Migration

Migrate from DB version 0 to version 1 on startup

2 files changed, 1049 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.cpp b/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.cpp
index 4320b12bf..3ab2b7154 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.cpp
+++ b/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.cpp
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ int compare_string(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
  * output_txs       output ID    {txn hash, local index}
  * output_amounts   amount       [{amount output index, metadata}...]
  *
- * spent_keys       output hash  -
+ * spent_keys       input hash   -
  *
  * Note: where the data items are of uniform size, DUPFIXED tables have
  * been used to save space. In most of these cases, a dummy "zerokval"
@@ -1114,8 +1114,8 @@ void BlockchainLMDB::open(const std::string& filename, const int mdb_flags)
   m_height = db_stats.ms_entries;
 
   // get and keep current number of txs
-  if ((result = mdb_stat(txn, m_tx_indices, &db_stats)))
-    throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to query m_tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+  if ((result = mdb_stat(txn, m_txs, &db_stats)))
+    throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to query m_txs: ", result).c_str()));
   m_num_txs = db_stats.ms_entries;
 
   // get and keep current number of outputs
@@ -1138,13 +1138,21 @@ void BlockchainLMDB::open(const std::string& filename, const int mdb_flags)
 #if VERSION > 0
     else if (*(const uint32_t*)v.mv_data < VERSION)
     {
-      compatible = false;
+      // Note that there was a schema change within version 0 as well.
+      // See commit e5d2680094ee15889934fe28901e4e133cda56f2 2015/07/10
+      // We don't handle the old format previous to that commit.
+      txn.commit();
+      migrate(*(const uint32_t *)v.mv_data);
+      m_open = true;
+      return;
     }
 #endif
   }
   else
   {
-    // if not found, but we're on version 0, it's fine. If the DB's empty, it's fine too.
+    // if not found, and the DB is non-empty, this is probably
+    // an "old" version 0, which we don't handle. If the DB is
+    // empty it's fine.
     if (VERSION > 0 && m_height > 0)
       compatible = false;
   }
@@ -2769,4 +2777,1034 @@ void BlockchainLMDB::fixup()
   BlockchainDB::fixup();
 }
 
+static int compare_amtidx(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
+{
+  const uint64_t *pa = (const uint64_t *)a->mv_data;
+  const uint64_t *pb = (const uint64_t *)b->mv_data;
+  return (pa[0] < pb[1]) ? -1 : pa[0] > pb[1];
+}
+
+#define RENAME_DB(name) \
+    k.mv_data = (void *)name; \
+    k.mv_size = sizeof(name)-1; \
+    result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, 1, &c_cur); \
+    if (result) \
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for " name ": ", result).c_str())); \
+    result = mdb_cursor_get(c_cur, &k, NULL, MDB_SET_KEY); \
+    if (result) \
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get DB record for " name ": ", result).c_str())); \
+    ptr = (char *)k.mv_data; \
+    ptr[sizeof(name)-2] = 's'
+
+#define LOGIF(y)    if (y <= epee::log_space::log_singletone::get_log_detalisation_level())
+
+void BlockchainLMDB::migrate_0_1()
+{
+  LOG_PRINT_L3("BlockchainLMDB::" << __func__);
+  uint64_t i, z;
+  int result;
+  mdb_txn_safe txn(false);
+  MDB_val k, v;
+  char *ptr;
+
+  LOG_PRINT_YELLOW("Migrating blockchain from DB version 0 to 1 - this may take a while:", LOG_LEVEL_0);
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("updating blocks, hf_versions, outputs, txs, and spent_keys tables...");
+
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Total number of blocks: " << m_height);
+  LOG_PRINT_L1("block migration will update block_heights, block_info, and hf_versions...");
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating block_heights:");
+    MDB_dbi o_heights;
+
+    unsigned int flags;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_flags(txn, m_block_heights, &flags);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to retrieve block_heights flags: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* if the flags are what we expect, this table has already been migrated */
+    if ((flags & (MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED)) == (MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  block_heights already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* the block_heights table name is the same but the old version and new version
+     * have incompatible DB flags. Create a new table with the right flags. We want
+     * the name to be similar to the old name so that it will occupy the same location
+     * in the DB.
