Added ref10 shen_ed25519_ref code, which includes code that can replace crypto-ops with a version straight from Bernstein's ref 10

author: ShenNoether <Shen.Noether@gmx.com> 2015-08-23 14:48:50 -0600
committer: ShenNoether <Shen.Noether@gmx.com> 2015-08-23 14:48:50 -0600
commit: 0a4bc84b2f681dfd89b501648f65a951d876e2d8 (patch)
tree: 9f37622b56f26724b4c057dd28f4c9a0ee7ecd74 /src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref
parent: revert to 776b4fc91a821be152f0f23e6873aabb78a72029 (diff)
download: monero-0a4bc84b2f681dfd89b501648f65a951d876e2d8.tar.xz
174 files changed, 23117 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/Makefile b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/Makefile
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69b0d3ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+CC=gcc
+CFLAGS=-O2 -Wall
+
+OBJS= fe25519.o ge25519.o sc25519.o sha512-blocks.o sha512-hash.o ed25519.o randombytes.o verify.o
+test: test.o $(OBJS)
+	gcc -o $@ $^
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o test
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/api.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/api.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60339596d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define CRYPTO_BYTES 32
+#define CRYPTO_SCALARBYTES 32
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-data.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-data.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c26abacca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-data.c
@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+// 
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "crypto-ops.h"
+
+/* sqrt(x) is such an integer y that 0 <= y <= p - 1, y % 2 = 0, and y^2 = x (mod p). */
+/* d = -121665 / 121666 */
+const fe fe_d = {-10913610, 13857413, -15372611, 6949391, 114729, -8787816, -6275908, -3247719, -18696448, -12055116}; /* d */
+const fe fe_sqrtm1 = {-32595792, -7943725, 9377950, 3500415, 12389472, -272473, -25146209, -2005654, 326686, 11406482}; /* sqrt(-1) */
+const fe fe_d2 = {-21827239, -5839606, -30745221, 13898782, 229458, 15978800, -12551817, -6495438, 29715968, 9444199}; /* 2 * d */
+
+/* base[i][j] = (j+1)*256^i*B */
+const ge_precomp ge_base[32][8] = {
+  {
+    {{25967493, -14356035, 29566456, 3660896, -12694345, 4014787, 27544626, -11754271, -6079156, 2047605},
+     {-12545711, 934262, -2722910, 3049990, -727428, 9406986, 12720692, 5043384, 19500929, -15469378},
+     {-8738181, 4489570, 9688441, -14785194, 10184609, -12363380, 29287919, 11864899, -24514362, -4438546}},
+    {{-12815894, -12976347, -21581243, 11784320, -25355658, -2750717, -11717903, -3814571, -358445, -10211303},
+     {-21703237, 6903825, 27185491, 6451973, -29577724, -9554005, -15616551, 11189268, -26829678, -5319081},
+     {26966642, 11152617, 32442495, 15396054, 14353839, -12752335, -3128826, -9541118, -15472047, -4166697}},
+    {{15636291, -9688557, 24204773, -7912398, 616977, -16685262, 27787600, -14772189, 28944400, -1550024},
+     {16568933, 4717097, -11556148, -1102322, 15682896, -11807043, 16354577, -11775962, 7689662, 11199574},
+     {30464156, -5976125, -11779434, -15670865, 23220365, 15915852, 7512774, 10017326, -17749093, -9920357}},
+    {{-17036878, 13921892, 10945806, -6033431, 27105052, -16084379, -28926210, 15006023, 3284568, -6276540},
+     {23599295, -8306047, -11193664, -7687416, 13236774, 10506355, 7464579, 9656445, 13059162, 10374397},
+     {7798556, 16710257, 3033922, 2874086, 28997861, 2835604, 32406664, -3839045, -641708, -101325}},
+    {{10861363, 11473154, 27284546, 1981175, -30064349, 12577861, 32867885, 14515107, -15438304, 10819380},
+     {4708026, 6336745, 20377586, 9066809, -11272109, 6594696, -25653668, 12483688, -12668491, 5581306},
+     {19563160, 16186464, -29386857, 4097519, 10237984, -4348115, 28542350, 13850243, -23678021, -15815942}},
+    {{-15371964, -12862754, 32573250, 4720197, -26436522, 5875511, -19188627, -15224819, -9818940, -12085777},
+     {-8549212, 109983, 15149363, 2178705, 22900618, 4543417, 3044240, -15689887, 1762328, 14866737},
+     {-18199695, -15951423, -10473290, 1707278, -17185920, 3916101, -28236412, 3959421, 27914454, 4383652}},
+    {{5153746, 9909285, 1723747, -2777874, 30523605, 5516873, 19480852, 5230134, -23952439, -15175766},
+     {-30269007, -3463509, 7665486, 10083793, 28475525, 1649722, 20654025, 16520125, 30598449, 7715701},
+     {28881845, 14381568, 9657904, 3680757, -20181635, 7843316, -31400660, 1370708, 29794553, -1409300}},
+    {{14499471, -2729599, -33191113, -4254652, 28494862, 14271267, 30290735, 10876454, -33154098, 2381726},
+     {-7195431, -2655363, -14730155, 462251, -27724326, 3941372, -6236617, 3696005, -32300832, 15351955},
+     {27431194, 8222322, 16448760, -3907995, -18707002, 11938355, -32961401, -2970515, 29551813, 10109425}}
+  }, {
+    {{-13657040, -13155431, -31283750, 11777098, 21447386, 6519384, -2378284, -1627556, 10092783, -4764171},
+     {27939166, 14210322, 4677035, 16277044, -22964462, -12398139, -32508754, 12005538, -17810127, 12803510},
+     {17228999, -15661624, -1233527, 300140, -1224870, -11714777, 30364213, -9038194, 18016357, 4397660}},
+    {{-10958843, -7690207, 4776341, -14954238, 27850028, -15602212, -26619106, 14544525, -17477504, 982639},
+     {29253598, 15796703, -2863982, -9908884, 10057023, 3163536, 7332899, -4120128, -21047696, 9934963},
+     {5793303, 16271923, -24131614, -10116404, 29188560, 1206517, -14747930, 4559895, -30123922, -10897950}},
+    {{-27643952, -11493006, 16282657, -11036493, 28414021, -15012264, 24191034, 4541697, -13338309, 5500568},
+     {12650548, -1497113, 9052871, 11355358, -17680037, -8400164, -17430592, 12264343, 10874051, 13524335},
+     {25556948, -3045990, 714651, 2510400, 23394682, -10415330, 33119038, 5080568, -22528059, 5376628}},
+    {{-26088264, -4011052, -17013699, -3537628, -6726793, 1920897, -22321305, -9447443, 4535768, 1569007},
+     {-2255422, 14606630, -21692440, -8039818, 28430649, 8775819, -30494562, 3044290, 31848280, 12543772},
+     {-22028579, 2943893, -31857513, 6777306, 13784462, -4292203, -27377195, -2062731, 7718482, 14474653}},
+    {{2385315, 2454213, -22631320, 46603, -4437935, -15680415, 656965, -7236665, 24316168, -5253567},
+     {13741529, 10911568, -33233417, -8603737, -20177830, -1033297, 33040651, -13424532, -20729456, 8321686},
+     {21060490, -2212744, 15712757, -4336099, 1639040, 10656336, 23845965, -11874838, -9984458, 608372}},
+    {{-13672732, -15087586, -10889693, -7557059, -6036909, 11305547, 1123968, -6780577, 27229399, 23887},
+     {-23244140, -294205, -11744728, 14712571, -29465699, -2029617, 12797024, -6440308, -1633405, 16678954},
+     {-29500620, 4770662, -16054387, 14001338, 7830047, 9564805, -1508144, -4795045, -17169265, 4904953}},
+    {{24059557, 14617003, 19037157, -15039908, 19766093, -14906429, 5169211, 16191880, 2128236, -4326833},
+     {-16981152, 4124966, -8540610, -10653797, 30336522, -14105247, -29806336, 916033, -6882542, -2986532},
+     {-22630907, 12419372, -7134229, -7473371, -16478904, 16739175, 285431, 2763829, 15736322, 4143876}},
+    {{2379352, 11839345, -4110402, -5988665, 11274298, 794957, 212801, -14594663, 23527084, -16458268},
+     {33431127, -11130478, -17838966, -15626900, 8909499, 8376530, -32625340, 4087881, -15188911, -14416214},
+     {1767683, 7197987, -13205226, -2022635, -13091350, 448826, 5799055, 4357868, -4774191, -16323038}}
+  }, {
+    {{6721966, 13833823, -23523388, -1551314, 26354293, -11863321, 23365147, -3949732, 7390890, 2759800},
+     {4409041, 2052381, 23373853, 10530217, 7676779, -12885954, 21302353, -4264057, 1244380, -12919645},
+     {-4421239, 7169619, 4982368, -2957590, 30256825, -2777540, 14086413, 9208236, 15886429, 16489664}},
+    {{1996075, 10375649, 14346367, 13311202, -6874135, -16438411, -13693198, 398369, -30606455, -712933},
+     {-25307465, 9795880, -2777414, 14878809, -33531835, 14780363, 13348553, 12076947, -30836462, 5113182},
+     {-17770784, 11797796, 31950843, 13929123, -25888302, 12288344, -30341101, -7336386, 13847711, 5387222}},
+    {{-18582163, -3416217, 17824843, -2340966, 22744343, -10442611, 8763061, 3617786, -19600662, 10370991},
+     {20246567, -14369378, 22358229, -543712, 18507283, -10413996, 14554437, -8746092, 32232924, 16763880},
+     {9648505, 10094563, 26416693, 14745928, -30374318, -6472621, 11094161, 15689506, 3140038, -16510092}},
+    {{-16160072, 5472695, 31895588, 4744994, 8823515, 10365685, -27224800, 9448613, -28774454, 366295},
+     {19153450, 11523972, -11096490, -6503142, -24647631, 5420647, 28344573, 8041113, 719605, 11671788},
+     {8678025, 2694440, -6808014, 2517372, 4964326, 11152271, -15432916, -15266516, 27000813, -10195553}},
+    {{-15157904, 7134312, 8639287, -2814877, -7235688, 10421742, 564065, 5336097, 6750977, -14521026},
+     {11836410, -3979488, 26297894, 16080799, 23455045, 15735944, 1695823, -8819122, 8169720, 16220347},
+     {-18115838, 8653647, 17578566, -6092619, -8025777, -16012763, -11144307, -2627664, -5990708, -14166033}},
+    {{-23308498, -10968312, 15213228, -10081214, -30853605, -11050004, 27884329, 2847284, 2655861, 1738395},
+     {-27537433, -14253021, -25336301, -8002780, -9370762, 8129821, 21651608, -3239336, -19087449, -11005278},
+     {1533110, 3437855, 23735889, 459276, 29970501, 11335377, 26030092, 5821408, 10478196, 8544890}},
+    {{32173121, -16129311, 24896207, 3921497, 22579056, -3410854, 19270449, 12217473, 17789017, -3395995},
+     {-30552961, -2228401, -15578829, -10147201, 13243889, 517024, 15479401, -3853233, 30460520, 1052596},
+     {-11614875, 13323618, 32618793, 8175907, -15230173, 12596687, 27491595, -4612359, 3179268, -9478891}},
+    {{31947069, -14366651, -4640583, -15339921, -15125977, -6039709, -14756777, -16411740, 19072640, -9511060},
+     {11685058, 11822410, 3158003, -13952594, 33402194, -4165066, 5977896, -5215017, 473099, 5040608},
+     {-20290863, 8198642, -27410132, 11602123, 1290375, -2799760, 28326862, 1721092, -19558642, -3131606}}
+  }, {
+    {{7881532, 10687937, 7578723, 7738378, -18951012, -2553952, 21820786, 8076149, -27868496, 11538389},
+     {-19935666, 3899861, 18283497, -6801568, -15728660, -11249211, 8754525, 7446702, -5676054, 5797016},
+     {-11295600, -3793569, -15782110, -7964573, 12708869, -8456199, 2014099, -9050574, -2369172, -5877341}},
+    {{-22472376, -11568741, -27682020, 1146375, 18956691, 16640559, 1192730, -3714199, 15123619, 10811505},
+     {14352098, -3419715, -18942044, 10822655, 32750596, 4699007, -70363, 15776356, -28886779, -11974553},
+     {-28241164, -8072475, -4978962, -5315317, 29416931, 1847569, -20654173, -16484855, 4714547, -9600655}},
+    {{15200332, 8368572, 19679101, 15970074, -31872674, 1959451, 24611599, -4543832, -11745876, 12340220},
+     {12876937, -10480056, 33134381, 6590940, -6307776, 14872440, 9613953, 8241152, 15370987, 9608631},
+     {-4143277, -12014408, 8446281, -391603, 4407738, 13629032, -7724868, 15866074, -28210621, -8814099}},
+    {{26660628, -15677655, 8393734, 358047, -7401291, 992988, -23904233, 858697, 20571223, 8420556},
+     {14620715, 13067227, -15447274, 8264467, 14106269, 15080814, 33531827, 12516406, -21574435, -12476749},
+     {236881, 10476226, 57258, -14677024, 6472998, 2466984, 17258519, 7256740, 8791136, 15069930}},
+    {{1276410, -9371918, 22949635, -16322807, -23493039, -5702186, 14711875, 4874229, -30663140, -2331391},
+     {5855666, 4990204, -13711848, 7294284, -7804282, 1924647, -1423175, -7912378, -33069337, 9234253},
+     {20590503, -9018988, 31529744, -7352666, -2706834, 10650548, 31559055, -11609587, 18979186, 13396066}},
+    {{24474287, 4968103, 22267082, 4407354, 24063882, -8325180, -18816887, 13594782, 33514650, 7021958},
+     {-11566906, -6565505, -21365085, 15928892, -26158305, 4315421, -25948728, -3916677, -21480480, 12868082},
+     {-28635013, 13504661, 19988037, -2132761, 21078225, 6443208, -21446107, 2244500, -12455797, -8089383}},
+    {{-30595528, 13793479, -5852820, 319136, -25723172, -6263899, 33086546, 8957937, -15233648, 5540521},
+     {-11630176, -11503902, -8119500, -7643073, 2620056, 1022908, -23710744, -1568984, -16128528, -14962807},
+     {23152971, 775386, 27395463, 14006635, -9701118, 4649512, 1689819, 892185, -11513277, -15205948}},
+    {{9770129, 9586738, 26496094, 4324120, 1556511, -3550024, 27453819, 4763127, -19179614, 5867134},
+     {-32765025, 1927590, 31726409, -4753295, 23962434, -16019500, 27846559, 5931263, -29749703, -16108455},
+     {27461885, -2977536, 22380810, 1815854, -23033753, -3031938, 7283490, -15148073, -19526700, 7734629}}
+  }, {
+    {{-8010264, -9590817, -11120403, 6196038, 29344158, -13430885, 7585295, -3176626, 18549497, 15302069},
+     {-32658337, -6171222, -7672793, -11051681, 6258878, 13504381, 10458790, -6418461, -8872242, 8424746},
+     {24687205, 8613276, -30667046, -3233545, 1863892, -1830544, 19206234, 7134917, -11284482, -828919}},
+    {{11334899, -9218022, 8025293, 12707519, 17523892, -10476071, 10243738, -14685461, -5066034, 16498837},
+     {8911542, 6887158, -9584260, -6958590, 11145641, -9543680, 17303925, -14124238, 6536641, 10543906},
+     {-28946384, 15479763, -17466835, 568876, -1497683, 11223454, -2669190, -16625574, -27235709, 8876771}},
+    {{-25742899, -12566864, -15649966, -846607, -33026686, -796288, -33481822, 15824474, -604426, -9039817},
+     {10330056, 70051, 7957388, -9002667, 9764902, 15609756, 27698697, -4890037, 1657394, 3084098},
+     {10477963, -7470260, 12119566, -13250805, 29016247, -5365589, 31280319, 14396151, -30233575, 15272409}},
+    {{-12288309, 3169463, 28813183, 16658753, 25116432, -5630466, -25173957, -12636138, -25014757, 1950504},
+     {-26180358, 9489187, 11053416, -14746161, -31053720, 5825630, -8384306, -8767532, 15341279, 8373727},
+     {28685821, 7759505, -14378516, -12002860, -31971820, 4079242, 298136, -10232602, -2878207, 15190420}},
+    {{-32932876, 13806336, -14337485, -15794431, -24004620, 10940928, 8669718, 2742393, -26033313, -6875003},
+     {-1580388, -11729417, -25979658, -11445023, -17411874, -10912854, 9291594, -16247779, -12154742, 6048605},
+     {-30305315, 14843444, 1539301, 11864366, 20201677, 1900163, 13934231, 5128323, 11213262, 9168384}},
+    {{-26280513, 11007847, 19408960, -940758, -18592965, -4328580, -5088060, -11105150, 20470157, -16398701},
+     {-23136053, 9282192, 14855179, -15390078, -7362815, -14408560, -22783952, 14461608, 14042978, 5230683},
+     {29969567, -2741594, -16711867, -8552442, 9175486, -2468974, 21556951, 3506042, -5933891, -12449708}},
+    {{-3144746, 8744661, 19704003, 4581278, -20430686, 6830683, -21284170, 8971513, -28539189, 15326563},
+     {-19464629, 10110288, -17262528, -3503892, -23500387, 1355669, -15523050, 15300988, -20514118, 9168260},
+     {-5353335, 4488613, -23803248, 16314347, 7780487, -15638939, -28948358, 9601605, 33087103, -9011387}},
+    {{-19443170, -15512900, -20797467, -12445323, -29824447, 10229461, -27444329, -15000531, -5996870, 15664672},
+     {23294591, -16632613, -22650781, -8470978, 27844204, 11461195, 13099750, -2460356, 18151676, 13417686},
+     {-24722913, -4176517, -31150679, 5988919, -26858785, 6685065, 1661597, -12551441, 15271676, -15452665}}
+  }, {
+    {{11433042, -13228665, 8239631, -5279517, -1985436, -725718, -18698764, 2167544, -6921301, -13440182},
+     {-31436171, 15575146, 30436815, 12192228, -22463353, 9395379, -9917708, -8638997, 12215110, 12028277},
+     {14098400, 6555944, 23007258, 5757252, -15427832, -12950502, 30123440, 4617780, -16900089, -655628}},
+    {{-4026201, -15240835, 11893168, 13718664, -14809462, 1847385, -15819999, 10154009, 23973261, -12684474},
+     {-26531820, -3695990, -1908898, 2534301, -31870557, -16550355, 18341390, -11419951, 32013174, -10103539},
+     {-25479301, 10876443, -11771086, -14625140, -12369567, 1838104, 21911214, 6354752, 4425632, -837822}},
+    {{-10433389, -14612966, 22229858, -3091047, -13191166, 776729, -17415375, -12020462, 4725005, 14044970},
+     {19268650, -7304421, 1555349, 8692754, -21474059, -9910664, 6347390, -1411784, -19522291, -16109756},
+     {-24864089, 12986008, -10898878, -5558584, -11312371, -148526, 19541418, 8180106, 9282262, 10282508}},
+    {{-26205082, 4428547, -8661196, -13194263, 4098402, -14165257, 15522535, 8372215, 5542595, -10702683},
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+    {{-25493081, -6962928, 32500200, -9419051, -23038724, -2302222, 14898637, 3848455, 20969334, -5157516},
+     {-20384450, -14347713, -18336405, 13884722, -33039454, 2842114, -21610826, -3649888, 11177095, 14989547},
+     {-24496721, -11716016, 16959896, 2278463, 12066309, 10137771, 13515641, 2581286, -28487508, 9930240}},
+    {{-17751622, -2097826, 16544300, -13009300, -15914807, -14949081, 18345767, -13403753, 16291481, -5314038},
+     {-33229194, 2553288, 32678213, 9875984, 8534129, 6889387, -9676774, 6957617, 4368891, 9788741},
+     {16660756, 7281060, -10830758, 12911820, 20108584, -8101676, -21722536, -8613148, 16250552, -11111103}},
+    {{-19765507, 2390526, -16551031, 14161980, 1905286, 6414907, 4689584, 10604807, -30190403, 4782747},
+     {-1354539, 14736941, -7367442, -13292886, 7710542, -14155590, -9981571, 4383045, 22546403, 437323},
+     {31665577, -12180464, -16186830, 1491339, -18368625, 3294682, 27343084, 2786261, -30633590, -14097016}},
+    {{-14467279, -683715, -33374107, 7448552, 19294360, 14334329, -19690631, 2355319, -19284671, -6114373},
+     {15121312, -15796162, 6377020, -6031361, -10798111, -12957845, 18952177, 15496498, -29380133, 11754228},
+     {-2637277, -13483075, 8488727, -14303896, 12728761, -1622493, 7141596, 11724556, 22761615, -10134141}},
+    {{16918416, 11729663, -18083579, 3022987, -31015732, -13339659, -28741185, -12227393, 32851222, 11717399},
+     {11166634, 7338049, -6722523, 4531520, -29468672, -7302055, 31474879, 3483633, -1193175, -4030831},
+     {-185635, 9921305, 31456609, -13536438, -12013818, 13348923, 33142652, 6546660, -19985279, -3948376}},
+    {{-32460596, 11266712, -11197107, -7899103, 31703694, 3855903, -8537131, -12833048, -30772034, -15486313},
+     {-18006477, 12709068, 3991746, -6479188, -21491523, -10550425, -31135347, -16049879, 10928917, 3011958},
+     {-6957757, -15594337, 31696059, 334240, 29576716, 14796075, -30831056, -12805180, 18008031, 10258577}},
+    {{-22448644, 15655569, 7018479, -4410003, -30314266, -1201591, -1853465, 1367120, 25127874, 6671743},
+     {29701166, -14373934, -10878120, 9279288, -17568, 13127210, 21382910, 11042292, 25838796, 4642684},
+     {-20430234, 14955537, -24126347, 8124619, -5369288, -5990470, 30468147, -13900640, 18423289, 4177476}}
+  }
+};
+
+const ge_precomp ge_Bi[8] = {
+  {{25967493, -14356035, 29566456, 3660896, -12694345, 4014787, 27544626, -11754271, -6079156, 2047605},
+   {-12545711, 934262, -2722910, 3049990, -727428, 9406986, 12720692, 5043384, 19500929, -15469378},
+   {-8738181, 4489570, 9688441, -14785194, 10184609, -12363380, 29287919, 11864899, -24514362, -4438546}}, {{15636291, -9688557, 24204773, -7912398, 616977, -16685262, 27787600, -14772189, 28944400, -1550024},
+   {16568933, 4717097, -11556148, -1102322, 15682896, -11807043, 16354577, -11775962, 7689662, 11199574},
+   {30464156, -5976125, -11779434, -15670865, 23220365, 15915852, 7512774, 10017326, -17749093, -9920357}}, {{10861363, 11473154, 27284546, 1981175, -30064349, 12577861, 32867885, 14515107, -15438304, 10819380},
+   {4708026, 6336745, 20377586, 9066809, -11272109, 6594696, -25653668, 12483688, -12668491, 5581306},
+   {19563160, 16186464, -29386857, 4097519, 10237984, -4348115, 28542350, 13850243, -23678021, -15815942}}, {{5153746, 9909285, 1723747, -2777874, 30523605, 5516873, 19480852, 5230134, -23952439, -15175766},
+   {-30269007, -3463509, 7665486, 10083793, 28475525, 1649722, 20654025, 16520125, 30598449, 7715701},
+   {28881845, 14381568, 9657904, 3680757, -20181635, 7843316, -31400660, 1370708, 29794553, -1409300}}, {{-22518993, -6692182, 14201702, -8745502, -23510406, 8844726, 18474211, -1361450, -13062696, 13821877},
+   {-6455177, -7839871, 3374702, -4740862, -27098617, -10571707, 31655028, -7212327, 18853322, -14220951},
+   {4566830, -12963868, -28974889, -12240689, -7602672, -2830569, -8514358, -10431137, 2207753, -3209784}}, {{-25154831, -4185821, 29681144, 7868801, -6854661, -9423865, -12437364, -663000, -31111463, -16132436},
+   {25576264, -2703214, 7349804, -11814844, 16472782, 9300885, 3844789, 15725684, 171356, 6466918},
+   {23103977, 13316479, 9739013, -16149481, 817875, -15038942, 8965339, -14088058, -30714912, 16193877}}, {{-33521811, 3180713, -2394130, 14003687, -16903474, -16270840, 17238398, 4729455, -18074513, 9256800},
+   {-25182317, -4174131, 32336398, 5036987, -21236817, 11360617, 22616405, 9761698, -19827198, 630305},
+   {-13720693, 2639453, -24237460, -7406481, 9494427, -5774029, -6554551, -15960994, -2449256, -14291300}}, {{-3151181, -5046075, 9282714, 6866145, -31907062, -863023, -18940575, 15033784, 25105118, -7894876},
+   {-24326370, 15950226, -31801215, -14592823, -11662737, -5090925, 1573892, -2625887, 2198790, -15804619},
+   {-3099351, 10324967, -2241613, 7453183, -5446979, -2735503, -13812022, -16236442, -32461234, -12290683}}
+};
+
+/* A = 2 * (1 - d) / (1 + d) = 486662 */
+const fe fe_ma2 = {-12721188, -3529, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; /* -A^2 */
+const fe fe_ma = {-486662, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; /* -A */
+const fe fe_fffb1 = {-31702527, -2466483, -26106795, -12203692, -12169197, -321052, 14850977, -10296299, -16929438, -407568}; /* sqrt(-2 * A * (A + 2)) */
+const fe fe_fffb2 = {8166131, -6741800, -17040804, 3154616, 21461005, 1466302, -30876704, -6368709, 10503587, -13363080}; /* sqrt(2 * A * (A + 2)) */
+const fe fe_fffb3 = {-13620103, 14639558, 4532995, 7679154, 16815101, -15883539, -22863840, -14813421, 13716513, -6477756}; /* sqrt(-sqrt(-1) * A * (A + 2)) */
+const fe fe_fffb4 = {-21786234, -12173074, 21573800, 4524538, -4645904, 16204591, 8012863, -8444712, 3212926, 6885324}; /* sqrt(sqrt(-1) * A * (A + 2)) */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-old.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-old.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88e6c09ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops-old.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3008 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+// 
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+
+#include <stdint.h> //standard
+#include <assert.h> //standard
+
+//#include "warnings.h" //where is this??
+#include "crypto-ops.h" //fine
+
+//DISABLE_VS_WARNINGS(4146 4244)
+
+/* Predeclarations */
+
+static void fe_mul(fe, const fe, const fe);
+static void fe_sq(fe, const fe);
+static void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *, const fe);
+static void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+static void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+static void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *);
+static void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *);
+static void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_cached *);
+static void fe_divpowm1(fe, const fe, const fe);
+
+/* Common functions */
+
+//x 
+//u
+static uint64_t load_3(const unsigned char *in) {
+  uint64_t result;
+  result = (uint64_t) in[0];
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+//x 
+//u
+static uint64_t load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  uint64_t result;
+  result = (uint64_t) in[0];
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* From fe_0.c */
+
+/*
+h = 0
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_0(fe h) {
+  h[0] = 0;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
+
+/* From fe_1.c */
+
+/*
+h = 1
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_1(fe h) {
+  h[0] = 1;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
+
+/* From fe_add.c */
+
+/*
+h = f + g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+static void fe_add(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t h0 = f0 + g0;
+  int32_t h1 = f1 + g1;
+  int32_t h2 = f2 + g2;
+  int32_t h3 = f3 + g3;
+  int32_t h4 = f4 + g4;
+  int32_t h5 = f5 + g5;
+  int32_t h6 = f6 + g6;
+  int32_t h7 = f7 + g7;
+  int32_t h8 = f8 + g8;
+  int32_t h9 = f9 + g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_cmov.c */
+
+/*
+Replace (f,g) with (g,g) if b == 1;
+replace (f,g) with (f,g) if b == 0.
+
+Preconditions: b in {0,1}.
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_cmov(fe f, const fe g, unsigned int b) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t x0 = f0 ^ g0;
+  int32_t x1 = f1 ^ g1;
+  int32_t x2 = f2 ^ g2;
+  int32_t x3 = f3 ^ g3;
+  int32_t x4 = f4 ^ g4;
+  int32_t x5 = f5 ^ g5;
+  int32_t x6 = f6 ^ g6;
+  int32_t x7 = f7 ^ g7;
+  int32_t x8 = f8 ^ g8;
+  int32_t x9 = f9 ^ g9;
+  assert((((b - 1) & ~b) | ((b - 2) & ~(b - 1))) == (unsigned int) -1);
+  b = -b;
+  x0 &= b;
+  x1 &= b;
+  x2 &= b;
+  x3 &= b;
+  x4 &= b;
+  x5 &= b;
+  x6 &= b;
+  x7 &= b;
+  x8 &= b;
+  x9 &= b;
+  f[0] = f0 ^ x0;
+  f[1] = f1 ^ x1;
+  f[2] = f2 ^ x2;
+  f[3] = f3 ^ x3;
+  f[4] = f4 ^ x4;
+  f[5] = f5 ^ x5;
+  f[6] = f6 ^ x6;
+  f[7] = f7 ^ x7;
+  f[8] = f8 ^ x8;
+  f[9] = f9 ^ x9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_copy.c */
+
+/*
+h = f
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_copy(fe h, const fe f) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  h[0] = f0;
+  h[1] = f1;
+  h[2] = f2;
+  h[3] = f3;
+  h[4] = f4;
+  h[5] = f5;
+  h[6] = f6;
+  h[7] = f7;
+  h[8] = f8;
+  h[9] = f9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_invert.c */
+
+//x using fermat
+static void fe_invert(fe out, const fe z) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  fe t3;
+  int i;
+
+  fe_sq(t0, z);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  fe_mul(t1, z, t1);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, t1);
+  fe_sq(t2, t0);
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t2);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t2, t2, t1);
+  fe_sq(t3, t2);
+  for (i = 0; i < 19; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t3, t3);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t2, t3, t2);
+  fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t2, t2, t1);
+  fe_sq(t3, t2);
+  for (i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t3, t3);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t2, t3, t2);
+  fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  for (i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(out, t1, t0);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/* From fe_isnegative.c */
+
+/*
+return 1 if f is in {1,3,5,...,q-2}
+return 0 if f is in {0,2,4,...,q-1}
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+//x
+static int fe_isnegative(const fe f) {
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s, f);
+  return s[0] & 1;
+}
+
+/* From fe_isnonzero.c, modified */
+
+//x
+static int fe_isnonzero(const fe f) {
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s, f);
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
+
+/* From fe_mul.c */
+
+/*
+h = f * g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+Notes on implementation strategy:
+
+Using schoolbook multiplication.
+Karatsuba would save a little in some cost models.
+
+Most multiplications by 2 and 19 are 32-bit precomputations;
+cheaper than 64-bit postcomputations.
+
+There is one remaining multiplication by 19 in the carry chain;
+one *19 precomputation can be merged into this,
+but the resulting data flow is considerably less clean.
+
+There are 12 carries below.
+10 of them are 2-way parallelizable and vectorizable.
+Can get away with 11 carries, but then data flow is much deeper.
+
+With tighter constraints on inputs can squeeze carries into int32.
+*/
+
+static void fe_mul(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t g1_19 = 19 * g1; /* 1.959375*2^29 */
+  int32_t g2_19 = 19 * g2; /* 1.959375*2^30; still ok */
+  int32_t g3_19 = 19 * g3;
+  int32_t g4_19 = 19 * g4;
+  int32_t g5_19 = 19 * g5;
+  int32_t g6_19 = 19 * g6;
+  int32_t g7_19 = 19 * g7;
+  int32_t g8_19 = 19 * g8;
+  int32_t g9_19 = 19 * g9;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f9_2 = 2 * f9;
+  int64_t f0g0    = f0   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f0g1    = f0   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f0g2    = f0   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f0g3    = f0   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f0g4    = f0   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f0g5    = f0   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f0g6    = f0   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f0g7    = f0   * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f0g8    = f0   * (int64_t) g8;
+  int64_t f0g9    = f0   * (int64_t) g9;
+  int64_t f1g0    = f1   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f1g1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f1g2    = f1   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f1g3_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f1g4    = f1   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f1g5_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f1g6    = f1   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f1g7_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f1g8    = f1   * (int64_t) g8;
+  int64_t f1g9_38 = f1_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f2g0    = f2   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f2g1    = f2   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f2g2    = f2   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f2g3    = f2   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f2g4    = f2   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f2g5    = f2   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f2g6    = f2   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f2g7    = f2   * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f2g8_19 = f2   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f2g9_19 = f2   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f3g0    = f3   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f3g1_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f3g2    = f3   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f3g3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f3g4    = f3   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f3g5_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f3g6    = f3   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f3g7_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f3g8_19 = f3   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f3g9_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f4g0    = f4   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f4g1    = f4   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f4g2    = f4   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f4g3    = f4   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f4g4    = f4   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f4g5    = f4   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f4g6_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f4g7_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f4g8_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f4g9_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f5g0    = f5   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f5g1_2  = f5_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f5g2    = f5   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f5g3_2  = f5_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f5g4    = f5   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f5g5_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f5g6_19 = f5   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f5g7_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f5g8_19 = f5   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f5g9_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f6g0    = f6   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f6g1    = f6   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f6g2    = f6   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f6g3    = f6   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f6g4_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f6g5_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f6g6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f6g7_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f6g8_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f6g9_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f7g0    = f7   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f7g1_2  = f7_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f7g2    = f7   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f7g3_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f7g4_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f7g5_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f7g6_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f7g7_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f7g8_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f7g9_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f8g0    = f8   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f8g1    = f8   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f8g2_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g2_19;
+  int64_t f8g3_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f8g4_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f8g5_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f8g6_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f8g7_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f8g8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f8g9_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f9g0    = f9   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f9g1_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g1_19;
+  int64_t f9g2_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g2_19;
+  int64_t f9g3_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f9g4_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f9g5_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f9g6_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f9g7_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f9g8_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f9g9_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t h0 = f0g0+f1g9_38+f2g8_19+f3g7_38+f4g6_19+f5g5_38+f6g4_19+f7g3_38+f8g2_19+f9g1_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0g1+f1g0   +f2g9_19+f3g8_19+f4g7_19+f5g6_19+f6g5_19+f7g4_19+f8g3_19+f9g2_19;
+  int64_t h2 = f0g2+f1g1_2 +f2g0   +f3g9_38+f4g8_19+f5g7_38+f6g6_19+f7g5_38+f8g4_19+f9g3_38;
+  int64_t h3 = f0g3+f1g2   +f2g1   +f3g0   +f4g9_19+f5g8_19+f6g7_19+f7g6_19+f8g5_19+f9g4_19;
+  int64_t h4 = f0g4+f1g3_2 +f2g2   +f3g1_2 +f4g0   +f5g9_38+f6g8_19+f7g7_38+f8g6_19+f9g5_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0g5+f1g4   +f2g3   +f3g2   +f4g1   +f5g0   +f6g9_19+f7g8_19+f8g7_19+f9g6_19;
+  int64_t h6 = f0g6+f1g5_2 +f2g4   +f3g3_2 +f4g2   +f5g1_2 +f6g0   +f7g9_38+f8g8_19+f9g7_38;
+  int64_t h7 = f0g7+f1g6   +f2g5   +f3g4   +f4g3   +f5g2   +f6g1   +f7g0   +f8g9_19+f9g8_19;
+  int64_t h8 = f0g8+f1g7_2 +f2g6   +f3g5_2 +f4g4   +f5g3_2 +f6g2   +f7g1_2 +f8g0   +f9g9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0g9+f1g8   +f2g7   +f3g6   +f4g5   +f5g4   +f6g3   +f7g2   +f8g1   +f9g0   ;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  /*
+  |h0| <= (1.65*1.65*2^52*(1+19+19+19+19)+1.65*1.65*2^50*(38+38+38+38+38))
+    i.e. |h0| <= 1.4*2^60; narrower ranges for h2, h4, h6, h8
+  |h1| <= (1.65*1.65*2^51*(1+1+19+19+19+19+19+19+19+19))
+    i.e. |h1| <= 1.7*2^59; narrower ranges for h3, h5, h7, h9
+  */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  /* |h1| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h5| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h2| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+  /* |h6| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  /* |h2| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h6| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h3| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h7| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  /* |h3| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h7| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h4| <= 1.72*2^34 */
+  /* |h8| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h8| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+  /* |h9| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  /* |h9| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h0| <= 1.1*2^39 */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_neg.c */
+
+/*
+h = -f
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_neg(fe h, const fe f) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t h0 = -f0;
+  int32_t h1 = -f1;
+  int32_t h2 = -f2;
+  int32_t h3 = -f3;
+  int32_t h4 = -f4;
+  int32_t h5 = -f5;
+  int32_t h6 = -f6;
+  int32_t h7 = -f7;
+  int32_t h8 = -f8;
+  int32_t h9 = -f9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_sq.c */
+
+/*
+h = f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+static void fe_sq(fe h, const fe f) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int64_t f0f0    = f0   * (int64_t) f0;
+  int64_t f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f9;
+  int64_t f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f3_2;
+  int64_t f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f7_2;
+  int64_t f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f2f2    = f2   * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f2f9_38 = f2   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f4f4    = f4   * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f4f7_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f4f9_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f5f5_38 = f5   * (int64_t) f5_38;
+  int64_t f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f6f6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f6f7_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f6f9_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f7f7_38 = f7   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f8f8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f8f9_38 = f8   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f9f9_38 = f9   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  int64_t h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  int64_t h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  int64_t h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  int64_t h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  int64_t h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  int64_t h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_sq2.c */
+
+/*
+h = 2 * f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+static void fe_sq2(fe h, const fe f) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int64_t f0f0    = f0   * (int64_t) f0;
+  int64_t f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f9;
+  int64_t f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f3_2;
+  int64_t f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f7_2;
+  int64_t f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f2f2    = f2   * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f2f9_38 = f2   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f4f4    = f4   * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f4f7_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f4f9_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f5f5_38 = f5   * (int64_t) f5_38;
+  int64_t f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f6f6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f6f7_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f6f9_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f7f7_38 = f7   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f8f8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f8f9_38 = f8   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f9f9_38 = f9   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  int64_t h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  int64_t h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  int64_t h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  int64_t h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  int64_t h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  int64_t h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  h0 += h0;
+  h1 += h1;
+  h2 += h2;
+  h3 += h3;
+  h4 += h4;
+  h5 += h5;
+  h6 += h6;
+  h7 += h7;
+  h8 += h8;
+  h9 += h9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_sub.c */
+
+/*
+h = f - g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+//x
+static void fe_sub(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t h0 = f0 - g0;
+  int32_t h1 = f1 - g1;
+  int32_t h2 = f2 - g2;
+  int32_t h3 = f3 - g3;
+  int32_t h4 = f4 - g4;
+  int32_t h5 = f5 - g5;
+  int32_t h6 = f6 - g6;
+  int32_t h7 = f7 - g7;
+  int32_t h8 = f8 - g8;
+  int32_t h9 = f9 - g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/* From fe_tobytes.c */
+
+/*
+Preconditions:
+  |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+
+Write p=2^255-19; q=floor(h/p).
+Basic claim: q = floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25)h9 + 2^(-1))).
+
+Proof:
+  Have |h|<=p so |q|<=1 so |19^2 2^(-255) q|<1/4.
