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path: root/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp
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-rw-r--r--src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp192
1 files changed, 126 insertions, 66 deletions
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp
index e542b5e7f..fbff8d878 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain.cpp
@@ -731,9 +731,9 @@ bool Blockchain::reset_and_set_genesis_block(const block& b)
LOG_PRINT_L3("Blockchain::" << __func__);
CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
m_timestamps_and_difficulties_height = 0;
- m_alternative_chains.clear();
invalidate_block_template_cache();
m_db->reset();
+ m_db->drop_alt_blocks();
m_hardfork->init();
db_wtxn_guard wtxn_guard(m_db);
@@ -858,10 +858,15 @@ bool Blockchain::get_block_by_hash(const crypto::hash &h, block &blk, bool *orph
// try to find block in alternative chain
catch (const BLOCK_DNE& e)
{
- blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator it_alt = m_alternative_chains.find(h);
- if (m_alternative_chains.end() != it_alt)
+ alt_block_data_t data;
+ cryptonote::blobdata blob;
+ if (m_db->get_alt_block(h, &data, &blob))
{
- blk = it_alt->second.bl;
+ if (!cryptonote::parse_and_validate_block_from_blob(blob, blk))
+ {
+ MERROR("Found block " << h << " in alt chain, but failed to parse it");
+ throw std::runtime_error("Found block in alt chain, but failed to parse it");
+ }
if (orphan)
*orphan = true;
return true;
@@ -1019,7 +1024,7 @@ bool Blockchain::rollback_blockchain_switching(std::list<block>& original_chain,
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function attempts to switch to an alternate chain, returning
// boolean based on success therein.
-bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator>& alt_chain, bool discard_disconnected_chain)
+bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<block_extended_info>& alt_chain, bool discard_disconnected_chain)
{
LOG_PRINT_L3("Blockchain::" << __func__);
CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
@@ -1030,7 +1035,7 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(alt_chain.size(), false, "switch_to_alternative_blockchain: empty chain passed");
// verify that main chain has front of alt chain's parent block
- if (!m_db->block_exists(alt_chain.front()->second.bl.prev_id))
+ if (!m_db->block_exists(alt_chain.front().bl.prev_id))
{
LOG_ERROR("Attempting to move to an alternate chain, but it doesn't appear to connect to the main chain!");
return false;
@@ -1039,7 +1044,7 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
// pop blocks from the blockchain until the top block is the parent
// of the front block of the alt chain.
std::list<block> disconnected_chain;
- while (m_db->top_block_hash() != alt_chain.front()->second.bl.prev_id)
+ while (m_db->top_block_hash() != alt_chain.front().bl.prev_id)
{
block b = pop_block_from_blockchain();
disconnected_chain.push_front(b);
@@ -1050,11 +1055,11 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
//connecting new alternative chain
for(auto alt_ch_iter = alt_chain.begin(); alt_ch_iter != alt_chain.end(); alt_ch_iter++)
{
- auto ch_ent = *alt_ch_iter;
+ const auto &bei = *alt_ch_iter;
block_verification_context bvc = boost::value_initialized<block_verification_context>();
// add block to main chain
- bool r = handle_block_to_main_chain(ch_ent->second.bl, bvc);
+ bool r = handle_block_to_main_chain(bei.bl, bvc);
// if adding block to main chain failed, rollback to previous state and
// return false
@@ -1070,14 +1075,18 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
// FIXME: Why do we keep invalid blocks around? Possibly in case we hear
// about them again so we can immediately dismiss them, but needs some
// looking into.
- add_block_as_invalid(ch_ent->second, get_block_hash(ch_ent->second.bl));
- MERROR("The block was inserted as invalid while connecting new alternative chain, block_id: " << get_block_hash(ch_ent->second.bl));
- m_alternative_chains.erase(*alt_ch_iter++);
+ const crypto::hash blkid = cryptonote::get_block_hash(bei.bl);
+ add_block_as_invalid(bei, blkid);
+ MERROR("The block was inserted as invalid while connecting new alternative chain, block_id: " << blkid);
+ m_db->remove_alt_block(blkid);
+ alt_ch_iter++;
for(auto alt_ch_to_orph_iter = alt_ch_iter; alt_ch_to_orph_iter != alt_chain.end(); )
{
- add_block_as_invalid((*alt_ch_to_orph_iter)->second, (*alt_ch_to_orph_iter)->first);
- m_alternative_chains.erase(*alt_ch_to_orph_iter++);
+ const auto &bei = *alt_ch_to_orph_iter++;
+ const crypto::hash blkid = cryptonote::get_block_hash(bei.bl);
+ add_block_as_invalid(bei, blkid);
+ m_db->remove_alt_block(blkid);
}
return false;
}
@@ -1102,9 +1111,9 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
}
//removing alt_chain entries from alternative chains container
- for (auto ch_ent: alt_chain)
+ for (const auto &bei: alt_chain)
{
- m_alternative_chains.erase(ch_ent);
+ m_db->remove_alt_block(cryptonote::get_block_hash(bei.bl));
}
m_hardfork->reorganize_from_chain_height(split_height);
@@ -1120,7 +1129,7 @@ bool Blockchain::switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function calculates the difficulty target for the block being added to
// an alternate chain.