+     */
+    o_heights = m_block_heights;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_heightr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_block_heights, "Failed to open db handle for block_heightr");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_block_heights, compare_hash32);
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_old, *c_cur;
+    blk_height bh;
+    MDB_val_set(nv, bh);
+
+    /* old table was k(hash), v(height).
+     * new table is DUPFIXED, k(zeroval), v{hash, height}.
+     */
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_height;
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 2000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_block_heights, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_heightr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_heights, &c_old);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_block_heights, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_old, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      }
+      else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+      bh.bh_hash = *(crypto::hash *)k.mv_data;
+      bh.bh_height = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &nv, MDB_APPENDDUP);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into block_heightr: ", result).c_str()));
+      /* we delete the old records immediately, so the overall DB and mapsize should not grow.
+       * This is a little slower than just letting mdb_drop() delete it all at the end, but
+       * it saves a significant amount of disk space.
+       */
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_old, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* Delete the old table */
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_heights, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete old block_heights table: ", result).c_str()));
+
+    RENAME_DB("block_heightr");
+
+    /* close and reopen to get old dbi slot back */
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_block_heights);
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_heights", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_block_heights, "Failed to open db handle for block_heights");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_block_heights, compare_hash32);
+    txn.commit();
+
+  } while(0);
+
+  /* old tables are k(height), v(value).
+   * new table is DUPFIXED, k(zeroval), v{height, values...}.
+   */
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating block info:");
+
+    MDB_dbi coins;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_open(txn, "block_coins", 0, &coins);
+    if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  block_info already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+    MDB_dbi diffs, hashes, sizes, timestamps;
+    mdb_block_info bi;
+    MDB_val_set(nv, bi);
+
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_diffs", 0, diffs, "Failed to open db handle for block_diffs");
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_hashes", 0, hashes, "Failed to open db handle for block_hashes");
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_sizes", 0, sizes, "Failed to open db handle for block_sizes");
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "block_timestamps", 0, timestamps, "Failed to open db handle for block_timestamps");
+    MDB_cursor *c_cur, *c_coins, *c_diffs, *c_hashes, *c_sizes, *c_timestamps;
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_height;
+    while(1) {
+      MDB_val k, v;
+      if (!(i % 2000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_block_info, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_info: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, coins, &c_coins);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_coins: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, diffs, &c_diffs);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_diffs: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, hashes, &c_hashes);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_hashes: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, sizes, &c_sizes);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_coins: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, timestamps, &c_timestamps);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for block_timestamps: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_block_info, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_coins, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        break;
+      } else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_coins: ", result).c_str()));
+      bi.bi_height = *(uint64_t *)k.mv_data;
+      bi.bi_coins = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_diffs, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_diffs: ", result).c_str()));
+      bi.bi_diff = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_hashes, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_hashes: ", result).c_str()));
+      bi.bi_hash = *(crypto::hash *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_sizes, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_sizes: ", result).c_str()));
+      if (v.mv_size == sizeof(uint32_t))
+        bi.bi_size = *(uint32_t *)v.mv_data;
+      else
+        bi.bi_size = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;  // this is a 32/64 compat bug in version 0
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_timestamps, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from block_timestamps: ", result).c_str()));
+      bi.bi_timestamp = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &nv, MDB_APPENDDUP);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into block_info: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_coins, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_coins: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_diffs, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_diffs: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_hashes, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_hashes: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_sizes, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_sizes: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_timestamps, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from block_timestamps: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+    mdb_cursor_close(c_timestamps);
+    mdb_cursor_close(c_sizes);
+    mdb_cursor_close(c_hashes);
+    mdb_cursor_close(c_diffs);
+    mdb_cursor_close(c_coins);
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, timestamps, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete block_timestamps from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, sizes, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete block_sizes from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, hashes, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete block_hashes from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, diffs, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete block_diffs from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, coins, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete block_coins from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating hf_versions:");
+    MDB_dbi o_hfv;
+
+    unsigned int flags;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_flags(txn, m_hf_versions, &flags);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to retrieve hf_versions flags: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* if the flags are what we expect, this table has already been migrated */
+    if (flags & MDB_INTEGERKEY) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  hf_versions already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* the hf_versions table name is the same but the old version and new version
+     * have incompatible DB flags. Create a new table with the right flags.