+  Also have |h-2^230 h9|<2^231 so |19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9)|<1/4.
+
+  Write y=2^(-1)-19^2 2^(-255)q-19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9).
+  Then 0<y<1.
+
+  Write r=h-pq.
+  Have 0<=r<=p-1=2^255-20.
+  Thus 0<=r+19(2^-255)r<r+19(2^-255)2^255<=2^255-1.
+
+  Write x=r+19(2^-255)r+y.
+  Then 0<x<2^255 so floor(2^(-255)x) = 0 so floor(q+2^(-255)x) = q.
+
+  Have q+2^(-255)x = 2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))
+  so floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))) = q.
+*/
+
+static void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *s, const fe h) {
+  int32_t h0 = h[0];
+  int32_t h1 = h[1];
+  int32_t h2 = h[2];
+  int32_t h3 = h[3];
+  int32_t h4 = h[4];
+  int32_t h5 = h[5];
+  int32_t h6 = h[6];
+  int32_t h7 = h[7];
+  int32_t h8 = h[8];
+  int32_t h9 = h[9];
+  int32_t q;
+  int32_t carry0;
+  int32_t carry1;
+  int32_t carry2;
+  int32_t carry3;
+  int32_t carry4;
+  int32_t carry5;
+  int32_t carry6;
+  int32_t carry7;
+  int32_t carry8;
+  int32_t carry9;
+
+  q = (19 * h9 + (((int32_t) 1) << 24)) >> 25;
+  q = (h0 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h1 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h2 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h3 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h4 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h5 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h6 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h7 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h8 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h9 + q) >> 25;
+
+  /* Goal: Output h-(2^255-19)q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+  h0 += 19 * q;
+  /* Goal: Output h-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+
+  carry0 = h0 >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry1 = h1 >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry2 = h2 >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry3 = h3 >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry4 = h4 >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry5 = h5 >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry6 = h6 >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry7 = h7 >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  carry8 = h8 >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  carry9 = h9 >> 25;               h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+                  /* h10 = carry9 */
+
+  /*
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^255 h10-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20.
+  Have h0+...+2^230 h9 between 0 and 2^255-1;
+  evidently 2^255 h10-2^255 q = 0.
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^230 h9.
+  */
+
+  s[0] = h0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = h0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = h0 >> 16;
+  s[3] = (h0 >> 24) | (h1 << 2);
+  s[4] = h1 >> 6;
+  s[5] = h1 >> 14;
+  s[6] = (h1 >> 22) | (h2 << 3);
+  s[7] = h2 >> 5;
+  s[8] = h2 >> 13;
+  s[9] = (h2 >> 21) | (h3 << 5);
+  s[10] = h3 >> 3;
+  s[11] = h3 >> 11;
+  s[12] = (h3 >> 19) | (h4 << 6);
+  s[13] = h4 >> 2;
+  s[14] = h4 >> 10;
+  s[15] = h4 >> 18;
+  s[16] = h5 >> 0;
+  s[17] = h5 >> 8;
+  s[18] = h5 >> 16;
+  s[19] = (h5 >> 24) | (h6 << 1);
+  s[20] = h6 >> 7;
+  s[21] = h6 >> 15;
+  s[22] = (h6 >> 23) | (h7 << 3);
+  s[23] = h7 >> 5;
+  s[24] = h7 >> 13;
+  s[25] = (h7 >> 21) | (h8 << 4);
+  s[26] = h8 >> 4;
+  s[27] = h8 >> 12;
+  s[28] = (h8 >> 20) | (h9 << 6);
+  s[29] = h9 >> 2;
+  s[30] = h9 >> 10;
+  s[31] = h9 >> 18;
+}
+
+/* From ge_add.c */
+
+//x
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p3 *p, const ge_cached *q) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe_add(r->X, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, r->X, q->YplusX);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, r->Y, q->YminusX);
+  fe_mul(r->T, q->T2d, p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->X, p->Z, q->Z);
+  fe_add(t0, r->X, r->X);
+  fe_sub(r->X, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Y, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Z, t0, r->T);
+  fe_sub(r->T, t0, r->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_double_scalarmult.c, modified */
+
+static void slide(signed char *r, const unsigned char *a) {
+  int i;
+  int b;
+  int k;
+
+  //this loop just makes a binary string out of a 
+  //e.g. a = {3, 0, 0, ...} then r = 110000....
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+    r[i] = 1 & (a[i >> 3] >> (i & 7));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+    if (r[i]) {
+      for (b = 1; b <= 6 && i + b < 256; ++b) {
+        if (r[i + b]) {
+          if (r[i] + (r[i + b] << b) <= 15) {
+            r[i] += r[i + b] << b; r[i + b] = 0;
+          } else if (r[i] - (r[i + b] << b) >= -15) {
+            r[i] -= r[i + b] << b;
+            for (k = i + b; k < 256; ++k) {
+              if (!r[k]) {
+                r[k] = 1;
+                break;
+              }
+              r[k] = 0;
+            }
+          } else
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//double scalar mult precomp
+void ge_dsm_precomp(ge_dsmp r, const ge_p3 *s) {
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 s2, u;
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&r[0], s);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t, s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&s2, &t);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[1], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[2], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[3], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[4], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[5], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[6], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[7], &u);
+}
+
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+
+//this is a really simple alg. actually
+void ge_double_scalarmult_base_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);/* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+      //so this gets us to the highest i such that both have a nonzero
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);//simple double and add
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_madd(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_msub(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+/* From ge_frombytes.c, modified */
+//this is like xrecover .. 
+//x
+int ge_frombytes_vartime(ge_p3 *h, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  /* Validate the number to be canonical */
+  if (h9 == 33554428 && h8 == 268435440 && h7 == 536870880 && h6 == 2147483520 &&
+    h5 == 4294967295 && h4 == 67108860 && h3 == 134217720 && h2 == 536870880 &&
+    h1 == 1073741760 && h0 >= 4294967277) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h->Y[0] = h0;
+  h->Y[1] = h1;
+  h->Y[2] = h2;
+  h->Y[3] = h3;
+  h->Y[4] = h4;
+  h->Y[5] = h5;
+  h->Y[6] = h6;
+  h->Y[7] = h7;
+  h->Y[8] = h8;
+  h->Y[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u, h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v, u, fe_d);
+  fe_sub(u, u, h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v, v, h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+
+  fe_divpowm1(h->X, u, v); /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+
+  fe_sq(vxx, h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx, vxx, v);
+  fe_sub(check, vxx, u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check, vxx, u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_mul(h->X, h->X, fe_sqrtm1); //this is mapping X to X * sqrt(-1) c.f. 3.1 in hisil, dong, etc. 
+  }
+
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) != (s[31] >> 7)) {
+    /* If x = 0, the sign must be positive */
+    if (!fe_isnonzero(h->X)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_neg(h->X, h->X);
+  }
+
+  fe_mul(h->T, h->X, h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* From ge_madd.c */
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+//x
+static void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p3 *p, const ge_precomp *q) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe_add(r->X, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, r->X, q->yplusx);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, r->Y, q->yminusx);
+  fe_mul(r->T, q->xy2d, p->T);
+  fe_add(t0, p->Z, p->Z);
+  fe_sub(r->X, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Y, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Z, t0, r->T);
+  fe_sub(r->T, t0, r->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_msub.c */
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+//x
+static void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p3 *p, const ge_precomp *q) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe_add(r->X, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, r->X, q->yminusx);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, r->Y, q->yplusx);
+  fe_mul(r->T, q->xy2d, p->T);
+  fe_add(t0, p->Z, p->Z);
+  fe_sub(r->X, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Y, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_sub(r->Z, t0, r->T);
+  fe_add(r->T, t0, r->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p2.c */
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+//x
+void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *r, const ge_p1p1 *p) {
+  fe_mul(r->X, p->X, p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, p->Y, p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, p->Z, p->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p3.c */
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+//x
+void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *r, const ge_p1p1 *p) {
+  fe_mul(r->X, p->X, p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, p->Y, p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, p->Z, p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->T, p->X, p->Y);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p2_0.c */
+
+//x
+static void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *h) {
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p2_dbl.c */
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+//x
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p2 *p) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe_sq(r->X, p->X);
+  fe_sq(r->Z, p->Y);
+  fe_sq2(r->T, p->Z);
+  fe_add(r->Y, p->X, p->Y);
+  fe_sq(t0, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Y, r->Z, r->X);
+  fe_sub(r->Z, r->Z, r->X);
+  fe_sub(r->X, t0, r->Y);
+  fe_sub(r->T, r->T, r->Z);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p3_0.c */
+
+//x
+static void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *h) {
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_0(h->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p3_dbl.c */
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+//x
+static void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p3 *p) {
+  ge_p2 q;
+  ge_p3_to_p2(&q, p);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &q);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_cached.c */
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+//x
+void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *r, const ge_p3 *p) {
+  fe_add(r->YplusX, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->YminusX, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Z, p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->T2d, p->T, fe_d2);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_p2.c */
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+//x
+void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *r, const ge_p3 *p) {
+  fe_copy(r->X, p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Y, p->Y);
+  fe_copy(r->Z, p->Z);
+}
+
+/* From ge_p3_tobytes.c */
+
+//x
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *s, const ge_p3 *h) {
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip, h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x, h->X, recip);
+  fe_mul(y, h->Y, recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s, y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
+
+/* From ge_precomp_0.c */
+
+//x
+static void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *h) {
+  fe_1(h->yplusx);
+  fe_1(h->yminusx);
+  fe_0(h->xy2d);
+}
+
+/* From ge_scalarmult_base.c */
+
+//x
+static unsigned char equal(signed char b, signed char c) {
+  unsigned char ub = b;
+  unsigned char uc = c;
+  unsigned char x = ub ^ uc; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  uint32_t y = x; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  y -= 1; /* 4294967295: yes; 0..254: no */
+  y >>= 31; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return y;
+}
+
+static unsigned char negative(signed char b) {
+  unsigned long long x = b; /* 18446744073709551361..18446744073709551615: yes; 0..255: no */
+  x >>= 63; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return x;
+}
+
+static void ge_precomp_cmov(ge_precomp *t, const ge_precomp *u, unsigned char b) {
+  fe_cmov(t->yplusx, u->yplusx, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->yminusx, u->yminusx, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->xy2d, u->xy2d, b);
+}
+
+static void select(ge_precomp *t, int pos, signed char b) {
+  ge_precomp minust;
+  unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+  unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+
+  ge_precomp_0(t);
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][0], equal(babs, 1));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][1], equal(babs, 2));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][2], equal(babs, 3));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][3], equal(babs, 4));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][4], equal(babs, 5));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][5], equal(babs, 6));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][6], equal(babs, 7));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &ge_base[pos][7], equal(babs, 8));
+  fe_copy(minust.yplusx, t->yminusx);
+  fe_copy(minust.yminusx, t->yplusx);
+  fe_neg(minust.xy2d, t->xy2d);
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t, &minust, bnegative);
+}
+
+/*
+h = a * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31]
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+
+Preconditions:
+  a[31] <= 127
+*/
+
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *h, const unsigned char *a) {
+  signed char e[64];
+  signed char carry;
+  ge_p1p1 r;
+  ge_p2 s;
+  ge_precomp t;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+    e[2 * i + 0] = (a[i] >> 0) & 15;
+    e[2 * i + 1] = (a[i] >> 4) & 15;
+  }
+  /* each e[i] is between 0 and 15 */
+  /* e[63] is between 0 and 7 */
+
+  carry = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < 63; ++i) {
+    e[i] += carry;
+    carry = e[i] + 8;
+    carry >>= 4;
+    e[i] -= carry << 4;
+  }
+  e[63] += carry;
+  /* each e[i] is between -8 and 8 */
+
+  ge_p3_0(h);
+  //note, these are indexing from 1, 3, 5, etc. 
+  for (i = 1; i < 64; i += 2) {
+    select(&t, i / 2, e[i]); //here's where you grab multiples of the basepoint .. 
+    //so must be doing e P = (e[0] (2^4)^0 P + e[1] (2^4)^1 P + e[2] (2^4)^2 P + ...)
+    //except, probably writing in big-endian to make more sense..
+    //and the e[i] P are going to be pre-computed...
+    //so have to wonder if by precomputing more, if can save time??
+    ge_madd(&r, h, &t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h, &r);
+  }
+
+  ge_p3_dbl(&r, h);  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s, &r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r, &s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s, &r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r, &s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s, &r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r, &s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h, &r);
+
+  //note, these are indexing from 0, 2, 4, etc. 
+  for (i = 0; i < 64; i += 2) {
+    select(&t, i / 2, e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r, h, &t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h, &r);
+  }
+}
+
+/* From ge_sub.c */
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+//x
+static void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p3 *p, const ge_cached *q) {
+  fe t0;
+  fe_add(r->X, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, p->Y, p->X);
+  fe_mul(r->Z, r->X, q->YminusX);
+  fe_mul(r->Y, r->Y, q->YplusX);
+  fe_mul(r->T, q->T2d, p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->X, p->Z, q->Z);
+  fe_add(t0, r->X, r->X);
+  fe_sub(r->X, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_add(r->Y, r->Z, r->Y);
+  fe_sub(r->Z, t0, r->T);
+  fe_add(r->T, t0, r->T);
+}
+
+/* From ge_tobytes.c */
+
+//x
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *s, const ge_p2 *h) {
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip, h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x, h->X, recip);
+  fe_mul(y, h->Y, recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s, y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
+
+/* From sc_reduce.c */
+
+/*
+Input:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^63*s[63] = s
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = s mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+  Overwrites s in place.
+*/
+
+//x
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *s) {
+  //the point is to load in 21 bits at a time..
+  //Mininero should give you the ints 2097151, the shifts below, and either load 3 or 4
+  int64_t s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s); //2097151 is 21 1's in binary, so there are possible 5 bits left over.. 
+  int64_t s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5); //now you start at 2^16, so you have to move right 5 bits to 2^21.., the 2 comes from the fact that you loaded 3 last time..
+  int64_t s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2); //in last one you had bits 22 ->42, you are starting at (2^8)^5 = 2^40, so need to move right 2 bits...
+  int64_t s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7); //etc...
+  int64_t s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4); //ahh, these are "int 64;s"
+  int64_t s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1); //not uint 64s
+  int64_t s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  int64_t s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t s11 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s12 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 31) >> 4);
+  int64_t s13 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 34) >> 1);
+  int64_t s14 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 36) >> 6);
+  int64_t s15 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 39) >> 3);
+  int64_t s16 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 42);
+  int64_t s17 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 44) >> 5);
+  int64_t s18 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 47) >> 2);
+  int64_t s19 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 49) >> 7);
+  int64_t s20 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 52) >> 4);
+  int64_t s21 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 55) >> 1);
+  int64_t s22 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 57) >> 6);
+  int64_t s23 = (load_4(s + 60) >> 3); //note no &2097151 here .. 
+                                       //so rather than doing 24 = 512 
+                                       //we've done 23 = 504 
+                                       //so curve size rather than
+                                       //size of s
+                                       //this should be handled
+                                       //at the end with those
+                                       //two extra reductions
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+  //17 carries because 11, 12, ... 16 = #digits in l
+
+  //reduce first 105 bits.. to go from 504 to 399
+  //Note that 683901 * 2^(5*21) - 136657 * 2^(4 * 21) + ... - 66643 = 27742317777372353535851937790883648493, which is c in the curve order..
+  s11 += s23 * 666643; // =1430509 - 2 ^ 21  //note there is a 12 step difference, 12^21 = 252
+                                             //so you subtract q 12^21 and then add c at each step..
+                                             //just have to be careful of the carries .. 
+                                             //If you are using unsigned int's, you had better carry at each step
+                                             //so the first step is to factorize 252 and whatever radix
+                                             //must be in those factors.. 
+  s12 += s23 * 470296; // = 1626855 - 2^21 - 1
+  s13 += s23 * 654183; // = 1442968 - 2 ^ 21 - 1?
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805; //note the negative ones are same as result from toDigits
+  s15 += s23 * 136657; // 1960495 - 2 ** 21
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901; //note negative ones are same 
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643; //22 - 10 = 12, 12 * 21 = 252 
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643; //21 - 9 = 12
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  //so we repeat this until we get down to s11
+  //note that 11 * 21 = 231
+
+  //1st carry...
+  //note span = 6 here
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;//take parts that are more than 21 bits in new s6 and add to s7..
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  //span = 5 here
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  //reduce 105 bits to go from 399 to 294
+  s5 += s17 * 666643; //17 - 5 = 12 = 252/21
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643; //12 - 0 = 12..
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  //2nd carry
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  //reduce another 21 bits... go from 294 to 273
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  //3rd carry
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  //reduce last 21 bits to go from 273 to get to 2^252..
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  //carry
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  //go from 2^[256/12]'s to 2^[256/32]'s 
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5); // | since there is no overlap
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/* New code */
+/* (u / v)^(m + 1) */
+static void fe_divpowm1(fe r, const fe u, const fe v) {
+  fe v3, uv7, t0, t1, t2;
+  int i;
+
+  fe_sq(v3, v);
+  fe_mul(v3, v3, v); /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(uv7, v3);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, v);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, u); /* uv7 = uv^7 */
+
+  /*fe_pow22523(uv7, uv7);*/
+
+  /* From fe_pow22523.c */
+
+  fe_sq(t0, uv7);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  fe_mul(t1, uv7, t1);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, t1);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 19; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, uv7);
+
+  /* End fe_pow22523.c */
+  /* t0 = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, v3);
+  fe_mul(r, t0, u); /* u^(m+1)v^(-(m+1)) */
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_0(ge_cached *r) {
+  fe_1(r->YplusX);
+  fe_1(r->YminusX);
+  fe_1(r->Z);
+  fe_0(r->T2d);
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_cmov(ge_cached *t, const ge_cached *u, unsigned char b) {
+  fe_cmov(t->YplusX, u->YplusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->YminusX, u->YminusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->Z, u->Z, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->T2d, u->T2d, b);
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a[31] <= 127 */
+void ge_scalarmult(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A) {
+  signed char e[64];
+  int carry, carry2, i;
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* 1 * A, 2 * A, ..., 8 * A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+
+  carry = 0; /* 0..1 */
+  for (i = 0; i < 31; i++) {
+    carry += a[i]; /* 0..256 */
+    carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..16 */
+    e[2 * i] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+    carry = (carry2 + 8) >> 4; /* 0..1 */
+    e[2 * i + 1] = carry2 - (carry << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  }
+  carry += a[31]; /* 0..128 */
+  carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..8 */
+  e[62] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  e[63] = carry2; /* 0..8 */
+
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0], A);
+  for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+    ge_add(&t, A, &Ai[i]);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[i + 1], &u);
+  }
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+  for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) {
+    signed char b = e[i];
+    unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+    unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+    ge_cached cur, minuscur;
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_cached_0(&cur);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[0], equal(babs, 1));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[1], equal(babs, 2));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[2], equal(babs, 3));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[3], equal(babs, 4));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[4], equal(babs, 5));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[5], equal(babs, 6));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[6], equal(babs, 7));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[7], equal(babs, 8));
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YplusX, cur.YminusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YminusX, cur.YplusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.Z, cur.Z);
+    fe_neg(minuscur.T2d, cur.T2d);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &minuscur, bnegative);
+    ge_add(&t, &u, &cur);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//assume Bi has precomputed multiples
+void ge_double_scalarmult_precomp_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b, const ge_dsmp Bi) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */ //precomps
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_mul8(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p2 *t) {
+  ge_p2 u;
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, t);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u, v, w, x, y, z;
+  unsigned char sign;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = load_3(s + 29) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  u[0] = h0;
+  u[1] = h1;
+  u[2] = h2;
+  u[3] = h3;
+  u[4] = h4;
+  u[5] = h5;
+  u[6] = h6;
+  u[7] = h7;
+  u[8] = h8;
+  u[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_sq2(v, u); /* 2 * u^2 */
+  fe_1(w);
+  fe_add(w, v, w); /* w = 2 * u^2 + 1 */
+  fe_sq(x, w); /* w^2 */
+  fe_mul(y, fe_ma2, v); /* -2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_add(x, x, y); /* x = w^2 - 2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_divpowm1(r->X, w, x); /* (w / x)^(m + 1) */
+  fe_sq(y, r->X);
+  fe_mul(x, y, x);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  fe_copy(z, fe_ma);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    fe_add(y, w, x);
+    if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+      goto negative;
+    } else {
+      fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, u); /* u * sqrt(2 * A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  fe_mul(z, z, v); /* -2 * A * u^2 */
+  sign = 0;
+  goto setsign;
+negative:
+  fe_mul(x, x, fe_sqrtm1);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    assert((fe_add(y, w, x), !fe_isnonzero(y)));
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb3);
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb4);
+  }
+  /* r->X = sqrt(A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  /* z = -A */
+  sign = 1;
+setsign:
+  if (fe_isnegative(r->X) != sign) {
+    assert(fe_isnonzero(r->X));
+    fe_neg(r->X, r->X);
+  }
+  fe_add(r->Z, z, w);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, z, w);
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, r->Z);
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  {
+    fe check_x, check_y, check_iz, check_v;
+    fe_invert(check_iz, r->Z);
+    fe_mul(check_x, r->X, check_iz);
+    fe_mul(check_y, r->Y, check_iz);
+    fe_sq(check_x, check_x);
+    fe_sq(check_y, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, check_x, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, fe_d, check_v);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    fe_sub(check_v, check_v, check_y);
+    fe_1(check_x);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    assert(!fe_isnonzero(check_v));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_0(unsigned char *s) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    s[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_reduce32(unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  int64_t s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  int64_t s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t s11 = (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_add(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 + b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 + b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 + b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 + b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 + b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 + b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 + b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 + b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 + b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 + b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 + b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 + b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_sub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 - b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 - b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 - b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 - b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 - b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 - b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 - b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 - b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 - b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 - b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 - b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 - b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (c-ab) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+//x
+void sc_mulsub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b, const unsigned char *c) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  int64_t c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  int64_t c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0;
+  int64_t s1;
+  int64_t s2;
+  int64_t s3;
+  int64_t s4;
+  int64_t s5;
+  int64_t s6;
+  int64_t s7;
+  int64_t s8;
+  int64_t s9;
+  int64_t s10;
+  int64_t s11;
+  int64_t s12;
+  int64_t s13;
+  int64_t s14;
+  int64_t s15;
+  int64_t s16;
+  int64_t s17;
+  int64_t s18;
+  int64_t s19;
+  int64_t s20;
+  int64_t s21;
+  int64_t s22;
+  int64_t s23;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+  int64_t carry17;
+  int64_t carry18;
+  int64_t carry19;
+  int64_t carry20;
+  int64_t carry21;
+  int64_t carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 - a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 - (a0*b1 + a1*b0);
+  s2 = c2 - (a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0);
+  s3 = c3 - (a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0);
+  s4 = c4 - (a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0);
+  s5 = c5 - (a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0);
+  s6 = c6 - (a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0);
+  s7 = c7 - (a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0);
+  s8 = c8 - (a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0);
+  s9 = c9 - (a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0);
+  s10 = c10 - (a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0);
+  s11 = c11 - (a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0);
+  s12 = -(a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1);
+  s13 = -(a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2);
+  s14 = -(a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3);
+  s15 = -(a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4);
+  s16 = -(a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5);
+  s17 = -(a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6);
+  s18 = -(a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7);
+  s19 = -(a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8);
+  s20 = -(a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9);
+  s21 = -(a10*b11 + a11*b10);
+  s22 = -a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a != INT64_MIN */
+//x c.f. lt in 32 bit ref
+static int64_t signum(int64_t a) {
+  return (a >> 63) - ((-a) >> 63);
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_check(const unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t s1 = load_4(s + 4);
+  int64_t s2 = load_4(s + 8);
+  int64_t s3 = load_4(s + 12);
+  int64_t s4 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t s5 = load_4(s + 20);
+  int64_t s6 = load_4(s + 24);
+  int64_t s7 = load_4(s + 28);
+  return (signum(1559614444 - s0) + (signum(1477600026 - s1) << 1) + (signum(2734136534 - s2) << 2) + (signum(350157278 - s3) << 3) + (signum(-s4) << 4) + (signum(-s5) << 5) + (signum(-s6) << 6) + (signum(268435456 - s7) << 7)) >> 8;
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_isnonzero(const unsigned char *s) {
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e1eb19a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto-ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+// 
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+
+/* From fe.h */
+
+//this guy may throw errors in windows
+typedef int32_t fe[10];
+
+/* From ge.h */
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+} ge_p2;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p3;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p1p1;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe yplusx;
+  fe yminusx;
+  fe xy2d;
+} ge_precomp;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe YplusX;
+  fe YminusX;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T2d;
+} ge_cached;
+
+/* From ge_add.c */
+
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_cached *);
+
+/* From ge_double_scalarmult.c, modified */
+
+typedef ge_cached ge_dsmp[8];
+extern const ge_precomp ge_Bi[8];
+void ge_dsm_precomp(ge_dsmp r, const ge_p3 *s);
+void ge_double_scalarmult_base_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_frombytes.c, modified */
+
+extern const fe fe_sqrtm1;
+extern const fe fe_d;
+int ge_frombytes_vartime(ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p2.c */
+
+void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *, const ge_p1p1 *);
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p3.c */
+
+void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *, const ge_p1p1 *);
+
+/* From ge_p2_dbl.c */
+
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p2 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_cached.c */
+
+extern const fe fe_d2;
+void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_p2.c */
+
+void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_tobytes.c */
+
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_scalarmult_base.c */
+
+extern const ge_precomp ge_base[32][8];
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_tobytes.c */
+
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *, const ge_p2 *);
+
+/* From sc_reduce.c */
+
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *);
+
+/* New code */
+
+void ge_scalarmult(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *);
+void ge_double_scalarmult_precomp_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_dsmp);
+void ge_mul8(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p2 *);
+extern const fe fe_ma2;
+extern const fe fe_ma;
+extern const fe fe_fffb1;
+extern const fe fe_fffb2;
+extern const fe fe_fffb3;
+extern const fe fe_fffb4;
+void ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_0(unsigned char *);
+void sc_reduce32(unsigned char *);
+void sc_add(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_sub(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_mulsub(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+int sc_check(const unsigned char *);
+int sc_isnonzero(const unsigned char *); /* Doesn't normalize */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_int32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_int32.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cae135e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_int32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef crypto_int32_h
+#define crypto_int32_h
+
+typedef int crypto_int32;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_sign.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_sign.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..afed20821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_sign.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef crypto_sign_edwards25519sha512batch_H
+#define crypto_sign_edwards25519sha512batch_H
+
+#define SECRETKEYBYTES 64
+#define PUBLICKEYBYTES 32
+#define SIGNATUREBYTES 64
+
+extern int crypto_sign(unsigned char *,unsigned long long *,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *);
+extern int crypto_sign_open(unsigned char *,unsigned long long *,const unsigned char *,unsigned long long,const unsigned char *);
+extern int crypto_sign_keypair(unsigned char *,unsigned char *);
+extern int crypto_sign_publickey(unsigned char *pk, unsigned char *sk, unsigned char *seed);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_uint32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_uint32.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..21020d7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_uint32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef crypto_uint32_h
+#define crypto_uint32_h
+
+typedef unsigned int crypto_uint32;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_verify_32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_verify_32.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad265c7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/crypto_verify_32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef crypto_verify_32_H
+#define crypto_verify_32_H
+
+#define crypto_verify_32_ref_BYTES 32
+extern int crypto_verify_32(const unsigned char *,const unsigned char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ietf.txt b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ietf.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0736f71ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ietf.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1402 @@
+                                                                        
+
+[Docs] [txt|pdf] [Tracker] [Email] [Diff1] [Diff2] [Nits]               
+                                                                        
+Versions: 00 01 02                                                      
+                                                                        
+Network Working Group                                       S. Josefsson
+Internet-Draft                                                    SJD AB
+Intended status: Informational                                N. Moeller
+Expires: August 26, 2015
+                                                       February 22, 2015
+
+
+                           EdDSA and Ed25519
+
+                    draft-josefsson-eddsa-ed25519-02
+
+
+Abstract
+
+   The elliptic curve signature scheme EdDSA and one instance of it
+   called Ed25519 is described.  An example implementation and test
+   vectors are provided.
+
+Status of This Memo
+
+   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
+   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
+
+   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
+   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
+   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
+   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
+
+   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
+   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
+   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
+   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
+
+   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 26, 2015.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
+   document authors.  All rights reserved.
+
+   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
+   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
+   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
+   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
+   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
+   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
+   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
+   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
+   described in the Simplified BSD License.
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015                [Page 1]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
+   2.  Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
+   3.  Background  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
+   4.  EdDSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
+     4.1.  Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
+     4.2.  Keys  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
+     4.3.  Sign  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
+     4.4.  Verify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
+   5.  Ed25519 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
+     5.1.  Modular arithmetic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
+     5.2.  Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
+     5.3.  Decoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
+     5.4.  Point addition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
+     5.5.  Key Generation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
+     5.6.  Sign  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
+     5.7.  Verify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
+     5.8.  Python illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
+   6.  Test Vectors for Ed25519  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
+   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
+   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+     9.1.  Side-channel leaks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
+   Appendix A.  Ed25519 Python Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
+   Appendix B.  Library driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
+   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+
+   The Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) is a variant of
+   Schnorr's signature system with Twisted Edwards curves.  EdDSA needs
+   to be instantiated with certain parameters and this document describe
+   Ed25519 - an instantiation of EdDSA in a curve over GF(2^255-19).  To
+   facilitate adoption in the Internet community of Ed25519, this
+   document describe the signature scheme in an implementation-oriented
+   way, and we provide sample code and test vectors.
+
+   The advantages with EdDSA and Ed25519 include:
+
+   1.  High-performance on a variety of platforms.
+
+   2.  Does not require the use of a unique random number for each
+       signature.
+
+
+
+
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+ 
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+
+
+   3.  More resilient to side-channel attacks.
+
+   4.  Small public keys (32 bytes) and signatures (64 bytes).
+
+   5.  The formulas are "strongly unified", i.e., they are valid for all
+       points on the curve, with no exceptions.  This obviates the need
+       for EdDSA to perform expensive point validation on untrusted
+       public values.
+
+   6.  Collision resilience, meaning that hash-function collisions do
+       not break this system.
+
+   For further background, see the original EdDSA paper [EDDSA].
+
+2.  Notation
+
+
+   The following notation is used throughout the document:
+
+   GF(p) finite field with p elements
+
+   x^y x multiplied by itself y times
+
+   B generator of the group or subgroup of interest
+
+   n B B added to itself n times.
+
+   h_i the i'th bit of h
+
+   a || b (bit-)string a concatenated with (bit-)string b
+
+3.  Background
+
+
+   EdDSA is defined using an elliptic curve over GF(p) of the form
+
+   -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + d x^2 y^2
+
+   In general, p could be a prime power, but it is usually chosen as a
+   prime number.  It is required that p = 1 modulo 4 (which implies that
+   -1 is a square modulo p) and that d is a non-square modulo p.  For
+   Ed25519, the curve used is equivalent to Curve25519 [CURVE25519],
+   under a change of coordinates, which means that the difficulty of the
+   discrete logarithm problem is the same as for Curve25519.
+
+   Points on this curve form a group under addition, (x3, y3) = (x1, y1)
+   + (x2, y2), with the formulas
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+           x1 y2 + x2 y1              y1 y2 + x1 x2
+   x3 = -------------------,  y3 = -------------------
+         1 + d x1 x2 y1 y2          1 - d x1 x2 y1 y2
+
+   The neutral element in the group is (0, 1).
+
+   Unlike manyy other curves used for cryptographic applications, these
+   formulas are "strongly unified": they are valid for all points on the
+   curve, with no exceptions.  In particular, the denominators are non-
+   zero for all input points.
+
+   There are more efficient formulas, which are still strongly unified,
+   which use homogeneous coordinates to avoid the expensive modulo p
+   inversions.  See [Faster-ECC] and [Edwards-revisited].
+
+4.  EdDSA
+
+
+   EdDSA is a digital signature system with several parameters.  The
+   generic EdDSA digital signature system is normally not implemented
+   directly, but instead a particular instance of EdDSA (like Ed25519)
+   is implemented.  A precise explanation of the generic EdDSA is thus
+   not particulary useful for implementers, but for background and
+   completeness, a succint description of the generic EdDSA algorithm is
+   given here.
+
+   EdDSA has seven parameters:
+
+   1.  an integer b >= 10.
+
+   2.  a cryptographic hash function H producing 2b-bit outputs.
+
+   3.  a prime power p congruent to 1 modulo 4.
+
+   4.  a (b-1)-bit encoding of elements of the finite field GF(p).
+
+   5.  a non-square element d of GF(p)
+
+   6.  an element B != (0,1) of the set E = { (x,y) is a member of GF(p)
+       x GF(p) such that -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + dx^2y^2 }.
+
+   7.  a prime q, of size b-3 bits, such that qB = (0, 1), i.e., q is
+       the order of B or a multiple thereof.
+
+4.1.  Encoding
+
+
+   An element (x,y) of E is encoded as a b-bit string called ENC(x,y)
+   which is the (b-1)-bit encoding of y concatenated with one bit that
+   is 1 if x is negative and 0 if x is not negative.  Negative elements
+
+
+
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+ 
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+
+
+   of GF(q) are those x which the (b-1)-bit encoding of x is
+   lexicographically larger than the (b-1)-bit encoding of -x.
+
+4.2.  Keys
+
+
+   An EdDSA secret key is a b-bit string k.  Let the hash H(k) = (h_0,
+   h_1, ..., h_(2b-1)) determine an integer a which is 2^(b-2) plus the
+   sum of m = 2^i * h_i for all i equal or larger than 3 and equal to or
+   less than b-3 such that m is a member of the set { 2^(b-2), 2^(b-2) +
+   8, ..., 2^(b-1) - 8 }.  The EdDSA public key is ENC(A) = ENC(aB).
+   The bits h_b, ..., h_(2b-1) is used below during signing.
+
+4.3.  Sign
+
+
+   The signature of a message M under a secret key k is the 2b-bit
+   string ENC(R) || ENC'(S), where ENC'(S) is defined as the b-bit
+   little-endian encoding of S.  R and S are derived as follows.  First
+   define r = H(h_b, ... h_(2b-1)), M) interpreting 2b-bit strings in
+   little-endian form as integers in {0, 1, ..., 2^(2b)-1}.  Let R=rB
+   and S=(r+H(ENC(R) || ENC(A) || M)a) mod l.
+
+4.4.  Verify
+
+
+   To verify a signature ENC(R) || ENC'(S) on a message M under a public
+   key ENC(A), proceed as follows.  Parse the inputs so that A and R is
+   an element of E, and S is a member of the set {0, 1, ..., l-1 }.
+   Compute H' = H(ENC(R) || ENC(A) || M) and check the group equation
+   8SB = 8R + 8H'A in E.  Verification is rejected if parsing fails or
+   the group equation does not hold.
+
+5.  Ed25519
+
+
+   Theoretically, Ed25519 is EdDSA instantiated with b=256, H being
+   SHA-512 [RFC4634], p is the prime 2^255-19, the 255-bit encoding of
+   GF(2^255-19) being the little-endian encoding of {0, 1, ...,
+   2^255-20}, q is the prime 2^252 + 0x14def9dea2f79cd65812631a5cf5d3ed,
+   d = -121665/121666 which is a member of GF(p), and B is the unique
+   point (x, 4/5) in E for which x is "positive", which with the
+   encoding used simply means that the least significant bit of x is 0.
+   The curve p, prime q, d and B follows from [I-D.irtf-cfrg-curves].
+
+   Written out explicitly, B is the point (15112221349535400772501151409
+   588531511454012693041857206046113283949847762202, 4631683569492647816
+   9428394003475163141307993866256225615783033603165251855960).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+5.1.  Modular arithmetic
+
+
+   For advise on how to implement arithmetic modulo p = 2^255 - 1
+   efficiently and securely, see Curve25519 [CURVE25519].  For inversion
+   modulo p, it is recommended to use the identity x^-1 = x^(p-2) (mod
+   p).
+
+   For point decoding or "decompression", square roots modulo p are
+   needed.  They can be computed using the Tonelli-Shanks algorithm, or
+   the special case for p = 5 (mod 8).  To find a square root of a,
+   first compute the candidate root x = a^((p+3)/8) (mod p).  Then there
+   are three cases:
+
+      x^2 = a (mod p).  Then x is a square root.
+
+      x^2 = -a (mod p).  Then 2^((p-1)/4) x is a square root.
+
+      a is not a square modulo p.
+
+5.2.  Encoding
+
+
+   All values are coded as octet strings, and integers are coded using
+   little endian convention.  I.e., a 32-octet string h h[0],...h[31]
+   represents the integer h[0] + 2^8 h[1] + ... + 2^248 h[31].
+
+   A curve point (x,y), with coordiantes in the range 0 <= x,y < p, is
+   coded as follows.  First encode the y-coordinate as a little-endian
+   string of 32 octets.  The most significant bit of the final octet is
+   always zero.  To form the encoding of the point, copy the least
+   significant bit of the x-coordinate to the most significant bit of
+   the final octet.
+
+5.3.  Decoding
+
+
+   Decoding a point, given as a 32-octet string, is a little more
+   complicated.
+
+   1.  First interpret the string as an integer in little-endian
+       representation.  Bit 255 of this number is the least significant
+       bit of the x-coordinate, and denote this value x_0.  The
+       y-coordinate is recovered simply by clearing this bit.  If the
+       resulting value is >= p, decoding fails.
+
+   2.  To recover the x coordinate, the curve equation implies x^2 =
+       (y^2 - 1) / (d y^2 + 1) (mod p).  Since d is a non-square and -1
+       is a square, the numerator, (d y^2 + 1), is always invertible
+       modulo p.  Let u = y^2 - 1 and v = d y^2 + 1.  To compute the
+       square root of (u/v), the first step is to compute the candidate
+
+
+
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+ 
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+
+
+       root x = (u/v)^((p+3)/8).  This can be done using the following
+       trick, to use a single modular powering for both the inversion of
+       v and the square root:
+
+                      (p+3)/8      3        (p-5)/8
+             x = (u/v)        = u v  (u v^7)         (mod p)
+
+   3.  Again, there are three cases:
+
+       1.  If v x^2 = u (mod p), x is a square root.
+
+       2.  If v x^2 = -u (mod p), set x <-- x 2^((p-1)/4), which is a
+           square root.
+
+       3.  Otherwise, no square root exists modulo p, and decoding
+           fails.
+
+   4.  Finally, use the x_0 bit to select the right square root.  If x =
+       0, and x_0 = 1, decoding fails.  Otherwise, if x_0 != x mod 2,
+       set x <-- p - x.  Return the decoded point (x,y).
+
+5.4.  Point addition
+
+
+   For point addition, the following method is recommended.  A point
+   (x,y) is represented in extended homogeneous coordinates (X, Y, Z,
+   T), with x = X/Z, y = Y/Z, x y = T/Z.
+
+   The following formulas for adding two points, (x3,y3) =
+   (x1,y1)+(x2,y2) are described in [Edwards-revisited], section 3.1.
+   They are strongly unified, i.e., they work for any pair of valid
+   input points.