-difficulty_type Blockchain::get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(const std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator>& alt_chain, block_extended_info& bei) const
+difficulty_type Blockchain::get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(const std::list<block_extended_info>& alt_chain, block_extended_info& bei) const
{
if (m_fixed_difficulty)
{
@@ -1138,7 +1147,7 @@ difficulty_type Blockchain::get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(const std:
CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
// Figure out start and stop offsets for main chain blocks
- size_t main_chain_stop_offset = alt_chain.size() ? alt_chain.front()->second.height : bei.height;
+ size_t main_chain_stop_offset = alt_chain.size() ? alt_chain.front().height : bei.height;
size_t main_chain_count = DIFFICULTY_BLOCKS_COUNT - std::min(static_cast<size_t>(DIFFICULTY_BLOCKS_COUNT), alt_chain.size());
main_chain_count = std::min(main_chain_count, main_chain_stop_offset);
size_t main_chain_start_offset = main_chain_stop_offset - main_chain_count;
@@ -1156,10 +1165,10 @@ difficulty_type Blockchain::get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(const std:
// make sure we haven't accidentally grabbed too many blocks...maybe don't need this check?
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES((alt_chain.size() + timestamps.size()) <= DIFFICULTY_BLOCKS_COUNT, false, "Internal error, alt_chain.size()[" << alt_chain.size() << "] + vtimestampsec.size()[" << timestamps.size() << "] NOT <= DIFFICULTY_WINDOW[]" << DIFFICULTY_BLOCKS_COUNT);
- for (auto it : alt_chain)
+ for (const auto &bei : alt_chain)
{
- timestamps.push_back(it->second.bl.timestamp);
- cumulative_difficulties.push_back(it->second.cumulative_difficulty);
+ timestamps.push_back(bei.bl.timestamp);
+ cumulative_difficulties.push_back(bei.cumulative_difficulty);
}
}
// if the alt chain is long enough for the difficulty calc, grab difficulties
@@ -1171,10 +1180,10 @@ difficulty_type Blockchain::get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(const std:
size_t count = 0;
size_t max_i = timestamps.size()-1;
// get difficulties and timestamps from most recent blocks in alt chain
- for(auto it: boost::adaptors::reverse(alt_chain))
+ for (const auto bei: boost::adaptors::reverse(alt_chain))
{
- timestamps[max_i - count] = it->second.bl.timestamp;
- cumulative_difficulties[max_i - count] = it->second.cumulative_difficulty;
+ timestamps[max_i - count] = bei.bl.timestamp;
+ cumulative_difficulties[max_i - count] = bei.cumulative_difficulty;
count++;
if(count >= DIFFICULTY_BLOCKS_COUNT)
break;
@@ -1393,16 +1402,17 @@ bool Blockchain::create_block_template(block& b, const crypto::hash *from_block,
//build alternative subchain, front -> mainchain, back -> alternative head
//block is not related with head of main chain
//first of all - look in alternative chains container
- auto it_prev = m_alternative_chains.find(*from_block);
+ alt_block_data_t prev_data;
+ bool parent_in_alt = m_db->get_alt_block(*from_block, &prev_data, NULL);
bool parent_in_main = m_db->block_exists(*from_block);
- if(it_prev == m_alternative_chains.end() && !parent_in_main)
+ if (!parent_in_alt && !parent_in_main)
{
MERROR("Unknown from block");
return false;
}
//we have new block in alternative chain
- std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator> alt_chain;
+ std::list<block_extended_info> alt_chain;
block_verification_context bvc = boost::value_initialized<block_verification_context>();
std::vector<uint64_t> timestamps;
if (!build_alt_chain(*from_block, alt_chain, timestamps, bvc))
