| Age | Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Files | Lines |
|---|
|
|
|
All functions are now documented in doxygen format. Comments have been
updated to reflect the current state of the code. Many areas for
improvement in clarity and design have been noted, as well as cruft to
be removed. These changes are not reflected in this commit both to
allow time for comment and to keep commits organized by purpose.
|
|
a1c3829 also maybe do the block height this time, you know, just so that it actually works. (Riccardo Spagni)
|
|
works.
|
|
23d1538 also update the timestamp for the hard fork (Riccardo Spagni)
|
|
|
|
eda51a0 set fork date for September, add hyc's GPG key, remove aabramov's (Riccardo Spagni)
|
|
|
|
Ain't nobody got time for link/cmake skullduggery.
This reverts commit fff238ec94ac6d45fc18c315d7bc590ddfaad63d.
|
|
Useful for debugging users' logs
|
|
|
|
and all other associated IPC
|
|
This is already the default for the daemon, but by checking a command
line argument and calling a Blockchain member function setter.
Initialize the variable to false so it's not dependent on an external
command-line argument check. This allows utilities like
blockchain_import to have a reasonable default without code changes.
|
|
c2a1fee simplewallet: prompt for private keys when generating wallets (moneromooo-monero)
4513b4c simplewallet: add a new --restore-from-keys option (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
|
|
Could wrap more later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is similar in use to --restore-from-view-key, but also expects
a spend private key.
Requested by luigi1112, and useful to restore MyMonero wallets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
To avoid special cases
|
|
It can now be set by some other code, and is thus tested
|
|
We also replace the --fakechain option with an optional structure
containing details about configuration for the core/blockchain,
for test purposes. This seems more future friendly.
|
|
Not doing so will prevent the new genesis block from being
reset if a switch past v1 had occured already.
|
|
|
|
Ensures the database is consistent.
Also simplifes blockchain_import in that verify mode off has less to
work around.
|
|
This will later allow the HardFork object's DB update functions to be
called when the DB transaction that persists across block add/remove is
open.
|
|
|
|
05bfb51 core: move the db lock to the data directory (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
7658ac0 blockchain: revert handle_get_objects adding block id on tx not found (moneromooo-monero)
3a0f4d8 berkeleydb: fix delete/free mismatch (moneromooo-monero)
1642be2 minor bugfixes and refactoring (Thomas Winget)
098dcf2 unit_tests: fix mnemonics unit test testing invalid seeds (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
Locking just one db turns out to not have been a good idea, since
the pool and p2p state fdles have to be used anyway.
Also ensure the directory exists before tring to lock.
|
|
This differs from the original CN code, and there seems to be
no reason to include the block itself, if it was found
|
|
- Blockchain should store if it's running on testnet or not
- moved loading compiled-in block hashes to its own function for clarity
- on handle_get_objects, should now correctly return false if a block's
transactions are missing
- replace instances of BOOST_FOREACH with C++11 for loops in Blockchain.
|
|
|
|
8b3539b core: prevent the database from being used by multiple daemons (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
7fc6fa3 wallet: forbid dust altogether in output selection where appropriate (moneromooo-monero)
5e1a739 blockchain: log number of outputs available for a new tx (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
bcac101 daemon: fix a few issues reported by valgrind (moneromooo-monero)
a7e8174 tx_pool: fix serialization of new relayed data (moneromooo-monero)
601ad76 hardfork: fix mixup in indexing variable in get_voting_info (moneromooo-monero)
444e22f blockchain: remove unused timer (moneromooo-monero)
7edfdd8 blockchain: fix m_sync_counter uninitialized variable use (moneromooo-monero)
d97582c epee: use generate_random_bytes for new random uuids (moneromooo-monero)
17c7c9c epee: remove dodgy random code that nobody uses (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
A boost lock is used to determine whether more than one process
wants to access the database. The boost file_lock doesn't seem
to like locking directories, so we use an arbitrary file in it.