+
+           A = (Y1-X1)*(Y2-X2)
+           B = (Y1+X1)*(Y2+X2)
+           C = T1*2*d*T2
+           D = Z1*2*Z2
+           E = B-A
+           F = D-C
+           G = D+C
+           H = B+A
+           X3 = E*F
+           Y3 = G*H
+           T3 = E*H
+           Z3 = F*G
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+5.5.  Key Generation
+
+
+   The secret is 32 octets (256 bits, corresponding to b) of
+   cryptographically-secure random data.  See [RFC4086] for a discussion
+   about randomness.
+
+   The 32-byte public key is generated by the following steps.
+
+   1.  Hash the 32-byte secret using SHA-512, storing the digest in a
+       64-octet large buffer, denoted h.  Only the lower 32 bytes are
+       used for generating the public key.
+
+   2.  Prune the buffer.  In C terminology:
+
+             h[0] &= ~0x07;
+             h[31] &= 0x7F;
+             h[31] |= 0x40;
+
+   3.  Interpret the buffer as the little-endian integer, forming a
+       secret scalar a.  Perform a known-base-point scalar
+       multiplication a B.
+
+   4.  The public key A is the encoding of the point aB.  First encode
+       the y coordinate (in the range 0 <= y < p) as a little-endian
+       string of 32 octets.  The most significant bit of the final octet
+       is always zero.  To form the encoding of the point aB, copy the
+       least significant bit of the x coordinate to the most significant
+       bit of the final octet.  The result is the public key.
+
+5.6.  Sign
+
+
+   The imputs to the signing procedure is the secret key, a 32-octet
+   string, and a message M of arbitrary size.
+
+   1.  Hash the secret key, 32-octets, using SHA-512.  Let h denote the
+       resulting digest.  Construct the secret scalar a from the first
+       half of the digest, and the corresponding public key A, as
+       described in the previous section.  Let prefix denote the second
+       half of the hash digest, h[32],...,h[63].
+
+   2.  Compute SHA-512(prefix || M), where M is the message to be
+       signed.  Interpret the 64-octet digest as a little-endian integer
+       r.
+
+   3.  Compute the point rB.  For efficiency, do this by first reducing
+       r modulo q, the group order of B.  Let the string R be the
+       encoding of this point.
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015                [Page 8]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   4.  Compute SHA512(R || A || M), and interpret the 64-octet digest as
+       a little-endian integer k.
+
+   5.  Compute s = (r + k a) mod q.  For efficiency, again reduce k
+       modulo q first.
+
+   6.  Form the signature of the concatenation of R (32 octets) and the
+       little-endian encoding of s (32 octets, three most significant
+       bits of the final octets always zero).
+
+5.7.  Verify
+
+
+   1.  To verify a signature on a message M, first split the signature
+       into two 32-octet halves.  Decode the first half as a point R,
+       and the second half as an integer s, in the range 0 <= s < q.  If
+       the decoding fails, the signature is invalid.
+
+   2.  Compute SHA512(R || A || M), and interpret the 64-octet digest as
+       a little-endian integer k.
+
+   3.  Check the group equation 8s B = 8 R + 8k A.  It's sufficient, but
+       not required, to instead check s B = R + k A.
+
+5.8.  Python illustration
+
+
+   The rest of this section describes how Ed25519 can be implemented in
+   Python (version 3.2 or later) for illustration.  See appendix A for
+   the complete implementation and appendix B for a test-driver to run
+   it through some test vectors.
+
+   First some preliminaries that will be needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015                [Page 9]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   import hashlib
+
+   def sha512(s):
+       return hashlib.sha512(s).digest()
+
+   # Base field Z_p
+   p = 2**255 - 19
+
+   def modp_inv(x):
+       return pow(x, p-2, p)
+
+   # Curve constant
+   d = -121665 * modp_inv(121666) % p
+
+   # Group order
+   q = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+   def sha512_modq(s):
+       return int.from_bytes(sha512(s), "little") % q
+
+   Then follows functions to perform point operations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 10]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+# Points are represented as tuples (X, Y, Z, T) of extended coordinates,
+# with x = X/Z, y = Y/Z, x*y = T/Z
+
+def point_add(P, Q):
+    A = (P[1]-P[0])*(Q[1]-Q[0]) % p
+    B = (P[1]+P[0])*(Q[1]+Q[0]) % p
+    C = 2 * P[3] * Q[3] * d % p
+    D = 2 * P[2] * Q[2] % p
+    E = B-A
+    F = D-C
+    G = D+C
+    H = B+A
+    return (E*F, G*H, F*G, E*H)
+
+# Computes Q = s * Q
+def point_mul(s, P):
+    Q = (0, 1, 1, 0)  # Neutral element
+    while s > 0:
+        # Is there any bit-set predicate?
+        if s & 1:
+            Q = point_add(Q, P)
+        P = point_add(P, P)
+        s >>= 1
+    return Q
+
+def point_equal(P, Q):
+    # x1 / z1 == x2 / z2  <==>  x1 * z2 == x2 * z1
+    if (P[0] * Q[2] - Q[0] * P[2]) % p != 0:
+        return False
+    if (P[1] * Q[2] - Q[1] * P[2]) % p != 0:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+   Now follows functions for point compression.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 11]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+# Square root of -1
+modp_sqrt_m1 = pow(2, (p-1) // 4, p)
+
+# Compute corresponding x coordinate, with low bit corresponding to sign,
+# or return None on failure
+def recover_x(y, sign):
+    x2 = (y*y-1) * modp_inv(d*y*y+1)
+    if x2 == 0:
+        if sign:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    # Compute square root of x2
+    x = pow(x2, (p+3) // 8, p)
+    if (x*x - x2) % p != 0:
+        x = x * modp_sqrt_m1 % p
+    if (x*x - x2) % p != 0:
+        return None
+
+    if (x & 1) != sign:
+        x = p - x
+    return x
+
+# Base point
+g_y = 4 * modp_inv(5) % p
+g_x = recover_x(g_y, 0)
+G = (g_x, g_y, 1, g_x * g_y % p)
+
+def point_compress(P):
+    zinv = modp_inv(P[2])
+    x = P[0] * zinv % p
+    y = P[1] * zinv % p
+    return int.to_bytes(y | ((x & 1) << 255), 32, "little")
+
+def point_decompress(s):
+    if len(s) != 32:
+        raise Exception("Invalid input length for decompression")
+    y = int.from_bytes(s, "little")
+    sign = y >> 255
+    y &= (1 << 255) - 1
+
+    x = recover_x(y, sign)
+    if x is None:
+        return None
+    else:
+        return (x, y, 1, x*y % p)
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 12]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   These are functions for manipulating the secret.
+
+   def secret_expand(secret):
+       if len(secret) != 32:
+           raise Exception("Bad size of private key")
+       h = sha512(secret)
+       a = int.from_bytes(h[:32], "little")
+       a &= (1 << 254) - 8
+       a |= (1 << 254)
+       return (a, h[32:])
+
+   def secret_to_public(secret):
+       (a, dummy) = secret_expand(secret)
+       return point_compress(point_mul(a, G))
+
+   The signature function works as below.
+
+   def sign(secret, msg):
+       a, prefix = secret_expand(secret)
+       A = point_compress(point_mul(a, G))
+       r = sha512_modq(prefix + msg)
+       R = point_mul(r, G)
+       Rs = point_compress(R)
+       h = sha512_modq(Rs + A + msg)
+       s = (r + h * a) % q
+       return Rs + int.to_bytes(s, 32, "little")
+
+   And finally the verification function.
+
+   def verify(public, msg, signature):
+       if len(public) != 32:
+           raise Exception("Bad public-key length")
+       if len(signature) != 64:
+           Exception("Bad signature length")
+       A = point_decompress(public)
+       if not A:
+           return False
+       Rs = signature[:32]
+       R = point_decompress(Rs)
+       if not R:
+           return False
+       s = int.from_bytes(signature[32:], "little")
+       h = sha512_modq(Rs + public + msg)
+       sB = point_mul(s, G)
+       hA = point_mul(h, A)
+       return point_equal(sB, point_add(R, hA))
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 13]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+6.  Test Vectors for Ed25519
+
+
+   Below is a sequence of octets with test vectors for the the Ed25519
+   signature algorithm.  The octets are hex encoded and whitespace is
+   inserted for readability.  Private keys are 64 bytes, public keys 32
+   bytes, message of arbitrary length, and signatures are 64 bytes.  The
+   test vectors are taken from [ED25519-TEST-VECTORS] (but we removed
+   the public key as a suffix of the secret key, and removed the message
+   from the signature) and [ED25519-LIBGCRYPT-TEST-VECTORS].
+
+   -----TEST 1
+   SECRET KEY:
+   9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc4
+   4449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   d75a980182b10ab7d54bfed3c964073a
+   0ee172f3daa62325af021a68f707511a
+
+   MESSAGE (length 0 bytes):
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   e5564300c360ac729086e2cc806e828a
+   84877f1eb8e5d974d873e06522490155
+   5fb8821590a33bacc61e39701cf9b46b
+   d25bf5f0595bbe24655141438e7a100b
+
+   -----TEST 2
+   SECRET KEY:
+   4ccd089b28ff96da9db6c346ec114e0f
+   5b8a319f35aba624da8cf6ed4fb8a6fb
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   3d4017c3e843895a92b70aa74d1b7ebc
+   9c982ccf2ec4968cc0cd55f12af4660c
+
+   MESSAGE (length 1 byte):
+   72
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   92a009a9f0d4cab8720e820b5f642540
+   a2b27b5416503f8fb3762223ebdb69da
+   085ac1e43e15996e458f3613d0f11d8c
+   387b2eaeb4302aeeb00d291612bb0c00
+
+   -----TEST 3
+   SECRET KEY:
+   c5aa8df43f9f837bedb7442f31dcb7b1
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 14]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   66d38535076f094b85ce3a2e0b4458f7
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   fc51cd8e6218a1a38da47ed00230f058
+   0816ed13ba3303ac5deb911548908025
+
+   MESSAGE (length 2 bytes):
+   af82
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   6291d657deec24024827e69c3abe01a3
+   0ce548a284743a445e3680d7db5ac3ac
+   18ff9b538d16f290ae67f760984dc659
+   4a7c15e9716ed28dc027beceea1ec40a
+
+   -----TEST 1024
+   SECRET KEY:
+   f5e5767cf153319517630f226876b86c
+   8160cc583bc013744c6bf255f5cc0ee5
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   278117fc144c72340f67d0f2316e8386
+   ceffbf2b2428c9c51fef7c597f1d426e
+
+   MESSAGE:
+   08b8b2b733424243760fe426a4b54908
+   632110a66c2f6591eabd3345e3e4eb98
+   fa6e264bf09efe12ee50f8f54e9f77b1
+   e355f6c50544e23fb1433ddf73be84d8
+   79de7c0046dc4996d9e773f4bc9efe57
+   38829adb26c81b37c93a1b270b20329d
+   658675fc6ea534e0810a4432826bf58c
+   941efb65d57a338bbd2e26640f89ffbc
+   1a858efcb8550ee3a5e1998bd177e93a
+   7363c344fe6b199ee5d02e82d522c4fe
+   ba15452f80288a821a579116ec6dad2b
+   3b310da903401aa62100ab5d1a36553e
+   06203b33890cc9b832f79ef80560ccb9
+   a39ce767967ed628c6ad573cb116dbef
+   efd75499da96bd68a8a97b928a8bbc10
+   3b6621fcde2beca1231d206be6cd9ec7
+   aff6f6c94fcd7204ed3455c68c83f4a4
+   1da4af2b74ef5c53f1d8ac70bdcb7ed1
+   85ce81bd84359d44254d95629e9855a9
+   4a7c1958d1f8ada5d0532ed8a5aa3fb2
+   d17ba70eb6248e594e1a2297acbbb39d
+   502f1a8c6eb6f1ce22b3de1a1f40cc24
+   554119a831a9aad6079cad88425de6bd
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 15]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   e1a9187ebb6092cf67bf2b13fd65f270
+   88d78b7e883c8759d2c4f5c65adb7553
+   878ad575f9fad878e80a0c9ba63bcbcc
+   2732e69485bbc9c90bfbd62481d9089b
+   eccf80cfe2df16a2cf65bd92dd597b07
+   07e0917af48bbb75fed413d238f5555a
+   7a569d80c3414a8d0859dc65a46128ba
+   b27af87a71314f318c782b23ebfe808b
+   82b0ce26401d2e22f04d83d1255dc51a
+   ddd3b75a2b1ae0784504df543af8969b
+   e3ea7082ff7fc9888c144da2af58429e
+   c96031dbcad3dad9af0dcbaaaf268cb8
+   fcffead94f3c7ca495e056a9b47acdb7
+   51fb73e666c6c655ade8297297d07ad1
+   ba5e43f1bca32301651339e22904cc8c
+   42f58c30c04aafdb038dda0847dd988d
+   cda6f3bfd15c4b4c4525004aa06eeff8
+   ca61783aacec57fb3d1f92b0fe2fd1a8
+   5f6724517b65e614ad6808d6f6ee34df
+   f7310fdc82aebfd904b01e1dc54b2927
+   094b2db68d6f903b68401adebf5a7e08
+   d78ff4ef5d63653a65040cf9bfd4aca7
+   984a74d37145986780fc0b16ac451649
+   de6188a7dbdf191f64b5fc5e2ab47b57
+   f7f7276cd419c17a3ca8e1b939ae49e4
+   88acba6b965610b5480109c8b17b80e1
+   b7b750dfc7598d5d5011fd2dcc5600a3
+   2ef5b52a1ecc820e308aa342721aac09
+   43bf6686b64b2579376504ccc493d97e
+   6aed3fb0f9cd71a43dd497f01f17c0e2
+   cb3797aa2a2f256656168e6c496afc5f
+   b93246f6b1116398a346f1a641f3b041
+   e989f7914f90cc2c7fff357876e506b5
+   0d334ba77c225bc307ba537152f3f161
+   0e4eafe595f6d9d90d11faa933a15ef1
+   369546868a7f3a45a96768d40fd9d034
+   12c091c6315cf4fde7cb68606937380d
+   b2eaaa707b4c4185c32eddcdd306705e
+   4dc1ffc872eeee475a64dfac86aba41c
+   0618983f8741c5ef68d3a101e8a3b8ca
+   c60c905c15fc910840b94c00a0b9d0
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   0aab4c900501b3e24d7cdf4663326a3a
+   87df5e4843b2cbdb67cbf6e460fec350
+   aa5371b1508f9f4528ecea23c436d94b
+   5e8fcd4f681e30a6ac00a9704a188a03
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 16]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   -----TEST 1A
+   -----An additional test with the data from test 1 but using an
+   -----uncompressed public key.
+   SECRET KEY:
+   9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc4
+   4449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   0455d0e09a2b9d34292297e08d60d0f6
+   20c513d47253187c24b12786bd777645
+   ce1a5107f7681a02af2523a6daf372e1
+   0e3a0764c9d3fe4bd5b70ab18201985a
+   d7
+
+   MSG (length 0 bytes):
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   e5564300c360ac729086e2cc806e828a
+   84877f1eb8e5d974d873e06522490155
+   5fb8821590a33bacc61e39701cf9b46b
+   d25bf5f0595bbe24655141438e7a100b
+
+   -----TEST 1B
+   -----An additional test with the data from test 1 but using an
+   -----compressed prefix.
+   SECRET KEY:
+   9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc4
+   4449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60
+
+   PUBLIC KEY:
+   40d75a980182b10ab7d54bfed3c96407
+   3a0ee172f3daa62325af021a68f70751
+   1a
+
+   MESSAGE (length 0 bytes):
+
+   SIGNATURE:
+   e5564300c360ac729086e2cc806e828a
+   84877f1eb8e5d974d873e06522490155
+   5fb8821590a33bacc61e39701cf9b46b
+   d25bf5f0595bbe24655141438e7a100b
+   -----
+
+7.  Acknowledgements
+
+
+   Feedback on this document was received from Werner Koch and Damien
+   Miller.
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 17]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+8.  IANA Considerations
+
+
+   None.
+
+9.  Security Considerations
+
+
+9.1.  Side-channel leaks
+
+
+   For implementations performing signatures, secrecy of the key is
+   fundamental.  It is possible to protect against some side-channel
+   attacks by ensuring that the implementation executes exactly the same
+   sequence of instructions and performs exactly the same memory
+   accesses, for any value of the secret key.
+
+   To make an implementation side-channel silent in this way, the modulo
+   p arithmetic must not use any data-dependent branches, e.g., related
+   to carry propagation.  Side channel-silent point addition is
+   straight-forward, thanks to the unified formulas.
+
+   Scalar multiplication, multiplying a point by an integer, needs some
+   additional effort to implement in a side-channel silent manner.  One
+   simple approach is to implement a side-channel silent conditional
+   assignment, and use together with the binary algorithm to examine one
+   bit of the integer at a time.
+
+   Note that the example implementation in this document does not
+   attempt to be side-channel silent.
+
+10.  References
+
+
+10.1.  Normative References
+
+
+   [RFC4634]  Eastlake, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
+              (SHA and HMAC-SHA)", RFC 4634, July 2006.
+
+   [I-D.irtf-cfrg-curves]
+              Langley, A., Salz, R., and S. Turner, "Elliptic Curves for
+              Security", draft-irtf-cfrg-curves-01 (work in progress),
+              January 2015.
+
+10.2.  Informative References
+
+
+   [RFC4086]  Eastlake, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker, "Randomness
+              Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086, June 2005.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 18]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+   [EDDSA]    Bernstein, D., Duif, N., Lange, T., Schwabe, P., and B.
+              Yang, "High-speed high-security signatures", WWW
+              http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/ed25519-20110926.pdf, September
+              2011.
+
+   [Faster-ECC]
+              Bernstein, D. and T. Lange, "Faster addition and doubling
+              on elliptic curves", WWW http://eprint.iacr.org/2007/286,
+              July 2007.
+
+   [Edwards-revisited]
+              Hisil, H., Wong, K., Carter, G., and E. Dawson, "Twisted
+              Edwards Curves Revisited", WWW
+              http://eprint.iacr.org/2008/522, December 2008.
+
+   [CURVE25519]
+              Bernstein, D., "Curve25519: new Diffie-Hellman speed
+              records", WWW http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html, February 2006.
+
+   [ED25519-TEST-VECTORS]
+              Bernstein, D., Duif, N., Lange, T., Schwabe, P., and B.
+              Yang, "Ed25519 test vectors", WWW
+              http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/python/sign.input, July 2011.
+
+   [ED25519-LIBGCRYPT-TEST-VECTORS]
+              Koch, W., "Ed25519 Libgcrypt test vectors", WWW
+              http://git.gnupg.org/cgi-
+              bin/gitweb.cgi?p=libgcrypt.git;a=blob;f=tests/t-ed25519.in
+              p;h=e13566f826321eece65e02c593bc7d885b3dbe23;hb=refs/
+              heads/master, July 2014.
+
+Appendix A.  Ed25519 Python Library
+
+
+   Below is an example implementation of Ed25519 written in Python,
+   version 3.2 or higher is required.
+
+# Loosely based on the public domain code at
+# http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/software.html
+#
+# Needs python-3.2
+
+import hashlib
+
+
+def sha512(s):
+    return hashlib.sha512(s).digest()
+
+# Base field Z_p
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 19]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+p = 2**255 - 19
+
+
+def modp_inv(x):
+    return pow(x, p-2, p)
+
+# Curve constant
+d = -121665 * modp_inv(121666) % p
+
+# Group order
+q = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+
+def sha512_modq(s):
+    return int.from_bytes(sha512(s), "little") % q
+
+# Points are represented as tuples (X, Y, Z, T) of extended coordinates,
+# with x = X/Z, y = Y/Z, x*y = T/Z
+
+
+def point_add(P, Q):
+    A = (P[1]-P[0])*(Q[1]-Q[0]) % p
+    B = (P[1]+P[0])*(Q[1]+Q[0]) % p
+    C = 2 * P[3] * Q[3] * d % p
+    D = 2 * P[2] * Q[2] % p
+    E = B-A
+    F = D-C
+    G = D+C
+    H = B+A
+    return (E*F, G*H, F*G, E*H)
+
+
+# Computes Q = s * Q
+def point_mul(s, P):
+    Q = (0, 1, 1, 0)  # Neutral element
+    while s > 0:
+        # Is there any bit-set predicate?
+        if s & 1:
+            Q = point_add(Q, P)
+        P = point_add(P, P)
+        s >>= 1
+    return Q
+
+
+def point_equal(P, Q):
+    # x1 / z1 == x2 / z2  <==>  x1 * z2 == x2 * z1
+    if (P[0] * Q[2] - Q[0] * P[2]) % p != 0:
+        return False
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 20]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+    if (P[1] * Q[2] - Q[1] * P[2]) % p != 0:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+# Square root of -1
+modp_sqrt_m1 = pow(2, (p-1) // 4, p)
+
+
+# Compute corresponding x coordinate, with low bit corresponding to sign,
+# or return None on failure
+def recover_x(y, sign):
+    x2 = (y*y-1) * modp_inv(d*y*y+1)
+    if x2 == 0:
+        if sign:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    # Compute square root of x2
+    x = pow(x2, (p+3) // 8, p)
+    if (x*x - x2) % p != 0:
+        x = x * modp_sqrt_m1 % p
+    if (x*x - x2) % p != 0:
+        return None
+
+    if (x & 1) != sign:
+        x = p - x
+    return x
+
+# Base point
+g_y = 4 * modp_inv(5) % p
+g_x = recover_x(g_y, 0)
+G = (g_x, g_y, 1, g_x * g_y % p)
+
+
+def point_compress(P):
+    zinv = modp_inv(P[2])
+    x = P[0] * zinv % p
+    y = P[1] * zinv % p
+    return int.to_bytes(y | ((x & 1) << 255), 32, "little")
+
+
+def point_decompress(s):
+    if len(s) != 32:
+        raise Exception("Invalid input length for decompression")
+    y = int.from_bytes(s, "little")
+    sign = y >> 255
+    y &= (1 << 255) - 1
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 21]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+    x = recover_x(y, sign)
+    if x is None:
+        return None
+    else:
+        return (x, y, 1, x*y % p)
+
+
+def secret_expand(secret):
+    if len(secret) != 32:
+        raise Exception("Bad size of private key")
+    h = sha512(secret)
+    a = int.from_bytes(h[:32], "little")
+    a &= (1 << 254) - 8
+    a |= (1 << 254)
+    return (a, h[32:])
+
+
+def secret_to_public(secret):
+    (a, dummy) = secret_expand(secret)
+    return point_compress(point_mul(a, G))
+
+
+def sign(secret, msg):
+    a, prefix = secret_expand(secret)
+    A = point_compress(point_mul(a, G))
+    r = sha512_modq(prefix + msg)
+    R = point_mul(r, G)
+    Rs = point_compress(R)
+    h = sha512_modq(Rs + A + msg)
+    s = (r + h * a) % q
+    return Rs + int.to_bytes(s, 32, "little")
+
+
+def verify(public, msg, signature):
+    if len(public) != 32:
+        raise Exception("Bad public-key length")
+    if len(signature) != 64:
+        Exception("Bad signature length")
+    A = point_decompress(public)
+    if not A:
+        return False
+    Rs = signature[:32]
+    R = point_decompress(Rs)
+    if not R:
+        return False
+    s = int.from_bytes(signature[32:], "little")
+    h = sha512_modq(Rs + public + msg)
+    sB = point_mul(s, G)
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 22]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+    hA = point_mul(h, A)
+    return point_equal(sB, point_add(R, hA))
+
+Appendix B.  Library driver
+
+
+   Below is a command-line tool that uses the library above to perform
+   computations, for interactive use or for self-checking.
+
+   import sys
+   import binascii
+
+   from ed25519 import *
+
+   def point_valid(P):
+       zinv = modp_inv(P[2])
+       x = P[0] * zinv % p
+       y = P[1] * zinv % p
+       assert (x*y - P[3]*zinv) % p == 0
+       return (-x*x + y*y - 1 - d*x*x*y*y) % p == 0
+
+   assert point_valid(G)
+   Z = (0, 1, 1, 0)
+   assert point_valid(Z)
+
+   assert point_equal(Z, point_add(Z, Z))
+   assert point_equal(G, point_add(Z, G))
+   assert point_equal(Z, point_mul(0, G))
+   assert point_equal(G, point_mul(1, G))
+   assert point_equal(point_add(G, G), point_mul(2, G))
+   for i in range(0, 100):
+       assert point_valid(point_mul(i, G))
+   assert point_equal(Z, point_mul(q, G))
+
+   def munge_string(s, pos, change):
+       return (s[:pos] +
+               int.to_bytes(s[pos] ^ change, 1, "little") +
+               s[pos+1:])
+
+   # Read a file in the format of
+   # http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/python/sign.input
+   lineno = 0
+   while True:
+       line = sys.stdin.readline()
+       if not line:
+           break
+       lineno = lineno + 1
+       print(lineno)
+       fields = line.split(":")
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 23]
+
+ 
+Internet-Draft               EdDSA & Ed25519               February 2015
+
+
+       secret = (binascii.unhexlify(fields[0]))[:32]
+       public = binascii.unhexlify(fields[1])
+       msg = binascii.unhexlify(fields[2])
+       signature = binascii.unhexlify(fields[3])[:64]
+
+       assert public == secret_to_public(secret)
+       assert signature == sign(secret, msg)
+       assert verify(public, msg, signature)
+       if len(msg) == 0:
+           bad_msg = b"x"
+       else:
+           bad_msg = munge_string(msg, len(msg) // 3, 4)
+       assert not verify(public, bad_msg, signature)
+       bad_signature = munge_string(signature, 20, 8)
+       assert not verify(public, msg, bad_signature)
+       bad_signature = munge_string(signature, 40, 16)
+       assert not verify(public, msg, bad_signature)
+
+Authors' Addresses
+
+   Simon Josefsson
+   SJD AB
+
+   Email: simon@josefsson.org
+   URI:   http://josefsson.org/
+
+
+   Niels Moeller
+
+   Email: nisse@lysator.liu.se
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Josefsson & Moeller      Expires August 26, 2015               [Page 24]
+
+
+
+Html markup produced by rfcmarkup 1.113, available from https://tools.ietf.org/tools/rfcmarkup/  
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/Makefile.am b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..894c371a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT = \
+	sodium.h \
+	sodium/core.h \
+	sodium/crypto_aead_chacha20poly1305.h \
+	sodium/crypto_auth.h \
+	sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha256.h \
+	sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha512.h \
+	sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha512256.h \
+	sodium/crypto_box.h \
+	sodium/crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305.h \
+	sodium/crypto_core_hsalsa20.h \
+	sodium/crypto_core_salsa20.h \
+	sodium/crypto_core_salsa2012.h \
+	sodium/crypto_core_salsa208.h \
+	sodium/crypto_generichash.h \
+	sodium/crypto_generichash_blake2b.h \
+	sodium/crypto_hash.h \
+	sodium/crypto_hash_sha256.h \
+	sodium/crypto_hash_sha512.h \
+	sodium/crypto_onetimeauth.h \
+	sodium/crypto_onetimeauth_poly1305.h \
+	sodium/crypto_pwhash_scryptsalsa208sha256.h \
+	sodium/crypto_scalarmult.h \
+	sodium/crypto_scalarmult_curve25519.h \
+	sodium/crypto_secretbox.h \
+	sodium/crypto_secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305.h \
+	sodium/crypto_shorthash.h \
+	sodium/crypto_shorthash_siphash24.h \
+	sodium/crypto_sign.h \
+	sodium/crypto_sign_ed25519.h \
+	sodium/crypto_sign_edwards25519sha512batch.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_aes128ctr.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_chacha20.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_salsa20.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_salsa2012.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_salsa208.h \
+	sodium/crypto_stream_xsalsa20.h \
+	sodium/crypto_int32.h \
+	sodium/crypto_int64.h \
+	sodium/crypto_uint16.h \
+	sodium/crypto_uint32.h \
+	sodium/crypto_uint64.h \
+	sodium/crypto_uint8.h \
+	sodium/crypto_verify_16.h \
+	sodium/crypto_verify_32.h \
+	sodium/crypto_verify_64.h \
+	sodium/export.h \
+	sodium/randombytes.h \
+	sodium/randombytes_salsa20_random.h \
+	sodium/randombytes_sysrandom.h \
+	sodium/runtime.h \
+	sodium/utils.h
+
+EXTRA_SRC = $(SODIUM_EXPORT) \
+	sodium/version.h.in
+
+nobase_include_HEADERS = $(SODIUM_EXPORT)
+
+nobase_nodist_include_HEADERS = \
+	sodium/version.h
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/libsodium_LICENSE b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/libsodium_LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3edb000f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/libsodium_LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2015
+ * Frank Denis <j at pureftpd dot org>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..207bdedeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+#ifndef sodium_H
+#define sodium_H
+
+#include "sodium/core.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_aead_chacha20poly1305.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_auth.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha256.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha512.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_auth_hmacsha512256.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_box.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_core_hsalsa20.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_core_salsa20.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_core_salsa2012.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_core_salsa208.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_generichash.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_generichash_blake2b.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_hash.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_hash_sha256.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_onetimeauth.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_onetimeauth_poly1305.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_pwhash_scryptsalsa208sha256.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_scalarmult.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_scalarmult_curve25519.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_secretbox.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_shorthash.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_shorthash_siphash24.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_sign.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_sign_ed25519.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_aes128ctr.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_chacha20.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_salsa20.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_salsa2012.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_salsa208.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_stream_xsalsa20.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_verify_16.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_verify_32.h"
+#include "sodium/crypto_verify_64.h"
+#include "sodium/randombytes.h"
+#include "sodium/randombytes_salsa20_random.h"
+#include "sodium/randombytes_sysrandom.h"
+#include "sodium/runtime.h"
+#include "sodium/utils.h"
+#include "sodium/version.h"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int32.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a22019d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_int32_H
+#define crypto_int32_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef int32_t crypto_int32;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int64.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int64.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f68a28361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_int64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_int64_H
+#define crypto_int64_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef int64_t crypto_int64;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint16.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint16.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6be4e347c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint16.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_uint16_H
+#define crypto_uint16_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef uint16_t crypto_uint16;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint32.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba66cecc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_uint32_H
+#define crypto_uint32_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef uint32_t crypto_uint32;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint64.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint64.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98b3f6d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_uint64_H
+#define crypto_uint64_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef uint64_t crypto_uint64;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint8.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint8.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..789613ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_uint8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef crypto_uint8_H
+#define crypto_uint8_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef uint8_t crypto_uint8;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_verify_32.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_verify_32.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58e4d0e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/crypto_verify_32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef crypto_verify_32_H
+#define crypto_verify_32_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "export.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define crypto_verify_32_BYTES 32U
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+size_t crypto_verify_32_bytes(void);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+int crypto_verify_32(const unsigned char *x, const unsigned char *y);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/randombytes.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/randombytes.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08aff0525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/include/sodium/randombytes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+
+#ifndef randombytes_H
+#define randombytes_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "export.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+# if __GNUC__
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
+# endif
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct randombytes_implementation {
+    const char *(*implementation_name)(void); /* required */
+    uint32_t    (*random)(void);              /* required */
+    void        (*stir)(void);                /* optional */
+    uint32_t    (*uniform)(const uint32_t upper_bound); /* optional, a default implementation will be used if NULL */
+    void        (*buf)(void * const buf, const size_t size); /* required */
+    int         (*close)(void);               /* optional */
+} randombytes_implementation;
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+void randombytes_buf(void * const buf, const size_t size);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+uint32_t randombytes_random(void);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+uint32_t randombytes_uniform(const uint32_t upper_bound);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+void randombytes_stir(void);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+int randombytes_close(void);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+int randombytes_set_implementation(randombytes_implementation *impl);
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+const char *randombytes_implementation_name(void);
+
+/* -- NaCl compatibility interface -- */
+
+SODIUM_EXPORT
+void randombytes(unsigned char * const buf, const unsigned long long buf_len);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/randombytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/randombytes.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa7d42149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/randombytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* it's really stupid that there isn't a syscall for this */
+
+static int ed25519_random_fd = -1;
+
+static inline void ed25519_randombytes(unsigned char *x,unsigned long long xlen)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  if (ed25519_random_fd == -1) {
+    for (;;) {
+      ed25519_random_fd = open("/dev/urandom",O_RDONLY);
+      if (ed25519_random_fd != -1) break;
+      sleep(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (xlen > 0) {
+    if (xlen < 1048576) i = xlen; else i = 1048576;
+
+    i = read(ed25519_random_fd,x,i);
+    if (i < 1) {
+      sleep(1);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    x += i;
+    xlen -= i;
+  }
+}
+
+#else
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+
+static inline void ed25519_randombytes(unsigned char *x,unsigned long long xlen)
+{
+  HCRYPTPROV prov = 0;
+
+  CryptAcquireContextW(&prov, NULL, NULL,
+    PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_SILENT);
+
+  CryptGenRandom(prov, xlen, x);
+  CryptReleaseContext(prov, 0);
+}
+
+#endif /* _WIN32  */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/Makefile b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b0ba7ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+all: d.h d2.h sqrtm1.h base.h base2.h \
+ge_add.h ge_sub.h \
+ge_madd.h ge_msub.h \
+ge_p2_dbl.h \
+pow225521.h pow22523.h
+
+d.h: d.py
+	python d.py > d.h
+
+d2.h: d2.py
+	python d2.py > d2.h
+
+sqrtm1.h: sqrtm1.py
+	python sqrtm1.py > sqrtm1.h
+
+base.h: base.py
+	python base.py > base.h
+
+base2.h: base2.py
+	python base2.py > base2.h
+
+ge_add.h: ge_add.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < ge_add.q > ge_add.h
+
+ge_sub.h: ge_sub.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < ge_sub.q > ge_sub.h
+
+ge_madd.h: ge_madd.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < ge_madd.q > ge_madd.h
+
+ge_msub.h: ge_msub.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < ge_msub.q > ge_msub.h
+
+ge_p2_dbl.h: ge_p2_dbl.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < ge_p2_dbl.q > ge_p2_dbl.h
+
+pow22523.h: pow22523.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < pow22523.q > pow22523.h
+
+pow225521.h: pow225521.q q2h.sh
+	./q2h.sh < pow225521.q > pow225521.h
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/api.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/api.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d88dae0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define CRYPTO_SECRETKEYBYTES 64
+#define CRYPTO_PUBLICKEYBYTES 32
+#define CRYPTO_BYTES 64
+#define CRYPTO_DETERMINISTIC 1
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573bd8a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1344 @@
+{
+ {
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+{
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+ },
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+  { -29663431,-15113610,32259991,-344482,24295849,-12912123,23161163,8839127,27485041,7356032 },
+ },
+},
+{
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+  { 29262576,16756590,26350592,-8793563,8529671,-11208050,13617293,-9937143,11465739,8317062 },
+ },
+ {
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+  { -24496721,-11716016,16959896,2278463,12066309,10137771,13515641,2581286,-28487508,9930240 },
+ },
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+  { -33229194,2553288,32678213,9875984,8534129,6889387,-9676774,6957617,4368891,9788741 },
+  { 16660756,7281060,-10830758,12911820,20108584,-8101676,-21722536,-8613148,16250552,-11111103 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -19765507,2390526,-16551031,14161980,1905286,6414907,4689584,10604807,-30190403,4782747 },
+  { -1354539,14736941,-7367442,-13292886,7710542,-14155590,-9981571,4383045,22546403,437323 },
+  { 31665577,-12180464,-16186830,1491339,-18368625,3294682,27343084,2786261,-30633590,-14097016 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -14467279,-683715,-33374107,7448552,19294360,14334329,-19690631,2355319,-19284671,-6114373 },
+  { 15121312,-15796162,6377020,-6031361,-10798111,-12957845,18952177,15496498,-29380133,11754228 },
+  { -2637277,-13483075,8488727,-14303896,12728761,-1622493,7141596,11724556,22761615,-10134141 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 16918416,11729663,-18083579,3022987,-31015732,-13339659,-28741185,-12227393,32851222,11717399 },
+  { 11166634,7338049,-6722523,4531520,-29468672,-7302055,31474879,3483633,-1193175,-4030831 },
+  { -185635,9921305,31456609,-13536438,-12013818,13348923,33142652,6546660,-19985279,-3948376 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -32460596,11266712,-11197107,-7899103,31703694,3855903,-8537131,-12833048,-30772034,-15486313 },
+  { -18006477,12709068,3991746,-6479188,-21491523,-10550425,-31135347,-16049879,10928917,3011958 },
+  { -6957757,-15594337,31696059,334240,29576716,14796075,-30831056,-12805180,18008031,10258577 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22448644,15655569,7018479,-4410003,-30314266,-1201591,-1853465,1367120,25127874,6671743 },
+  { 29701166,-14373934,-10878120,9279288,-17568,13127210,21382910,11042292,25838796,4642684 },
+  { -20430234,14955537,-24126347,8124619,-5369288,-5990470,30468147,-13900640,18423289,4177476 },
+ },
+},
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84accc858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+b = 256
+q = 2**255 - 19
+l = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+
+def xrecover(y):
+  xx = (y*y-1) * inv(d*y*y+1)
+  x = expmod(xx,(q+3)/8,q)
+  if (x*x - xx) % q != 0: x = (x*I) % q
+  if x % 2 != 0: x = q-x
+  return x
+
+By = 4 * inv(5)
+Bx = xrecover(By)
+B = [Bx % q,By % q]
+
+def edwards(P,Q):
+  x1 = P[0]
+  y1 = P[1]
+  x2 = Q[0]
+  y2 = Q[1]
+  x3 = (x1*y2+x2*y1) * inv(1+d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  y3 = (y1*y2+x1*x2) * inv(1-d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  return [x3 % q,y3 % q]
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+Bi = B
+for i in range(32):
+  print "{"
+  Bij = Bi
+  for j in range(8):
+    print " {"
+    print "  {",radix255(Bij[1]+Bij[0]),"},"
+    print "  {",radix255(Bij[1]-Bij[0]),"},"
+    print "  {",radix255(2*d*Bij[0]*Bij[1]),"},"
+    Bij = edwards(Bij,Bi)
+    print " },"
+  print "},"
+  for k in range(8):
+    Bi = edwards(Bi,Bi)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c538440f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+ {
+  { 25967493,-14356035,29566456,3660896,-12694345,4014787,27544626,-11754271,-6079156,2047605 },
+  { -12545711,934262,-2722910,3049990,-727428,9406986,12720692,5043384,19500929,-15469378 },
+  { -8738181,4489570,9688441,-14785194,10184609,-12363380,29287919,11864899,-24514362,-4438546 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15636291,-9688557,24204773,-7912398,616977,-16685262,27787600,-14772189,28944400,-1550024 },
+  { 16568933,4717097,-11556148,-1102322,15682896,-11807043,16354577,-11775962,7689662,11199574 },
+  { 30464156,-5976125,-11779434,-15670865,23220365,15915852,7512774,10017326,-17749093,-9920357 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 10861363,11473154,27284546,1981175,-30064349,12577861,32867885,14515107,-15438304,10819380 },
+  { 4708026,6336745,20377586,9066809,-11272109,6594696,-25653668,12483688,-12668491,5581306 },
+  { 19563160,16186464,-29386857,4097519,10237984,-4348115,28542350,13850243,-23678021,-15815942 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 5153746,9909285,1723747,-2777874,30523605,5516873,19480852,5230134,-23952439,-15175766 },
+  { -30269007,-3463509,7665486,10083793,28475525,1649722,20654025,16520125,30598449,7715701 },
+  { 28881845,14381568,9657904,3680757,-20181635,7843316,-31400660,1370708,29794553,-1409300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22518993,-6692182,14201702,-8745502,-23510406,8844726,18474211,-1361450,-13062696,13821877 },
+  { -6455177,-7839871,3374702,-4740862,-27098617,-10571707,31655028,-7212327,18853322,-14220951 },
+  { 4566830,-12963868,-28974889,-12240689,-7602672,-2830569,-8514358,-10431137,2207753,-3209784 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -25154831,-4185821,29681144,7868801,-6854661,-9423865,-12437364,-663000,-31111463,-16132436 },
+  { 25576264,-2703214,7349804,-11814844,16472782,9300885,3844789,15725684,171356,6466918 },
+  { 23103977,13316479,9739013,-16149481,817875,-15038942,8965339,-14088058,-30714912,16193877 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -33521811,3180713,-2394130,14003687,-16903474,-16270840,17238398,4729455,-18074513,9256800 },
+  { -25182317,-4174131,32336398,5036987,-21236817,11360617,22616405,9761698,-19827198,630305 },
+  { -13720693,2639453,-24237460,-7406481,9494427,-5774029,-6554551,-15960994,-2449256,-14291300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -3151181,-5046075,9282714,6866145,-31907062,-863023,-18940575,15033784,25105118,-7894876 },
+  { -24326370,15950226,-31801215,-14592823,-11662737,-5090925,1573892,-2625887,2198790,-15804619 },
+  { -3099351,10324967,-2241613,7453183,-5446979,-2735503,-13812022,-16236442,-32461234,-12290683 },
+ },
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e4e8739d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/base2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+b = 256
+q = 2**255 - 19
+l = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+
+def xrecover(y):
+  xx = (y*y-1) * inv(d*y*y+1)
+  x = expmod(xx,(q+3)/8,q)
+  if (x*x - xx) % q != 0: x = (x*I) % q
+  if x % 2 != 0: x = q-x
+  return x
+
+By = 4 * inv(5)
+Bx = xrecover(By)
+B = [Bx % q,By % q]
+
+def edwards(P,Q):
+  x1 = P[0]
+  y1 = P[1]
+  x2 = Q[0]
+  y2 = Q[1]
+  x3 = (x1*y2+x2*y1) * inv(1+d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  y3 = (y1*y2+x1*x2) * inv(1-d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  return [x3 % q,y3 % q]
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+Bi = B
+
+for i in range(8):
+  print " {"
+  print "  {",radix255(Bi[1]+Bi[0]),"},"
+  print "  {",radix255(Bi[1]-Bi[0]),"},"
+  print "  {",radix255(2*d*Bi[0]*Bi[1]),"},"
+  print " },"
+  Bi = edwards(B,edwards(B,Bi))
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e25f57835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-10913610,13857413,-15372611,6949391,114729,-8787816,-6275908,-3247719,-18696448,-12055116
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8995bb86a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+print radix255(d)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01aaec751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-21827239,-5839606,-30745221,13898782,229458,15978800,-12551817,-6495438,29715968,9444199
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79841758b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/d2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+print radix255(d*2)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/description b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/description
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbfcb2cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/description
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+EdDSA signatures using Curve25519
+from http://hyperelliptic.org/ebats/supercop-20141124.tar.bz2
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/designers b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/designers
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a3a93a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/designers
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Daniel J. Bernstein
+Niels Duif
+Tanja Lange
+Peter Schwabe
+Bo-Yin Yang
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60c308ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef FE_H
+#define FE_H
+
+#include "crypto_int32.h"
+
+typedef crypto_int32 fe[10];
+
+/*
+fe means field element.