+     */
+    o_hfv = m_hf_versions;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "hf_versionr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE, m_hf_versions, "Failed to open db handle for hf_versionr");
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_old, *c_cur;
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_height;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 2000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_hf_versions, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for spent_keyr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_hfv, &c_old);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for spent_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_hf_versions, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_old, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      }
+      else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from hf_versions: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, &k, &v, MDB_APPEND);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into hf_versionr: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_old, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from hf_versions: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* Delete the old table */
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_hfv, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete old hf_versions table: ", result).c_str()));
+    RENAME_DB("hf_versionr");
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_hf_versions);
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "hf_versions", MDB_INTEGERKEY, m_hf_versions, "Failed to open db handle for hf_versions");
+
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Total number of outputs: " << m_num_outputs);
+  LOG_PRINT_L1("outputs migration will update output_amounts and output_txs...");
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating output_amounts:");
+
+    MDB_dbi keys;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_open(txn, "output_keys", 0, &keys);
+    if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  output_amounts already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+    MDB_dbi o_amts;
+    outkey ok;
+    MDB_val_set(nv, ok);
+
+    /* the output_amounts table name is the same but the old version and new version
+     * have incompatible DB flags. Create a new table with the right flags.
+     */
+    o_amts = m_output_amounts;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "output_amountr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_output_amounts, "Failed to open db handle for output_amountr");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_amounts, compare_uint64);
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_oamts, *c_keys, *c_cur;
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_num_outputs;
+    uint64_t j;
+    mdb_size_t num_elems;
+    MDB_val v2;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 1000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_output_amounts, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_amountr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_amts, &c_oamts);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, keys, &c_keys);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_output_amounts, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_oamts, &k, &v, MDB_FIRST);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      } else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_count(c_oamts, &num_elems);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get number of outputs for amount: ", result).c_str()));
+      for (j=0; j<num_elems; j++,i++) {
+        if (!(i % 1000)) {
+          uint64_t amt = *(uint64_t *)k.mv_data;
+          uint64_t oid = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+          result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_output_amounts, &c_cur);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_amountr: ", result).c_str()));
+          result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_amts, &c_oamts);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+          result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, keys, &c_keys);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+          k.mv_data = (void *)&amt;
+          v.mv_data = (void *)&oid;
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_oamts, &k, &v, MDB_GET_BOTH);
+          /* should never fail since we already had this record before the commit */
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_get(c_keys, &v, &v2, MDB_SET);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get output_key for amount: ", result).c_str()));
+        ok.amount_index = j;
+        ok.output_id = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+        ok.data = *(output_data_t *)v2.mv_data;
+        result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, &k, &nv, MDB_APPENDDUP);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into output_amountr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_del(c_keys, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from output_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_get(c_oamts, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
+        if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND)
+          break;
+        else if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_oamts, MDB_NODUPDATA);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+    }
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, keys, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete output_keys from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_amts, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete output_amounts from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+
+    RENAME_DB("output_amountr");
+
+    /* close and reopen to get old dbi slot back */
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_output_amounts);
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "output_amounts", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_output_amounts, "Failed to open db handle for output_amounts");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_amounts, compare_uint64);
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating output_txs:");
+
+    MDB_dbi indices;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_open(txn, "output_indices", 0, &indices);
+    if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  output_txs already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+    MDB_dbi o_otxs;
+    outtx ot;
+    MDB_val_set(nv, ot);
+
+    /* the output_txs table name is the same but the old version and new version
+     * have incompatible DB flags. Create a new table with the right flags.
+     */
+    o_otxs = m_output_txs;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "output_txr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_output_txs, "Failed to open db handle for output_txr");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_txs, compare_uint64);
+
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_otxs, *c_oixs, *c_cur;
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_num_outputs;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 2000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_output_txs, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_txr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_otxs, &c_otxs);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_txs: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, indices, &c_oixs);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_output_txs, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_otxs, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      } else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_txs: ", result).c_str()));
+      ot.output_id = *(uint64_t *)k.mv_data;
+      ot.tx_hash = *(crypto::hash *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_oixs, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+      ot.local_index = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &nv, MDB_APPENDDUP);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into output_txr: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_otxs, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from output_txs: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_oixs, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from output_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, indices, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete output_indices from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_otxs, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete output_txs from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+
+    RENAME_DB("output_txr");
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_output_txs);
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "output_txs", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_output_txs, "Failed to open db handle for output_txs");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_txs, compare_uint64);
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  LOG_PRINT_L0("Total number of txs: " << m_num_txs);
+  LOG_PRINT_L1("txs migration will update tx_indices, tx_outputs, and txs...");
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating tx_indices:");
+
+    /* The existing indices lack information that version 1 needs, so we just regenerate it
+     * all from the original Blocks.