@@ -1417,7 +1427,7 @@ bool Blockchain::create_block_template(block& b, const crypto::hash *from_block,
}
else
{
- height = alt_chain.back()->second.height + 1;
+ height = alt_chain.back().height + 1;
}
b.major_version = m_hardfork->get_ideal_version(height);
b.minor_version = m_hardfork->get_ideal_version();
@@ -1432,14 +1442,14 @@ bool Blockchain::create_block_template(block& b, const crypto::hash *from_block,
}
else
{
- median_weight = it_prev->second.block_cumulative_weight - it_prev->second.block_cumulative_weight / 20;
- already_generated_coins = alt_chain.back()->second.already_generated_coins;
+ median_weight = prev_data.cumulative_weight - prev_data.cumulative_weight / 20;
+ already_generated_coins = alt_chain.back().already_generated_coins;
}
// FIXME: consider moving away from block_extended_info at some point
block_extended_info bei = boost::value_initialized<block_extended_info>();
bei.bl = b;
- bei.height = alt_chain.size() ? it_prev->second.height + 1 : m_db->get_block_height(*from_block) + 1;
+ bei.height = alt_chain.size() ? prev_data.height + 1 : m_db->get_block_height(*from_block) + 1;
diffic = get_next_difficulty_for_alternative_chain(alt_chain, bei);
}
@@ -1618,16 +1628,25 @@ bool Blockchain::complete_timestamps_vector(uint64_t start_top_height, std::vect
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
-bool Blockchain::build_alt_chain(const crypto::hash &prev_id, std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator>& alt_chain, std::vector<uint64_t> &timestamps, block_verification_context& bvc) const
+bool Blockchain::build_alt_chain(const crypto::hash &prev_id, std::list<block_extended_info>& alt_chain, std::vector<uint64_t> &timestamps, block_verification_context& bvc) const
{
//build alternative subchain, front -> mainchain, back -> alternative head
- blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator alt_it = m_alternative_chains.find(prev_id);
+ cryptonote::alt_block_data_t data;
+ cryptonote::blobdata blob;
+ bool found = m_db->get_alt_block(prev_id, &data, &blob);
timestamps.clear();
- while(alt_it != m_alternative_chains.end())
+ while(found)
{
- alt_chain.push_front(alt_it);
- timestamps.push_back(alt_it->second.bl.timestamp);
- alt_it = m_alternative_chains.find(alt_it->second.bl.prev_id);
+ block_extended_info bei;
+ CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(cryptonote::parse_and_validate_block_from_blob(blob, bei.bl), false, "Failed to parse alt block");
+ bei.height = data.height;
+ bei.block_cumulative_weight = data.cumulative_weight;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = data.cumulative_difficulty_high;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = (bei.cumulative_difficulty << 64) + data.cumulative_difficulty_low;
+ bei.already_generated_coins = data.already_generated_coins;
+ timestamps.push_back(bei.bl.timestamp);
+ alt_chain.push_front(std::move(bei));
+ found = m_db->get_alt_block(bei.bl.prev_id, &data, &blob);
}
// if block to be added connects to known blocks that aren't part of the
@@ -1635,20 +1654,20 @@ bool Blockchain::build_alt_chain(const crypto::hash &prev_id, std::list<blocks_e
if(!alt_chain.empty())
{
// make sure alt chain doesn't somehow start past the end of the main chain
- CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(m_db->height() > alt_chain.front()->second.height, false, "main blockchain wrong height");
+ CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(m_db->height() > alt_chain.front().height, false, "main blockchain wrong height");
// make sure that the blockchain contains the block that should connect
// this alternate chain with it.