+Here the field is \Z/(2^255-19).
+An element t, entries t[0]...t[9], represents the integer
+t[0]+2^26 t[1]+2^51 t[2]+2^77 t[3]+2^102 t[4]+...+2^230 t[9].
+Bounds on each t[i] vary depending on context.
+*/
+
+#define fe_frombytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_frombytes
+#define fe_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_tobytes
+#define fe_copy crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_copy
+#define fe_isnonzero crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_isnonzero
+#define fe_isnegative crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_isnegative
+#define fe_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_0
+#define fe_1 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_1
+#define fe_cswap crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_cswap
+#define fe_cmov crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_cmov
+#define fe_add crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_add
+#define fe_sub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sub
+#define fe_neg crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_neg
+#define fe_mul crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_mul
+#define fe_sq crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sq
+#define fe_sq2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sq2
+#define fe_mul121666 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_mul121666
+#define fe_invert crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_invert
+#define fe_pow22523 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_pow22523
+
+extern void fe_frombytes(fe,const unsigned char *);
+extern void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *,const fe);
+
+extern void fe_copy(fe,const fe);
+extern int fe_isnonzero(const fe);
+extern int fe_isnegative(const fe);
+extern void fe_0(fe);
+extern void fe_1(fe);
+extern void fe_cswap(fe,fe,unsigned int);
+extern void fe_cmov(fe,const fe,unsigned int);
+
+extern void fe_add(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sub(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_neg(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_mul(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sq(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sq2(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_mul121666(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_invert(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_pow22523(fe,const fe);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec879d733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = 0
+*/
+
+void fe_0(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 0;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_1.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cf778484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = 1
+*/
+
+void fe_1(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 1;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_add.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6a81da20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f + g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_add(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = f0 + g0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = f1 + g1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = f2 + g2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = f3 + g3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = f4 + g4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = f5 + g5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = f6 + g6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = f7 + g7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = f8 + g8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = f9 + g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_cmov.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_cmov.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ca584fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_cmov.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+Replace (f,g) with (g,g) if b == 1;
+replace (f,g) with (f,g) if b == 0.
+
+Preconditions: b in {0,1}.
+*/
+
+void fe_cmov(fe f,const fe g,unsigned int b)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 x0 = f0 ^ g0;
+  crypto_int32 x1 = f1 ^ g1;
+  crypto_int32 x2 = f2 ^ g2;
+  crypto_int32 x3 = f3 ^ g3;
+  crypto_int32 x4 = f4 ^ g4;
+  crypto_int32 x5 = f5 ^ g5;
+  crypto_int32 x6 = f6 ^ g6;
+  crypto_int32 x7 = f7 ^ g7;
+  crypto_int32 x8 = f8 ^ g8;
+  crypto_int32 x9 = f9 ^ g9;
+  b = -b;
+  x0 &= b;
+  x1 &= b;
+  x2 &= b;
+  x3 &= b;
+  x4 &= b;
+  x5 &= b;
+  x6 &= b;
+  x7 &= b;
+  x8 &= b;
+  x9 &= b;
+  f[0] = f0 ^ x0;
+  f[1] = f1 ^ x1;
+  f[2] = f2 ^ x2;
+  f[3] = f3 ^ x3;
+  f[4] = f4 ^ x4;
+  f[5] = f5 ^ x5;
+  f[6] = f6 ^ x6;
+  f[7] = f7 ^ x7;
+  f[8] = f8 ^ x8;
+  f[9] = f9 ^ x9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_copy.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_copy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c5bf865a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_copy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f
+*/
+
+void fe_copy(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  h[0] = f0;
+  h[1] = f1;
+  h[2] = f2;
+  h[3] = f3;
+  h[4] = f4;
+  h[5] = f5;
+  h[6] = f6;
+  h[7] = f7;
+  h[8] = f8;
+  h[9] = f9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_frombytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_frombytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c1791748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_frombytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Ignores top bit of h.
+*/
+
+void fe_frombytes(fe h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  crypto_int64 h0 = load_4(s);
+  crypto_int64 h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  crypto_int64 h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_invert.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_invert.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcfdb8ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_invert.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+void fe_invert(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  fe t3;
+  int i;
+
+#include "pow225521.h"
+
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnegative.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnegative.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b2c8b8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnegative.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+return 1 if f is in {1,3,5,...,q-2}
+return 0 if f is in {0,2,4,...,q-1}
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+int fe_isnegative(const fe f)
+{
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s,f);
+  return s[0] & 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnonzero.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnonzero.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47568001c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_isnonzero.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_verify_32.h"
+
+/*
+return 1 if f == 0
+return 0 if f != 0
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char zero[32];
+
+int fe_isnonzero(const fe f)
+{
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s,f);
+  return crypto_verify_32(s,zero);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_mul.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_mul.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26ca8b368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_mul.c
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = f * g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+Notes on implementation strategy:
+
+Using schoolbook multiplication.
+Karatsuba would save a little in some cost models.
+
+Most multiplications by 2 and 19 are 32-bit precomputations;
+cheaper than 64-bit postcomputations.
+
+There is one remaining multiplication by 19 in the carry chain;
+one *19 precomputation can be merged into this,
+but the resulting data flow is considerably less clean.
+
+There are 12 carries below.
+10 of them are 2-way parallelizable and vectorizable.
+Can get away with 11 carries, but then data flow is much deeper.
+
+With tighter constraints on inputs can squeeze carries into int32.
+*/
+
+void fe_mul(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 g1_19 = 19 * g1; /* 1.959375*2^29 */
+  crypto_int32 g2_19 = 19 * g2; /* 1.959375*2^30; still ok */
+  crypto_int32 g3_19 = 19 * g3;
+  crypto_int32 g4_19 = 19 * g4;
+  crypto_int32 g5_19 = 19 * g5;
+  crypto_int32 g6_19 = 19 * g6;
+  crypto_int32 g7_19 = 19 * g7;
+  crypto_int32 g8_19 = 19 * g8;
+  crypto_int32 g9_19 = 19 * g9;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f9_2 = 2 * f9;
+  crypto_int64 f0g0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f0g1    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f0g2    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f0g3    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f0g4    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f0g5    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f0g6    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f0g7    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f0g8    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g8;
+  crypto_int64 f0g9    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g9;
+  crypto_int64 f1g0    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f1g1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f1g2    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f1g3_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f1g4    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f1g5_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f1g6    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f1g7_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f1g8    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g8;
+  crypto_int64 f1g9_38 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2g0    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f2g1    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f2g2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f2g3    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f2g4    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f2g5    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f2g6    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f2g7    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f2g8_19 = f2   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2g9_19 = f2   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g0    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f3g1_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f3g2    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f3g3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f3g4    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f3g5_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f3g6    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f3g7_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g8_19 = f3   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g9_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g0    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f4g1    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f4g2    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f4g3    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f4g4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f4g5    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f4g6_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g7_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g8_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g9_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g0    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f5g1_2  = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f5g2    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f5g3_2  = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f5g4    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f5g5_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g6_19 = f5   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g7_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g8_19 = f5   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g9_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g0    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f6g1    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f6g2    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f6g3    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f6g4_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g5_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g7_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g8_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g9_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g0    = f7   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f7g1_2  = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f7g2    = f7   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f7g3_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g4_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g5_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g6_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g7_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g8_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g9_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g0    = f8   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f8g1    = f8   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f8g2_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g3_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g4_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g5_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g6_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g7_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g9_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g0    = f9   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f9g1_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g1_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g2_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g3_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g4_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g5_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g6_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g7_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g8_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g9_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0g0+f1g9_38+f2g8_19+f3g7_38+f4g6_19+f5g5_38+f6g4_19+f7g3_38+f8g2_19+f9g1_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0g1+f1g0   +f2g9_19+f3g8_19+f4g7_19+f5g6_19+f6g5_19+f7g4_19+f8g3_19+f9g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0g2+f1g1_2 +f2g0   +f3g9_38+f4g8_19+f5g7_38+f6g6_19+f7g5_38+f8g4_19+f9g3_38;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0g3+f1g2   +f2g1   +f3g0   +f4g9_19+f5g8_19+f6g7_19+f7g6_19+f8g5_19+f9g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0g4+f1g3_2 +f2g2   +f3g1_2 +f4g0   +f5g9_38+f6g8_19+f7g7_38+f8g6_19+f9g5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0g5+f1g4   +f2g3   +f3g2   +f4g1   +f5g0   +f6g9_19+f7g8_19+f8g7_19+f9g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0g6+f1g5_2 +f2g4   +f3g3_2 +f4g2   +f5g1_2 +f6g0   +f7g9_38+f8g8_19+f9g7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0g7+f1g6   +f2g5   +f3g4   +f4g3   +f5g2   +f6g1   +f7g0   +f8g9_19+f9g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0g8+f1g7_2 +f2g6   +f3g5_2 +f4g4   +f5g3_2 +f6g2   +f7g1_2 +f8g0   +f9g9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0g9+f1g8   +f2g7   +f3g6   +f4g5   +f5g4   +f6g3   +f7g2   +f8g1   +f9g0   ;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  /*
+  |h0| <= (1.65*1.65*2^52*(1+19+19+19+19)+1.65*1.65*2^50*(38+38+38+38+38))
+    i.e. |h0| <= 1.4*2^60; narrower ranges for h2, h4, h6, h8
+  |h1| <= (1.65*1.65*2^51*(1+1+19+19+19+19+19+19+19+19))
+    i.e. |h1| <= 1.7*2^59; narrower ranges for h3, h5, h7, h9
+  */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  /* |h1| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h5| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h2| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+  /* |h6| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  /* |h2| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h6| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h3| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h7| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  /* |h3| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h7| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h4| <= 1.72*2^34 */
+  /* |h8| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h8| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+  /* |h9| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  /* |h9| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h0| <= 1.1*2^39 */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_neg.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_neg.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2078ce528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_neg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = -f
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_neg(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = -f0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = -f1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = -f2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = -f3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = -f4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = -f5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = -f6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = -f7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = -f8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = -f9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_pow22523.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_pow22523.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56675a590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_pow22523.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+void fe_pow22523(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  int i;
+
+#include "pow22523.h"
+
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dd119841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int64 f0f0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) f0;
+  crypto_int64 f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f9;
+  crypto_int64 f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f3_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f2f2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2f9_38 = f2   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f7_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f9_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f5_38 = f5   * (crypto_int64) f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f7_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f9_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f7_38 = f7   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f8f8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8f9_38 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f9f9_38 = f9   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..026ed3aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sq2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = 2 * f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq2(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int64 f0f0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) f0;
+  crypto_int64 f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f9;
+  crypto_int64 f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f3_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f2f2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2f9_38 = f2   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f7_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f9_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f5_38 = f5   * (crypto_int64) f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f7_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f9_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f7_38 = f7   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f8f8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8f9_38 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f9f9_38 = f9   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  h0 += h0;
+  h1 += h1;
+  h2 += h2;
+  h3 += h3;
+  h4 += h4;
+  h5 += h5;
+  h6 += h6;
+  h7 += h7;
+  h8 += h8;
+  h9 += h9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e26b7df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_sub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f - g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_sub(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = f0 - g0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = f1 - g1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = f2 - g2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = f3 - g3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = f4 - g4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = f5 - g5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = f6 - g6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = f7 - g7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = f8 - g8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = f9 - g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a63baf9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/fe_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+Preconditions:
+  |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+
+Write p=2^255-19; q=floor(h/p).
+Basic claim: q = floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25)h9 + 2^(-1))).
+
+Proof:
+  Have |h|<=p so |q|<=1 so |19^2 2^(-255) q|<1/4.
+  Also have |h-2^230 h9|<2^231 so |19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9)|<1/4.
+
+  Write y=2^(-1)-19^2 2^(-255)q-19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9).
+  Then 0<y<1.
+
+  Write r=h-pq.
+  Have 0<=r<=p-1=2^255-20.
+  Thus 0<=r+19(2^-255)r<r+19(2^-255)2^255<=2^255-1.
+
+  Write x=r+19(2^-255)r+y.
+  Then 0<x<2^255 so floor(2^(-255)x) = 0 so floor(q+2^(-255)x) = q.
+
+  Have q+2^(-255)x = 2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))
+  so floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))) = q.
+*/
+
+void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const fe h)
+{
+  crypto_int32 h0 = h[0];
+  crypto_int32 h1 = h[1];
+  crypto_int32 h2 = h[2];
+  crypto_int32 h3 = h[3];
+  crypto_int32 h4 = h[4];
+  crypto_int32 h5 = h[5];
+  crypto_int32 h6 = h[6];
+  crypto_int32 h7 = h[7];
+  crypto_int32 h8 = h[8];
+  crypto_int32 h9 = h[9];
+  crypto_int32 q;
+  crypto_int32 carry0;
+  crypto_int32 carry1;
+  crypto_int32 carry2;
+  crypto_int32 carry3;
+  crypto_int32 carry4;
+  crypto_int32 carry5;
+  crypto_int32 carry6;
+  crypto_int32 carry7;
+  crypto_int32 carry8;
+  crypto_int32 carry9;
+
+  q = (19 * h9 + (((crypto_int32) 1) << 24)) >> 25;
+  q = (h0 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h1 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h2 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h3 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h4 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h5 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h6 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h7 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h8 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h9 + q) >> 25;
+
+  /* Goal: Output h-(2^255-19)q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+  h0 += 19 * q;
+  /* Goal: Output h-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+
+  carry0 = h0 >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry1 = h1 >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry2 = h2 >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry3 = h3 >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry4 = h4 >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry5 = h5 >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry6 = h6 >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry7 = h7 >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  carry8 = h8 >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  carry9 = h9 >> 25;               h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+                  /* h10 = carry9 */
+
+  /*
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^255 h10-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20.
+  Have h0+...+2^230 h9 between 0 and 2^255-1;
+  evidently 2^255 h10-2^255 q = 0.
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^230 h9.
+  */
+
+  s[0] = h0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = h0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = h0 >> 16;
+  s[3] = (h0 >> 24) | (h1 << 2);
+  s[4] = h1 >> 6;
+  s[5] = h1 >> 14;
+  s[6] = (h1 >> 22) | (h2 << 3);
+  s[7] = h2 >> 5;
+  s[8] = h2 >> 13;
+  s[9] = (h2 >> 21) | (h3 << 5);
+  s[10] = h3 >> 3;
+  s[11] = h3 >> 11;
+  s[12] = (h3 >> 19) | (h4 << 6);
+  s[13] = h4 >> 2;
+  s[14] = h4 >> 10;
+  s[15] = h4 >> 18;
+  s[16] = h5 >> 0;
+  s[17] = h5 >> 8;
+  s[18] = h5 >> 16;
+  s[19] = (h5 >> 24) | (h6 << 1);
+  s[20] = h6 >> 7;
+  s[21] = h6 >> 15;
+  s[22] = (h6 >> 23) | (h7 << 3);
+  s[23] = h7 >> 5;
+  s[24] = h7 >> 13;
+  s[25] = (h7 >> 21) | (h8 << 4);
+  s[26] = h8 >> 4;
+  s[27] = h8 >> 12;
+  s[28] = (h8 >> 20) | (h9 << 6);
+  s[29] = h9 >> 2;
+  s[30] = h9 >> 10;
+  s[31] = h9 >> 18;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55e95f95b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#ifndef GE_H
+#define GE_H
+
+/*
+ge means group element.
+
+Here the group is the set of pairs (x,y) of field elements (see fe.h)
+satisfying -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + d x^2y^2
+where d = -121665/121666.
+
+Representations:
+  ge_p2 (projective): (X:Y:Z) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z
+  ge_p3 (extended): (X:Y:Z:T) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z, XY=ZT
+  ge_p1p1 (completed): ((X:Z),(Y:T)) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/T
+  ge_precomp (Duif): (y+x,y-x,2dxy)
+*/
+
+#include "fe.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+} ge_p2;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p3;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p1p1;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe yplusx;
+  fe yminusx;
+  fe xy2d;
+} ge_precomp;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe YplusX;
+  fe YminusX;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T2d;
+} ge_cached;
+
+#define ge_frombytes_negate_vartime crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_frombytes_negate_vartime
+#define ge_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_tobytes
+#define ge_p3_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_tobytes
+
+#define ge_p2_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p2_0
+#define ge_p3_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_0
+#define ge_precomp_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_precomp_0
+#define ge_p3_to_p2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_to_p2
+#define ge_p3_to_cached crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_to_cached
+#define ge_p1p1_to_p2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p1p1_to_p2
+#define ge_p1p1_to_p3 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p1p1_to_p3
+#define ge_p2_dbl crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p2_dbl
+#define ge_p3_dbl crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_dbl
+
+#define ge_madd crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_madd
+#define ge_msub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_msub
+#define ge_add crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_add
+#define ge_sub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_sub
+#define ge_scalarmult_base crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_scalarmult_base
+#define ge_double_scalarmult_vartime crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_double_scalarmult_vartime
+
+extern void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *,const ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern int ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+
+extern void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *,const ge_p1p1 *);
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *,const ge_p1p1 *);
+extern void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *);
+
+extern void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_cached *);
+extern void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_cached *);
+extern void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+extern void ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(ge_p2 *,const unsigned char *,const ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da7ff5d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_add.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7481f8ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_add */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ZZ */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*YpX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<YpX2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<YpX2=q->YplusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YplusX);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*YmX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<YmX2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<YmX2=q->YminusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YminusX);
+
+/* qhasm: C = T2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<T2d2=fe#18,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<T2d2=q->T2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: ZZ = Z1*Z2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>ZZ=fe#1,<Z1=fe#13,<Z2=fe#17); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>ZZ=r->X,<Z1=p->Z,<Z2=q->Z); */
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*ZZ */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<ZZ=fe#1,<ZZ=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<ZZ=r->X,<ZZ=r->X); */
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6572ab0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_add.q
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->YplusX:q->YminusX:q->Z:q->T2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>YpX2=fe#15:>YmX2=fe#16:>Z2=fe#17:>T2d2=fe#18:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_add
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe Z2
+fe T1
+fe ZZ
+fe YpX2
+fe YmX2
+fe T2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*YpX2
+B = YmX1*YmX2
+C = T2d2*T1
+ZZ = Z1*Z2
+D = 2*ZZ
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D+C
+T3 = D-C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_double_scalarmult.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_double_scalarmult.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8bf4bf77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_double_scalarmult.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+static void slide(signed char *r,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  int i;
+  int b;
+  int k;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    r[i] = 1 & (a[i >> 3] >> (i & 7));
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    if (r[i]) {
+      for (b = 1;b <= 6 && i + b < 256;++b) {
+        if (r[i + b]) {
+          if (r[i] + (r[i + b] << b) <= 15) {
+            r[i] += r[i + b] << b; r[i + b] = 0;
+          } else if (r[i] - (r[i + b] << b) >= -15) {
+            r[i] -= r[i + b] << b;
+            for (k = i + b;k < 256;++k) {
+              if (!r[k]) {
+                r[k] = 1;
+                break;
+              }
+              r[k] = 0;
+            }
+          } else
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+}
+
+static ge_precomp Bi[8] = {
+#include "base2.h"
+} ;
+
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+
+void ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(ge_p2 *r,const unsigned char *a,const ge_p3 *A,const unsigned char *b)
+{
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* A,3A,5A,7A,9A,11A,13A,15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  ge_p3 A2;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide,a);
+  slide(bslide,b);
+
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0],A);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t,A); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&A2,&t);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[1],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[2],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[3],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[4],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[5],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[6],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[7],&u);
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255;i >= 0;--i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (;i >= 0;--i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t,r);
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_add(&t,&u,&Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_sub(&t,&u,&Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_madd(&t,&u,&Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_msub(&t,&u,&Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r,&t);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_frombytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_frombytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a059ee93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_frombytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+static const fe d = {
+#include "d.h"
+} ;
+
+static const fe sqrtm1 = {
+#include "sqrtm1.h"
+} ;
+
+int ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe v3;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+
+  fe_frombytes(h->Y,s);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u,h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v,u,d);
+  fe_sub(u,u,h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v,v,h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+
+  fe_sq(v3,v);
+  fe_mul(v3,v3,v);        /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^7 */
+
+  fe_pow22523(h->X,h->X); /* x = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+
+  fe_sq(vxx,h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx,vxx,v);
+  fe_sub(check,vxx,u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check,vxx,u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) return -1;
+    fe_mul(h->X,h->X,sqrtm1);
+  }
+
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) == (s[31] >> 7))
+    fe_neg(h->X,h->X);
+
+  fe_mul(h->T,h->X,h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..622571774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_madd.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecae84952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_madd */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ypx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ymx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe xy2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*ypx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<ypx2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<ypx2=q->yplusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yplusx);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*ymx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<ymx2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<ymx2=q->yminusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yminusx);
+
+/* qhasm: C = xy2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<xy2d2=fe#17,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<xy2d2=q->xy2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*Z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<Z1=fe#13,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<Z1=p->Z,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa3db454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_madd.q
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->yplusx:q->yminusx:q->xy2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>ypx2=fe#15:>ymx2=fe#16:>xy2d2=fe#17:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_madd
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe T1
+fe ypx2
+fe ymx2
+fe xy2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*ypx2
+B = YmX1*ymx2
+C = xy2d2*T1
+D = 2*Z1
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D+C
+T3 = D-C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741ecbf11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_msub.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..500f986ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_msub */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ypx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ymx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe xy2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*ymx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<ymx2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<ymx2=q->yminusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yminusx);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*ypx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<ypx2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<ypx2=q->yplusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yplusx);
+
+/* qhasm: C = xy2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<xy2d2=fe#17,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<xy2d2=q->xy2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*Z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<Z1=fe#13,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<Z1=p->Z,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3cadd882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_msub.q
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->yplusx:q->yminusx:q->xy2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>ypx2=fe#15:>ymx2=fe#16:>xy2d2=fe#17:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_msub
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe T1
+fe ypx2
+fe ymx2
+fe xy2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*ymx2
+B = YmX1*ypx2
+C = xy2d2*T1
+D = 2*Z1
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D-C
+T3 = D+C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bb5013d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f57b1096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->T,p->X,p->Y);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6191d1e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e332b5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p2 *p)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_p2_dbl.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..128efed90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_p2_dbl */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe AA */
+
+/* qhasm: fe XX */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YY */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: XX=X1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>XX=fe#1,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>XX=r->X,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sq(r->X,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YY=Y1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>YY=fe#3,<Y1=fe#12); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>YY=r->Z,<Y1=p->Y); */
+fe_sq(r->Z,p->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: B=2*Z1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq2(>B=fe#4,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq2(>B=r->T,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_sq2(r->T,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: A=X1+Y1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>A=fe#2,<X1=fe#11,<Y1=fe#12); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>A=r->Y,<X1=p->X,<Y1=p->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,p->X,p->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: AA=A^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>AA=fe#5,<A=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>AA=t0,<A=r->Y); */
+fe_sq(t0,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3=YY+XX */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<YY=fe#3,<XX=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<YY=r->Z,<XX=r->X); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3=YY-XX */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<YY=fe#3,<XX=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<YY=r->Z,<XX=r->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,r->Z,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3=AA-Y3 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<AA=fe#5,<Y3=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<AA=t0,<Y3=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,t0,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: T3=B-Z3 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<B=fe#4,<Z3=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<B=r->T,<Z3=r->Z); */
+fe_sub(r->T,r->T,r->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..170d42f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p2_dbl.q
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq2(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_p2_dbl
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe A
+fe AA
+fe XX
+fe YY
+fe B
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+
+XX=X1^2
+YY=Y1^2
+B=2*Z1^2
+A=X1+Y1
+AA=A^2
+Y3=YY+XX
+Z3=YY-XX
+X3=AA-Y3
+T3=B-Z3
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..401b2935a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_0(h->T);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_dbl.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_dbl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d8a05915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_dbl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  ge_p2 q;
+  ge_p3_to_p2(&q,p);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r,&q);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_cached.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_cached.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde64228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_cached.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+static const fe d2 = {
+#include "d2.h"
+} ;
+
+extern void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_add(r->YplusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->YminusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->T2d,p->T,d2);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_p2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_p2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e532a9e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_to_p2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_copy(r->X,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Y,p->Y);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21cb2fc65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_p3_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_precomp_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_precomp_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e218861d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_precomp_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *h)
+{
+  fe_1(h->yplusx);
+  fe_1(h->yminusx);
+  fe_0(h->xy2d);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_scalarmult_base.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_scalarmult_base.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..421e4fa0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_scalarmult_base.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+
+static unsigned char equal(signed char b,signed char c)
+{
+  unsigned char ub = b;
+  unsigned char uc = c;
+  unsigned char x = ub ^ uc; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  crypto_uint32 y = x; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  y -= 1; /* 4294967295: yes; 0..254: no */
+  y >>= 31; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return y;
+}
+
+static unsigned char negative(signed char b)
+{
+  unsigned long long x = b; /* 18446744073709551361..18446744073709551615: yes; 0..255: no */
+  x >>= 63; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return x;
+}
+
+static void cmov(ge_precomp *t,ge_precomp *u,unsigned char b)
+{
+  fe_cmov(t->yplusx,u->yplusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->yminusx,u->yminusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->xy2d,u->xy2d,b);
+}
+
+/* base[i][j] = (j+1)*256^i*B */
+static ge_precomp base[32][8] = {
+#include "base.h"
+} ;
+
+static void select(ge_precomp *t,int pos,signed char b)
+{
+  ge_precomp minust;
+  unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+  unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+
+  ge_precomp_0(t);
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][0],equal(babs,1));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][1],equal(babs,2));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][2],equal(babs,3));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][3],equal(babs,4));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][4],equal(babs,5));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][5],equal(babs,6));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][6],equal(babs,7));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][7],equal(babs,8));
+  fe_copy(minust.yplusx,t->yminusx);
+  fe_copy(minust.yminusx,t->yplusx);
+  fe_neg(minust.xy2d,t->xy2d);
+  cmov(t,&minust,bnegative);
+}
+
+/*
+h = a * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31]
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+
+Preconditions:
+  a[31] <= 127
+*/
+
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  signed char e[64];
+  signed char carry;
+  ge_p1p1 r;
+  ge_p2 s;
+  ge_precomp t;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) {
+    e[2 * i + 0] = (a[i] >> 0) & 15;
+    e[2 * i + 1] = (a[i] >> 4) & 15;
+  }
+  /* each e[i] is between 0 and 15 */
+  /* e[63] is between 0 and 7 */
+
+  carry = 0;
+  for (i = 0;i < 63;++i) {
+    e[i] += carry;
+    carry = e[i] + 8;
+    carry >>= 4;
+    e[i] -= carry << 4;
+  }
+  e[63] += carry;
+  /* each e[i] is between -8 and 8 */
+
+  ge_p3_0(h);
+  for (i = 1;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+
+  ge_p3_dbl(&r,h);  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69f3d5406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_sub.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4ef1f5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_sub */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ZZ */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*YmX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<YmX2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<YmX2=q->YminusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YminusX);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*YpX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<YpX2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<YpX2=q->YplusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YplusX);
+
+/* qhasm: C = T2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<T2d2=fe#18,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<T2d2=q->T2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: ZZ = Z1*Z2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>ZZ=fe#1,<Z1=fe#13,<Z2=fe#17); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>ZZ=r->X,<Z1=p->Z,<Z2=q->Z); */
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*ZZ */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<ZZ=fe#1,<ZZ=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<ZZ=r->X,<ZZ=r->X); */
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2779a4a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_sub.q
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->YplusX:q->YminusX:q->Z:q->T2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>YpX2=fe#15:>YmX2=fe#16:>Z2=fe#17:>T2d2=fe#18:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_sub
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe Z2
+fe T1
+fe ZZ
+fe YpX2
+fe YmX2
+fe T2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*YmX2
+B = YmX1*YpX2
+C = T2d2*T1
+ZZ = Z1*Z2
+D = 2*ZZ
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D-C
+T3 = D+C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31b3d33e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/ge_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/keypair.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/keypair.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6cea2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/keypair.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "randombytes.h"
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+
+int crypto_sign_keypair(unsigned char *pk,unsigned char *sk)
+{
+  unsigned char az[64];
+  ge_p3 A;
+
+  randombytes(sk,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(az,sk,32);
+  az[0] &= 248;
+  az[31] &= 63;
+  az[31] |= 64;
+
+  ge_scalarmult_base(&A,az);
+  ge_p3_tobytes(pk,&A);
+
+  memmove(sk + 32,pk,32);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/open.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/open.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ec4cd2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/open.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "crypto_verify_32.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "sc.h"
+
+int crypto_sign_open(
+  unsigned char *m,unsigned long long *mlen,
+  const unsigned char *sm,unsigned long long smlen,
+  const unsigned char *pk
+)
+{
+  unsigned char pkcopy[32];
+  unsigned char rcopy[32];
+  unsigned char scopy[32];
+  unsigned char h[64];
+  unsigned char rcheck[32];
+  ge_p3 A;
+  ge_p2 R;
+
+  if (smlen < 64) goto badsig;
+  if (sm[63] & 224) goto badsig;
+  if (ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(&A,pk) != 0) goto badsig;
+
+  memmove(pkcopy,pk,32);
+  memmove(rcopy,sm,32);
+  memmove(scopy,sm + 32,32);
+
+  memmove(m,sm,smlen);
+  memmove(m + 32,pkcopy,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(h,m,smlen);
+  sc_reduce(h);
+
+  ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(&R,h,&A,scopy);
+  ge_tobytes(rcheck,&R);
+  if (crypto_verify_32(rcheck,rcopy) == 0) {
+    memmove(m,m + 64,smlen - 64);
+    memset(m + smlen - 64,0,64);
+    *mlen = smlen - 64;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+badsig:
+  *mlen = -1;
+  memset(m,0,smlen);
+  return -1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ffe0d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+/* qhasm: fe z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z8 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z9 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z11 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z22 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_5_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_20 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_100 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_252_2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_252_3 */
+
+/* qhasm: enter pow22523 */
+
+/* qhasm: z2 = z1^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,>z2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z2=t0,<z1=z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=t0,>z2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z8 = z2^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,<z2=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,>z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z8=t1,<z2=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=t1,>z8=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z9 = z1*z8 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z9=fe#2,<z1=fe#11,<z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z9=t1,<z1=z,<z8=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z11 = z2*z9 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z11=fe#1,<z2=fe#1,<z9=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z11=t0,<z2=t0,<z9=t1); */
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z22 = z11^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z22=fe#1,<z11=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=fe#1,>z22=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z22=t0,<z11=t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=t0,>z22=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_5_0 = z9*z22 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_5_0=fe#1,<z9=fe#2,<z22=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_5_0=t0,<z9=t1,<z22=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#2,<z_5_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#2,>z_10_5=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_10_5=t1,<z_5_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=t1,>z_10_5=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_10_0=fe#1,<z_10_5=fe#2,<z_5_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_10_0=t0,<z_10_5=t1,<z_5_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#2,>z_20_10=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_20_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=t1,>z_20_10=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_20_0=fe#2,<z_20_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_20_0=t1,<z_20_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#3,<z_20_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#3,>z_40_20=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_40_20=t2,<z_20_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=t2,>z_40_20=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_40_0=fe#2,<z_40_20=fe#3,<z_20_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_40_0=t1,<z_40_20=t2,<z_20_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#2,<z_40_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#2,>z_50_10=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_50_10=t1,<z_40_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=t1,>z_50_10=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_50_0=fe#1,<z_50_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_50_0=t0,<z_50_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#2,>z_100_50=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_100_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=t1,>z_100_50=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_100_0=fe#2,<z_100_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_100_0=t1,<z_100_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#3,<z_100_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#3,>z_200_100=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_200_100=t2,<z_100_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=t2,>z_200_100=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_200_0=fe#2,<z_200_100=fe#3,<z_100_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_200_0=t1,<z_200_100=t2,<z_100_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#2,<z_200_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#2,>z_250_50=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_250_50=t1,<z_200_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=t1,>z_250_50=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_250_0=fe#1,<z_250_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_250_0=t0,<z_250_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_252_2 = z_250_0^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_252_2=fe#1,<z_250_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z_252_2=fe#1,>z_252_2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_252_2=t0,<z_250_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z_252_2=t0,>z_252_2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_252_3 = z_252_2*z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_252_3=fe#12,<z_252_2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_252_3=out,<z_252_2=t0,<z1=z); */
+fe_mul(out,t0,z);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ce1da9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow22523.q
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+:name:fe:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:t6:t7:t8:t9:z:out:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>z1=fe#11:
+return:nofallthrough:<z_252_3=fe#12:leave:
+
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2^k:<f=fe:>h=fe:#k:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f); for (i = 1;i !lt; #k;++i) fe_sq(>h,>h);:
+
+:
+
+fe z1
+fe z2
+fe z8
+fe z9
+fe z11
+fe z22
+fe z_5_0
+fe z_10_5
+fe z_10_0
+fe z_20_10
+fe z_20_0
+fe z_40_20
+fe z_40_0
+fe z_50_10
+fe z_50_0
+fe z_100_50
+fe z_100_0
+fe z_200_100
+fe z_200_0
+fe z_250_50
+fe z_250_0
+fe z_252_2
+fe z_252_3
+
+enter pow22523
+
+z2 = z1^2^1
+z8 = z2^2^2
+z9 = z1*z8
+z11 = z2*z9
+z22 = z11^2^1
+z_5_0 = z9*z22
+z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5
+z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0
+z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10
+z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0
+z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20
+z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0
+z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10
+z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0
+z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50
+z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0
+z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100
+z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0
+z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50
+z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0
+z_252_2 = z_250_0^2^2
+z_252_3 = z_252_2*z1
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..109df779a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+/* qhasm: fe z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z8 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z9 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z11 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z22 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_5_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_20 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_100 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_255_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_255_21 */
+
+/* qhasm: enter pow225521 */
+
+/* qhasm: z2 = z1^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,>z2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z2=t0,<z1=z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=t0,>z2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z8 = z2^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,<z2=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,>z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z8=t1,<z2=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=t1,>z8=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z9 = z1*z8 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z9=fe#2,<z1=fe#11,<z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z9=t1,<z1=z,<z8=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z11 = z2*z9 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z11=fe#1,<z2=fe#1,<z9=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z11=t0,<z2=t0,<z9=t1); */
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z22 = z11^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z22=fe#3,<z11=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=fe#3,>z22=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z22=t2,<z11=t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=t2,>z22=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_5_0 = z9*z22 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_5_0=fe#2,<z9=fe#2,<z22=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_5_0=t1,<z9=t1,<z22=t2); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#3,<z_5_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#3,>z_10_5=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_10_5=t2,<z_5_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=t2,>z_10_5=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_10_0=fe#2,<z_10_5=fe#3,<z_5_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_10_0=t1,<z_10_5=t2,<z_5_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#3,>z_20_10=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_20_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=t2,>z_20_10=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_20_0=fe#3,<z_20_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_20_0=t2,<z_20_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#4,<z_20_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#4,>z_40_20=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_40_20=t3,<z_20_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=t3,>z_40_20=t3); */
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_40_0=fe#3,<z_40_20=fe#4,<z_20_0=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_40_0=t2,<z_40_20=t3,<z_20_0=t2); */
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#3,<z_40_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#3,>z_50_10=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_50_10=t2,<z_40_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=t2,>z_50_10=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_50_0=fe#2,<z_50_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_50_0=t1,<z_50_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#3,>z_100_50=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_100_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=t2,>z_100_50=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_100_0=fe#3,<z_100_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_100_0=t2,<z_100_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#4,<z_100_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#4,>z_200_100=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_200_100=t3,<z_100_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=t3,>z_200_100=t3); */
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_200_0=fe#3,<z_200_100=fe#4,<z_100_0=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_200_0=t2,<z_200_100=t3,<z_100_0=t2); */
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#3,<z_200_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#3,>z_250_50=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_250_50=t2,<z_200_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=t2,>z_250_50=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_250_0=fe#2,<z_250_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_250_0=t1,<z_250_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_255_5 = z_250_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_255_5=fe#2,<z_250_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_255_5=fe#2,>z_255_5=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_255_5=t1,<z_250_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_255_5=t1,>z_255_5=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_255_21 = z_255_5*z11 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_255_21=fe#12,<z_255_5=fe#2,<z11=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_255_21=out,<z_255_5=t1,<z11=t0); */
+fe_mul(out,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45be57c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/pow225521.q
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+:name:fe:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:t6:t7:t8:t9:z:out:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>z1=fe#11:
+return:nofallthrough:<z_255_21=fe#12:leave:
+
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2^k:<f=fe:>h=fe:#k:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f); for (i = 1;i !lt; #k;++i) fe_sq(>h,>h);:
+
+:
+
+fe z1
+fe z2
+fe z8
+fe z9
+fe z11
+fe z22
+fe z_5_0
+fe z_10_5
+fe z_10_0
+fe z_20_10
+fe z_20_0
+fe z_40_20
+fe z_40_0
+fe z_50_10
+fe z_50_0
+fe z_100_50
+fe z_100_0
+fe z_200_100
+fe z_200_0
+fe z_250_50
+fe z_250_0
+fe z_255_5
+fe z_255_21
+
+enter pow225521
+
+z2 = z1^2^1
+z8 = z2^2^2
+z9 = z1*z8
+z11 = z2*z9
+z22 = z11^2^1
+z_5_0 = z9*z22
+z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5
+z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0
+z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10
+z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0
+z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20
+z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0
+z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10
+z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0
+z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50
+z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0
+z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100
+z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0
+z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50
+z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0
+z_255_5 = z_250_0^2^5
+z_255_21 = z_255_5*z11
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/q2h.sh b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/q2h.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47ec5110e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/q2h.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+sed 's/^#.*//' \
+| qhasm-generic \
+| sed 's_//\(.*\)$_/*\1 */_'
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d32ed2e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef SC_H
+#define SC_H
+
+/*
+The set of scalars is \Z/l
+where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+#define sc_reduce crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_sc_reduce
+#define sc_muladd crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_sc_muladd
+
+extern void sc_reduce(unsigned char *);
+extern void sc_muladd(unsigned char *,const unsigned char *,const unsigned char *,const unsigned char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_muladd.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_muladd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f1e9d02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_muladd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#include "sc.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (ab+c) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+void sc_muladd(unsigned char *s,const unsigned char *a,const unsigned char *b,const unsigned char *c)
+{
+  crypto_int64 a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  crypto_int64 a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  crypto_int64 a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  crypto_int64 b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  crypto_int64 b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  crypto_int64 c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  crypto_int64 c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s0;
+  crypto_int64 s1;
+  crypto_int64 s2;
+  crypto_int64 s3;
+  crypto_int64 s4;
+  crypto_int64 s5;
+  crypto_int64 s6;
+  crypto_int64 s7;
+  crypto_int64 s8;
+  crypto_int64 s9;
+  crypto_int64 s10;
+  crypto_int64 s11;
+  crypto_int64 s12;
+  crypto_int64 s13;
+  crypto_int64 s14;
+  crypto_int64 s15;
+  crypto_int64 s16;
+  crypto_int64 s17;
+  crypto_int64 s18;
+  crypto_int64 s19;
+  crypto_int64 s20;
+  crypto_int64 s21;
+  crypto_int64 s22;
+  crypto_int64 s23;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+  crypto_int64 carry10;
+  crypto_int64 carry11;
+  crypto_int64 carry12;
+  crypto_int64 carry13;
+  crypto_int64 carry14;
+  crypto_int64 carry15;
+  crypto_int64 carry16;
+  crypto_int64 carry17;
+  crypto_int64 carry18;
+  crypto_int64 carry19;
+  crypto_int64 carry20;
+  crypto_int64 carry21;
+  crypto_int64 carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 + a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 + a0*b1 + a1*b0;
+  s2 = c2 + a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0;
+  s3 = c3 + a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0;
+  s4 = c4 + a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0;
+  s5 = c5 + a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0;
+  s6 = c6 + a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0;
+  s7 = c7 + a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0;
+  s8 = c8 + a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0;
+  s9 = c9 + a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0;
+  s10 = c10 + a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0;
+  s11 = c11 + a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0;
+  s12 = a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1;
+  s13 = a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2;
+  s14 = a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3;
+  s15 = a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4;
+  s16 = a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5;
+  s17 = a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6;
+  s18 = a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7;
+  s19 = a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8;
+  s20 = a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9;
+  s21 = a10*b11 + a11*b10;
+  s22 = a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_reduce.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_reduce.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d01f5a573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sc_reduce.c
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#include "sc.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^63*s[63] = s
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = s mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+  Overwrites s in place.
