopback test
+ * on the crypto subsystem.
+ */
+static void *
+test_crypto_thread (void *arg)
+{
+  struct context *c = (struct context *) arg;
+  const struct options *options = &c->options;
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD)
+  struct context *child = NULL;
+  openvpn_thread_t child_id = 0;
+#endif
+
+  ASSERT (options->test_crypto);
+  init_verb_mute (c, IVM_LEVEL_1);
+  context_init_1 (c);
+  do_init_crypto_static (c, 0);
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD)
+  {
+    if (c->first_time && options->n_threads > 1)
+      {
+	if (options->n_threads > 2)
+	  msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: --test-crypto option only works with --threads set to 1 or 2");
+	openvpn_thread_init ();
+	ALLOC_OBJ (child, struct context);
+	context_clear (child);
+	child->options = *options;
+	options_detach (&child->options);
+	child->first_time = false;
+	child_id = openvpn_thread_create (test_crypto_thread, (void *) child);
+      }
+  }
+#endif
+  frame_finalize_options (c, options);
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD)
+  if (options->n_threads == 2)
+    test_malloc ();
+#endif
+
+  test_crypto (&c->c2.crypto_options, &c->c2.frame);
+
+  key_schedule_free (&c->c1.ks, true);
+  packet_id_free (&c->c2.packet_id);
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD)
+  if (c->first_time && options->n_threads > 1)
+    openvpn_thread_join (child_id);
+  if (child)
+    free (child);
+#endif
+  context_gc_free (c);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+bool
+do_test_crypto (const struct options *o)
+{
+#ifdef USE_CRYPTO
+  if (o->test_crypto)
+    {
+      struct context c;
+
+      /* print version number */
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", title_string);
+
+     context_clear (&c);
+      c.options = *o;
+      options_detach (&c.options);
+      c.first_time = true;
+      test_crypto_thread ((void *) &c);
+      return true;
+    }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}