This allows to still run two daemons if they have different
database directories (ie, LMDB/BDB, different data directories).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It counts the number of blocks added since last zeroing
|
|
It can flush a particular tx, or the whole pool (the RPC command
can flush a list of transactions too)
|
|
|
|
This is intended to avoid cases where a timed out tx will be
re-relayed by another peer for which it has not timed out yet,
which would cause the tx to stay in the network's pool for a
long time (until all peers time it out before another one
tries to relay it again).
|
|
|
|
Some of it uses hardcoded height, which will need some thinking
for next (voted upon) fork.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1e07110 Nicer looking exit when blockchain.bin is found (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
Do not print the exception message, and write the important bit
in red, since people will only read the last line otherwise.
|
|
Fixes intermittent test failures when the pool contains
unexpected transactions that were brought in from the
live pool.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This ensures this will be done without fail, as the error prone
matching of every return with a call to KILL_IOSERVICE leads to
hard to debug corruption when one is missing.
|
|
- only try to stop if actually started
- print number of threads before zeroing it
This fixes the suspiciously doubled "Mining has been stopped"
message on exit.
|
|
0953355 blockchain_db: inform user about new format if blockchain.bin is found (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
b39aae7 Tweak 45800a25e9374e63caaabba05c89585c86acd668 (hyc)
4a5a5ff blockchain: always stop the ioservice before returning (moneromooo-monero)
78b65cf db_lmdb: safety close db at exit (moneromooo-monero)
45800a2 db_lmdb: fix a strdup/delete[] mistmatch (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
fc34132 Remove assert from status command (hyc)
|
|
b0541a5 blockchain: remove obsolete containers (moneromooo-monero)
18a5211 blockchain: Fix height in call to on_blockchain_dec (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
|
|
Fixes a use after free
|
|
Crashes every time...
|
|
|
|
It was a noop anyway
|
|
|
|
If the block reward was too high, the verification failed flag
was set, but the function continued. The code which was supposed
to trap this flag and return failure failed to trap it, and,
while the block was not added to the chain, the function would
return success.
The reason for avoiding returning when the block reward problem
was detected was to be able to return any transactions to the
pool if needed. This is now mooted by moving the transaction
return code to a separate function, which is now called at all
appropriate points, making the logic much simpler, and hopefully
correct now.
We also move the hard fork version check after the prev_id check,
as block which does not go on the top of the chain might not
have the expected version there, without being invalid just for
this reason.
Last, we trap the case where a block fails to be added due to
using already spent key images, to set the verification failed
flag.
|
|
|
|
This fixes some double spending tests.
This may or may not be unneeded in normal (non test) circumstances,
to be determined later. Keeping these for now may be slower, but safer.
|
|
Probably paranoid and unnecessary
|
|
Block reward may now be less than the full amount allowed.
This was breaking the bitflipping test.
We now keep track of whether a block which was accepted by the core
has a lower than allowed block reward, and allow this in the test.
|
|
It was missing in the port to DB.
This is actually a noop, so should not have functional changes.
|
|
When rolling over more than one block, the db height will decrease,
but the split height should be constant, as per the original code.
|
|
It was present in the original code
|
|
This can happen when trying to find an amount that does not exist,
and fixes a core test.
|
|
The check was explicit in the original version, so it seems
safer to make it explicit here, especially as it is now done
implicitely in a different place, away from the original check.
|
|
And make it change behavior slightly when close/after first hard fork
|
|
|
|
The former is obsolete
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remove trailing whitespace in same files.
|
|
a74cc1b hardfork: only accept major versions we know about (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
|
|
|
|
The core tests use the blockchain, and reset it to be able
to add test data to it. This does not play nice with the
databases, since those will save that data without an explicit
save call.