+*/
+
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *s)
+{
+  crypto_int64 s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  crypto_int64 s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  crypto_int64 s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s11 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s12 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 31) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s13 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 34) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s14 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 36) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s15 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 39) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 s16 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 42);
+  crypto_int64 s17 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 44) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s18 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 47) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s19 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 49) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s20 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 52) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s21 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 55) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s22 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 57) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s23 = (load_4(s + 60) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+  crypto_int64 carry10;
+  crypto_int64 carry11;
+  crypto_int64 carry12;
+  crypto_int64 carry13;
+  crypto_int64 carry14;
+  crypto_int64 carry15;
+  crypto_int64 carry16;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sign.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sign.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de53742a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sign.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "sc.h"
+
+int crypto_sign(
+  unsigned char *sm,unsigned long long *smlen,
+  const unsigned char *m,unsigned long long mlen,
+  const unsigned char *sk
+)
+{
+  unsigned char pk[32];
+  unsigned char az[64];
+  unsigned char nonce[64];
+  unsigned char hram[64];
+  ge_p3 R;
+
+  memmove(pk,sk + 32,32);
+
+  crypto_hash_sha512(az,sk,32);
+  az[0] &= 248;
+  az[31] &= 63;
+  az[31] |= 64;
+
+  *smlen = mlen + 64;
+  memmove(sm + 64,m,mlen);
+  memmove(sm + 32,az + 32,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(nonce,sm + 32,mlen + 32);
+  memmove(sm + 32,pk,32);
+
+  sc_reduce(nonce);
+  ge_scalarmult_base(&R,nonce);
+  ge_p3_tobytes(sm,&R);
+
+  crypto_hash_sha512(hram,sm,mlen + 64);
+  sc_reduce(hram);
+  sc_muladd(sm + 32,hram,az,nonce);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8caa23b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-32595792,-7943725,9377950,3500415,12389472,-272473,-25146209,-2005654,326686,11406482
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a47fbc12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10/sqrtm1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+print radix255(I)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/MakeCryptoOps.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/MakeCryptoOps.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a37ddf370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/MakeCryptoOps.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#assumes you have gnu sed, osx sed might need slight syntax changeo
+#c.f. http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/112023/how-can-i-replace-a-string-in-a-files
+
+#written by shen-noether monero research labs
+
+import os #for copying and sed etc.
+import glob #for copy files
+import textwrap #for comments etc
+
+print("make sure you have cat and grep installed")
+print("also assumes gnu sed syntax, c.f. :http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/112023/how-can-i-replace-a-string-in-a-files")
+print("I believe osx may have slightly different version of sed")
+print("maybe someone smart can replace the sed with perl..")
+
+a = ""
+
+license = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    // Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+    // 
+    // All rights reserved.
+    // 
+    // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+    // permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+    // 
+    // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+    //    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    // 
+    // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+    //    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+    //    materials provided with the distribution.
+    // 
+    // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+    //    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+    //    prior written permission.
+    // 
+    // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+    // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+    // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+    // THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+    // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+    // PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+    // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+    // STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+    // THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+    // 
+    // Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+    """)
+
+crypto_ops_includes = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    #include <assert.h>
+    #include <stdint.h>
+
+    #include "warnings.h"
+    #include "crypto-ops.h"
+
+    DISABLE_VS_WARNINGS(4146 4244)
+    """)
+
+predeclarations = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    /* Predeclarations */
+
+    static void fe_mul(fe, const fe, const fe);
+    static void fe_sq(fe, const fe);
+    static void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *, const fe);
+    static int fe_isnonzero(const fe); 
+    static void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+    static void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+    static void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *);
+    static void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *);
+    static void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_cached *);
+    static void fe_divpowm1(fe, const fe, const fe);
+    """)
+
+
+
+fe_comments = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    /*
+    fe means field element.
+    Here the field is \Z/(2^255-19).
+    An element t, entries t[0]...t[9], represents the integer
+    t[0]+2^26 t[1]+2^51 t[2]+2^77 t[3]+2^102 t[4]+...+2^230 t[9].
+    Bounds on each t[i] vary depending on context.
+    */
+    """)
+
+sc_comments = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    /*
+     *
+     * sc code
+     *
+     *
+    The set of scalars is \Z/l
+    where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+
+    This is the order of the curve ed25519. 
+    The point is that if a is a scalar and P is a point,
+    and b is congruent to a mod l, then aP = bP.
+    Thus, reducing mod l can possibly give you a smaller scalar,
+    so your elliptic curve operations take less time
+    */
+    """)
+
+ge_comments = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    /*
+     *
+     * ge code
+     *
+     *
+    ge means group element.
+
+    Here the group is the set of pairs (x,y) of field elements (see fe.h)
+    satisfying -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + d x^2y^2
+    where d = -121665/121666.
+
+    Representations:
+      ge_p2 (projective): (X:Y:Z) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z
+      ge_p3 (extended): (X:Y:Z:T) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z, XY=ZT
+      ge_p1p1 (completed): ((X:Z),(Y:T)) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/T
+      ge_precomp (Duif): (y+x,y-x,2dxy)
+    */
+    """)
+
+xmr_comments = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    /*
+     *
+     * xmr specific code
+     *
+     *
+    This code is from the original CryptoNote.
+    Some additional functions were needed to compute ring signatures
+    which are not needed for signing. 
+    Note that sc_sub and sc_mulsub have been given their own file
+    since these have been rewritten 
+
+    */
+    """)
+
+
+
+
+def qhasmToC(fi, header, out):
+    #replaces mentiones of "header" in "fi" with output in "out"
+    #also removes qhasm comments
+    out1 = out+".tmp"
+    rem_qhasm = " |grep -v 'qhasm' |grep -v ' asm'"
+    com = "sed -e '/#include \""+header+"\"/ {' -e 'r "+header+"' -e 'd' -e '}' "+fi+rem_qhasm+" > "+out1
+    com2 = "awk 'NF' "+out1+" > "+out
+    print(com)
+    os.system(com)
+    print(com2)
+    os.system(com2)
+    os.remove(out1) #temporary
+
+while (a != "m") and (a != "m") and (a != "c"):
+    a = raw_input("Make / Clean/ Quit    m / c / q?")
+
+if a == "m":
+    print("making crypto-ops.c and crypto-ops.h")
+
+
+    #ref10 header files
+
+    #ref10 c files
+
+    #fe things
+    #still need to do d2, d, sqrtm1
+    print("making fe.c")
+    print(fe_comments)
+    fe = glob.glob("fe*.c")
+    for g in fe:
+        os.system("cp "+g+" "+g.replace("fe", "fe.monero."))
+    qhasmToC("fe_pow22523.c", "pow22523.h", "fe.monero._pow22523.c")
+    qhasmToC("fe_invert.c", "pow225521.h", "fe.monero._invert.c")
+    os.system("rm fe.monero._isnonzero.c") #since it's modified, it's in xmrSpecificOld
+    os.system("cat fe.monero.*.c | grep -v '^#include' > fe.monero.c")
+
+    #sc things
+    print("\nmaking sc.c")
+    print(sc_comments)
+    #so you don't get multiple "loads"
+    os.system("tail -n +24 sc_reduce.c > sc.monero._reduce.c") #also good on linux
+    os.system("tail -n +24 sc_muladd.c > sc.monero._muladd.c")
+    os.system("tail -n +31 sc_sub.xmr.c > sc.monero._sub.xmr.c") #careful with the tails if you change these files!
+    os.system("cat sc.monero.*.c | grep -v '^#include' > sc.monero.c")
+
+    #ge stuff
+    print("making ge.c")
+    ge = glob.glob("ge*.c")
+    for g in ge:
+        os.system("cp "+g+" "+g.replace("ge", "ge.monero."))
+    print(ge_comments)
+    #need to substitute the below lines for their .h files in the appropriate places
+    qhasmToC("ge_add.c", "ge_add.h", "ge.monero._add.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_madd.c", "ge_madd.h", "ge.monero._madd.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_sub.c", "ge_sub.h", "ge.monero._sub.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_msub.c", "ge_msub.h", "ge.monero._msub.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_p2_dbl.c", "ge_p2_dbl.h", "ge.monero._p2_dbl.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_frombytes.c", "d.h", "ge.monero._frombytes.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge.monero._frombytes.c", "sqrtm1.h", "ge.monero._frombytes.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_p3_to_cached.c", "d2.h", "ge.monero._p3_to_cached.c")
+
+
+
+    #also ge_double_scalarmult needs base2.h for ge_precomp Bi
+    #note, base2.h is a large file!
+    #also in ge_scalarmult_base ge_precomp base needs base.h included
+
+    qhasmToC("ge_double_scalarmult.c", "base2.h", "ge.monero._double_scalarmult.c")
+    qhasmToC("ge_scalarmult_base.c", "base.h", "ge.monero._scalarmult_base.c")
+    #qhasmToC("ge.monero._scalarmult_base.c", "base.h", "ge.monero._scalarmult_base.c")
+    os.system("sed -i 's/ cmov/ ge_precomp_cmov/g' ge.monero._scalarmult_base.c")
+    os.system("cat ge.monero.*.c | grep -v '^#include' > ge.monero.c")
+
+
+    print("making crypto-ops.c")
+
+    #sqrtm1 things
+
+    #comments
+    with open("fe.monero.comments", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(fe_comments)
+    with open("ge.monero.comments", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(ge_comments)
+    with open("sc.monero.comments", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(sc_comments)
+    with open("xmr.monero.comments", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(xmr_comments)
+    with open("xmr.monero.predeclarations", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(predeclarations)
+
+
+    #license
+    with open("monero.license", "w") as text_file:
+            text_file.write(license)
+
+    #crypto-ops.c includes
+    with open("crypto-ops.monero.includes", "w") as text_file:
+        text_file.write(crypto_ops_includes)
+
+    #note you may have duplicates of load_3, load_4 and possibly some other functions ... 
+    os.system("cat monero.license crypto-ops.monero.includes xmr.monero.predeclarations fe.monero.comments fe.monero.c sc.monero.comments sc.monero.c ge.monero.comments ge.monero.c xmr.monero.comments xmrSpecificOld.c > crypto-ops.c")
+
+    #monero specific header files
+    #print("making crypto-ops-tmp.h")
+    #os.system("cat fe.h ge.h sc.h |grep -v crypto_sign_ed25519 |grep -v fe.h > crypto-ops-tmp.h")
+    #we'll just use the old header crypto-ops.h
+
+    #replace crypto_ints
+    os.system("sed -i 's/crypto_int32/int32_t/g' crypto-ops.c")
+    os.system("sed -i 's/crypto_int64/int64_t/g' crypto-ops.c")
+    os.system("sed -i 's/crypto_uint32/uint32_t/g' crypto-ops.c")
+    os.system("sed -i 's/crypto_uint64/uint64_t/g' crypto-ops.c")
+
+    #cleaning up 
+    os.system("rm *monero*")
+
+    #monero specific c files
+if a == "c":
+    #turn the directory back into ref10
+    os.system("rm *monero*")
+    os.system("rm crypto-ops.c")
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/api.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/api.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d88dae0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define CRYPTO_SECRETKEYBYTES 64
+#define CRYPTO_PUBLICKEYBYTES 32
+#define CRYPTO_BYTES 64
+#define CRYPTO_DETERMINISTIC 1
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573bd8a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1344 @@
+{
+ {
+  { 25967493,-14356035,29566456,3660896,-12694345,4014787,27544626,-11754271,-6079156,2047605 },
+  { -12545711,934262,-2722910,3049990,-727428,9406986,12720692,5043384,19500929,-15469378 },
+  { -8738181,4489570,9688441,-14785194,10184609,-12363380,29287919,11864899,-24514362,-4438546 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -12815894,-12976347,-21581243,11784320,-25355658,-2750717,-11717903,-3814571,-358445,-10211303 },
+  { -21703237,6903825,27185491,6451973,-29577724,-9554005,-15616551,11189268,-26829678,-5319081 },
+  { 26966642,11152617,32442495,15396054,14353839,-12752335,-3128826,-9541118,-15472047,-4166697 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15636291,-9688557,24204773,-7912398,616977,-16685262,27787600,-14772189,28944400,-1550024 },
+  { 16568933,4717097,-11556148,-1102322,15682896,-11807043,16354577,-11775962,7689662,11199574 },
+  { 30464156,-5976125,-11779434,-15670865,23220365,15915852,7512774,10017326,-17749093,-9920357 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -17036878,13921892,10945806,-6033431,27105052,-16084379,-28926210,15006023,3284568,-6276540 },
+  { 23599295,-8306047,-11193664,-7687416,13236774,10506355,7464579,9656445,13059162,10374397 },
+  { 7798556,16710257,3033922,2874086,28997861,2835604,32406664,-3839045,-641708,-101325 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 10861363,11473154,27284546,1981175,-30064349,12577861,32867885,14515107,-15438304,10819380 },
+  { 4708026,6336745,20377586,9066809,-11272109,6594696,-25653668,12483688,-12668491,5581306 },
+  { 19563160,16186464,-29386857,4097519,10237984,-4348115,28542350,13850243,-23678021,-15815942 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -15371964,-12862754,32573250,4720197,-26436522,5875511,-19188627,-15224819,-9818940,-12085777 },
+  { -8549212,109983,15149363,2178705,22900618,4543417,3044240,-15689887,1762328,14866737 },
+  { -18199695,-15951423,-10473290,1707278,-17185920,3916101,-28236412,3959421,27914454,4383652 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 5153746,9909285,1723747,-2777874,30523605,5516873,19480852,5230134,-23952439,-15175766 },
+  { -30269007,-3463509,7665486,10083793,28475525,1649722,20654025,16520125,30598449,7715701 },
+  { 28881845,14381568,9657904,3680757,-20181635,7843316,-31400660,1370708,29794553,-1409300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 14499471,-2729599,-33191113,-4254652,28494862,14271267,30290735,10876454,-33154098,2381726 },
+  { -7195431,-2655363,-14730155,462251,-27724326,3941372,-6236617,3696005,-32300832,15351955 },
+  { 27431194,8222322,16448760,-3907995,-18707002,11938355,-32961401,-2970515,29551813,10109425 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { -13657040,-13155431,-31283750,11777098,21447386,6519384,-2378284,-1627556,10092783,-4764171 },
+  { 27939166,14210322,4677035,16277044,-22964462,-12398139,-32508754,12005538,-17810127,12803510 },
+  { 17228999,-15661624,-1233527,300140,-1224870,-11714777,30364213,-9038194,18016357,4397660 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -10958843,-7690207,4776341,-14954238,27850028,-15602212,-26619106,14544525,-17477504,982639 },
+  { 29253598,15796703,-2863982,-9908884,10057023,3163536,7332899,-4120128,-21047696,9934963 },
+  { 5793303,16271923,-24131614,-10116404,29188560,1206517,-14747930,4559895,-30123922,-10897950 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -27643952,-11493006,16282657,-11036493,28414021,-15012264,24191034,4541697,-13338309,5500568 },
+  { 12650548,-1497113,9052871,11355358,-17680037,-8400164,-17430592,12264343,10874051,13524335 },
+  { 25556948,-3045990,714651,2510400,23394682,-10415330,33119038,5080568,-22528059,5376628 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -26088264,-4011052,-17013699,-3537628,-6726793,1920897,-22321305,-9447443,4535768,1569007 },
+  { -2255422,14606630,-21692440,-8039818,28430649,8775819,-30494562,3044290,31848280,12543772 },
+  { -22028579,2943893,-31857513,6777306,13784462,-4292203,-27377195,-2062731,7718482,14474653 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 2385315,2454213,-22631320,46603,-4437935,-15680415,656965,-7236665,24316168,-5253567 },
+  { 13741529,10911568,-33233417,-8603737,-20177830,-1033297,33040651,-13424532,-20729456,8321686 },
+  { 21060490,-2212744,15712757,-4336099,1639040,10656336,23845965,-11874838,-9984458,608372 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -13672732,-15087586,-10889693,-7557059,-6036909,11305547,1123968,-6780577,27229399,23887 },
+  { -23244140,-294205,-11744728,14712571,-29465699,-2029617,12797024,-6440308,-1633405,16678954 },
+  { -29500620,4770662,-16054387,14001338,7830047,9564805,-1508144,-4795045,-17169265,4904953 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 24059557,14617003,19037157,-15039908,19766093,-14906429,5169211,16191880,2128236,-4326833 },
+  { -16981152,4124966,-8540610,-10653797,30336522,-14105247,-29806336,916033,-6882542,-2986532 },
+  { -22630907,12419372,-7134229,-7473371,-16478904,16739175,285431,2763829,15736322,4143876 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 2379352,11839345,-4110402,-5988665,11274298,794957,212801,-14594663,23527084,-16458268 },
+  { 33431127,-11130478,-17838966,-15626900,8909499,8376530,-32625340,4087881,-15188911,-14416214 },
+  { 1767683,7197987,-13205226,-2022635,-13091350,448826,5799055,4357868,-4774191,-16323038 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { 6721966,13833823,-23523388,-1551314,26354293,-11863321,23365147,-3949732,7390890,2759800 },
+  { 4409041,2052381,23373853,10530217,7676779,-12885954,21302353,-4264057,1244380,-12919645 },
+  { -4421239,7169619,4982368,-2957590,30256825,-2777540,14086413,9208236,15886429,16489664 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 1996075,10375649,14346367,13311202,-6874135,-16438411,-13693198,398369,-30606455,-712933 },
+  { -25307465,9795880,-2777414,14878809,-33531835,14780363,13348553,12076947,-30836462,5113182 },
+  { -17770784,11797796,31950843,13929123,-25888302,12288344,-30341101,-7336386,13847711,5387222 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -18582163,-3416217,17824843,-2340966,22744343,-10442611,8763061,3617786,-19600662,10370991 },
+  { 20246567,-14369378,22358229,-543712,18507283,-10413996,14554437,-8746092,32232924,16763880 },
+  { 9648505,10094563,26416693,14745928,-30374318,-6472621,11094161,15689506,3140038,-16510092 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -16160072,5472695,31895588,4744994,8823515,10365685,-27224800,9448613,-28774454,366295 },
+  { 19153450,11523972,-11096490,-6503142,-24647631,5420647,28344573,8041113,719605,11671788 },
+  { 8678025,2694440,-6808014,2517372,4964326,11152271,-15432916,-15266516,27000813,-10195553 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -15157904,7134312,8639287,-2814877,-7235688,10421742,564065,5336097,6750977,-14521026 },
+  { 11836410,-3979488,26297894,16080799,23455045,15735944,1695823,-8819122,8169720,16220347 },
+  { -18115838,8653647,17578566,-6092619,-8025777,-16012763,-11144307,-2627664,-5990708,-14166033 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -23308498,-10968312,15213228,-10081214,-30853605,-11050004,27884329,2847284,2655861,1738395 },
+  { -27537433,-14253021,-25336301,-8002780,-9370762,8129821,21651608,-3239336,-19087449,-11005278 },
+  { 1533110,3437855,23735889,459276,29970501,11335377,26030092,5821408,10478196,8544890 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 32173121,-16129311,24896207,3921497,22579056,-3410854,19270449,12217473,17789017,-3395995 },
+  { -30552961,-2228401,-15578829,-10147201,13243889,517024,15479401,-3853233,30460520,1052596 },
+  { -11614875,13323618,32618793,8175907,-15230173,12596687,27491595,-4612359,3179268,-9478891 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 31947069,-14366651,-4640583,-15339921,-15125977,-6039709,-14756777,-16411740,19072640,-9511060 },
+  { 11685058,11822410,3158003,-13952594,33402194,-4165066,5977896,-5215017,473099,5040608 },
+  { -20290863,8198642,-27410132,11602123,1290375,-2799760,28326862,1721092,-19558642,-3131606 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { 7881532,10687937,7578723,7738378,-18951012,-2553952,21820786,8076149,-27868496,11538389 },
+  { -19935666,3899861,18283497,-6801568,-15728660,-11249211,8754525,7446702,-5676054,5797016 },
+  { -11295600,-3793569,-15782110,-7964573,12708869,-8456199,2014099,-9050574,-2369172,-5877341 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22472376,-11568741,-27682020,1146375,18956691,16640559,1192730,-3714199,15123619,10811505 },
+  { 14352098,-3419715,-18942044,10822655,32750596,4699007,-70363,15776356,-28886779,-11974553 },
+  { -28241164,-8072475,-4978962,-5315317,29416931,1847569,-20654173,-16484855,4714547,-9600655 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15200332,8368572,19679101,15970074,-31872674,1959451,24611599,-4543832,-11745876,12340220 },
+  { 12876937,-10480056,33134381,6590940,-6307776,14872440,9613953,8241152,15370987,9608631 },
+  { -4143277,-12014408,8446281,-391603,4407738,13629032,-7724868,15866074,-28210621,-8814099 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 26660628,-15677655,8393734,358047,-7401291,992988,-23904233,858697,20571223,8420556 },
+  { 14620715,13067227,-15447274,8264467,14106269,15080814,33531827,12516406,-21574435,-12476749 },
+  { 236881,10476226,57258,-14677024,6472998,2466984,17258519,7256740,8791136,15069930 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 1276410,-9371918,22949635,-16322807,-23493039,-5702186,14711875,4874229,-30663140,-2331391 },
+  { 5855666,4990204,-13711848,7294284,-7804282,1924647,-1423175,-7912378,-33069337,9234253 },
+  { 20590503,-9018988,31529744,-7352666,-2706834,10650548,31559055,-11609587,18979186,13396066 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 24474287,4968103,22267082,4407354,24063882,-8325180,-18816887,13594782,33514650,7021958 },
+  { -11566906,-6565505,-21365085,15928892,-26158305,4315421,-25948728,-3916677,-21480480,12868082 },
+  { -28635013,13504661,19988037,-2132761,21078225,6443208,-21446107,2244500,-12455797,-8089383 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -30595528,13793479,-5852820,319136,-25723172,-6263899,33086546,8957937,-15233648,5540521 },
+  { -11630176,-11503902,-8119500,-7643073,2620056,1022908,-23710744,-1568984,-16128528,-14962807 },
+  { 23152971,775386,27395463,14006635,-9701118,4649512,1689819,892185,-11513277,-15205948 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 9770129,9586738,26496094,4324120,1556511,-3550024,27453819,4763127,-19179614,5867134 },
+  { -32765025,1927590,31726409,-4753295,23962434,-16019500,27846559,5931263,-29749703,-16108455 },
+  { 27461885,-2977536,22380810,1815854,-23033753,-3031938,7283490,-15148073,-19526700,7734629 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { -8010264,-9590817,-11120403,6196038,29344158,-13430885,7585295,-3176626,18549497,15302069 },
+  { -32658337,-6171222,-7672793,-11051681,6258878,13504381,10458790,-6418461,-8872242,8424746 },
+  { 24687205,8613276,-30667046,-3233545,1863892,-1830544,19206234,7134917,-11284482,-828919 },
+ },
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+  { 1439958,-16270480,-1079989,-793782,4625402,10647766,-5043801,1220118,30494170,-11440799 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -5037580,-13028295,-2970559,-3061767,15640974,-6701666,-26739026,926050,-1684339,-13333647 },
+  { 13908495,-3549272,30919928,-6273825,-21521863,7989039,9021034,9078865,3353509,4033511 },
+  { -29663431,-15113610,32259991,-344482,24295849,-12912123,23161163,8839127,27485041,7356032 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { 9661027,705443,11980065,-5370154,-1628543,14661173,-6346142,2625015,28431036,-16771834 },
+  { -23839233,-8311415,-25945511,7480958,-17681669,-8354183,-22545972,14150565,15970762,4099461 },
+  { 29262576,16756590,26350592,-8793563,8529671,-11208050,13617293,-9937143,11465739,8317062 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -25493081,-6962928,32500200,-9419051,-23038724,-2302222,14898637,3848455,20969334,-5157516 },
+  { -20384450,-14347713,-18336405,13884722,-33039454,2842114,-21610826,-3649888,11177095,14989547 },
+  { -24496721,-11716016,16959896,2278463,12066309,10137771,13515641,2581286,-28487508,9930240 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -17751622,-2097826,16544300,-13009300,-15914807,-14949081,18345767,-13403753,16291481,-5314038 },
+  { -33229194,2553288,32678213,9875984,8534129,6889387,-9676774,6957617,4368891,9788741 },
+  { 16660756,7281060,-10830758,12911820,20108584,-8101676,-21722536,-8613148,16250552,-11111103 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -19765507,2390526,-16551031,14161980,1905286,6414907,4689584,10604807,-30190403,4782747 },
+  { -1354539,14736941,-7367442,-13292886,7710542,-14155590,-9981571,4383045,22546403,437323 },
+  { 31665577,-12180464,-16186830,1491339,-18368625,3294682,27343084,2786261,-30633590,-14097016 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -14467279,-683715,-33374107,7448552,19294360,14334329,-19690631,2355319,-19284671,-6114373 },
+  { 15121312,-15796162,6377020,-6031361,-10798111,-12957845,18952177,15496498,-29380133,11754228 },
+  { -2637277,-13483075,8488727,-14303896,12728761,-1622493,7141596,11724556,22761615,-10134141 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 16918416,11729663,-18083579,3022987,-31015732,-13339659,-28741185,-12227393,32851222,11717399 },
+  { 11166634,7338049,-6722523,4531520,-29468672,-7302055,31474879,3483633,-1193175,-4030831 },
+  { -185635,9921305,31456609,-13536438,-12013818,13348923,33142652,6546660,-19985279,-3948376 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -32460596,11266712,-11197107,-7899103,31703694,3855903,-8537131,-12833048,-30772034,-15486313 },
+  { -18006477,12709068,3991746,-6479188,-21491523,-10550425,-31135347,-16049879,10928917,3011958 },
+  { -6957757,-15594337,31696059,334240,29576716,14796075,-30831056,-12805180,18008031,10258577 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22448644,15655569,7018479,-4410003,-30314266,-1201591,-1853465,1367120,25127874,6671743 },
+  { 29701166,-14373934,-10878120,9279288,-17568,13127210,21382910,11042292,25838796,4642684 },
+  { -20430234,14955537,-24126347,8124619,-5369288,-5990470,30468147,-13900640,18423289,4177476 },
+ },
+},
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84accc858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+b = 256
+q = 2**255 - 19
+l = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+
+def xrecover(y):
+  xx = (y*y-1) * inv(d*y*y+1)
+  x = expmod(xx,(q+3)/8,q)
+  if (x*x - xx) % q != 0: x = (x*I) % q
+  if x % 2 != 0: x = q-x
+  return x
+
+By = 4 * inv(5)
+Bx = xrecover(By)
+B = [Bx % q,By % q]
+
+def edwards(P,Q):
+  x1 = P[0]
+  y1 = P[1]
+  x2 = Q[0]
+  y2 = Q[1]
+  x3 = (x1*y2+x2*y1) * inv(1+d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  y3 = (y1*y2+x1*x2) * inv(1-d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  return [x3 % q,y3 % q]
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+Bi = B
+for i in range(32):
+  print "{"
+  Bij = Bi
+  for j in range(8):
+    print " {"
+    print "  {",radix255(Bij[1]+Bij[0]),"},"
+    print "  {",radix255(Bij[1]-Bij[0]),"},"
+    print "  {",radix255(2*d*Bij[0]*Bij[1]),"},"
+    Bij = edwards(Bij,Bi)
+    print " },"
+  print "},"
+  for k in range(8):
+    Bi = edwards(Bi,Bi)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c538440f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+ {
+  { 25967493,-14356035,29566456,3660896,-12694345,4014787,27544626,-11754271,-6079156,2047605 },
+  { -12545711,934262,-2722910,3049990,-727428,9406986,12720692,5043384,19500929,-15469378 },
+  { -8738181,4489570,9688441,-14785194,10184609,-12363380,29287919,11864899,-24514362,-4438546 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15636291,-9688557,24204773,-7912398,616977,-16685262,27787600,-14772189,28944400,-1550024 },
+  { 16568933,4717097,-11556148,-1102322,15682896,-11807043,16354577,-11775962,7689662,11199574 },
+  { 30464156,-5976125,-11779434,-15670865,23220365,15915852,7512774,10017326,-17749093,-9920357 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 10861363,11473154,27284546,1981175,-30064349,12577861,32867885,14515107,-15438304,10819380 },
+  { 4708026,6336745,20377586,9066809,-11272109,6594696,-25653668,12483688,-12668491,5581306 },
+  { 19563160,16186464,-29386857,4097519,10237984,-4348115,28542350,13850243,-23678021,-15815942 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 5153746,9909285,1723747,-2777874,30523605,5516873,19480852,5230134,-23952439,-15175766 },
+  { -30269007,-3463509,7665486,10083793,28475525,1649722,20654025,16520125,30598449,7715701 },
+  { 28881845,14381568,9657904,3680757,-20181635,7843316,-31400660,1370708,29794553,-1409300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22518993,-6692182,14201702,-8745502,-23510406,8844726,18474211,-1361450,-13062696,13821877 },
+  { -6455177,-7839871,3374702,-4740862,-27098617,-10571707,31655028,-7212327,18853322,-14220951 },
+  { 4566830,-12963868,-28974889,-12240689,-7602672,-2830569,-8514358,-10431137,2207753,-3209784 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -25154831,-4185821,29681144,7868801,-6854661,-9423865,-12437364,-663000,-31111463,-16132436 },
+  { 25576264,-2703214,7349804,-11814844,16472782,9300885,3844789,15725684,171356,6466918 },
+  { 23103977,13316479,9739013,-16149481,817875,-15038942,8965339,-14088058,-30714912,16193877 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -33521811,3180713,-2394130,14003687,-16903474,-16270840,17238398,4729455,-18074513,9256800 },
+  { -25182317,-4174131,32336398,5036987,-21236817,11360617,22616405,9761698,-19827198,630305 },
+  { -13720693,2639453,-24237460,-7406481,9494427,-5774029,-6554551,-15960994,-2449256,-14291300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -3151181,-5046075,9282714,6866145,-31907062,-863023,-18940575,15033784,25105118,-7894876 },
+  { -24326370,15950226,-31801215,-14592823,-11662737,-5090925,1573892,-2625887,2198790,-15804619 },
+  { -3099351,10324967,-2241613,7453183,-5446979,-2735503,-13812022,-16236442,-32461234,-12290683 },
+ },
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e4e8739d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/base2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+b = 256
+q = 2**255 - 19
+l = 2**252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+
+def xrecover(y):
+  xx = (y*y-1) * inv(d*y*y+1)
+  x = expmod(xx,(q+3)/8,q)
+  if (x*x - xx) % q != 0: x = (x*I) % q
+  if x % 2 != 0: x = q-x
+  return x
+
+By = 4 * inv(5)
+Bx = xrecover(By)
+B = [Bx % q,By % q]
+
+def edwards(P,Q):
+  x1 = P[0]
+  y1 = P[1]
+  x2 = Q[0]
+  y2 = Q[1]
+  x3 = (x1*y2+x2*y1) * inv(1+d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  y3 = (y1*y2+x1*x2) * inv(1-d*x1*x2*y1*y2)
+  return [x3 % q,y3 % q]
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+Bi = B
+
+for i in range(8):
+  print " {"
+  print "  {",radix255(Bi[1]+Bi[0]),"},"
+  print "  {",radix255(Bi[1]-Bi[0]),"},"
+  print "  {",radix255(2*d*Bi[0]*Bi[1]),"},"
+  print " },"
+  Bi = edwards(B,edwards(B,Bi))
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..223224f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4830 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+// 
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "warnings.h"
+#include "crypto-ops.h"
+
+DISABLE_VS_WARNINGS(4146 4244)
+/* Predeclarations */
+
+static void fe_mul(fe, const fe, const fe);
+static void fe_sq(fe, const fe);
+static void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *, const fe);
+static int fe_isnonzero(const fe); 
+static void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+static void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_precomp *);
+static void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *);
+static void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *);
+static void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_cached *);
+static void fe_divpowm1(fe, const fe, const fe);
+/*
+fe means field element.
+Here the field is \Z/(2^255-19).
+An element t, entries t[0]...t[9], represents the integer
+t[0]+2^26 t[1]+2^51 t[2]+2^77 t[3]+2^102 t[4]+...+2^230 t[9].
+Bounds on each t[i] vary depending on context.
+*/
+
+/*
+h = 0
+*/
+
+void fe_0(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 0;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+h = 1
+*/
+
+void fe_1(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 1;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+h = f + g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_add(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t h0 = f0 + g0;
+  int32_t h1 = f1 + g1;
+  int32_t h2 = f2 + g2;
+  int32_t h3 = f3 + g3;
+  int32_t h4 = f4 + g4;
+  int32_t h5 = f5 + g5;
+  int32_t h6 = f6 + g6;
+  int32_t h7 = f7 + g7;
+  int32_t h8 = f8 + g8;
+  int32_t h9 = f9 + g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/*
+Replace (f,g) with (g,g) if b == 1;
+replace (f,g) with (f,g) if b == 0.
+
+Preconditions: b in {0,1}.
+*/
+
+void fe_cmov(fe f,const fe g,unsigned int b)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t x0 = f0 ^ g0;
+  int32_t x1 = f1 ^ g1;
+  int32_t x2 = f2 ^ g2;
+  int32_t x3 = f3 ^ g3;
+  int32_t x4 = f4 ^ g4;
+  int32_t x5 = f5 ^ g5;
+  int32_t x6 = f6 ^ g6;
+  int32_t x7 = f7 ^ g7;
+  int32_t x8 = f8 ^ g8;
+  int32_t x9 = f9 ^ g9;
+  b = -b;
+  x0 &= b;
+  x1 &= b;
+  x2 &= b;
+  x3 &= b;
+  x4 &= b;
+  x5 &= b;
+  x6 &= b;
+  x7 &= b;
+  x8 &= b;
+  x9 &= b;
+  f[0] = f0 ^ x0;
+  f[1] = f1 ^ x1;
+  f[2] = f2 ^ x2;
+  f[3] = f3 ^ x3;
+  f[4] = f4 ^ x4;
+  f[5] = f5 ^ x5;
+  f[6] = f6 ^ x6;
+  f[7] = f7 ^ x7;
+  f[8] = f8 ^ x8;
+  f[9] = f9 ^ x9;
+}
+
+/*
+h = f
+*/
+
+void fe_copy(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  h[0] = f0;
+  h[1] = f1;
+  h[2] = f2;
+  h[3] = f3;
+  h[4] = f4;
+  h[5] = f5;
+  h[6] = f6;
+  h[7] = f7;
+  h[8] = f8;
+  h[9] = f9;
+}
+
+static uint64_t load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  uint64_t result;
+  result = (uint64_t) in[0];
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static uint64_t load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  uint64_t result;
+  result = (uint64_t) in[0];
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((uint64_t) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Ignores top bit of h.