+     */
+    MDB_dbi o_tx_unlocks;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_open(txn, "tx_unlocks", 0, &o_tx_unlocks);
+    if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  tx_indices already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+    MDB_dbi o_tx_heights;
+    MDB_cursor *c_cur, *c_blocks, *c_props;
+    MDB_cursor *c_tx_unlocks, *c_tx_heights;
+
+
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "tx_heights", 0, o_tx_heights, "Failed to open db handle for tx_heights");
+
+    txindex ti;
+    MDB_val_set(iv, ti);
+    unsigned int j;
+    blobdata bd;
+    block b;
+    uint64_t num_txs = m_num_txs;
+
+    i = 0;
+    ti.data.block_id = 0;
+    z = m_num_txs;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(ti.data.block_id % 1000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          MDB_val_set(pk, "txblk");
+          MDB_val_set(pv, ti.data.block_id);
+          result = mdb_cursor_put(c_props, &pk, &pv, 0);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to update txblk property: ", result).c_str()));
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_tx_indices, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_properties, &c_props);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for properties: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_tx_unlocks, &c_tx_unlocks);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_unlocks: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_tx_heights, &c_tx_heights);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_blocks, &c_blocks);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for blocks: ", result).c_str()));
+
+        /* we don't care about the unlocks/heights content or cursor position.
+         * we just delete 1 record from each whenever we add a record.
+         */
+        mdb_cursor_get(c_tx_unlocks, &k, &v, MDB_FIRST);
+        mdb_cursor_get(c_tx_heights, &k, &v, MDB_FIRST);
+
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_tx_indices, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+          if (i) {
+            /* remember the ID of the last block we migrated */
+            MDB_val_set(pk, "txblk");
+            result = mdb_cursor_get(c_props, &pk, &v, MDB_SET);
+            if (result)
+              throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+            ti.data.block_id = *(uint64_t *)v.mv_data;
+          }
+          num_txs = i;
+        }
+        if (i) {
+          k.mv_data = (void *)&ti.data.block_id;
+          k.mv_size = sizeof(ti.data.block_id);
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_blocks, &k, &v, MDB_SET);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from blocks: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_blocks, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        MDB_val_set(pk, "txblk");
+        mdb_cursor_get(c_props, &pk, &v, MDB_SET);
+        mdb_cursor_del(c_props, 0);
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      } else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from blocks: ", result).c_str()));
+      bd.assign(reinterpret_cast<char*>(v.mv_data), v.mv_size);
+      if (!parse_and_validate_block_from_blob(bd, b))
+        throw0(DB_ERROR("Failed to parse block from blob retrieved from the db"));
+
+      ti.key = get_transaction_hash(b.miner_tx);
+      ti.data.tx_id = num_txs++;
+      ti.data.block_id = *(uint64_t *)k.mv_data;
+      ti.data.unlock_time = b.miner_tx.unlock_time;
+      i++;
+
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &iv, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_tx_unlocks, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from tx_unlocks: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_tx_heights, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from tx_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+
+      for (j=0; j<b.tx_hashes.size(); j++) {
+        ti.key = b.tx_hashes[j];
+        ti.data.tx_id  = num_txs++;
+        result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &iv, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_del(c_tx_unlocks, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from tx_unlocks: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_del(c_tx_heights, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from tx_heights: ", result).c_str()));
+        i++;
+      }
+    }
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_tx_unlocks, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete tx_unlocks from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_tx_heights, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete tx_heights from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    txn.commit();
+    m_num_txs = num_txs;
+  } while(0);
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating txs and tx_outputs:");
+
+    unsigned int flags;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_flags(txn, m_txs, &flags);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to retrieve txs flags: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* if the flags are what we expect, this table has already been migrated */
+    if (flags & MDB_INTEGERKEY) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  txs already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    MDB_dbi o_txs, o_tx_outputs;
+    txindex *txp;
+    MDB_val ik, iv;
+
+    o_txs = m_txs;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "txr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE, m_txs, "Failed to open db handle for txr");
+    o_tx_outputs = m_tx_outputs;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "tx_outputr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE, m_tx_outputs, "Failed to open db handle for tx_outputr");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, o_tx_outputs, compare_uint64);
+
+    /* a hack to let us find amount index from global index */
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_amounts, compare_amtidx);
+
+    {
+      MDB_stat ms;
+      mdb_stat(txn, m_tx_indices, &ms);
+      m_num_txs = ms.ms_entries;
+    }
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_cur, *c_curtxo, *c_txi;
+    MDB_cursor *c_txs, *c_tx_outputs;
+    MDB_cursor *c_oamts;
+    i = 0;