We add a fakechain flag that the tests will set, which tells
the core and blockchain code to use a separate database, as
well as skip a few things like checkpoints and fixup, which
only make sense for real data.
|
|
This makes it log the same height as the original code, which is
less confusing when comparing behaviors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
336b375 Register daemon command line arguments to core if they're used in core (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
This fixes coretests, which does not register daemon specific arguments,
but uses core, which uses those arguments. Also gets rid of an unwanted
dependency on daemon code from core.
|
|
Early DB versions did not store key images for inputs if the
transaction spending them had no outputs (ie, all fee). This
is not correct, as this would allow these outputs to be double
spent. This was fixed in 533acc30eda7792c802ea8b6417917fa99b8bc2b
a few months ago, but databases having synced blocks 2021612 and
685498 with a faulty version will be missing those key images
in the spent keys database. This code checks for this, and adds
those key images if they are missing.
|
|
This reverts commit c6bf73131aaf804cb17f24c856f826be2761a566, reversing
changes made to 8a52cf4055d247dd4b162985c931e99683992e3c.
|
|
This allows them to be saved as a fixed (one byte) chunk whatever
the value. Using a varint will use two bytes as the high bit gets
set.
This is backward compatible with current usage (0-2 values).
|
|
d887c18 hardfork: fix more major/minor issues (moneromooo-monero)
3b47ca2 hardfork: fix rescan on load (moneromooo-monero)
4cea2b1 Add IP blocking for misbehaving nodes (adapted from Boolberry) (Javier Smooth)
9c64b12 quiet down p2p logging a bit (Javier Smooth)
53c75ab blockchain: log versions as numbers, not characters (moneromooo-monero)
edade8d hardfork: fix actual/voting confusion (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
Also add some more tests, and rename some instances of
"version" and "add" for clarity.
NOTE: the starting height values are sometimes wrong.
I suspect this is due to the hard fork reorg code being
buggy, since they're good when syncing after the fact.
However, they're not actually used by the consensus code,
so I'm ignoring this for now, but this needs debugging.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The last relayed time of a transaction is maintained, and
transactions will be relayed again if they are still in the
pool after a certain amount of time, which increases with
the transaction's age. All such transactions are resent,
whether or not they originated on the local node.
|
|
Use the correct block time for realtime fuzz on locktime
Use the correct block time to calculate next_difficulty on alt chains (will not work as-is with voting)
Lock unit tests to original block time for now
|
|
version 2
|
|
It returns the ideal version for a given height, which is
based on the minimum height for a fork, disregarding votes
|
|
And setup the first fork to not vote
|
|
git history's here if needed to get any of this back
|
|
|
|
ecbb732 Fix leak on real output when using a very recent output (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
43bca0d blockchain_utilities: new blockchain_dump diagnostic tool (moneromooo-monero)
5f397e4 Add functions to iterate through blocks, txes, outputs, key images (moneromooo-monero)
0a5a5e8 db_bdb: record numbers for recno databases start at 1 (moneromooo-monero)
50dfdc0 db_bdb: DB_KEYEMPTY is also not found for non-top recon fields (moneromooo-monero)
572780e blockchain_db: use the DNE exceptions where appropriate (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
The wallet and the daemon applied different height considerations
when selecting outputs to use. This can leak information on which
input in a ring signature is the real one.
Found and originally fixed by smooth on Aeon.
|
|
|
|
Using major version would cause older daemons to reject those
blocks as they fail to deserialize blocks with a major version
which is not 1. There is no such restriction on the minor
version, so switching allows older daemons to coexist with
newer ones till the actual fork date, when most will hopefully
have updated already.