+*/
+
+void fe_frombytes(fe h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+void fe_invert(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  fe t3;
+  int i;
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+fe_sq(t2,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t2);
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(out,t1,t0);
+  return;
+}
+
+/*
+return 1 if f is in {1,3,5,...,q-2}
+return 0 if f is in {0,2,4,...,q-1}
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+int fe_isnegative(const fe f)
+{
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s,f);
+  return s[0] & 1;
+}
+
+/*
+h = f * g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+Notes on implementation strategy:
+
+Using schoolbook multiplication.
+Karatsuba would save a little in some cost models.
+
+Most multiplications by 2 and 19 are 32-bit precomputations;
+cheaper than 64-bit postcomputations.
+
+There is one remaining multiplication by 19 in the carry chain;
+one *19 precomputation can be merged into this,
+but the resulting data flow is considerably less clean.
+
+There are 12 carries below.
+10 of them are 2-way parallelizable and vectorizable.
+Can get away with 11 carries, but then data flow is much deeper.
+
+With tighter constraints on inputs can squeeze carries into int32.
+*/
+
+void fe_mul(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t g1_19 = 19 * g1; /* 1.959375*2^29 */
+  int32_t g2_19 = 19 * g2; /* 1.959375*2^30; still ok */
+  int32_t g3_19 = 19 * g3;
+  int32_t g4_19 = 19 * g4;
+  int32_t g5_19 = 19 * g5;
+  int32_t g6_19 = 19 * g6;
+  int32_t g7_19 = 19 * g7;
+  int32_t g8_19 = 19 * g8;
+  int32_t g9_19 = 19 * g9;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f9_2 = 2 * f9;
+  int64_t f0g0    = f0   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f0g1    = f0   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f0g2    = f0   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f0g3    = f0   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f0g4    = f0   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f0g5    = f0   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f0g6    = f0   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f0g7    = f0   * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f0g8    = f0   * (int64_t) g8;
+  int64_t f0g9    = f0   * (int64_t) g9;
+  int64_t f1g0    = f1   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f1g1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f1g2    = f1   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f1g3_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f1g4    = f1   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f1g5_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f1g6    = f1   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f1g7_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f1g8    = f1   * (int64_t) g8;
+  int64_t f1g9_38 = f1_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f2g0    = f2   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f2g1    = f2   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f2g2    = f2   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f2g3    = f2   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f2g4    = f2   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f2g5    = f2   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f2g6    = f2   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f2g7    = f2   * (int64_t) g7;
+  int64_t f2g8_19 = f2   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f2g9_19 = f2   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f3g0    = f3   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f3g1_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f3g2    = f3   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f3g3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f3g4    = f3   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f3g5_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f3g6    = f3   * (int64_t) g6;
+  int64_t f3g7_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f3g8_19 = f3   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f3g9_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f4g0    = f4   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f4g1    = f4   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f4g2    = f4   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f4g3    = f4   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f4g4    = f4   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f4g5    = f4   * (int64_t) g5;
+  int64_t f4g6_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f4g7_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f4g8_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f4g9_19 = f4   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f5g0    = f5   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f5g1_2  = f5_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f5g2    = f5   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f5g3_2  = f5_2 * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f5g4    = f5   * (int64_t) g4;
+  int64_t f5g5_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f5g6_19 = f5   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f5g7_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f5g8_19 = f5   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f5g9_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f6g0    = f6   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f6g1    = f6   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f6g2    = f6   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f6g3    = f6   * (int64_t) g3;
+  int64_t f6g4_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f6g5_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f6g6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f6g7_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f6g8_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f6g9_19 = f6   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f7g0    = f7   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f7g1_2  = f7_2 * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f7g2    = f7   * (int64_t) g2;
+  int64_t f7g3_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f7g4_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f7g5_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f7g6_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f7g7_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f7g8_19 = f7   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f7g9_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f8g0    = f8   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f8g1    = f8   * (int64_t) g1;
+  int64_t f8g2_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g2_19;
+  int64_t f8g3_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f8g4_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f8g5_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f8g6_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f8g7_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f8g8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f8g9_19 = f8   * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t f9g0    = f9   * (int64_t) g0;
+  int64_t f9g1_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g1_19;
+  int64_t f9g2_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g2_19;
+  int64_t f9g3_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g3_19;
+  int64_t f9g4_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g4_19;
+  int64_t f9g5_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g5_19;
+  int64_t f9g6_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g6_19;
+  int64_t f9g7_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g7_19;
+  int64_t f9g8_19 = f9   * (int64_t) g8_19;
+  int64_t f9g9_38 = f9_2 * (int64_t) g9_19;
+  int64_t h0 = f0g0+f1g9_38+f2g8_19+f3g7_38+f4g6_19+f5g5_38+f6g4_19+f7g3_38+f8g2_19+f9g1_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0g1+f1g0   +f2g9_19+f3g8_19+f4g7_19+f5g6_19+f6g5_19+f7g4_19+f8g3_19+f9g2_19;
+  int64_t h2 = f0g2+f1g1_2 +f2g0   +f3g9_38+f4g8_19+f5g7_38+f6g6_19+f7g5_38+f8g4_19+f9g3_38;
+  int64_t h3 = f0g3+f1g2   +f2g1   +f3g0   +f4g9_19+f5g8_19+f6g7_19+f7g6_19+f8g5_19+f9g4_19;
+  int64_t h4 = f0g4+f1g3_2 +f2g2   +f3g1_2 +f4g0   +f5g9_38+f6g8_19+f7g7_38+f8g6_19+f9g5_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0g5+f1g4   +f2g3   +f3g2   +f4g1   +f5g0   +f6g9_19+f7g8_19+f8g7_19+f9g6_19;
+  int64_t h6 = f0g6+f1g5_2 +f2g4   +f3g3_2 +f4g2   +f5g1_2 +f6g0   +f7g9_38+f8g8_19+f9g7_38;
+  int64_t h7 = f0g7+f1g6   +f2g5   +f3g4   +f4g3   +f5g2   +f6g1   +f7g0   +f8g9_19+f9g8_19;
+  int64_t h8 = f0g8+f1g7_2 +f2g6   +f3g5_2 +f4g4   +f5g3_2 +f6g2   +f7g1_2 +f8g0   +f9g9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0g9+f1g8   +f2g7   +f3g6   +f4g5   +f5g4   +f6g3   +f7g2   +f8g1   +f9g0   ;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  /*
+  |h0| <= (1.65*1.65*2^52*(1+19+19+19+19)+1.65*1.65*2^50*(38+38+38+38+38))
+    i.e. |h0| <= 1.4*2^60; narrower ranges for h2, h4, h6, h8
+  |h1| <= (1.65*1.65*2^51*(1+1+19+19+19+19+19+19+19+19))
+    i.e. |h1| <= 1.7*2^59; narrower ranges for h3, h5, h7, h9
+  */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  /* |h1| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h5| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h2| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+  /* |h6| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  /* |h2| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h6| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h3| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h7| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  /* |h3| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h7| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h4| <= 1.72*2^34 */
+  /* |h8| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h8| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+  /* |h9| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  /* |h9| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h0| <= 1.1*2^39 */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/*
+h = -f
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_neg(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t h0 = -f0;
+  int32_t h1 = -f1;
+  int32_t h2 = -f2;
+  int32_t h3 = -f3;
+  int32_t h4 = -f4;
+  int32_t h5 = -f5;
+  int32_t h6 = -f6;
+  int32_t h7 = -f7;
+  int32_t h8 = -f8;
+  int32_t h9 = -f9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+void fe_pow22523(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  int i;
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+fe_mul(out,t0,z);
+  return;
+}
+
+/*
+h = f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int64_t f0f0    = f0   * (int64_t) f0;
+  int64_t f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f9;
+  int64_t f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f3_2;
+  int64_t f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f7_2;
+  int64_t f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f2f2    = f2   * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f2f9_38 = f2   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f4f4    = f4   * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f4f7_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f4f9_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f5f5_38 = f5   * (int64_t) f5_38;
+  int64_t f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f6f6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f6f7_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f6f9_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f7f7_38 = f7   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f8f8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f8f9_38 = f8   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f9f9_38 = f9   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  int64_t h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  int64_t h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  int64_t h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  int64_t h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  int64_t h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  int64_t h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/*
+h = 2 * f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq2(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  int32_t f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  int32_t f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  int32_t f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  int32_t f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  int32_t f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  int32_t f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  int32_t f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  int32_t f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int32_t f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  int64_t f0f0    = f0   * (int64_t) f0;
+  int64_t f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (int64_t) f9;
+  int64_t f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f1;
+  int64_t f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f3_2;
+  int64_t f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f7_2;
+  int64_t f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (int64_t) f8;
+  int64_t f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f2f2    = f2   * (int64_t) f2;
+  int64_t f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (int64_t) f7;
+  int64_t f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f2f9_38 = f2   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f3;
+  int64_t f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f5_2;
+  int64_t f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (int64_t) f6;
+  int64_t f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f4f4    = f4   * (int64_t) f4;
+  int64_t f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (int64_t) f5;
+  int64_t f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f4f7_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f4f9_38 = f4   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f5f5_38 = f5   * (int64_t) f5_38;
+  int64_t f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f6f6_19 = f6   * (int64_t) f6_19;
+  int64_t f6f7_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f6f9_38 = f6   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f7f7_38 = f7   * (int64_t) f7_38;
+  int64_t f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f8f8_19 = f8   * (int64_t) f8_19;
+  int64_t f8f9_38 = f8   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t f9f9_38 = f9   * (int64_t) f9_38;
+  int64_t h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  int64_t h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  int64_t h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  int64_t h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  int64_t h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  int64_t h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  int64_t h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  int64_t h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  int64_t h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  int64_t h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  h0 += h0;
+  h1 += h1;
+  h2 += h2;
+  h3 += h3;
+  h4 += h4;
+  h5 += h5;
+  h6 += h6;
+  h7 += h7;
+  h8 += h8;
+  h9 += h9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/*
+h = f - g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_sub(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  int32_t f0 = f[0];
+  int32_t f1 = f[1];
+  int32_t f2 = f[2];
+  int32_t f3 = f[3];
+  int32_t f4 = f[4];
+  int32_t f5 = f[5];
+  int32_t f6 = f[6];
+  int32_t f7 = f[7];
+  int32_t f8 = f[8];
+  int32_t f9 = f[9];
+  int32_t g0 = g[0];
+  int32_t g1 = g[1];
+  int32_t g2 = g[2];
+  int32_t g3 = g[3];
+  int32_t g4 = g[4];
+  int32_t g5 = g[5];
+  int32_t g6 = g[6];
+  int32_t g7 = g[7];
+  int32_t g8 = g[8];
+  int32_t g9 = g[9];
+  int32_t h0 = f0 - g0;
+  int32_t h1 = f1 - g1;
+  int32_t h2 = f2 - g2;
+  int32_t h3 = f3 - g3;
+  int32_t h4 = f4 - g4;
+  int32_t h5 = f5 - g5;
+  int32_t h6 = f6 - g6;
+  int32_t h7 = f7 - g7;
+  int32_t h8 = f8 - g8;
+  int32_t h9 = f9 - g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
+
+/*
+Preconditions:
+  |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+
+Write p=2^255-19; q=floor(h/p).
+Basic claim: q = floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25)h9 + 2^(-1))).
+
+Proof:
+  Have |h|<=p so |q|<=1 so |19^2 2^(-255) q|<1/4.
+  Also have |h-2^230 h9|<2^231 so |19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9)|<1/4.
+
+  Write y=2^(-1)-19^2 2^(-255)q-19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9).
+  Then 0<y<1.
+
+  Write r=h-pq.
+  Have 0<=r<=p-1=2^255-20.
+  Thus 0<=r+19(2^-255)r<r+19(2^-255)2^255<=2^255-1.
+
+  Write x=r+19(2^-255)r+y.
+  Then 0<x<2^255 so floor(2^(-255)x) = 0 so floor(q+2^(-255)x) = q.
+
+  Have q+2^(-255)x = 2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))
+  so floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))) = q.
+*/
+
+void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const fe h)
+{
+  int32_t h0 = h[0];
+  int32_t h1 = h[1];
+  int32_t h2 = h[2];
+  int32_t h3 = h[3];
+  int32_t h4 = h[4];
+  int32_t h5 = h[5];
+  int32_t h6 = h[6];
+  int32_t h7 = h[7];
+  int32_t h8 = h[8];
+  int32_t h9 = h[9];
+  int32_t q;
+  int32_t carry0;
+  int32_t carry1;
+  int32_t carry2;
+  int32_t carry3;
+  int32_t carry4;
+  int32_t carry5;
+  int32_t carry6;
+  int32_t carry7;
+  int32_t carry8;
+  int32_t carry9;
+
+  q = (19 * h9 + (((int32_t) 1) << 24)) >> 25;
+  q = (h0 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h1 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h2 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h3 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h4 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h5 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h6 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h7 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h8 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h9 + q) >> 25;
+
+  /* Goal: Output h-(2^255-19)q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+  h0 += 19 * q;
+  /* Goal: Output h-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+
+  carry0 = h0 >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry1 = h1 >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry2 = h2 >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry3 = h3 >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry4 = h4 >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry5 = h5 >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry6 = h6 >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry7 = h7 >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  carry8 = h8 >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  carry9 = h9 >> 25;               h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+                  /* h10 = carry9 */
+
+  /*
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^255 h10-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20.
+  Have h0+...+2^230 h9 between 0 and 2^255-1;
+  evidently 2^255 h10-2^255 q = 0.
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^230 h9.
+  */
+
+  s[0] = h0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = h0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = h0 >> 16;
+  s[3] = (h0 >> 24) | (h1 << 2);
+  s[4] = h1 >> 6;
+  s[5] = h1 >> 14;
+  s[6] = (h1 >> 22) | (h2 << 3);
+  s[7] = h2 >> 5;
+  s[8] = h2 >> 13;
+  s[9] = (h2 >> 21) | (h3 << 5);
+  s[10] = h3 >> 3;
+  s[11] = h3 >> 11;
+  s[12] = (h3 >> 19) | (h4 << 6);
+  s[13] = h4 >> 2;
+  s[14] = h4 >> 10;
+  s[15] = h4 >> 18;
+  s[16] = h5 >> 0;
+  s[17] = h5 >> 8;
+  s[18] = h5 >> 16;
+  s[19] = (h5 >> 24) | (h6 << 1);
+  s[20] = h6 >> 7;
+  s[21] = h6 >> 15;
+  s[22] = (h6 >> 23) | (h7 << 3);
+  s[23] = h7 >> 5;
+  s[24] = h7 >> 13;
+  s[25] = (h7 >> 21) | (h8 << 4);
+  s[26] = h8 >> 4;
+  s[27] = h8 >> 12;
+  s[28] = (h8 >> 20) | (h9 << 6);
+  s[29] = h9 >> 2;
+  s[30] = h9 >> 10;
+  s[31] = h9 >> 18;
+}
+/*
+ *
+ * sc code
+ *
+ *
+The set of scalars is \Z/l
+where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+
+This is the order of the curve ed25519. 
+The point is that if a is a scalar and P is a point,
+and b is congruent to a mod l, then aP = bP.
+Thus, reducing mod l can possibly give you a smaller scalar,
+so your elliptic curve operations take less time
+*/
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (ab+c) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+void sc_muladd(unsigned char *s,const unsigned char *a,const unsigned char *b,const unsigned char *c)
+{
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  int64_t c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  int64_t c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0;
+  int64_t s1;
+  int64_t s2;
+  int64_t s3;
+  int64_t s4;
+  int64_t s5;
+  int64_t s6;
+  int64_t s7;
+  int64_t s8;
+  int64_t s9;
+  int64_t s10;
+  int64_t s11;
+  int64_t s12;
+  int64_t s13;
+  int64_t s14;
+  int64_t s15;
+  int64_t s16;
+  int64_t s17;
+  int64_t s18;
+  int64_t s19;
+  int64_t s20;
+  int64_t s21;
+  int64_t s22;
+  int64_t s23;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+  int64_t carry17;
+  int64_t carry18;
+  int64_t carry19;
+  int64_t carry20;
+  int64_t carry21;
+  int64_t carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 + a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 + a0*b1 + a1*b0;
+  s2 = c2 + a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0;
+  s3 = c3 + a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0;
+  s4 = c4 + a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0;
+  s5 = c5 + a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0;
+  s6 = c6 + a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0;
+  s7 = c7 + a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0;
+  s8 = c8 + a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0;
+  s9 = c9 + a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0;
+  s10 = c10 + a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0;
+  s11 = c11 + a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0;
+  s12 = a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1;
+  s13 = a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2;
+  s14 = a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3;
+  s15 = a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4;
+  s16 = a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5;
+  s17 = a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6;
+  s18 = a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7;
+  s19 = a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8;
+  s20 = a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9;
+  s21 = a10*b11 + a11*b10;
+  s22 = a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^63*s[63] = s
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = s mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+  Overwrites s in place.
+*/
+
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *s)
+{
+  int64_t s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  int64_t s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  int64_t s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t s11 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s12 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 31) >> 4);
+  int64_t s13 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 34) >> 1);
+  int64_t s14 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 36) >> 6);
+  int64_t s15 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 39) >> 3);
+  int64_t s16 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 42);
+  int64_t s17 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 44) >> 5);
+  int64_t s18 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 47) >> 2);
+  int64_t s19 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 49) >> 7);
+  int64_t s20 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 52) >> 4);
+  int64_t s21 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 55) >> 1);
+  int64_t s22 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 57) >> 6);
+  int64_t s23 = (load_4(s + 60) >> 3);
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+void sc_sub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 - b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 - b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 - b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 - b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 - b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 - b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 - b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 - b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 - b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 - b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 - b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 - b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (c-ab) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+//x
+void sc_mulsub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b, const unsigned char *c) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  int64_t c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  int64_t c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0;
+  int64_t s1;
+  int64_t s2;
+  int64_t s3;
+  int64_t s4;
+  int64_t s5;
+  int64_t s6;
+  int64_t s7;
+  int64_t s8;
+  int64_t s9;
+  int64_t s10;
+  int64_t s11;
+  int64_t s12;
+  int64_t s13;
+  int64_t s14;
+  int64_t s15;
+  int64_t s16;
+  int64_t s17;
+  int64_t s18;
+  int64_t s19;
+  int64_t s20;
+  int64_t s21;
+  int64_t s22;
+  int64_t s23;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+  int64_t carry17;
+  int64_t carry18;
+  int64_t carry19;
+  int64_t carry20;
+  int64_t carry21;
+  int64_t carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 - a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 - (a0*b1 + a1*b0);
+  s2 = c2 - (a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0);
+  s3 = c3 - (a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0);
+  s4 = c4 - (a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0);
+  s5 = c5 - (a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0);
+  s6 = c6 - (a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0);
+  s7 = c7 - (a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0);
+  s8 = c8 - (a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0);
+  s9 = c9 - (a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0);
+  s10 = c10 - (a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0);
+  s11 = c11 - (a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0);
+  s12 = -(a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1);
+  s13 = -(a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2);
+  s14 = -(a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3);
+  s15 = -(a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4);
+  s16 = -(a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5);
+  s17 = -(a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6);
+  s18 = -(a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7);
+  s19 = -(a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8);
+  s20 = -(a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9);
+  s21 = -(a10*b11 + a11*b10);
+  s22 = -a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *
+ * ge code
+ *
+ *
+ge means group element.
+
+Here the group is the set of pairs (x,y) of field elements (see fe.h)
+satisfying -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + d x^2y^2
+where d = -121665/121666.
+
+Representations:
+  ge_p2 (projective): (X:Y:Z) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z
+  ge_p3 (extended): (X:Y:Z:T) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z, XY=ZT
+  ge_p1p1 (completed): ((X:Z),(Y:T)) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/T
+  ge_precomp (Duif): (y+x,y-x,2dxy)
+*/
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YplusX);
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YminusX);
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+}
+static void slide(signed char *r,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  int i;
+  int b;
+  int k;
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    r[i] = 1 & (a[i >> 3] >> (i & 7));
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    if (r[i]) {
+      for (b = 1;b <= 6 && i + b < 256;++b) {
+        if (r[i + b]) {
+          if (r[i] + (r[i + b] << b) <= 15) {
+            r[i] += r[i + b] << b; r[i + b] = 0;
+          } else if (r[i] - (r[i + b] << b) >= -15) {
+            r[i] -= r[i + b] << b;
+            for (k = i + b;k < 256;++k) {
+              if (!r[k]) {
+                r[k] = 1;
+                break;
+              }
+              r[k] = 0;
+            }
+          } else
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+}
+static ge_precomp Bi[8] = {
+ {
+  { 25967493,-14356035,29566456,3660896,-12694345,4014787,27544626,-11754271,-6079156,2047605 },
+  { -12545711,934262,-2722910,3049990,-727428,9406986,12720692,5043384,19500929,-15469378 },
+  { -8738181,4489570,9688441,-14785194,10184609,-12363380,29287919,11864899,-24514362,-4438546 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15636291,-9688557,24204773,-7912398,616977,-16685262,27787600,-14772189,28944400,-1550024 },
+  { 16568933,4717097,-11556148,-1102322,15682896,-11807043,16354577,-11775962,7689662,11199574 },
+  { 30464156,-5976125,-11779434,-15670865,23220365,15915852,7512774,10017326,-17749093,-9920357 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 10861363,11473154,27284546,1981175,-30064349,12577861,32867885,14515107,-15438304,10819380 },
+  { 4708026,6336745,20377586,9066809,-11272109,6594696,-25653668,12483688,-12668491,5581306 },
+  { 19563160,16186464,-29386857,4097519,10237984,-4348115,28542350,13850243,-23678021,-15815942 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 5153746,9909285,1723747,-2777874,30523605,5516873,19480852,5230134,-23952439,-15175766 },
+  { -30269007,-3463509,7665486,10083793,28475525,1649722,20654025,16520125,30598449,7715701 },
+  { 28881845,14381568,9657904,3680757,-20181635,7843316,-31400660,1370708,29794553,-1409300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22518993,-6692182,14201702,-8745502,-23510406,8844726,18474211,-1361450,-13062696,13821877 },
+  { -6455177,-7839871,3374702,-4740862,-27098617,-10571707,31655028,-7212327,18853322,-14220951 },
+  { 4566830,-12963868,-28974889,-12240689,-7602672,-2830569,-8514358,-10431137,2207753,-3209784 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -25154831,-4185821,29681144,7868801,-6854661,-9423865,-12437364,-663000,-31111463,-16132436 },
+  { 25576264,-2703214,7349804,-11814844,16472782,9300885,3844789,15725684,171356,6466918 },
+  { 23103977,13316479,9739013,-16149481,817875,-15038942,8965339,-14088058,-30714912,16193877 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -33521811,3180713,-2394130,14003687,-16903474,-16270840,17238398,4729455,-18074513,9256800 },
+  { -25182317,-4174131,32336398,5036987,-21236817,11360617,22616405,9761698,-19827198,630305 },
+  { -13720693,2639453,-24237460,-7406481,9494427,-5774029,-6554551,-15960994,-2449256,-14291300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -3151181,-5046075,9282714,6866145,-31907062,-863023,-18940575,15033784,25105118,-7894876 },
+  { -24326370,15950226,-31801215,-14592823,-11662737,-5090925,1573892,-2625887,2198790,-15804619 },
+  { -3099351,10324967,-2241613,7453183,-5446979,-2735503,-13812022,-16236442,-32461234,-12290683 },
+ },
+} ;
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+void ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(ge_p2 *r,const unsigned char *a,const ge_p3 *A,const unsigned char *b)
+{
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* A,3A,5A,7A,9A,11A,13A,15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  ge_p3 A2;
+  int i;
+  slide(aslide,a);
+  slide(bslide,b);
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0],A);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t,A); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&A2,&t);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[1],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[2],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[3],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[4],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[5],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[6],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[7],&u);
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+  for (i = 255;i >= 0;--i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+  for (;i >= 0;--i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t,r);
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_add(&t,&u,&Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_sub(&t,&u,&Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_madd(&t,&u,&Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_msub(&t,&u,&Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r,&t);
+  }
+}
+static const fe d = {
+-10913610,13857413,-15372611,6949391,114729,-8787816,-6275908,-3247719,-18696448,-12055116
+} ;
+static const fe sqrtm1 = {
+-32595792,-7943725,9377950,3500415,12389472,-272473,-25146209,-2005654,326686,11406482
+} ;
+int ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe v3;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+  fe_frombytes(h->Y,s);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u,h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v,u,d);
+  fe_sub(u,u,h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v,v,h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+  fe_sq(v3,v);
+  fe_mul(v3,v3,v);        /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^7 */
+  fe_pow22523(h->X,h->X); /* x = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_sq(vxx,h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx,vxx,v);
+  fe_sub(check,vxx,u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check,vxx,u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) return -1;
+    fe_mul(h->X,h->X,sqrtm1);
+  }
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) == (s[31] >> 7))
+    fe_neg(h->X,h->X);
+  fe_mul(h->T,h->X,h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yplusx);
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yminusx);
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+}
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yminusx);
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yplusx);
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+}
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+}
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->T,p->X,p->Y);
+}
+
+void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+}
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p2 *p)
+{
+  fe t0;
+fe_sq(r->X,p->X);
+fe_sq(r->Z,p->Y);
+fe_sq2(r->T,p->Z);
+fe_add(r->Y,p->X,p->Y);
+fe_sq(t0,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->X);
+fe_sub(r->Z,r->Z,r->X);
+fe_sub(r->X,t0,r->Y);
+fe_sub(r->T,r->T,r->Z);
+}
+
+void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_0(h->T);
+}
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  ge_p2 q;
+  ge_p3_to_p2(&q,p);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r,&q);
+}
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+static const fe d2 = {
+-21827239,-5839606,-30745221,13898782,229458,15978800,-12551817,-6495438,29715968,9444199
+} ;
+extern void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_add(r->YplusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->YminusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->T2d,p->T,d2);
+}
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_copy(r->X,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Y,p->Y);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+}
+
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
+
+void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *h)
+{
+  fe_1(h->yplusx);
+  fe_1(h->yminusx);
+  fe_0(h->xy2d);
+}
+static unsigned char equal(signed char b,signed char c)
+{
+  unsigned char ub = b;
+  unsigned char uc = c;
+  unsigned char x = ub ^ uc; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  uint32_t y = x; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  y -= 1; /* 4294967295: yes; 0..254: no */
+  y >>= 31; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return y;
+}
+static unsigned char negative(signed char b)
+{
+  unsigned long long x = b; /* 18446744073709551361..18446744073709551615: yes; 0..255: no */
+  x >>= 63; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return x;
+}
+static void ge_precomp_cmov(ge_precomp *t,ge_precomp *u,unsigned char b)
+{
+  fe_cmov(t->yplusx,u->yplusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->yminusx,u->yminusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->xy2d,u->xy2d,b);
+}
+/* base[i][j] = (j+1)*256^i*B */
+static ge_precomp base[32][8] = {
+{
+ {
+  { 25967493,-14356035,29566456,3660896,-12694345,4014787,27544626,-11754271,-6079156,2047605 },
+  { -12545711,934262,-2722910,3049990,-727428,9406986,12720692,5043384,19500929,-15469378 },
+  { -8738181,4489570,9688441,-14785194,10184609,-12363380,29287919,11864899,-24514362,-4438546 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -12815894,-12976347,-21581243,11784320,-25355658,-2750717,-11717903,-3814571,-358445,-10211303 },
+  { -21703237,6903825,27185491,6451973,-29577724,-9554005,-15616551,11189268,-26829678,-5319081 },
+  { 26966642,11152617,32442495,15396054,14353839,-12752335,-3128826,-9541118,-15472047,-4166697 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 15636291,-9688557,24204773,-7912398,616977,-16685262,27787600,-14772189,28944400,-1550024 },
+  { 16568933,4717097,-11556148,-1102322,15682896,-11807043,16354577,-11775962,7689662,11199574 },
+  { 30464156,-5976125,-11779434,-15670865,23220365,15915852,7512774,10017326,-17749093,-9920357 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -17036878,13921892,10945806,-6033431,27105052,-16084379,-28926210,15006023,3284568,-6276540 },
+  { 23599295,-8306047,-11193664,-7687416,13236774,10506355,7464579,9656445,13059162,10374397 },
+  { 7798556,16710257,3033922,2874086,28997861,2835604,32406664,-3839045,-641708,-101325 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 10861363,11473154,27284546,1981175,-30064349,12577861,32867885,14515107,-15438304,10819380 },
+  { 4708026,6336745,20377586,9066809,-11272109,6594696,-25653668,12483688,-12668491,5581306 },
+  { 19563160,16186464,-29386857,4097519,10237984,-4348115,28542350,13850243,-23678021,-15815942 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -15371964,-12862754,32573250,4720197,-26436522,5875511,-19188627,-15224819,-9818940,-12085777 },
+  { -8549212,109983,15149363,2178705,22900618,4543417,3044240,-15689887,1762328,14866737 },
+  { -18199695,-15951423,-10473290,1707278,-17185920,3916101,-28236412,3959421,27914454,4383652 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 5153746,9909285,1723747,-2777874,30523605,5516873,19480852,5230134,-23952439,-15175766 },
+  { -30269007,-3463509,7665486,10083793,28475525,1649722,20654025,16520125,30598449,7715701 },
+  { 28881845,14381568,9657904,3680757,-20181635,7843316,-31400660,1370708,29794553,-1409300 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 14499471,-2729599,-33191113,-4254652,28494862,14271267,30290735,10876454,-33154098,2381726 },
+  { -7195431,-2655363,-14730155,462251,-27724326,3941372,-6236617,3696005,-32300832,15351955 },
+  { 27431194,8222322,16448760,-3907995,-18707002,11938355,-32961401,-2970515,29551813,10109425 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { -13657040,-13155431,-31283750,11777098,21447386,6519384,-2378284,-1627556,10092783,-4764171 },
+  { 27939166,14210322,4677035,16277044,-22964462,-12398139,-32508754,12005538,-17810127,12803510 },
+  { 17228999,-15661624,-1233527,300140,-1224870,-11714777,30364213,-9038194,18016357,4397660 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -10958843,-7690207,4776341,-14954238,27850028,-15602212,-26619106,14544525,-17477504,982639 },
+  { 29253598,15796703,-2863982,-9908884,10057023,3163536,7332899,-4120128,-21047696,9934963 },
+  { 5793303,16271923,-24131614,-10116404,29188560,1206517,-14747930,4559895,-30123922,-10897950 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -27643952,-11493006,16282657,-11036493,28414021,-15012264,24191034,4541697,-13338309,5500568 },
+  { 12650548,-1497113,9052871,11355358,-17680037,-8400164,-17430592,12264343,10874051,13524335 },
+  { 25556948,-3045990,714651,2510400,23394682,-10415330,33119038,5080568,-22528059,5376628 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -26088264,-4011052,-17013699,-3537628,-6726793,1920897,-22321305,-9447443,4535768,1569007 },
+  { -2255422,14606630,-21692440,-8039818,28430649,8775819,-30494562,3044290,31848280,12543772 },
+  { -22028579,2943893,-31857513,6777306,13784462,-4292203,-27377195,-2062731,7718482,14474653 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 2385315,2454213,-22631320,46603,-4437935,-15680415,656965,-7236665,24316168,-5253567 },
+  { 13741529,10911568,-33233417,-8603737,-20177830,-1033297,33040651,-13424532,-20729456,8321686 },
+  { 21060490,-2212744,15712757,-4336099,1639040,10656336,23845965,-11874838,-9984458,608372 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -13672732,-15087586,-10889693,-7557059,-6036909,11305547,1123968,-6780577,27229399,23887 },
+  { -23244140,-294205,-11744728,14712571,-29465699,-2029617,12797024,-6440308,-1633405,16678954 },
+  { -29500620,4770662,-16054387,14001338,7830047,9564805,-1508144,-4795045,-17169265,4904953 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 24059557,14617003,19037157,-15039908,19766093,-14906429,5169211,16191880,2128236,-4326833 },
+  { -16981152,4124966,-8540610,-10653797,30336522,-14105247,-29806336,916033,-6882542,-2986532 },
+  { -22630907,12419372,-7134229,-7473371,-16478904,16739175,285431,2763829,15736322,4143876 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 2379352,11839345,-4110402,-5988665,11274298,794957,212801,-14594663,23527084,-16458268 },
+  { 33431127,-11130478,-17838966,-15626900,8909499,8376530,-32625340,4087881,-15188911,-14416214 },
+  { 1767683,7197987,-13205226,-2022635,-13091350,448826,5799055,4357868,-4774191,-16323038 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { 6721966,13833823,-23523388,-1551314,26354293,-11863321,23365147,-3949732,7390890,2759800 },
+  { 4409041,2052381,23373853,10530217,7676779,-12885954,21302353,-4264057,1244380,-12919645 },
+  { -4421239,7169619,4982368,-2957590,30256825,-2777540,14086413,9208236,15886429,16489664 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 1996075,10375649,14346367,13311202,-6874135,-16438411,-13693198,398369,-30606455,-712933 },
+  { -25307465,9795880,-2777414,14878809,-33531835,14780363,13348553,12076947,-30836462,5113182 },
+  { -17770784,11797796,31950843,13929123,-25888302,12288344,-30341101,-7336386,13847711,5387222 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -18582163,-3416217,17824843,-2340966,22744343,-10442611,8763061,3617786,-19600662,10370991 },
+  { 20246567,-14369378,22358229,-543712,18507283,-10413996,14554437,-8746092,32232924,16763880 },
+  { 9648505,10094563,26416693,14745928,-30374318,-6472621,11094161,15689506,3140038,-16510092 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -16160072,5472695,31895588,4744994,8823515,10365685,-27224800,9448613,-28774454,366295 },
+  { 19153450,11523972,-11096490,-6503142,-24647631,5420647,28344573,8041113,719605,11671788 },
+  { 8678025,2694440,-6808014,2517372,4964326,11152271,-15432916,-15266516,27000813,-10195553 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -15157904,7134312,8639287,-2814877,-7235688,10421742,564065,5336097,6750977,-14521026 },
+  { 11836410,-3979488,26297894,16080799,23455045,15735944,1695823,-8819122,8169720,16220347 },
+  { -18115838,8653647,17578566,-6092619,-8025777,-16012763,-11144307,-2627664,-5990708,-14166033 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -23308498,-10968312,15213228,-10081214,-30853605,-11050004,27884329,2847284,2655861,1738395 },
+  { -27537433,-14253021,-25336301,-8002780,-9370762,8129821,21651608,-3239336,-19087449,-11005278 },
+  { 1533110,3437855,23735889,459276,29970501,11335377,26030092,5821408,10478196,8544890 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 32173121,-16129311,24896207,3921497,22579056,-3410854,19270449,12217473,17789017,-3395995 },
+  { -30552961,-2228401,-15578829,-10147201,13243889,517024,15479401,-3853233,30460520,1052596 },
+  { -11614875,13323618,32618793,8175907,-15230173,12596687,27491595,-4612359,3179268,-9478891 },
+ },
+ {
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+  { -23910559,-13515526,-26299483,-4503841,25005590,-7687270,19574902,10071562,6708380,-6222424 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 2101391,-4930054,19702731,2367575,-15427167,1047675,5301017,9328700,29955601,-11678310 },
+  { 3096359,9271816,-21620864,-15521844,-14847996,-7592937,-25892142,-12635595,-9917575,6216608 },
+  { -32615849,338663,-25195611,2510422,-29213566,-13820213,24822830,-6146567,-26767480,7525079 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -23066649,-13985623,16133487,-7896178,-3389565,778788,-910336,-2782495,-19386633,11994101 },
+  { 21691500,-13624626,-641331,-14367021,3285881,-3483596,-25064666,9718258,-7477437,13381418 },
+  { 18445390,-4202236,14979846,11622458,-1727110,-3582980,23111648,-6375247,28535282,15779576 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 30098053,3089662,-9234387,16662135,-21306940,11308411,-14068454,12021730,9955285,-16303356 },
+  { 9734894,-14576830,-7473633,-9138735,2060392,11313496,-18426029,9924399,20194861,13380996 },
+  { -26378102,-7965207,-22167821,15789297,-18055342,-6168792,-1984914,15707771,26342023,10146099 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { -26016874,-219943,21339191,-41388,19745256,-2878700,-29637280,2227040,21612326,-545728 },
+  { -13077387,1184228,23562814,-5970442,-20351244,-6348714,25764461,12243797,-20856566,11649658 },
+  { -10031494,11262626,27384172,2271902,26947504,-15997771,39944,6114064,33514190,2333242 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -21433588,-12421821,8119782,7219913,-21830522,-9016134,-6679750,-12670638,24350578,-13450001 },
+  { -4116307,-11271533,-23886186,4843615,-30088339,690623,-31536088,-10406836,8317860,12352766 },
+  { 18200138,-14475911,-33087759,-2696619,-23702521,-9102511,-23552096,-2287550,20712163,6719373 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 26656208,6075253,-7858556,1886072,-28344043,4262326,11117530,-3763210,26224235,-3297458 },
+  { -17168938,-14854097,-3395676,-16369877,-19954045,14050420,21728352,9493610,18620611,-16428628 },
+  { -13323321,13325349,11432106,5964811,18609221,6062965,-5269471,-9725556,-30701573,-16479657 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -23860538,-11233159,26961357,1640861,-32413112,-16737940,12248509,-5240639,13735342,1934062 },
+  { 25089769,6742589,17081145,-13406266,21909293,-16067981,-15136294,-3765346,-21277997,5473616 },
+  { 31883677,-7961101,1083432,-11572403,22828471,13290673,-7125085,12469656,29111212,-5451014 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 24244947,-15050407,-26262976,2791540,-14997599,16666678,24367466,6388839,-10295587,452383 },
+  { -25640782,-3417841,5217916,16224624,19987036,-4082269,-24236251,-5915248,15766062,8407814 },
+  { -20406999,13990231,15495425,16395525,5377168,15166495,-8917023,-4388953,-8067909,2276718 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 30157918,12924066,-17712050,9245753,19895028,3368142,-23827587,5096219,22740376,-7303417 },
+  { 2041139,-14256350,7783687,13876377,-25946985,-13352459,24051124,13742383,-15637599,13295222 },
+  { 33338237,-8505733,12532113,7977527,9106186,-1715251,-17720195,-4612972,-4451357,-14669444 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -20045281,5454097,-14346548,6447146,28862071,1883651,-2469266,-4141880,7770569,9620597 },
+  { 23208068,7979712,33071466,8149229,1758231,-10834995,30945528,-1694323,-33502340,-14767970 },
+  { 1439958,-16270480,-1079989,-793782,4625402,10647766,-5043801,1220118,30494170,-11440799 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -5037580,-13028295,-2970559,-3061767,15640974,-6701666,-26739026,926050,-1684339,-13333647 },
+  { 13908495,-3549272,30919928,-6273825,-21521863,7989039,9021034,9078865,3353509,4033511 },
+  { -29663431,-15113610,32259991,-344482,24295849,-12912123,23161163,8839127,27485041,7356032 },
+ },
+},
+{
+ {
+  { 9661027,705443,11980065,-5370154,-1628543,14661173,-6346142,2625015,28431036,-16771834 },
+  { -23839233,-8311415,-25945511,7480958,-17681669,-8354183,-22545972,14150565,15970762,4099461 },
+  { 29262576,16756590,26350592,-8793563,8529671,-11208050,13617293,-9937143,11465739,8317062 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -25493081,-6962928,32500200,-9419051,-23038724,-2302222,14898637,3848455,20969334,-5157516 },
+  { -20384450,-14347713,-18336405,13884722,-33039454,2842114,-21610826,-3649888,11177095,14989547 },
+  { -24496721,-11716016,16959896,2278463,12066309,10137771,13515641,2581286,-28487508,9930240 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -17751622,-2097826,16544300,-13009300,-15914807,-14949081,18345767,-13403753,16291481,-5314038 },
+  { -33229194,2553288,32678213,9875984,8534129,6889387,-9676774,6957617,4368891,9788741 },
+  { 16660756,7281060,-10830758,12911820,20108584,-8101676,-21722536,-8613148,16250552,-11111103 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -19765507,2390526,-16551031,14161980,1905286,6414907,4689584,10604807,-30190403,4782747 },
+  { -1354539,14736941,-7367442,-13292886,7710542,-14155590,-9981571,4383045,22546403,437323 },
+  { 31665577,-12180464,-16186830,1491339,-18368625,3294682,27343084,2786261,-30633590,-14097016 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -14467279,-683715,-33374107,7448552,19294360,14334329,-19690631,2355319,-19284671,-6114373 },
+  { 15121312,-15796162,6377020,-6031361,-10798111,-12957845,18952177,15496498,-29380133,11754228 },
+  { -2637277,-13483075,8488727,-14303896,12728761,-1622493,7141596,11724556,22761615,-10134141 },
+ },
+ {
+  { 16918416,11729663,-18083579,3022987,-31015732,-13339659,-28741185,-12227393,32851222,11717399 },
+  { 11166634,7338049,-6722523,4531520,-29468672,-7302055,31474879,3483633,-1193175,-4030831 },
+  { -185635,9921305,31456609,-13536438,-12013818,13348923,33142652,6546660,-19985279,-3948376 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -32460596,11266712,-11197107,-7899103,31703694,3855903,-8537131,-12833048,-30772034,-15486313 },
+  { -18006477,12709068,3991746,-6479188,-21491523,-10550425,-31135347,-16049879,10928917,3011958 },
+  { -6957757,-15594337,31696059,334240,29576716,14796075,-30831056,-12805180,18008031,10258577 },
+ },
+ {
+  { -22448644,15655569,7018479,-4410003,-30314266,-1201591,-1853465,1367120,25127874,6671743 },
+  { 29701166,-14373934,-10878120,9279288,-17568,13127210,21382910,11042292,25838796,4642684 },
+  { -20430234,14955537,-24126347,8124619,-5369288,-5990470,30468147,-13900640,18423289,4177476 },
+ },
+},
+} ;
+static void select(ge_precomp *t,int pos,signed char b)
+{
+  ge_precomp minust;
+  unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+  unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+  ge_precomp_0(t);
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][0],equal(babs,1));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][1],equal(babs,2));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][2],equal(babs,3));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][3],equal(babs,4));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][4],equal(babs,5));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][5],equal(babs,6));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][6],equal(babs,7));
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&base[pos][7],equal(babs,8));
+  fe_copy(minust.yplusx,t->yminusx);
+  fe_copy(minust.yminusx,t->yplusx);
+  fe_neg(minust.xy2d,t->xy2d);
+  ge_precomp_cmov(t,&minust,bnegative);
+}
+/*
+h = a * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31]
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+Preconditions:
+  a[31] <= 127
+*/
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  signed char e[64];
+  signed char carry;
+  ge_p1p1 r;
+  ge_p2 s;
+  ge_precomp t;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) {
+    e[2 * i + 0] = (a[i] >> 0) & 15;
+    e[2 * i + 1] = (a[i] >> 4) & 15;
+  }
+  /* each e[i] is between 0 and 15 */
+  /* e[63] is between 0 and 7 */
+  carry = 0;
+  for (i = 0;i < 63;++i) {
+    e[i] += carry;
+    carry = e[i] + 8;
+    carry >>= 4;
+    e[i] -= carry << 4;
+  }
+  e[63] += carry;
+  /* each e[i] is between -8 and 8 */
+  ge_p3_0(h);
+  for (i = 1;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+  ge_p3_dbl(&r,h);  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  for (i = 0;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+}
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YminusX);
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YplusX);
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+}
+
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
+/*
+ *
+ * xmr specific code
+ *
+ *
+This code is from the original CryptoNote.