- if (!m_db->block_exists(alt_chain.front()->second.bl.prev_id))
+ if (!m_db->block_exists(alt_chain.front().bl.prev_id))
{
MERROR("alternate chain does not appear to connect to main chain...");
return false;
}
// make sure block connects correctly to the main chain
- auto h = m_db->get_block_hash_from_height(alt_chain.front()->second.height - 1);
- CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(h == alt_chain.front()->second.bl.prev_id, false, "alternative chain has wrong connection to main chain");
- complete_timestamps_vector(m_db->get_block_height(alt_chain.front()->second.bl.prev_id), timestamps);
+ auto h = m_db->get_block_hash_from_height(alt_chain.front().height - 1);
+ CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(h == alt_chain.front().bl.prev_id, false, "alternative chain has wrong connection to main chain");
+ complete_timestamps_vector(m_db->get_block_height(alt_chain.front().bl.prev_id), timestamps);
}
// if block not associated with known alternate chain
else
@@ -1703,12 +1722,13 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
//block is not related with head of main chain
//first of all - look in alternative chains container
- auto it_prev = m_alternative_chains.find(b.prev_id);
+ alt_block_data_t prev_data;
+ bool parent_in_alt = m_db->get_alt_block(b.prev_id, &prev_data, NULL);
bool parent_in_main = m_db->block_exists(b.prev_id);
- if(it_prev != m_alternative_chains.end() || parent_in_main)
+ if (parent_in_alt || parent_in_main)
{
//we have new block in alternative chain
- std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator> alt_chain;
+ std::list<block_extended_info> alt_chain;
std::vector<uint64_t> timestamps;
if (!build_alt_chain(b.prev_id, alt_chain, timestamps, bvc))
return false;
@@ -1716,10 +1736,10 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
// FIXME: consider moving away from block_extended_info at some point
block_extended_info bei = boost::value_initialized<block_extended_info>();
bei.bl = b;
- const uint64_t prev_height = alt_chain.size() ? it_prev->second.height : m_db->get_block_height(b.prev_id);
+ const uint64_t prev_height = alt_chain.size() ? prev_data.height : m_db->get_block_height(b.prev_id);
bei.height = prev_height + 1;
uint64_t block_reward = get_outs_money_amount(b.miner_tx);
- bei.already_generated_coins = block_reward + (alt_chain.size() ? it_prev->second.already_generated_coins : m_db->get_block_already_generated_coins(prev_height));
+ bei.already_generated_coins = block_reward + (alt_chain.size() ? prev_data.already_generated_coins : m_db->get_block_already_generated_coins(prev_height));
// verify that the block's timestamp is within the acceptable range
// (not earlier than the median of the last X blocks)
@@ -1763,7 +1783,8 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
difficulty_type main_chain_cumulative_difficulty = m_db->get_block_cumulative_difficulty(m_db->height() - 1);
if (alt_chain.size())
{
- bei.cumulative_difficulty = it_prev->second.cumulative_difficulty;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = prev_data.cumulative_difficulty_high;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = (bei.cumulative_difficulty << 64) + prev_data.cumulative_difficulty_low;
}
else
{
@@ -1774,15 +1795,21 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
// add block to alternate blocks storage,
// as well as the current "alt chain" container
- auto i_res = m_alternative_chains.insert(blocks_ext_by_hash::value_type(id, bei));
- CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(i_res.second, false, "insertion of new alternative block returned as it already exist");
- alt_chain.push_back(i_res.first);
+ CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(!m_db->get_alt_block(id, NULL, NULL), false, "insertion of new alternative block returned as it already exists");
+ cryptonote::alt_block_data_t data;
+ data.height = bei.height;
+ data.cumulative_weight = bei.block_cumulative_weight;
+ data.cumulative_difficulty_low = (bei.cumulative_difficulty & 0xffffffffffffffff).convert_to<uint64_t>();
+ data.cumulative_difficulty_high = ((bei.cumulative_difficulty >> 64) & 0xffffffffffffffff).convert_to<uint64_t>();
+ data.already_generated_coins = bei.already_generated_coins;
+ m_db->add_alt_block(id, data, cryptonote::block_to_blob(bei.bl));
+ alt_chain.push_back(bei);
// FIXME: is it even possible for a checkpoint to show up not on the main chain?
if(is_a_checkpoint)
{
//do reorganize!
- MGINFO_GREEN("###### REORGANIZE on height: " << alt_chain.front()->second.height << " of " << m_db->height() - 1 << ", checkpoint is found in alternative chain on height " << bei.height);
+ MGINFO_GREEN("###### REORGANIZE on height: " << alt_chain.front().height << " of " << m_db->height() - 1 << ", checkpoint is found in alternative chain on height " << bei.height);
bool r = switch_to_alternative_blockchain(alt_chain, true);
@@ -1794,7 +1821,7 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
else if(main_chain_cumulative_difficulty < bei.cumulative_difficulty) //check if difficulty bigger then in main chain
{
//do reorganize!