Also, for the same reason, we consider a vote for 0 to be a
vote for 1, since older daemons set minor version to 0.
|
|
Also make the number of blocks endian independant, and add
support for testnet
|
|
It speeds up a lot, which can be significant when reorganizing
from the genesis block to create the hard fork data.
|
|
There is no need to fully recalculate and rewrite state, just
refill state from the DB.
|
|
The wallet decomposes fully as of now too.
|
|
The small leftover is carried forward
|
|
|
|
An unsigned quantity is always >= 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add a block height before which version 1 is assumed
Use DB transactions
|
|
|
|
So they can avoid dust if they so wish
|
|
This allows knowing the hard fork a block must obey in order to be
added to the blockchain. The previous semantics would use that new
block's version vote to determine this hard fork, which made it
impossible to use the rules to validate transactions entering the
tx pool (and made it impossible to validate a block before adding
it to the blockchain).
|
|
|
|
There will be a delay on first load of an existing blockchain
as it gets reparsed for this state data.
|
|
I coded the whole thing from scratch.
|
|
|
|
Since the state isn't actually saved anywhere, as the archive
code isn't called in the new DB version.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This keeps track of voting via block version, in order to decide
when to enable a particular fork's code.
|
|
|
|
crypto::rand is now used for output selection
|
|
To get the tx keys returned via RPC, set the "get_tx_key" or
"get_tx_keys" request field to true (defaults to false).
|
|
3b5330e use correct unsigned type (roman)
59cc92b removed some gcc warnings. mainly unused variables. (roman)
|
|
|
|
They are also stored in the cache file, to be retrieved using
a new get_tx_key command.
|
|
And I'd like a comment from tewinget or someone else
|
|
Block addition can fail, and the old code would not update the
cumulative size in that case.
|
|
|
|
This is an unintended difference from the old code. Though I don't
think it can actually happen in practice with the current take_tx
implementation.
|
|
The height function apparently used to return the index of
the last block, rather than the height of the chain. This now
seems to be incorrect, judging the the code, so we remove the
now wrong comment, as well as a couple +/- 1 adjustments
which now cause the median calculation to differ from the
original blockchain_storage version.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4f19e68 blockchain: factor get_num_outpouts(amount) calls (moneromooo-monero)
275894c blockchain: always select random outs using triangular distribution (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
It has to stay constant as we get the blockchain lock for the
entire function. Avoids some unnecessary DB accesses.
|
|
It was only used by the older blockchain_storage.
We also move the code to the calling blockchain level, to avoid
replicating the code in every DB implementation. This also makes
the get_random_out method obsolete, and we delete it.
|
|
Pros:
- smaller on the blockchain
- shorter integrated addresses
Cons:
- less sparseness
- less ability to embed actual information
The boolean argument to encrypt payment ids is now gone from the
RPC calls, since the decision is made based on the length of the
payment id passed.
|
|
A payment ID may be encrypted using the tx secret key and the
receiver's public view key. The receiver can decrypt it with
the tx public key and the receiver's secret view key.
Using integrated addresses now cause the payment IDs to be
encrypted. Payment IDs used manually are not encrypted by default,
but can be encrypted using the new 'encrypt_payment_id' field
in the transfer and transfer_split RPC calls. It is not possible
to use an encrypted payment ID by specifying a manual simplewallet
transfer/transfer_new command, though this is just a limitation
due to input parsing.
|
|
e20a4dd blockchain: fix testnet syncing (to not use blocks.dat) (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
These are mainnet blocks, and would cause syncing on testnet to
reject all incoming blocks.
|
|
*Thanks to freshman for reporting bug.
|
|
Added option to cache tx-input verification results.
|
|
Fixed OSX compilation issues due to random lmdb resize points.
Fixed infinite loop bug when calling core::get_block_template(..).
|
|
Bockchain:
1. Optim: Multi-thread long-hash computation when encountering groups of blocks.
2. Optim: Cache verified txs and return result from cache instead of re-checking whenever possible.
3. Optim: Preload output-keys when encoutering groups of blocks. Sort by amount and global-index before bulk querying database and multi-thread when possible.
4. Optim: Disable double spend check on block verification, double spend is already detected when trying to add blocks.
5. Optim: Multi-thread signature computation whenever possible.
6. Patch: Disable locking (recursive mutex) on called functions from check_tx_inputs which causes slowdowns (only seems to happen on ubuntu/VMs??? Reason: TBD)
7. Optim: Removed looped full-tx hash computation when retrieving transactions from pool (???).
8. Optim: Cache difficulty/timestamps (735 blocks) for next-difficulty calculations so that only 2 db reads per new block is needed when a new block arrives (instead of 1470 reads).