+Some additional functions were needed to compute ring signatures
+which are not needed for signing. 
+Note that sc_sub and sc_mulsub have been given their own file
+since these have been rewritten 
+
+*/
+/*Code inherited from the original cryptonote (I didn't write these) */
+/*These functions either don't exist in, or are modified from ref10*/
+
+
+/* From fe_isnonzero.c, modified */
+
+//x
+static int fe_isnonzero(const fe f) {
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s, f);
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
+
+//double scalar mult precomp
+void ge_dsm_precomp(ge_dsmp r, const ge_p3 *s) {
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 s2, u;
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&r[0], s);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t, s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&s2, &t);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[1], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[2], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[3], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[4], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[5], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[6], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[7], &u);
+}
+
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+
+void ge_double_scalarmult_base_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);/* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+      //so this gets us to the highest i such that both have a nonzero
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);//simple double and add
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_madd(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_msub(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* From ge_frombytes.c, modified */
+//this is like xrecover .. 
+//x
+int ge_frombytes_vartime(ge_p3 *h, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  /* Validate the number to be canonical */
+  if (h9 == 33554428 && h8 == 268435440 && h7 == 536870880 && h6 == 2147483520 &&
+    h5 == 4294967295 && h4 == 67108860 && h3 == 134217720 && h2 == 536870880 &&
+    h1 == 1073741760 && h0 >= 4294967277) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h->Y[0] = h0;
+  h->Y[1] = h1;
+  h->Y[2] = h2;
+  h->Y[3] = h3;
+  h->Y[4] = h4;
+  h->Y[5] = h5;
+  h->Y[6] = h6;
+  h->Y[7] = h7;
+  h->Y[8] = h8;
+  h->Y[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u, h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v, u, fe_d);
+  fe_sub(u, u, h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v, v, h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+
+  fe_divpowm1(h->X, u, v); /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+
+  fe_sq(vxx, h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx, vxx, v);
+  fe_sub(check, vxx, u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check, vxx, u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_mul(h->X, h->X, fe_sqrtm1); //this is mapping X to X * sqrt(-1) c.f. 3.1 in hisil, dong, etc. 
+  }
+
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) != (s[31] >> 7)) {
+    /* If x = 0, the sign must be positive */
+    if (!fe_isnonzero(h->X)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_neg(h->X, h->X);
+  }
+
+  fe_mul(h->T, h->X, h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* New code */
+/* (u / v)^(m + 1) */
+static void fe_divpowm1(fe r, const fe u, const fe v) {
+  fe v3, uv7, t0, t1, t2;
+  int i;
+
+  fe_sq(v3, v);
+  fe_mul(v3, v3, v); /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(uv7, v3);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, v);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, u); /* uv7 = uv^7 */
+
+  /*fe_pow22523(uv7, uv7);*/
+
+  /* From fe_pow22523.c */
+
+  fe_sq(t0, uv7);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  fe_mul(t1, uv7, t1);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, t1);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 19; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, uv7);
+
+  /* End fe_pow22523.c */
+  /* t0 = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, v3);
+  fe_mul(r, t0, u); /* u^(m+1)v^(-(m+1)) */
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_0(ge_cached *r) {
+  fe_1(r->YplusX);
+  fe_1(r->YminusX);
+  fe_1(r->Z);
+  fe_0(r->T2d);
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_cmov(ge_cached *t, const ge_cached *u, unsigned char b) {
+  fe_cmov(t->YplusX, u->YplusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->YminusX, u->YminusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->Z, u->Z, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->T2d, u->T2d, b);
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a[31] <= 127 */
+void ge_scalarmult(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A) {
+  signed char e[64];
+  int carry, carry2, i;
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* 1 * A, 2 * A, ..., 8 * A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+
+  carry = 0; /* 0..1 */
+  for (i = 0; i < 31; i++) {
+    carry += a[i]; /* 0..256 */
+    carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..16 */
+    e[2 * i] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+    carry = (carry2 + 8) >> 4; /* 0..1 */
+    e[2 * i + 1] = carry2 - (carry << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  }
+  carry += a[31]; /* 0..128 */
+  carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..8 */
+  e[62] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  e[63] = carry2; /* 0..8 */
+
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0], A);
+  for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+    ge_add(&t, A, &Ai[i]);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[i + 1], &u);
+  }
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+  for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) {
+    signed char b = e[i];
+    unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+    unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+    ge_cached cur, minuscur;
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_cached_0(&cur);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[0], equal(babs, 1));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[1], equal(babs, 2));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[2], equal(babs, 3));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[3], equal(babs, 4));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[4], equal(babs, 5));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[5], equal(babs, 6));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[6], equal(babs, 7));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[7], equal(babs, 8));
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YplusX, cur.YminusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YminusX, cur.YplusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.Z, cur.Z);
+    fe_neg(minuscur.T2d, cur.T2d);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &minuscur, bnegative);
+    ge_add(&t, &u, &cur);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//assume Bi has precomputed multiples
+void ge_double_scalarmult_precomp_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b, const ge_dsmp Bii) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */ //precomps
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Bii[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Bii[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_mul8(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p2 *t) {
+  ge_p2 u;
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, t);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u, v, w, x, y, z;
+  unsigned char sign;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = load_3(s + 29) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  u[0] = h0;
+  u[1] = h1;
+  u[2] = h2;
+  u[3] = h3;
+  u[4] = h4;
+  u[5] = h5;
+  u[6] = h6;
+  u[7] = h7;
+  u[8] = h8;
+  u[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_sq2(v, u); /* 2 * u^2 */
+  fe_1(w);
+  fe_add(w, v, w); /* w = 2 * u^2 + 1 */
+  fe_sq(x, w); /* w^2 */
+  fe_mul(y, fe_ma2, v); /* -2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_add(x, x, y); /* x = w^2 - 2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_divpowm1(r->X, w, x); /* (w / x)^(m + 1) */
+  fe_sq(y, r->X);
+  fe_mul(x, y, x);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  fe_copy(z, fe_ma);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    fe_add(y, w, x);
+    if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+      goto negative;
+    } else {
+      fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, u); /* u * sqrt(2 * A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  fe_mul(z, z, v); /* -2 * A * u^2 */
+  sign = 0;
+  goto setsign;
+negative:
+  fe_mul(x, x, fe_sqrtm1);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    assert((fe_add(y, w, x), !fe_isnonzero(y)));
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb3);
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb4);
+  }
+  /* r->X = sqrt(A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  /* z = -A */
+  sign = 1;
+setsign:
+  if (fe_isnegative(r->X) != sign) {
+    assert(fe_isnonzero(r->X));
+    fe_neg(r->X, r->X);
+  }
+  fe_add(r->Z, z, w);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, z, w);
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, r->Z);
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  {
+    fe check_x, check_y, check_iz, check_v;
+    fe_invert(check_iz, r->Z);
+    fe_mul(check_x, r->X, check_iz);
+    fe_mul(check_y, r->Y, check_iz);
+    fe_sq(check_x, check_x);
+    fe_sq(check_y, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, check_x, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, fe_d, check_v);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    fe_sub(check_v, check_v, check_y);
+    fe_1(check_x);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    assert(!fe_isnonzero(check_v));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_0(unsigned char *s) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    s[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_reduce32(unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  int64_t s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  int64_t s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t s11 = (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_add(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 + b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 + b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 + b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 + b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 + b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 + b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 + b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 + b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 + b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 + b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 + b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 + b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a != INT64_MIN */
+//x c.f. lt in 32 bit ref
+static int64_t signum(int64_t a) {
+  return (a >> 63) - ((-a) >> 63);
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_check(const unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t s1 = load_4(s + 4);
+  int64_t s2 = load_4(s + 8);
+  int64_t s3 = load_4(s + 12);
+  int64_t s4 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t s5 = load_4(s + 20);
+  int64_t s6 = load_4(s + 24);
+  int64_t s7 = load_4(s + 28);
+  return (signum(1559614444 - s0) + (signum(1477600026 - s1) << 1) + (signum(2734136534 - s2) << 2) + (signum(350157278 - s3) << 3) + (signum(-s4) << 4) + (signum(-s5) << 5) + (signum(-s6) << 6) + (signum(268435456 - s7) << 7)) >> 8;
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_isnonzero(const unsigned char *s) {
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bd1f9f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/crypto-ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+// 
+// All rights reserved.
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+/* From fe.h */
+
+typedef int32_t fe[10];
+
+/* From ge.h */
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+} ge_p2;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p3;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p1p1;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe yplusx;
+  fe yminusx;
+  fe xy2d;
+} ge_precomp;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe YplusX;
+  fe YminusX;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T2d;
+} ge_cached;
+
+/* From ge_add.c */
+
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p3 *, const ge_cached *);
+
+/* From ge_double_scalarmult.c, modified */
+
+typedef ge_cached ge_dsmp[8];
+extern const ge_precomp ge_Bi[8];
+void ge_dsm_precomp(ge_dsmp r, const ge_p3 *s);
+void ge_double_scalarmult_base_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_frombytes.c, modified */
+
+extern const fe fe_sqrtm1;
+extern const fe fe_d;
+int ge_frombytes_vartime(ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p2.c */
+
+void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *, const ge_p1p1 *);
+
+/* From ge_p1p1_to_p3.c */
+
+void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *, const ge_p1p1 *);
+
+/* From ge_p2_dbl.c */
+
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p2 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_cached.c */
+
+extern const fe fe_d2;
+void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_to_p2.c */
+
+void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_p3_tobytes.c */
+
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *);
+
+/* From ge_scalarmult_base.c */
+
+extern const ge_precomp ge_base[32][8];
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *);
+
+/* From ge_tobytes.c */
+
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *, const ge_p2 *);
+
+/* From sc_reduce.c */
+
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *);
+
+/* New code */
+
+void ge_scalarmult(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *);
+void ge_double_scalarmult_precomp_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_p3 *, const unsigned char *, const ge_dsmp);
+void ge_mul8(ge_p1p1 *, const ge_p2 *);
+extern const fe fe_ma2;
+extern const fe fe_ma;
+extern const fe fe_fffb1;
+extern const fe fe_fffb2;
+extern const fe fe_fffb3;
+extern const fe fe_fffb4;
+void ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime(ge_p2 *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_0(unsigned char *);
+void sc_reduce32(unsigned char *);
+void sc_add(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_sub(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+void sc_mulsub(unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
+int sc_check(const unsigned char *);
+int sc_isnonzero(const unsigned char *); /* Doesn't normalize */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e25f57835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-10913610,13857413,-15372611,6949391,114729,-8787816,-6275908,-3247719,-18696448,-12055116
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8995bb86a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+print radix255(d)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01aaec751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-21827239,-5839606,-30745221,13898782,229458,15978800,-12551817,-6495438,29715968,9444199
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79841758b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/d2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+d = -121665 * inv(121666)
+print radix255(d*2)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/description b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/description
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07bf45d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/description
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+shen_ed25519_ref10
+MakeCryptoOps.py makes crypto-ops.c in the monero source from the ref10 implementation
+
+EdDSA signatures using Curve25519
+from http://hyperelliptic.org/ebats/supercop-20141124.tar.bz2
+
+commented / combined by shen noether, monero research labs
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/designers b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/designers
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63781c08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/designers
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ref10:
+Daniel J. Bernstein
+Niels Duif
+Tanja Lange
+Peter Schwabe
+Bo-Yin Yang
+
+MakeCryptoOps.py
+Shen Noether monero research labs
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60c308ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef FE_H
+#define FE_H
+
+#include "crypto_int32.h"
+
+typedef crypto_int32 fe[10];
+
+/*
+fe means field element.
+Here the field is \Z/(2^255-19).
+An element t, entries t[0]...t[9], represents the integer
+t[0]+2^26 t[1]+2^51 t[2]+2^77 t[3]+2^102 t[4]+...+2^230 t[9].
+Bounds on each t[i] vary depending on context.
+*/
+
+#define fe_frombytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_frombytes
+#define fe_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_tobytes
+#define fe_copy crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_copy
+#define fe_isnonzero crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_isnonzero
+#define fe_isnegative crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_isnegative
+#define fe_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_0
+#define fe_1 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_1
+#define fe_cswap crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_cswap
+#define fe_cmov crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_cmov
+#define fe_add crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_add
+#define fe_sub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sub
+#define fe_neg crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_neg
+#define fe_mul crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_mul
+#define fe_sq crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sq
+#define fe_sq2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_sq2
+#define fe_mul121666 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_mul121666
+#define fe_invert crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_invert
+#define fe_pow22523 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_fe_pow22523
+
+extern void fe_frombytes(fe,const unsigned char *);
+extern void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *,const fe);
+
+extern void fe_copy(fe,const fe);
+extern int fe_isnonzero(const fe);
+extern int fe_isnegative(const fe);
+extern void fe_0(fe);
+extern void fe_1(fe);
+extern void fe_cswap(fe,fe,unsigned int);
+extern void fe_cmov(fe,const fe,unsigned int);
+
+extern void fe_add(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sub(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_neg(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_mul(fe,const fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sq(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_sq2(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_mul121666(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_invert(fe,const fe);
+extern void fe_pow22523(fe,const fe);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec879d733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = 0
+*/
+
+void fe_0(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 0;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_1.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cf778484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = 1
+*/
+
+void fe_1(fe h)
+{
+  h[0] = 1;
+  h[1] = 0;
+  h[2] = 0;
+  h[3] = 0;
+  h[4] = 0;
+  h[5] = 0;
+  h[6] = 0;
+  h[7] = 0;
+  h[8] = 0;
+  h[9] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_add.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6a81da20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f + g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_add(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = f0 + g0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = f1 + g1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = f2 + g2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = f3 + g3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = f4 + g4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = f5 + g5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = f6 + g6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = f7 + g7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = f8 + g8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = f9 + g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_cmov.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_cmov.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ca584fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_cmov.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+Replace (f,g) with (g,g) if b == 1;
+replace (f,g) with (f,g) if b == 0.
+
+Preconditions: b in {0,1}.
+*/
+
+void fe_cmov(fe f,const fe g,unsigned int b)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 x0 = f0 ^ g0;
+  crypto_int32 x1 = f1 ^ g1;
+  crypto_int32 x2 = f2 ^ g2;
+  crypto_int32 x3 = f3 ^ g3;
+  crypto_int32 x4 = f4 ^ g4;
+  crypto_int32 x5 = f5 ^ g5;
+  crypto_int32 x6 = f6 ^ g6;
+  crypto_int32 x7 = f7 ^ g7;
+  crypto_int32 x8 = f8 ^ g8;
+  crypto_int32 x9 = f9 ^ g9;
+  b = -b;
+  x0 &= b;
+  x1 &= b;
+  x2 &= b;
+  x3 &= b;
+  x4 &= b;
+  x5 &= b;
+  x6 &= b;
+  x7 &= b;
+  x8 &= b;
+  x9 &= b;
+  f[0] = f0 ^ x0;
+  f[1] = f1 ^ x1;
+  f[2] = f2 ^ x2;
+  f[3] = f3 ^ x3;
+  f[4] = f4 ^ x4;
+  f[5] = f5 ^ x5;
+  f[6] = f6 ^ x6;
+  f[7] = f7 ^ x7;
+  f[8] = f8 ^ x8;
+  f[9] = f9 ^ x9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_copy.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_copy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c5bf865a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_copy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f
+*/
+
+void fe_copy(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  h[0] = f0;
+  h[1] = f1;
+  h[2] = f2;
+  h[3] = f3;
+  h[4] = f4;
+  h[5] = f5;
+  h[6] = f6;
+  h[7] = f7;
+  h[8] = f8;
+  h[9] = f9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_frombytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_frombytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c1791748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_frombytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Ignores top bit of h.
+*/
+
+void fe_frombytes(fe h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  crypto_int64 h0 = load_4(s);
+  crypto_int64 h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  crypto_int64 h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_invert.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_invert.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcfdb8ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_invert.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+void fe_invert(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  fe t3;
+  int i;
+
+#include "pow225521.h"
+
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnegative.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnegative.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b2c8b8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnegative.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+return 1 if f is in {1,3,5,...,q-2}
+return 0 if f is in {0,2,4,...,q-1}
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+int fe_isnegative(const fe f)
+{
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s,f);
+  return s[0] & 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnonzero.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnonzero.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47568001c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_isnonzero.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_verify_32.h"
+
+/*
+return 1 if f == 0
+return 0 if f != 0
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char zero[32];
+
+int fe_isnonzero(const fe f)
+{
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s,f);
+  return crypto_verify_32(s,zero);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_mul.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_mul.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26ca8b368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_mul.c
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = f * g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+Notes on implementation strategy:
+
+Using schoolbook multiplication.
+Karatsuba would save a little in some cost models.
+
+Most multiplications by 2 and 19 are 32-bit precomputations;
+cheaper than 64-bit postcomputations.
+
+There is one remaining multiplication by 19 in the carry chain;
+one *19 precomputation can be merged into this,
+but the resulting data flow is considerably less clean.
+
+There are 12 carries below.
+10 of them are 2-way parallelizable and vectorizable.
+Can get away with 11 carries, but then data flow is much deeper.
+
+With tighter constraints on inputs can squeeze carries into int32.
+*/
+
+void fe_mul(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 g1_19 = 19 * g1; /* 1.959375*2^29 */
+  crypto_int32 g2_19 = 19 * g2; /* 1.959375*2^30; still ok */
+  crypto_int32 g3_19 = 19 * g3;
+  crypto_int32 g4_19 = 19 * g4;
+  crypto_int32 g5_19 = 19 * g5;
+  crypto_int32 g6_19 = 19 * g6;
+  crypto_int32 g7_19 = 19 * g7;
+  crypto_int32 g8_19 = 19 * g8;
+  crypto_int32 g9_19 = 19 * g9;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f9_2 = 2 * f9;
+  crypto_int64 f0g0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f0g1    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f0g2    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f0g3    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f0g4    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f0g5    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f0g6    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f0g7    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f0g8    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g8;
+  crypto_int64 f0g9    = f0   * (crypto_int64) g9;
+  crypto_int64 f1g0    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f1g1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f1g2    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f1g3_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f1g4    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f1g5_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f1g6    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f1g7_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f1g8    = f1   * (crypto_int64) g8;
+  crypto_int64 f1g9_38 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2g0    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f2g1    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f2g2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f2g3    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f2g4    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f2g5    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f2g6    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f2g7    = f2   * (crypto_int64) g7;
+  crypto_int64 f2g8_19 = f2   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2g9_19 = f2   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g0    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f3g1_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f3g2    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f3g3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f3g4    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f3g5_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f3g6    = f3   * (crypto_int64) g6;
+  crypto_int64 f3g7_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g8_19 = f3   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3g9_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g0    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f4g1    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f4g2    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f4g3    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f4g4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f4g5    = f4   * (crypto_int64) g5;
+  crypto_int64 f4g6_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g7_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g8_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4g9_19 = f4   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g0    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f5g1_2  = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f5g2    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f5g3_2  = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f5g4    = f5   * (crypto_int64) g4;
+  crypto_int64 f5g5_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g6_19 = f5   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g7_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g8_19 = f5   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5g9_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g0    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f6g1    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f6g2    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f6g3    = f6   * (crypto_int64) g3;
+  crypto_int64 f6g4_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g5_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g7_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g8_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6g9_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g0    = f7   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f7g1_2  = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f7g2    = f7   * (crypto_int64) g2;
+  crypto_int64 f7g3_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g4_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g5_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g6_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g7_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g8_19 = f7   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7g9_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g0    = f8   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f8g1    = f8   * (crypto_int64) g1;
+  crypto_int64 f8g2_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g3_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g4_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g5_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g6_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g7_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8g9_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g0    = f9   * (crypto_int64) g0;
+  crypto_int64 f9g1_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g1_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g2_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g3_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g3_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g4_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g5_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g5_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g6_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g7_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g7_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g8_19 = f9   * (crypto_int64) g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f9g9_38 = f9_2 * (crypto_int64) g9_19;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0g0+f1g9_38+f2g8_19+f3g7_38+f4g6_19+f5g5_38+f6g4_19+f7g3_38+f8g2_19+f9g1_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0g1+f1g0   +f2g9_19+f3g8_19+f4g7_19+f5g6_19+f6g5_19+f7g4_19+f8g3_19+f9g2_19;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0g2+f1g1_2 +f2g0   +f3g9_38+f4g8_19+f5g7_38+f6g6_19+f7g5_38+f8g4_19+f9g3_38;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0g3+f1g2   +f2g1   +f3g0   +f4g9_19+f5g8_19+f6g7_19+f7g6_19+f8g5_19+f9g4_19;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0g4+f1g3_2 +f2g2   +f3g1_2 +f4g0   +f5g9_38+f6g8_19+f7g7_38+f8g6_19+f9g5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0g5+f1g4   +f2g3   +f3g2   +f4g1   +f5g0   +f6g9_19+f7g8_19+f8g7_19+f9g6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0g6+f1g5_2 +f2g4   +f3g3_2 +f4g2   +f5g1_2 +f6g0   +f7g9_38+f8g8_19+f9g7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0g7+f1g6   +f2g5   +f3g4   +f4g3   +f5g2   +f6g1   +f7g0   +f8g9_19+f9g8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0g8+f1g7_2 +f2g6   +f3g5_2 +f4g4   +f5g3_2 +f6g2   +f7g1_2 +f8g0   +f9g9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0g9+f1g8   +f2g7   +f3g6   +f4g5   +f5g4   +f6g3   +f7g2   +f8g1   +f9g0   ;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  /*
+  |h0| <= (1.65*1.65*2^52*(1+19+19+19+19)+1.65*1.65*2^50*(38+38+38+38+38))
+    i.e. |h0| <= 1.4*2^60; narrower ranges for h2, h4, h6, h8
+  |h1| <= (1.65*1.65*2^51*(1+1+19+19+19+19+19+19+19+19))
+    i.e. |h1| <= 1.7*2^59; narrower ranges for h3, h5, h7, h9
+  */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25 */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  /* |h1| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h5| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 */
+  /* |h2| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+  /* |h6| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  /* |h2| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h6| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h3| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+  /* |h7| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  /* |h3| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h7| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h4| <= 1.72*2^34 */
+  /* |h8| <= 1.41*2^60 */
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  /* |h4| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h8| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h5| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+  /* |h9| <= 1.71*2^59 */
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  /* |h9| <= 2^24; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h0| <= 1.1*2^39 */
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  /* |h0| <= 2^25; from now on fits into int32 unchanged */
+  /* |h1| <= 1.01*2^24 */
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_neg.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_neg.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2078ce528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_neg.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = -f
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_neg(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = -f0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = -f1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = -f2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = -f3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = -f4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = -f5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = -f6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = -f7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = -f8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = -f9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_pow22523.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_pow22523.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56675a590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_pow22523.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+void fe_pow22523(fe out,const fe z)
+{
+  fe t0;
+  fe t1;
+  fe t2;
+  int i;
+
+#include "pow22523.h"
+
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dd119841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int64 f0f0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) f0;
+  crypto_int64 f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f9;
+  crypto_int64 f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f3_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f2f2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2f9_38 = f2   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f7_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f9_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f5_38 = f5   * (crypto_int64) f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f7_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f9_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f7_38 = f7   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f8f8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8f9_38 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f9f9_38 = f9   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..026ed3aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sq2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+
+/*
+h = 2 * f * f
+Can overlap h with f.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,1.65*2^26,1.65*2^25,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,1.01*2^25,1.01*2^24,etc.
+*/
+
+/*
+See fe_mul.c for discussion of implementation strategy.
+*/
+
+void fe_sq2(fe h,const fe f)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 f0_2 = 2 * f0;
+  crypto_int32 f1_2 = 2 * f1;
+  crypto_int32 f2_2 = 2 * f2;
+  crypto_int32 f3_2 = 2 * f3;
+  crypto_int32 f4_2 = 2 * f4;
+  crypto_int32 f5_2 = 2 * f5;
+  crypto_int32 f6_2 = 2 * f6;
+  crypto_int32 f7_2 = 2 * f7;
+  crypto_int32 f5_38 = 38 * f5; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f6_19 = 19 * f6; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f7_38 = 38 * f7; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f8_19 = 19 * f8; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int32 f9_38 = 38 * f9; /* 1.959375*2^30 */
+  crypto_int64 f0f0    = f0   * (crypto_int64) f0;
+  crypto_int64 f0f1_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f0f2_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f0f3_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f0f4_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f0f5_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f0f6_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f0f7_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f0f8_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f0f9_2  = f0_2 * (crypto_int64) f9;
+  crypto_int64 f1f1_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f1;
+  crypto_int64 f1f2_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f3_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f3_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f4_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f1f5_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f6_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f1f7_4  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_2;
+  crypto_int64 f1f8_2  = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f8;
+  crypto_int64 f1f9_76 = f1_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f2f2    = f2   * (crypto_int64) f2;
+  crypto_int64 f2f3_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f2f4_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f2f5_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f2f6_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f2f7_2  = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f7;
+  crypto_int64 f2f8_38 = f2_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f2f9_38 = f2   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f3_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f3;
+  crypto_int64 f3f4_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f3f5_4  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 f3f6_2  = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f6;
+  crypto_int64 f3f7_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f3f8_38 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f3f9_76 = f3_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f4    = f4   * (crypto_int64) f4;
+  crypto_int64 f4f5_2  = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f5;
+  crypto_int64 f4f6_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f7_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f4f8_38 = f4_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f4f9_38 = f4   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f5_38 = f5   * (crypto_int64) f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f6_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f7_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f5f8_38 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f5f9_76 = f5_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f6_19 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f7_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f6f8_38 = f6_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f6f9_38 = f6   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f7_38 = f7   * (crypto_int64) f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 f7f8_38 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f7f9_76 = f7_2 * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f8f8_19 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 f8f9_38 = f8   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 f9f9_38 = f9   * (crypto_int64) f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h0 = f0f0  +f1f9_76+f2f8_38+f3f7_76+f4f6_38+f5f5_38;
+  crypto_int64 h1 = f0f1_2+f2f9_38+f3f8_38+f4f7_38+f5f6_38;
+  crypto_int64 h2 = f0f2_2+f1f1_2 +f3f9_76+f4f8_38+f5f7_76+f6f6_19;
+  crypto_int64 h3 = f0f3_2+f1f2_2 +f4f9_38+f5f8_38+f6f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h4 = f0f4_2+f1f3_4 +f2f2   +f5f9_76+f6f8_38+f7f7_38;
+  crypto_int64 h5 = f0f5_2+f1f4_2 +f2f3_2 +f6f9_38+f7f8_38;
+  crypto_int64 h6 = f0f6_2+f1f5_4 +f2f4_2 +f3f3_2 +f7f9_76+f8f8_19;
+  crypto_int64 h7 = f0f7_2+f1f6_2 +f2f5_2 +f3f4_2 +f8f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h8 = f0f8_2+f1f7_4 +f2f6_2 +f3f5_4 +f4f4   +f9f9_38;
+  crypto_int64 h9 = f0f9_2+f1f8_2 +f2f7_2 +f3f6_2 +f4f5_2;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+
+  h0 += h0;
+  h1 += h1;
+  h2 += h2;
+  h3 += h3;
+  h4 += h4;
+  h5 += h5;
+  h6 += h6;
+  h7 += h7;
+  h8 += h8;
+  h9 += h9;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+
+  carry1 = (h1 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+
+  carry2 = (h2 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+
+  carry3 = (h3 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry4 = (h4 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (crypto_int64) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (crypto_int64) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e26b7df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_sub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+h = f - g
+Can overlap h with f or g.
+
+Preconditions:
+   |f| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+   |g| bounded by 1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^24,etc.
+
+Postconditions:
+   |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+*/
+
+void fe_sub(fe h,const fe f,const fe g)
+{
+  crypto_int32 f0 = f[0];
+  crypto_int32 f1 = f[1];
+  crypto_int32 f2 = f[2];
+  crypto_int32 f3 = f[3];
+  crypto_int32 f4 = f[4];
+  crypto_int32 f5 = f[5];
+  crypto_int32 f6 = f[6];
+  crypto_int32 f7 = f[7];
+  crypto_int32 f8 = f[8];
+  crypto_int32 f9 = f[9];
+  crypto_int32 g0 = g[0];
+  crypto_int32 g1 = g[1];
+  crypto_int32 g2 = g[2];
+  crypto_int32 g3 = g[3];
+  crypto_int32 g4 = g[4];
+  crypto_int32 g5 = g[5];
+  crypto_int32 g6 = g[6];
+  crypto_int32 g7 = g[7];
+  crypto_int32 g8 = g[8];
+  crypto_int32 g9 = g[9];
+  crypto_int32 h0 = f0 - g0;
+  crypto_int32 h1 = f1 - g1;
+  crypto_int32 h2 = f2 - g2;
+  crypto_int32 h3 = f3 - g3;
+  crypto_int32 h4 = f4 - g4;
+  crypto_int32 h5 = f5 - g5;
+  crypto_int32 h6 = f6 - g6;
+  crypto_int32 h7 = f7 - g7;
+  crypto_int32 h8 = f8 - g8;
+  crypto_int32 h9 = f9 - g9;
+  h[0] = h0;
+  h[1] = h1;
+  h[2] = h2;
+  h[3] = h3;
+  h[4] = h4;
+  h[5] = h5;
+  h[6] = h6;
+  h[7] = h7;
+  h[8] = h8;
+  h[9] = h9;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a63baf9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/fe_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include "fe.h"
+
+/*
+Preconditions:
+  |h| bounded by 1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,1.1*2^26,1.1*2^25,etc.
+
+Write p=2^255-19; q=floor(h/p).
+Basic claim: q = floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25)h9 + 2^(-1))).
+
+Proof:
+  Have |h|<=p so |q|<=1 so |19^2 2^(-255) q|<1/4.
+  Also have |h-2^230 h9|<2^231 so |19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9)|<1/4.
+
+  Write y=2^(-1)-19^2 2^(-255)q-19 2^(-255)(h-2^230 h9).
+  Then 0<y<1.
+
+  Write r=h-pq.
+  Have 0<=r<=p-1=2^255-20.
+  Thus 0<=r+19(2^-255)r<r+19(2^-255)2^255<=2^255-1.
+
+  Write x=r+19(2^-255)r+y.
+  Then 0<x<2^255 so floor(2^(-255)x) = 0 so floor(q+2^(-255)x) = q.
+
+  Have q+2^(-255)x = 2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))
+  so floor(2^(-255)(h + 19 2^(-25) h9 + 2^(-1))) = q.
+*/
+
+void fe_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const fe h)
+{
+  crypto_int32 h0 = h[0];
+  crypto_int32 h1 = h[1];
+  crypto_int32 h2 = h[2];
+  crypto_int32 h3 = h[3];
+  crypto_int32 h4 = h[4];
+  crypto_int32 h5 = h[5];
+  crypto_int32 h6 = h[6];
+  crypto_int32 h7 = h[7];
+  crypto_int32 h8 = h[8];
+  crypto_int32 h9 = h[9];
+  crypto_int32 q;
+  crypto_int32 carry0;
+  crypto_int32 carry1;
+  crypto_int32 carry2;
+  crypto_int32 carry3;
+  crypto_int32 carry4;
+  crypto_int32 carry5;
+  crypto_int32 carry6;
+  crypto_int32 carry7;
+  crypto_int32 carry8;
+  crypto_int32 carry9;
+
+  q = (19 * h9 + (((crypto_int32) 1) << 24)) >> 25;
+  q = (h0 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h1 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h2 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h3 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h4 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h5 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h6 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h7 + q) >> 25;
+  q = (h8 + q) >> 26;
+  q = (h9 + q) >> 25;
+
+  /* Goal: Output h-(2^255-19)q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+  h0 += 19 * q;
+  /* Goal: Output h-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20. */
+
+  carry0 = h0 >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry1 = h1 >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry2 = h2 >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry3 = h3 >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry4 = h4 >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry5 = h5 >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry6 = h6 >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry7 = h7 >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+  carry8 = h8 >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+  carry9 = h9 >> 25;               h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+                  /* h10 = carry9 */
+
+  /*
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^255 h10-2^255 q, which is between 0 and 2^255-20.
+  Have h0+...+2^230 h9 between 0 and 2^255-1;
+  evidently 2^255 h10-2^255 q = 0.
+  Goal: Output h0+...+2^230 h9.
+  */
+
+  s[0] = h0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = h0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = h0 >> 16;
+  s[3] = (h0 >> 24) | (h1 << 2);
+  s[4] = h1 >> 6;
+  s[5] = h1 >> 14;
+  s[6] = (h1 >> 22) | (h2 << 3);
+  s[7] = h2 >> 5;
+  s[8] = h2 >> 13;
+  s[9] = (h2 >> 21) | (h3 << 5);
+  s[10] = h3 >> 3;
+  s[11] = h3 >> 11;
+  s[12] = (h3 >> 19) | (h4 << 6);
+  s[13] = h4 >> 2;
+  s[14] = h4 >> 10;
+  s[15] = h4 >> 18;
+  s[16] = h5 >> 0;
+  s[17] = h5 >> 8;
+  s[18] = h5 >> 16;
+  s[19] = (h5 >> 24) | (h6 << 1);
+  s[20] = h6 >> 7;
+  s[21] = h6 >> 15;
+  s[22] = (h6 >> 23) | (h7 << 3);
+  s[23] = h7 >> 5;
+  s[24] = h7 >> 13;
+  s[25] = (h7 >> 21) | (h8 << 4);
+  s[26] = h8 >> 4;
+  s[27] = h8 >> 12;
+  s[28] = (h8 >> 20) | (h9 << 6);
+  s[29] = h9 >> 2;
+  s[30] = h9 >> 10;
+  s[31] = h9 >> 18;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55e95f95b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#ifndef GE_H
+#define GE_H
+
+/*
+ge means group element.
+
+Here the group is the set of pairs (x,y) of field elements (see fe.h)
+satisfying -x^2 + y^2 = 1 + d x^2y^2
+where d = -121665/121666.