+    z = m_num_txs;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 1000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_txs, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for txr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_txs, &c_txs);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for txs: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_tx_outputs, &c_tx_outputs);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_outputs: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_tx_outputs, &c_curtxo);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_outputr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_tx_indices, &c_txi);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_output_amounts, &c_oamts);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i) {
+          MDB_stat ms;
+          mdb_stat(txn, m_txs, &ms);
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+        }
+        if (i) {
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_txs, &k, &v, MDB_FIRST);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from txs: ", result).c_str()));
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_txi, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &k, MDB_GET_BOTH);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_txi, &k, &v, MDB_PREV);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+      }
+      /* The new tx_indices and the old txs tables are both sorted using
+       * compare_hash32 so we can walk thru them sequentially and they will
+       * stay in lock step with each other. Unfortunately, even though the
+       * old tx_outputs was keyed with the tx hash, it wasn't set to use
+       * the compare_hash32 function, so its records are in some other random
+       * hash order. This costs us the majority of CPU time when walking
+       * thru that table. Iterating with MDB_NEXT is cheap/free, but searching
+       * through a multi-million record table with 32byte keys is quite costly.
+       */
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_txi, &k, &v, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      } else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_indices: ", result).c_str()));
+      txp = (txindex *)v.mv_data;
+      k.mv_data = (void *)&txp->key;
+      k.mv_size = sizeof(txp->key);
+      ik.mv_data = (void *)&txp->data.tx_id;
+      ik.mv_size = sizeof(txp->data.tx_id);
+
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_txs, &k, &v, MDB_FIRST);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from txs: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, &ik, &v, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into txr: ", result).c_str()));
+
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_tx_outputs, &k, &iv, MDB_SET);
+      if (!result) {
+        blobdata bd;
+        bd.assign(reinterpret_cast<char*>(v.mv_data), v.mv_size);
+
+        transaction tx;
+        if (!parse_and_validate_tx_from_blob(bd, tx))
+          throw0(DB_ERROR("Failed to parse tx from blob retrieved from the db"));
+
+        /* turn global output indices into amount output indices */
+        std::vector<uint64_t> indices;
+        int j;
+        for (j=0;;j++) {
+          MDB_val_set(vk, tx.vout[j].amount);
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_oamts, &vk, &iv, MDB_GET_BOTH);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from output_amounts: ", result).c_str()));
+
+          outkey *ok = (outkey *)v.mv_data;
+          indices.push_back(ok->amount_index);
+          result = mdb_cursor_get(c_tx_outputs, &k, &iv, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
+          if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND)
+            break;
+          else if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_outputs: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        v.mv_data = (void *)indices.data();
+        v.mv_size = sizeof(uint64_t) * indices.size();
+        result = mdb_cursor_put(c_curtxo, &ik, &v, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into tx_outputr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_del(c_tx_outputs, MDB_NODUPDATA);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from tx_outputs: ", result).c_str()));
+      } else if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        /* get_tx_amount_output_indices expects a record here, even if it's empty */
+        v.mv_size = 0;
+        v.mv_data = NULL;
+        result = mdb_cursor_put(c_curtxo, &ik, &v, 0);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into tx_outputr: ", result).c_str()));
+      } else
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from tx_outputs: ", result).c_str()));
+
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_txs, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from txs: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_txs, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete txs from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_tx_outputs, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete tx_outputs from the db: ", result).c_str()));
+
+    RENAME_DB("txr");
+    RENAME_DB("tx_outputr");
+
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_txs);
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_tx_outputs);
+
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "txs", MDB_INTEGERKEY, m_txs, "Failed to open db handle for txs");
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "tx_outputs", MDB_INTEGERKEY, m_tx_outputs, "Failed to open db handle for tx_outputs");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_output_amounts, compare_uint64);
+
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  do {
+    LOG_PRINT_L1("migrating spent_keys:");
+    MDB_dbi o_keys;
+
+    unsigned int flags;
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    result = mdb_dbi_flags(txn, m_spent_keys, &flags);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to retrieve spent_keys flags: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* if the flags are what we expect, this table has already been migrated */
+    if ((flags & (MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED)) == (MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
+      txn.abort();
+      LOG_PRINT_L1("  spent_keys already migrated");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* the spent_keys table name is the same but the old version and new version
+     * have incompatible DB flags. Create a new table with the right flags.