Berkeley-DB:
1. Fix: 32-bit data errors causing wrong output global indices and failure to send blocks to peers (etc).
2. Fix: Unable to pop blocks on reorganize due to transaction errors.
3. Patch: Large number of transaction aborts when running multi-threaded bulk queries.
4. Patch: Insufficient locks error when running full sync.
5. Patch: Incorrect db stats when returning from an immediate exit from "pop block" operation.
6. Optim: Add bulk queries to get output global indices.
7. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
8. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
9. Optim: Added thread-safe buffers used when multi-threading bulk queries.
10. Optim: Added support for nosync/write_nosync options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
11. Mod: Added checkpoint thread and auto-remove-logs option.
12. *Now usable on 32-bit systems like RPI2.
LMDB:
1. Optim: Added custom comparison for 256-bit key tables (minor speed-up, TBD: get actual effect)
2. Optim: Modified output_keys table to store public_key+unlock_time+height for single transaction lookup (vs 3)
3. Optim: Used output_keys table retrieve public_keys instead of going through output_amounts->output_txs+output_indices->txs->output:public_key
4. Optim: Added support for sync/writemap options for improved performance (*see --db-sync-mode option for details)
5. Mod: Auto resize to +1GB instead of multiplier x1.5
ETC:
1. Minor optimizations for slow-hash for ARM (RPI2). Incomplete.
2. Fix: 32-bit saturation bug when computing next difficulty on large blocks.
[PENDING ISSUES]
1. Berkely db has a very slow "pop-block" operation. This is very noticeable on the RPI2 as it sometimes takes > 10 MINUTES to pop a block during reorganization.
This does not happen very often however, most reorgs seem to take a few seconds but it possibly depends on the number of outputs present. TBD.
2. Berkeley db, possible bug "unable to allocate memory". TBD.
[NEW OPTIONS] (*Currently all enabled for testing purposes)
1. --fast-block-sync arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
a. 0 = Compute long hash per block (may take a while depending on CPU)
b. 1 = Skip long-hash and verify blocks based on embedded known good block hashes (faster, minimal CPU dependence)
2. --db-sync-mode arg=[[safe|fast|fastest]:[sync|async]:[nblocks_per_sync]] (default: fastest:async:1000)
a. safe = fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent) per stored block. Very slow, but safest option to protect against power-out/crash conditions.
b. fast/fastest = Enables asynchronous fdatasync/fsync (or equivalent). Useful for battery operated devices or STABLE systems with UPS and/or systems with battery backed write cache/solid state cache.
Fast - Write meta-data but defer data flush.
Fastest - Defer meta-data and data flush.
Sync - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync and wait.
Async - Flush data after nblocks_per_sync but do not wait for the operation to finish.
3. --prep-blocks-threads arg=[n] (default: 4 or system max threads, whichever is lower)
Max number of threads to use when computing long-hash in groups.
4. --show-time-stats arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
Show benchmark related time stats.
5. --db-auto-remove-logs arg=[0:1] (default: 1)
For berkeley-db only. Auto remove logs if enabled.
**Note: lmdb and berkeley-db have changes to the tables and are not compatible with official git head version.
At the moment, you need a full resync to use this optimized version.
[PERFORMANCE COMPARISON]
**Some figures are approximations only.
Using a baseline machine of an i7-2600K+SSD+(with full pow computation):
1. The optimized lmdb/blockhain core can process blocks up to 585K for ~1.25 hours + download time, so it usually takes 2.5 hours to sync the full chain.
2. The current head with memory can process blocks up to 585K for ~4.2 hours + download time, so it usually takes 5.5 hours to sync the full chain.
3. The current head with lmdb can process blocks up to 585K for ~32 hours + download time and usually takes 36 hours to sync the full chain.