- MGINFO_GREEN("###### REORGANIZE on height: " << alt_chain.front()->second.height << " of " << m_db->height() - 1 << " with cum_difficulty " << m_db->get_block_cumulative_difficulty(m_db->height() - 1) << std::endl << " alternative blockchain size: " << alt_chain.size() << " with cum_difficulty " << bei.cumulative_difficulty);
+ MGINFO_GREEN("###### REORGANIZE on height: " << alt_chain.front().height << " of " << m_db->height() - 1 << " with cum_difficulty " << m_db->get_block_cumulative_difficulty(m_db->height() - 1) << std::endl << " alternative blockchain size: " << alt_chain.size() << " with cum_difficulty " << bei.cumulative_difficulty);
bool r = switch_to_alternative_blockchain(alt_chain, false);
if (r)
@@ -1814,7 +1841,7 @@ bool Blockchain::handle_alternative_block(const block& b, const crypto::hash& id
//block orphaned
bvc.m_marked_as_orphaned = true;
MERROR_VER("Block recognized as orphaned and rejected, id = " << id << ", height " << block_height
- << ", parent in alt " << (it_prev != m_alternative_chains.end()) << ", parent in main " << parent_in_main
+ << ", parent in alt " << parent_in_alt << ", parent in main " << parent_in_main
<< " (parent " << b.prev_id << ", current top " << get_tail_id() << ", chain height " << get_current_blockchain_height() << ")");
}
@@ -1923,11 +1950,20 @@ bool Blockchain::get_alternative_blocks(std::vector<block>& blocks) const
LOG_PRINT_L3("Blockchain::" << __func__);
CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
- blocks.reserve(m_alternative_chains.size());
- for (const auto& alt_bl: m_alternative_chains)
- {
- blocks.push_back(alt_bl.second.bl);
- }
+ blocks.reserve(m_db->get_alt_block_count());
+ m_db->for_all_alt_blocks([&blocks](const crypto::hash &blkid, const cryptonote::alt_block_data_t &data, const cryptonote::blobdata *blob) {
+ if (!blob)
+ {
+ MERROR("No blob, but blobs were requested");
+ return false;
+ }
+ cryptonote::block bl;
+ if (cryptonote::parse_and_validate_block_from_blob(*blob, bl))
+ blocks.push_back(std::move(bl));
+ else
+ MERROR("Failed to parse block from blob");
+ return true;
+ }, true);
return true;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1935,7 +1971,7 @@ size_t Blockchain::get_alternative_blocks_count() const
{
LOG_PRINT_L3("Blockchain::" << __func__);
CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
- return m_alternative_chains.size();
+ return m_db->get_alt_block_count();
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function adds the output specified by <amount, i> to the result_outs container
@@ -2422,9 +2458,9 @@ bool Blockchain::have_block(const crypto::hash& id) const
return true;
}
- if(m_alternative_chains.count(id))
+ if(m_db->get_alt_block(id, NULL, NULL))
{
- LOG_PRINT_L2("block " << id << " found in m_alternative_chains");
+ LOG_PRINT_L2("block " << id << " found in alternative chains");
return true;
}
@@ -4810,11 +4846,35 @@ std::list<std::pair<Blockchain::block_extended_info,std::vector<crypto::hash>>>
{
std::list<std::pair<Blockchain::block_extended_info,std::vector<crypto::hash>>> chains;
- for (const auto &i: m_alternative_chains)
+ blocks_ext_by_hash alt_blocks;
+ alt_blocks.reserve(m_db->get_alt_block_count());
+ m_db->for_all_alt_blocks([&alt_blocks](const crypto::hash &blkid, const cryptonote::alt_block_data_t &data, const cryptonote::blobdata *blob) {
+ if (!blob)
+ {
+ MERROR("No blob, but blobs were requested");
+ return false;
+ }
+ cryptonote::block bl;
+ block_extended_info bei;
+ if (cryptonote::parse_and_validate_block_from_blob(*blob, bei.bl))
+ {
+ bei.height = data.height;
+ bei.block_cumulative_weight = data.cumulative_weight;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = data.cumulative_difficulty_high;
+ bei.cumulative_difficulty = (bei.cumulative_difficulty << 64) + data.cumulative_difficulty_low;
+ bei.already_generated_coins = data.already_generated_coins;
+ alt_blocks.insert(std::make_pair(cryptonote::get_block_hash(bei.bl), std::move(bei)));
+ }
+ else
+ MERROR("Failed to parse block from blob");
+ return true;
+ }, true);
+
+ for (const auto &i: alt_blocks)
{
- const crypto::hash &top = i.first;
+ const crypto::hash top = cryptonote::get_block_hash(i.second.bl);
bool found = false;
- for (const auto &j: m_alternative_chains)
+ for (const auto &j: alt_blocks)
{
if (j.second.bl.prev_id == top)
{
@@ -4828,7 +4888,7 @@ std::list<std::pair<Blockchain::block_extended_info,std::vector<crypto::hash>>>
auto h = i.second.bl.prev_id;
chain.push_back(top);
blocks_ext_by_hash::const_iterator prev;
- while ((prev = m_alternative_chains.find(h)) != m_alternative_chains.end())
+ while ((prev = alt_blocks.find(h)) != alt_blocks.end())
{
chain.push_back(h);
h = prev->second.bl.prev_id;