+     */
+    o_keys = m_spent_keys;
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "spent_keyr", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_CREATE | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_spent_keys, "Failed to open db handle for spent_keyr");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_spent_keys, compare_hash32);
+
+    MDB_cursor *c_old, *c_cur;
+    i = 0;
+    MDB_stat ms;
+    mdb_stat(txn, o_keys, &ms);
+    z = ms.ms_entries;
+    mdb_stat(txn, m_spent_keys, &ms);
+    z += ms.ms_entries;
+
+    while(1) {
+      if (!(i % 2000)) {
+        if (i) {
+          LOGIF(1) {
+            std::cout << i << " / " << z << "  \r" << std::flush;
+          }
+          txn.commit();
+          result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+          if (result)
+            throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+        }
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, m_spent_keys, &c_cur);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for spent_keyr: ", result).c_str()));
+        result = mdb_cursor_open(txn, o_keys, &c_old);
+        if (result)
+          throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to open a cursor for spent_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+        if (!i)
+          i = ms.ms_entries;
+      }
+      result = mdb_cursor_get(c_old, &k, NULL, MDB_NEXT);
+      if (result == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
+        txn.commit();
+        break;
+      }
+      else if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to get a record from spent_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_put(c_cur, (MDB_val *)&zerokval, &k, MDB_APPENDDUP);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to put a record into spent_keyr: ", result).c_str()));
+      result = mdb_cursor_del(c_old, 0);
+      if (result)
+        throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete a record from spent_keys: ", result).c_str()));
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+    /* Delete the old table */
+    result = mdb_drop(txn, o_keys, 1);
+    if (result)
+      throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to delete old spent_keys table: ", result).c_str()));
+    RENAME_DB("spent_keyr");
+    mdb_dbi_close(m_env, m_spent_keys);
+    lmdb_db_open(txn, "spent_keys", MDB_INTEGERKEY | MDB_DUPSORT | MDB_DUPFIXED, m_spent_keys, "Failed to open db handle for spent_keys");
+    mdb_set_dupsort(txn, m_spent_keys, compare_hash32);
+
+    txn.commit();
+  } while(0);
+
+  uint32_t version = 1;
+  v.mv_data = (void *)&version;
+  v.mv_size = sizeof(version);
+  MDB_val_copy<const char *> vk("version");
+  result = mdb_txn_begin(m_env, NULL, 0, txn);
+  if (result)
+    throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to create a transaction for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+  result = mdb_put(txn, m_properties, &vk, &v, 0);
+  if (result)
+    throw0(DB_ERROR(lmdb_error("Failed to update version for the db: ", result).c_str()));
+  txn.commit();
+}
+
+void BlockchainLMDB::migrate(const uint32_t oldversion)
+{
+  switch(oldversion) {
+  case 0:
+    migrate_0_1(); /* FALLTHRU */
+  default:
+    ;
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace cryptonote
diff --git a/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.h b/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.h
index 8021a652c..c7121bf63 100644
--- a/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.h
+++ b/src/blockchain_db/lmdb/db_lmdb.h
@@ -339,6 +339,12 @@ private:
   // fix up anything that may be wrong due to past bugs
   virtual void fixup();
 
+  // migrate from older DB version to current
+  void migrate(const uint32_t oldversion);
+
+  // migrate from DB version 0 to 1
+  void migrate_0_1();
+
   MDB_env* m_env;
 
   MDB_dbi m_blocks;