Averate procesing times (with full pow computation):
lmdb-optimized:
1. tx_ave = 2.5 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 5.87 ms / block
memory-official-repo:
1. tx_ave = 8.85 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 19.68 ms / block
lmdb-official-repo (0f4a036437fd41a5498ee5e74e2422ea6177aa3e)
1. tx_ave = 47.8 ms / tx
2. block_ave = 64.2 ms / block
**Note: The following data denotes processing times only (does not include p2p download time)
lmdb-optimized processing times (with full pow computation):
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.25 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. Laptop, Dual-core / 4-threads U4200 (3Mb) - 4.90 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
3. Embedded, Quad-core / 4-threads Z3735F (2x1Mb) - 12.0 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
lmdb-optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 10 minutes processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with full pow computation)
1. Desktop, Quad-core / 8-threads 2600k (8Mb) - 1.8 hours processing time (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
2. RPI2. Improved from estimated 3 months(???) into 2.5 days (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
berkeley-db optimized processing times (with per-block-checkpoint)
1. RPI2. 12-15 hours (*Need 2AMP supply + Clock:1Ghz + [usb+ssd] to achieve this speed) (--db-sync-mode=fastest:async:1000).
|
|
Fix compilation error
|
|
|
|
to lock up.
|
|
|
|
|
|
bbc5475 Fix DNS checkpoint consensus code (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
It's supposed to load all records and pick one that it finds twice.
|
|
|
|
|
|
c882af6 wallet: add watch only wallet support (moneromooo-monero)
f7767c6 account: add a forget_spend_key method (moneromooo-monero)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add public method blockchain_storage::debug_pop_block_from_blockchain()
Ensure blockchain_import calls destructors before exit.
To test:
DATABASE=memory make release
// create blockchain.bin from blockchain.raw if needed
build/release/bin/blockchain_import --block-stop 1000
// try popping a single block
build/release/bin/blockchain_import --pop-blocks 1
|
|
|
|
ac011b4 Rename src/blockchain_converter/ to src/blockchain_utilities/ (warptangent)
ed9c639 Add --block-number option to blockchain_import (warptangent)
1eb4c66 Update blockchain utilities with portable bootstrap file format (warptangent)
54bd9c1 Add MDB_NORDAHEAD as a supported LMDB flag for blockchain_import (warptangent)
a52496d Condense #if directives (warptangent)
8c1a188 Add basic "pop blocks" command to blockchain_import for debugging (warptangent)
71af046 Update log statements (warptangent)
|
|
|
|
Use filesystem path conversion to string() instead of c_str().
Windows may otherwise output an address.
|
|
641d824 Keep memory pool consistent when stuck tx removed (warptangent)
b76857f Add mempool output to daemon via command and RPC (warptangent)
|
|
|
|
|
|
When a stuck tx is removed from memory pool, first remove the associated
spent key images.
|
|
This is for the "print_pool" command and "get_transaction_pool" RPC
method.
Add mempool's spent key images to the results.
|
|
Only one thread will be doing the updating.
Two valid responses must match, and the first two that match will be
used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
e6740ee Enforce DNSSEC for checkpoint updates (Thomas Winget)
dbf46a7 DNSSEC added (hardcoded key) (Thomas Winget)
|
|
b43716c Do store transaction's blob size in transaction_chain_entry (Sergey Kazenyuk)
3be518f Use single get_transaction_hash to get both id and blob size (Sergey Kazenyuk)
|
|
There will need to be some more refactoring for these changes to be
considered complete/correct, but for now it's working.
new daemon cli argument "--db-type", works for LMDB and BerkeleyDB.
A good deal of refactoring is also present in this commit, namely
Blockchain no longer instantiates BlockchainDB, but rather is passed a
pointer to an already-instantiated BlockchainDB on init().
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preparation for PR
|
|
Where this method is used, a BlockchainDB object is always expected, so
a pointer is unnecessary and less safe.
|