+
+Representations:
+  ge_p2 (projective): (X:Y:Z) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z
+  ge_p3 (extended): (X:Y:Z:T) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/Z, XY=ZT
+  ge_p1p1 (completed): ((X:Z),(Y:T)) satisfying x=X/Z, y=Y/T
+  ge_precomp (Duif): (y+x,y-x,2dxy)
+*/
+
+#include "fe.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+} ge_p2;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p3;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe X;
+  fe Y;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T;
+} ge_p1p1;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe yplusx;
+  fe yminusx;
+  fe xy2d;
+} ge_precomp;
+
+typedef struct {
+  fe YplusX;
+  fe YminusX;
+  fe Z;
+  fe T2d;
+} ge_cached;
+
+#define ge_frombytes_negate_vartime crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_frombytes_negate_vartime
+#define ge_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_tobytes
+#define ge_p3_tobytes crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_tobytes
+
+#define ge_p2_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p2_0
+#define ge_p3_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_0
+#define ge_precomp_0 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_precomp_0
+#define ge_p3_to_p2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_to_p2
+#define ge_p3_to_cached crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_to_cached
+#define ge_p1p1_to_p2 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p1p1_to_p2
+#define ge_p1p1_to_p3 crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p1p1_to_p3
+#define ge_p2_dbl crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p2_dbl
+#define ge_p3_dbl crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_p3_dbl
+
+#define ge_madd crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_madd
+#define ge_msub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_msub
+#define ge_add crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_add
+#define ge_sub crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_sub
+#define ge_scalarmult_base crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_scalarmult_base
+#define ge_double_scalarmult_vartime crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_ge_double_scalarmult_vartime
+
+extern void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *,const ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern int ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+
+extern void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *,const ge_p3 *);
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *,const ge_p1p1 *);
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *,const ge_p1p1 *);
+extern void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p2 *);
+extern void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *);
+
+extern void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_precomp *);
+extern void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_cached *);
+extern void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *,const ge_p3 *,const ge_cached *);
+extern void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+extern void ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(ge_p2 *,const unsigned char *,const ge_p3 *,const unsigned char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da7ff5d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_add.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7481f8ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_add */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ZZ */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*YpX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<YpX2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<YpX2=q->YplusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YplusX);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*YmX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<YmX2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<YmX2=q->YminusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YminusX);
+
+/* qhasm: C = T2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<T2d2=fe#18,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<T2d2=q->T2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: ZZ = Z1*Z2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>ZZ=fe#1,<Z1=fe#13,<Z2=fe#17); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>ZZ=r->X,<Z1=p->Z,<Z2=q->Z); */
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*ZZ */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<ZZ=fe#1,<ZZ=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<ZZ=r->X,<ZZ=r->X); */
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6572ab0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_add.q
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->YplusX:q->YminusX:q->Z:q->T2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>YpX2=fe#15:>YmX2=fe#16:>Z2=fe#17:>T2d2=fe#18:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_add
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe Z2
+fe T1
+fe ZZ
+fe YpX2
+fe YmX2
+fe T2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*YpX2
+B = YmX1*YmX2
+C = T2d2*T1
+ZZ = Z1*Z2
+D = 2*ZZ
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D+C
+T3 = D-C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_double_scalarmult.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_double_scalarmult.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8bf4bf77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_double_scalarmult.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+static void slide(signed char *r,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  int i;
+  int b;
+  int k;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    r[i] = 1 & (a[i >> 3] >> (i & 7));
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 256;++i)
+    if (r[i]) {
+      for (b = 1;b <= 6 && i + b < 256;++b) {
+        if (r[i + b]) {
+          if (r[i] + (r[i + b] << b) <= 15) {
+            r[i] += r[i + b] << b; r[i + b] = 0;
+          } else if (r[i] - (r[i + b] << b) >= -15) {
+            r[i] -= r[i + b] << b;
+            for (k = i + b;k < 256;++k) {
+              if (!r[k]) {
+                r[k] = 1;
+                break;
+              }
+              r[k] = 0;
+            }
+          } else
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+}
+
+static ge_precomp Bi[8] = {
+#include "base2.h"
+} ;
+
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+
+void ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(ge_p2 *r,const unsigned char *a,const ge_p3 *A,const unsigned char *b)
+{
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* A,3A,5A,7A,9A,11A,13A,15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  ge_p3 A2;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide,a);
+  slide(bslide,b);
+
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0],A);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t,A); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&A2,&t);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[1],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[2],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[3],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[4],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[5],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[6],&u);
+  ge_add(&t,&A2,&Ai[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t); ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[7],&u);
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255;i >= 0;--i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (;i >= 0;--i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t,r);
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_add(&t,&u,&Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_sub(&t,&u,&Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_madd(&t,&u,&Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u,&t);
+      ge_msub(&t,&u,&Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r,&t);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_frombytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_frombytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a059ee93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_frombytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+static const fe d = {
+#include "d.h"
+} ;
+
+static const fe sqrtm1 = {
+#include "sqrtm1.h"
+} ;
+
+int ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *s)
+{
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe v3;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+
+  fe_frombytes(h->Y,s);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u,h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v,u,d);
+  fe_sub(u,u,h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v,v,h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+
+  fe_sq(v3,v);
+  fe_mul(v3,v3,v);        /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^7 */
+
+  fe_pow22523(h->X,h->X); /* x = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,v3);
+  fe_mul(h->X,h->X,u);    /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+
+  fe_sq(vxx,h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx,vxx,v);
+  fe_sub(check,vxx,u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check,vxx,u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) return -1;
+    fe_mul(h->X,h->X,sqrtm1);
+  }
+
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) == (s[31] >> 7))
+    fe_neg(h->X,h->X);
+
+  fe_mul(h->T,h->X,h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..622571774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+void ge_madd(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_madd.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecae84952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_madd */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ypx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ymx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe xy2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*ypx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<ypx2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<ypx2=q->yplusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yplusx);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*ymx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<ymx2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<ymx2=q->yminusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yminusx);
+
+/* qhasm: C = xy2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<xy2d2=fe#17,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<xy2d2=q->xy2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*Z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<Z1=fe#13,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<Z1=p->Z,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa3db454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_madd.q
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->yplusx:q->yminusx:q->xy2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>ypx2=fe#15:>ymx2=fe#16:>xy2d2=fe#17:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_madd
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe T1
+fe ypx2
+fe ymx2
+fe xy2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*ypx2
+B = YmX1*ymx2
+C = xy2d2*T1
+D = 2*Z1
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D+C
+T3 = D-C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741ecbf11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+void ge_msub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_precomp *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_msub.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..500f986ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_msub */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ypx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ymx2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe xy2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*ymx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<ymx2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<ymx2=q->yminusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->yminusx);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*ypx2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<ypx2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<ypx2=q->yplusx); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->yplusx);
+
+/* qhasm: C = xy2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<xy2d2=fe#17,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<xy2d2=q->xy2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->xy2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*Z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<Z1=fe#13,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<Z1=p->Z,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_add(t0,p->Z,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3cadd882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_msub.q
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->yplusx:q->yminusx:q->xy2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>ypx2=fe#15:>ymx2=fe#16:>xy2d2=fe#17:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_msub
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe T1
+fe ypx2
+fe ymx2
+fe xy2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*ymx2
+B = YmX1*ypx2
+C = xy2d2*T1
+D = 2*Z1
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D-C
+T3 = D+C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bb5013d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f57b1096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p1p1_to_p3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p1p1_to_p3(ge_p3 *r,const ge_p1p1 *p)
+{
+  fe_mul(r->X,p->X,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->Y,p->Y,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->Z,p->Z,p->T);
+  fe_mul(r->T,p->X,p->Y);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6191d1e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p2_0(ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e332b5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+void ge_p2_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p2 *p)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_p2_dbl.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..128efed90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_p2_dbl */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe AA */
+
+/* qhasm: fe XX */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YY */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: XX=X1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>XX=fe#1,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>XX=r->X,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sq(r->X,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YY=Y1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>YY=fe#3,<Y1=fe#12); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>YY=r->Z,<Y1=p->Y); */
+fe_sq(r->Z,p->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: B=2*Z1^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq2(>B=fe#4,<Z1=fe#13); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq2(>B=r->T,<Z1=p->Z); */
+fe_sq2(r->T,p->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: A=X1+Y1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>A=fe#2,<X1=fe#11,<Y1=fe#12); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>A=r->Y,<X1=p->X,<Y1=p->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,p->X,p->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: AA=A^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>AA=fe#5,<A=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>AA=t0,<A=r->Y); */
+fe_sq(t0,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3=YY+XX */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<YY=fe#3,<XX=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<YY=r->Z,<XX=r->X); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3=YY-XX */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<YY=fe#3,<XX=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<YY=r->Z,<XX=r->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,r->Z,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3=AA-Y3 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<AA=fe#5,<Y3=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<AA=t0,<Y3=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,t0,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: T3=B-Z3 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>T3=fe#4,<B=fe#4,<Z3=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>T3=r->T,<B=r->T,<Z3=r->Z); */
+fe_sub(r->T,r->T,r->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..170d42f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p2_dbl.q
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq2(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_p2_dbl
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe A
+fe AA
+fe XX
+fe YY
+fe B
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+
+XX=X1^2
+YY=Y1^2
+B=2*Z1^2
+A=X1+Y1
+AA=A^2
+Y3=YY+XX
+Z3=YY-XX
+X3=AA-Y3
+T3=B-Z3
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..401b2935a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p3_0(ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe_0(h->X);
+  fe_1(h->Y);
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_0(h->T);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_dbl.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_dbl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d8a05915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_dbl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = 2 * p
+*/
+
+void ge_p3_dbl(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  ge_p2 q;
+  ge_p3_to_p2(&q,p);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r,&q);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_cached.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_cached.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde64228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_cached.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+static const fe d2 = {
+#include "d2.h"
+} ;
+
+extern void ge_p3_to_cached(ge_cached *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_add(r->YplusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_sub(r->YminusX,p->Y,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+  fe_mul(r->T2d,p->T,d2);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_p2.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_p2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e532a9e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_to_p2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p
+*/
+
+extern void ge_p3_to_p2(ge_p2 *r,const ge_p3 *p)
+{
+  fe_copy(r->X,p->X);
+  fe_copy(r->Y,p->Y);
+  fe_copy(r->Z,p->Z);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21cb2fc65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_p3_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_p3_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p3 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_precomp_0.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_precomp_0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e218861d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_precomp_0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_precomp_0(ge_precomp *h)
+{
+  fe_1(h->yplusx);
+  fe_1(h->yminusx);
+  fe_0(h->xy2d);
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_scalarmult_base.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_scalarmult_base.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..421e4fa0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_scalarmult_base.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+
+static unsigned char equal(signed char b,signed char c)
+{
+  unsigned char ub = b;
+  unsigned char uc = c;
+  unsigned char x = ub ^ uc; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  crypto_uint32 y = x; /* 0: yes; 1..255: no */
+  y -= 1; /* 4294967295: yes; 0..254: no */
+  y >>= 31; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return y;
+}
+
+static unsigned char negative(signed char b)
+{
+  unsigned long long x = b; /* 18446744073709551361..18446744073709551615: yes; 0..255: no */
+  x >>= 63; /* 1: yes; 0: no */
+  return x;
+}
+
+static void cmov(ge_precomp *t,ge_precomp *u,unsigned char b)
+{
+  fe_cmov(t->yplusx,u->yplusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->yminusx,u->yminusx,b);
+  fe_cmov(t->xy2d,u->xy2d,b);
+}
+
+/* base[i][j] = (j+1)*256^i*B */
+static ge_precomp base[32][8] = {
+#include "base.h"
+} ;
+
+static void select(ge_precomp *t,int pos,signed char b)
+{
+  ge_precomp minust;
+  unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+  unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+
+  ge_precomp_0(t);
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][0],equal(babs,1));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][1],equal(babs,2));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][2],equal(babs,3));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][3],equal(babs,4));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][4],equal(babs,5));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][5],equal(babs,6));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][6],equal(babs,7));
+  cmov(t,&base[pos][7],equal(babs,8));
+  fe_copy(minust.yplusx,t->yminusx);
+  fe_copy(minust.yminusx,t->yplusx);
+  fe_neg(minust.xy2d,t->xy2d);
+  cmov(t,&minust,bnegative);
+}
+
+/*
+h = a * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31]
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+
+Preconditions:
+  a[31] <= 127
+*/
+
+void ge_scalarmult_base(ge_p3 *h,const unsigned char *a)
+{
+  signed char e[64];
+  signed char carry;
+  ge_p1p1 r;
+  ge_p2 s;
+  ge_precomp t;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 32;++i) {
+    e[2 * i + 0] = (a[i] >> 0) & 15;
+    e[2 * i + 1] = (a[i] >> 4) & 15;
+  }
+  /* each e[i] is between 0 and 15 */
+  /* e[63] is between 0 and 7 */
+
+  carry = 0;
+  for (i = 0;i < 63;++i) {
+    e[i] += carry;
+    carry = e[i] + 8;
+    carry >>= 4;
+    e[i] -= carry << 4;
+  }
+  e[63] += carry;
+  /* each e[i] is between -8 and 8 */
+
+  ge_p3_0(h);
+  for (i = 1;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+
+  ge_p3_dbl(&r,h);  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p2(&s,&r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(&r,&s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 64;i += 2) {
+    select(&t,i / 2,e[i]);
+    ge_madd(&r,h,&t); ge_p1p1_to_p3(h,&r);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69f3d5406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p - q
+*/
+
+void ge_sub(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+#include "ge_sub.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4ef1f5dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+
+/* qhasm: enter ge_sub */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe ZZ */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T2d2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe X3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Y3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe Z3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe T3 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YpX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe YmX1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe A */
+
+/* qhasm: fe B */
+
+/* qhasm: fe C */
+
+/* qhasm: fe D */
+
+/* qhasm: YpX1 = Y1+X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>YpX1=fe#1,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>YpX1=r->X,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: YmX1 = Y1-X1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>YmX1=fe#2,<Y1=fe#12,<X1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>YmX1=r->Y,<Y1=p->Y,<X1=p->X); */
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+/* qhasm: A = YpX1*YmX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>A=fe#3,<YpX1=fe#1,<YmX2=fe#16); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>A=r->Z,<YpX1=r->X,<YmX2=q->YminusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YminusX);
+
+/* qhasm: B = YmX1*YpX2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>B=fe#2,<YmX1=fe#2,<YpX2=fe#15); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>B=r->Y,<YmX1=r->Y,<YpX2=q->YplusX); */
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YplusX);
+
+/* qhasm: C = T2d2*T1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>C=fe#4,<T2d2=fe#18,<T1=fe#14); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>C=r->T,<T2d2=q->T2d,<T1=p->T); */
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+
+/* qhasm: ZZ = Z1*Z2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>ZZ=fe#1,<Z1=fe#13,<Z2=fe#17); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>ZZ=r->X,<Z1=p->Z,<Z2=q->Z); */
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+
+/* qhasm: D = 2*ZZ */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>D=fe#5,<ZZ=fe#1,<ZZ=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>D=t0,<ZZ=r->X,<ZZ=r->X); */
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+
+/* qhasm: X3 = A-B */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>X3=fe#1,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>X3=r->X,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Y3 = A+B */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>Y3=fe#2,<A=fe#3,<B=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>Y3=r->Y,<A=r->Z,<B=r->Y); */
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+/* qhasm: Z3 = D-C */
+/* asm 1: fe_sub(>Z3=fe#3,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sub(>Z3=r->Z,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_sub(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: T3 = D+C */
+/* asm 1: fe_add(>T3=fe#4,<D=fe#5,<C=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_add(>T3=r->T,<D=t0,<C=r->T); */
+fe_add(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2779a4a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_sub.q
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+:name:fe:r->X:r->Y:r->Z:r->T:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:p->X:p->Y:p->Z:p->T:q->YplusX:q->YminusX:q->Z:q->T2d:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>X1=fe#11:>Y1=fe#12:>Z1=fe#13:>T1=fe#14:>YpX2=fe#15:>YmX2=fe#16:>Z2=fe#17:>T2d2=fe#18:
+return:nofallthrough:<X3=fe#1:<Y3=fe#2:<Z3=fe#3:<T3=fe#4:leave:
+
+h=f+g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f-g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sub(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2:<f=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f);:
+h=2*g:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_add(>h,<g,<g);:
+
+:
+
+enter ge_sub
+
+fe X1
+fe Y1
+fe Z1
+fe Z2
+fe T1
+fe ZZ
+fe YpX2
+fe YmX2
+fe T2d2
+fe X3
+fe Y3
+fe Z3
+fe T3
+fe YpX1
+fe YmX1
+fe A
+fe B
+fe C
+fe D
+
+YpX1 = Y1+X1
+YmX1 = Y1-X1
+A = YpX1*YmX2
+B = YmX1*YpX2
+C = T2d2*T1
+ZZ = Z1*Z2
+D = 2*ZZ
+X3 = A-B
+Y3 = A+B
+Z3 = D-C
+T3 = D+C
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_tobytes.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_tobytes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31b3d33e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/ge_tobytes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+void ge_tobytes(unsigned char *s,const ge_p2 *h)
+{
+  fe recip;
+  fe x;
+  fe y;
+
+  fe_invert(recip,h->Z);
+  fe_mul(x,h->X,recip);
+  fe_mul(y,h->Y,recip);
+  fe_tobytes(s,y);
+  s[31] ^= fe_isnegative(x) << 7;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/keypair.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/keypair.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6cea2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/keypair.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "randombytes.h"
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+
+int crypto_sign_keypair(unsigned char *pk,unsigned char *sk)
+{
+  unsigned char az[64];
+  ge_p3 A;
+
+  randombytes(sk,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(az,sk,32);
+  az[0] &= 248;
+  az[31] &= 63;
+  az[31] |= 64;
+
+  ge_scalarmult_base(&A,az);
+  ge_p3_tobytes(pk,&A);
+
+  memmove(sk + 32,pk,32);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/open.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/open.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ec4cd2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/open.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "crypto_verify_32.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "sc.h"
+
+int crypto_sign_open(
+  unsigned char *m,unsigned long long *mlen,
+  const unsigned char *sm,unsigned long long smlen,
+  const unsigned char *pk
+)
+{
+  unsigned char pkcopy[32];
+  unsigned char rcopy[32];
+  unsigned char scopy[32];
+  unsigned char h[64];
+  unsigned char rcheck[32];
+  ge_p3 A;
+  ge_p2 R;
+
+  if (smlen < 64) goto badsig;
+  if (sm[63] & 224) goto badsig;
+  if (ge_frombytes_negate_vartime(&A,pk) != 0) goto badsig;
+
+  memmove(pkcopy,pk,32);
+  memmove(rcopy,sm,32);
+  memmove(scopy,sm + 32,32);
+
+  memmove(m,sm,smlen);
+  memmove(m + 32,pkcopy,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(h,m,smlen);
+  sc_reduce(h);
+
+  ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(&R,h,&A,scopy);
+  ge_tobytes(rcheck,&R);
+  if (crypto_verify_32(rcheck,rcopy) == 0) {
+    memmove(m,m + 64,smlen - 64);
+    memset(m + smlen - 64,0,64);
+    *mlen = smlen - 64;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+badsig:
+  *mlen = -1;
+  memset(m,0,smlen);
+  return -1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60ffe0d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+/* qhasm: fe z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z8 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z9 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z11 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z22 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_5_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_20 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_100 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_252_2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_252_3 */
+
+/* qhasm: enter pow22523 */
+
+/* qhasm: z2 = z1^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,>z2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z2=t0,<z1=z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=t0,>z2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z8 = z2^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,<z2=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,>z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z8=t1,<z2=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=t1,>z8=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z9 = z1*z8 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z9=fe#2,<z1=fe#11,<z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z9=t1,<z1=z,<z8=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z11 = z2*z9 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z11=fe#1,<z2=fe#1,<z9=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z11=t0,<z2=t0,<z9=t1); */
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z22 = z11^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z22=fe#1,<z11=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=fe#1,>z22=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z22=t0,<z11=t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=t0,>z22=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_5_0 = z9*z22 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_5_0=fe#1,<z9=fe#2,<z22=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_5_0=t0,<z9=t1,<z22=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#2,<z_5_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#2,>z_10_5=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_10_5=t1,<z_5_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=t1,>z_10_5=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_10_0=fe#1,<z_10_5=fe#2,<z_5_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_10_0=t0,<z_10_5=t1,<z_5_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#2,>z_20_10=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_20_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=t1,>z_20_10=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_20_0=fe#2,<z_20_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_20_0=t1,<z_20_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#3,<z_20_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#3,>z_40_20=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_40_20=t2,<z_20_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=t2,>z_40_20=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_40_0=fe#2,<z_40_20=fe#3,<z_20_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_40_0=t1,<z_40_20=t2,<z_20_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#2,<z_40_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#2,>z_50_10=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_50_10=t1,<z_40_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=t1,>z_50_10=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_50_0=fe#1,<z_50_10=fe#2,<z_10_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_50_0=t0,<z_50_10=t1,<z_10_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#2,>z_100_50=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_100_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=t1,>z_100_50=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_100_0=fe#2,<z_100_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_100_0=t1,<z_100_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#3,<z_100_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#3,>z_200_100=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_200_100=t2,<z_100_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=t2,>z_200_100=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_200_0=fe#2,<z_200_100=fe#3,<z_100_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_200_0=t1,<z_200_100=t2,<z_100_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#2,<z_200_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#2,>z_250_50=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_250_50=t1,<z_200_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=t1,>z_250_50=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_250_0=fe#1,<z_250_50=fe#2,<z_50_0=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_250_0=t0,<z_250_50=t1,<z_50_0=t0); */
+fe_mul(t0,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_252_2 = z_250_0^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_252_2=fe#1,<z_250_0=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z_252_2=fe#1,>z_252_2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_252_2=t0,<z_250_0=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z_252_2=t0,>z_252_2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z_252_3 = z_252_2*z1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_252_3=fe#12,<z_252_2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_252_3=out,<z_252_2=t0,<z1=z); */
+fe_mul(out,t0,z);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ce1da9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow22523.q
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+:name:fe:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:t6:t7:t8:t9:z:out:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>z1=fe#11:
+return:nofallthrough:<z_252_3=fe#12:leave:
+
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2^k:<f=fe:>h=fe:#k:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f); for (i = 1;i !lt; #k;++i) fe_sq(>h,>h);:
+
+:
+
+fe z1
+fe z2
+fe z8
+fe z9
+fe z11
+fe z22
+fe z_5_0
+fe z_10_5
+fe z_10_0
+fe z_20_10
+fe z_20_0
+fe z_40_20
+fe z_40_0
+fe z_50_10
+fe z_50_0
+fe z_100_50
+fe z_100_0
+fe z_200_100
+fe z_200_0
+fe z_250_50
+fe z_250_0
+fe z_252_2
+fe z_252_3
+
+enter pow22523
+
+z2 = z1^2^1
+z8 = z2^2^2
+z9 = z1*z8
+z11 = z2*z9
+z22 = z11^2^1
+z_5_0 = z9*z22
+z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5
+z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0
+z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10
+z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0
+z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20
+z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0
+z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10
+z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0
+z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50
+z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0
+z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100
+z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0
+z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50
+z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0
+z_252_2 = z_250_0^2^2
+z_252_3 = z_252_2*z1
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..109df779a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+
+/* qhasm: fe z1 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z2 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z8 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z9 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z11 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z22 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_5_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_10_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_20_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_20 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_40_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_10 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_50_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_100_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_100 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_200_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_50 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_250_0 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_255_5 */
+
+/* qhasm: fe z_255_21 */
+
+/* qhasm: enter pow225521 */
+
+/* qhasm: z2 = z1^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,<z1=fe#11); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=fe#1,>z2=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z2=t0,<z1=z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z2=t0,>z2=t0); */
+fe_sq(t0,z); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t0,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: z8 = z2^2^2 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,<z2=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=fe#2,>z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z8=t1,<z2=t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(>z8=t1,>z8=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t0); for (i = 1;i < 2;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z9 = z1*z8 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z9=fe#2,<z1=fe#11,<z8=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z9=t1,<z1=z,<z8=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,z,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z11 = z2*z9 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z11=fe#1,<z2=fe#1,<z9=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z11=t0,<z2=t0,<z9=t1); */
+fe_mul(t0,t0,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z22 = z11^2^1 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z22=fe#3,<z11=fe#1); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=fe#3,>z22=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z22=t2,<z11=t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(>z22=t2,>z22=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t0); for (i = 1;i < 1;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_5_0 = z9*z22 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_5_0=fe#2,<z9=fe#2,<z22=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_5_0=t1,<z9=t1,<z22=t2); */
+fe_mul(t1,t1,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#3,<z_5_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=fe#3,>z_10_5=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_10_5=t2,<z_5_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_10_5=t2,>z_10_5=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_10_0=fe#2,<z_10_5=fe#3,<z_5_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_10_0=t1,<z_10_5=t2,<z_5_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=fe#3,>z_20_10=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_20_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_20_10=t2,>z_20_10=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_20_0=fe#3,<z_20_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_20_0=t2,<z_20_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#4,<z_20_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=fe#4,>z_40_20=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_40_20=t3,<z_20_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(>z_40_20=t3,>z_40_20=t3); */
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 20;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+
+/* qhasm: z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_40_0=fe#3,<z_40_20=fe#4,<z_20_0=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_40_0=t2,<z_40_20=t3,<z_20_0=t2); */
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#3,<z_40_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=fe#3,>z_50_10=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_50_10=t2,<z_40_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(>z_50_10=t2,>z_50_10=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 10;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_50_0=fe#2,<z_50_10=fe#3,<z_10_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_50_0=t1,<z_50_10=t2,<z_10_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=fe#3,>z_100_50=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_100_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_100_50=t2,>z_100_50=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t1); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_100_0=fe#3,<z_100_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_100_0=t2,<z_100_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t2,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#4,<z_100_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=fe#4,>z_200_100=fe#4); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_200_100=t3,<z_100_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(>z_200_100=t3,>z_200_100=t3); */
+fe_sq(t3,t2); for (i = 1;i < 100;++i) fe_sq(t3,t3);
+
+/* qhasm: z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_200_0=fe#3,<z_200_100=fe#4,<z_100_0=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_200_0=t2,<z_200_100=t3,<z_100_0=t2); */
+fe_mul(t2,t3,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#3,<z_200_0=fe#3); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=fe#3,>z_250_50=fe#3); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_250_50=t2,<z_200_0=t2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(>z_250_50=t2,>z_250_50=t2); */
+fe_sq(t2,t2); for (i = 1;i < 50;++i) fe_sq(t2,t2);
+
+/* qhasm: z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_250_0=fe#2,<z_250_50=fe#3,<z_50_0=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_250_0=t1,<z_250_50=t2,<z_50_0=t1); */
+fe_mul(t1,t2,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_255_5 = z_250_0^2^5 */
+/* asm 1: fe_sq(>z_255_5=fe#2,<z_250_0=fe#2); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_255_5=fe#2,>z_255_5=fe#2); */
+/* asm 2: fe_sq(>z_255_5=t1,<z_250_0=t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(>z_255_5=t1,>z_255_5=t1); */
+fe_sq(t1,t1); for (i = 1;i < 5;++i) fe_sq(t1,t1);
+
+/* qhasm: z_255_21 = z_255_5*z11 */
+/* asm 1: fe_mul(>z_255_21=fe#12,<z_255_5=fe#2,<z11=fe#1); */
+/* asm 2: fe_mul(>z_255_21=out,<z_255_5=t1,<z11=t0); */
+fe_mul(out,t1,t0);
+
+/* qhasm: return */
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.q b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.q
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45be57c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/pow225521.q
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+:name:fe:t0:t1:t2:t3:t4:t5:t6:t7:t8:t9:z:out:
+fe r:var/r=fe:
+
+enter f:enter/f:>z1=fe#11:
+return:nofallthrough:<z_255_21=fe#12:leave:
+
+h=f*g:<f=fe:<g=fe:>h=fe:asm/fe_mul(>h,<f,<g);:
+h=f^2^k:<f=fe:>h=fe:#k:asm/fe_sq(>h,<f); for (i = 1;i !lt; #k;++i) fe_sq(>h,>h);:
+
+:
+
+fe z1
+fe z2
+fe z8
+fe z9
+fe z11
+fe z22
+fe z_5_0
+fe z_10_5
+fe z_10_0
+fe z_20_10
+fe z_20_0
+fe z_40_20
+fe z_40_0
+fe z_50_10
+fe z_50_0
+fe z_100_50
+fe z_100_0
+fe z_200_100
+fe z_200_0
+fe z_250_50
+fe z_250_0
+fe z_255_5
+fe z_255_21
+
+enter pow225521
+
+z2 = z1^2^1
+z8 = z2^2^2
+z9 = z1*z8
+z11 = z2*z9
+z22 = z11^2^1
+z_5_0 = z9*z22
+z_10_5 = z_5_0^2^5
+z_10_0 = z_10_5*z_5_0
+z_20_10 = z_10_0^2^10
+z_20_0 = z_20_10*z_10_0
+z_40_20 = z_20_0^2^20
+z_40_0 = z_40_20*z_20_0
+z_50_10 = z_40_0^2^10
+z_50_0 = z_50_10*z_10_0
+z_100_50 = z_50_0^2^50
+z_100_0 = z_100_50*z_50_0
+z_200_100 = z_100_0^2^100
+z_200_0 = z_200_100*z_100_0
+z_250_50 = z_200_0^2^50
+z_250_0 = z_250_50*z_50_0
+z_255_5 = z_250_0^2^5
+z_255_21 = z_255_5*z11
+
+return
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/q2h.sh b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/q2h.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47ec5110e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/q2h.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+sed 's/^#.*//' \
+| qhasm-generic \
+| sed 's_//\(.*\)$_/*\1 */_'
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d32ed2e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef SC_H
+#define SC_H
+
+/*
+The set of scalars is \Z/l
+where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+#define sc_reduce crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_sc_reduce
+#define sc_muladd crypto_sign_ed25519_ref10_sc_muladd
+
+extern void sc_reduce(unsigned char *);
+extern void sc_muladd(unsigned char *,const unsigned char *,const unsigned char *,const unsigned char *);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_muladd.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_muladd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f1e9d02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_muladd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#include "sc.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (ab+c) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+void sc_muladd(unsigned char *s,const unsigned char *a,const unsigned char *b,const unsigned char *c)
+{
+  crypto_int64 a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  crypto_int64 a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  crypto_int64 a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  crypto_int64 b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  crypto_int64 b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  crypto_int64 c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  crypto_int64 c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s0;
+  crypto_int64 s1;
+  crypto_int64 s2;
+  crypto_int64 s3;
+  crypto_int64 s4;
+  crypto_int64 s5;
+  crypto_int64 s6;
+  crypto_int64 s7;
+  crypto_int64 s8;
+  crypto_int64 s9;
+  crypto_int64 s10;
+  crypto_int64 s11;
+  crypto_int64 s12;
+  crypto_int64 s13;
+  crypto_int64 s14;
+  crypto_int64 s15;
+  crypto_int64 s16;
+  crypto_int64 s17;
+  crypto_int64 s18;
+  crypto_int64 s19;
+  crypto_int64 s20;
+  crypto_int64 s21;
+  crypto_int64 s22;
+  crypto_int64 s23;
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+  crypto_int64 carry10;
+  crypto_int64 carry11;
+  crypto_int64 carry12;
+  crypto_int64 carry13;
+  crypto_int64 carry14;
+  crypto_int64 carry15;
+  crypto_int64 carry16;
+  crypto_int64 carry17;
+  crypto_int64 carry18;
+  crypto_int64 carry19;
+  crypto_int64 carry20;
+  crypto_int64 carry21;
+  crypto_int64 carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 + a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 + a0*b1 + a1*b0;
+  s2 = c2 + a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0;
+  s3 = c3 + a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0;
+  s4 = c4 + a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0;
+  s5 = c5 + a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0;
+  s6 = c6 + a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0;
+  s7 = c7 + a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0;
+  s8 = c8 + a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0;
+  s9 = c9 + a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0;
+  s10 = c10 + a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0;
+  s11 = c11 + a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0;
+  s12 = a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1;
+  s13 = a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2;
+  s14 = a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3;
+  s15 = a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4;
+  s16 = a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5;
+  s17 = a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6;
+  s18 = a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7;
+  s19 = a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8;
+  s20 = a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9;
+  s21 = a10*b11 + a11*b10;
+  s22 = a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_reduce.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_reduce.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d01f5a573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_reduce.c
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#include "sc.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^63*s[63] = s
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = s mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+  Overwrites s in place.
+*/
+
+void sc_reduce(unsigned char *s)
+{
+  crypto_int64 s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  crypto_int64 s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  crypto_int64 s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s11 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s12 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 31) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s13 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 34) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s14 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 36) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s15 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 39) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 s16 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 42);
+  crypto_int64 s17 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 44) >> 5);
+  crypto_int64 s18 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 47) >> 2);
+  crypto_int64 s19 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 49) >> 7);
+  crypto_int64 s20 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 52) >> 4);
+  crypto_int64 s21 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 55) >> 1);
+  crypto_int64 s22 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 57) >> 6);
+  crypto_int64 s23 = (load_4(s + 60) >> 3);
+  crypto_int64 carry0;
+  crypto_int64 carry1;
+  crypto_int64 carry2;
+  crypto_int64 carry3;
+  crypto_int64 carry4;
+  crypto_int64 carry5;
+  crypto_int64 carry6;
+  crypto_int64 carry7;
+  crypto_int64 carry8;
+  crypto_int64 carry9;
+  crypto_int64 carry10;
+  crypto_int64 carry11;
+  crypto_int64 carry12;
+  crypto_int64 carry13;
+  crypto_int64 carry14;
+  crypto_int64 carry15;
+  crypto_int64 carry16;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+  s22 = 0;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+  s21 = 0;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+  s20 = 0;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+  s19 = 0;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+  s18 = 0;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+  s17 = 0;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+  s16 = 0;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+  s15 = 0;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+  s14 = 0;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+  s13 = 0;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_sub.xmr.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_sub.xmr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd4a50ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sc_sub.xmr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+/*
+ * sc_sub, sc_mulsub, sc_mul
+ * 
+ * (These are from the old code as well)
+ */
+
+
+#include "sc.h"
+#include "crypto_int64.h"
+#include "crypto_uint32.h"
+#include "crypto_uint64.h"
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_3(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static crypto_uint64 load_4(const unsigned char *in)
+{
+  crypto_uint64 result;
+  result = (crypto_uint64) in[0];
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[1]) << 8;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[2]) << 16;
+  result |= ((crypto_uint64) in[3]) << 24;
+  return result;
+}
+
+void sc_sub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 - b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 - b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 - b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 - b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 - b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 - b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 - b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 - b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 - b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 - b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 - b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 - b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/*
+Input:
+  a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31*a[31] = a
+  b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31*b[31] = b
+  c[0]+256*c[1]+...+256^31*c[31] = c
+
+Output:
+  s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = (c-ab) mod l
+  where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
+*/
+
+//x
+void sc_mulsub(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b, const unsigned char *c) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t c0 = 2097151 & load_3(c);
+  int64_t c1 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t c2 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t c3 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t c4 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t c5 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t c6 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t c7 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t c8 = 2097151 & load_3(c + 21);
+  int64_t c9 = 2097151 & (load_4(c + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t c10 = 2097151 & (load_3(c + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t c11 = (load_4(c + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0;
+  int64_t s1;
+  int64_t s2;
+  int64_t s3;
+  int64_t s4;
+  int64_t s5;
+  int64_t s6;
+  int64_t s7;
+  int64_t s8;
+  int64_t s9;
+  int64_t s10;
+  int64_t s11;
+  int64_t s12;
+  int64_t s13;
+  int64_t s14;
+  int64_t s15;
+  int64_t s16;
+  int64_t s17;
+  int64_t s18;
+  int64_t s19;
+  int64_t s20;
+  int64_t s21;
+  int64_t s22;
+  int64_t s23;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+  int64_t carry12;
+  int64_t carry13;
+  int64_t carry14;
+  int64_t carry15;
+  int64_t carry16;
+  int64_t carry17;
+  int64_t carry18;
+  int64_t carry19;
+  int64_t carry20;
+  int64_t carry21;
+  int64_t carry22;
+
+  s0 = c0 - a0*b0;
+  s1 = c1 - (a0*b1 + a1*b0);
+  s2 = c2 - (a0*b2 + a1*b1 + a2*b0);
+  s3 = c3 - (a0*b3 + a1*b2 + a2*b1 + a3*b0);
+  s4 = c4 - (a0*b4 + a1*b3 + a2*b2 + a3*b1 + a4*b0);
+  s5 = c5 - (a0*b5 + a1*b4 + a2*b3 + a3*b2 + a4*b1 + a5*b0);
+  s6 = c6 - (a0*b6 + a1*b5 + a2*b4 + a3*b3 + a4*b2 + a5*b1 + a6*b0);
+  s7 = c7 - (a0*b7 + a1*b6 + a2*b5 + a3*b4 + a4*b3 + a5*b2 + a6*b1 + a7*b0);
+  s8 = c8 - (a0*b8 + a1*b7 + a2*b6 + a3*b5 + a4*b4 + a5*b3 + a6*b2 + a7*b1 + a8*b0);
+  s9 = c9 - (a0*b9 + a1*b8 + a2*b7 + a3*b6 + a4*b5 + a5*b4 + a6*b3 + a7*b2 + a8*b1 + a9*b0);
+  s10 = c10 - (a0*b10 + a1*b9 + a2*b8 + a3*b7 + a4*b6 + a5*b5 + a6*b4 + a7*b3 + a8*b2 + a9*b1 + a10*b0);
+  s11 = c11 - (a0*b11 + a1*b10 + a2*b9 + a3*b8 + a4*b7 + a5*b6 + a6*b5 + a7*b4 + a8*b3 + a9*b2 + a10*b1 + a11*b0);
+  s12 = -(a1*b11 + a2*b10 + a3*b9 + a4*b8 + a5*b7 + a6*b6 + a7*b5 + a8*b4 + a9*b3 + a10*b2 + a11*b1);
+  s13 = -(a2*b11 + a3*b10 + a4*b9 + a5*b8 + a6*b7 + a7*b6 + a8*b5 + a9*b4 + a10*b3 + a11*b2);
+  s14 = -(a3*b11 + a4*b10 + a5*b9 + a6*b8 + a7*b7 + a8*b6 + a9*b5 + a10*b4 + a11*b3);
+  s15 = -(a4*b11 + a5*b10 + a6*b9 + a7*b8 + a8*b7 + a9*b6 + a10*b5 + a11*b4);
+  s16 = -(a5*b11 + a6*b10 + a7*b9 + a8*b8 + a9*b7 + a10*b6 + a11*b5);
+  s17 = -(a6*b11 + a7*b10 + a8*b9 + a9*b8 + a10*b7 + a11*b6);
+  s18 = -(a7*b11 + a8*b10 + a9*b9 + a10*b8 + a11*b7);
+  s19 = -(a8*b11 + a9*b10 + a10*b9 + a11*b8);
+  s20 = -(a9*b11 + a10*b10 + a11*b9);
+  s21 = -(a10*b11 + a11*b10);
+  s22 = -a11*b11;
+  s23 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+  carry18 = (s18 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s19 += carry18; s18 -= carry18 << 21;
+  carry20 = (s20 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s21 += carry20; s20 -= carry20 << 21;
+  carry22 = (s22 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s23 += carry22; s22 -= carry22 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+  carry17 = (s17 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s18 += carry17; s17 -= carry17 << 21;
+  carry19 = (s19 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s20 += carry19; s19 -= carry19 << 21;
+  carry21 = (s21 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s22 += carry21; s21 -= carry21 << 21;
+
+  s11 += s23 * 666643;
+  s12 += s23 * 470296;
+  s13 += s23 * 654183;
+  s14 -= s23 * 997805;
+  s15 += s23 * 136657;
+  s16 -= s23 * 683901;
+
+  s10 += s22 * 666643;
+  s11 += s22 * 470296;
+  s12 += s22 * 654183;
+  s13 -= s22 * 997805;
+  s14 += s22 * 136657;
+  s15 -= s22 * 683901;
+
+  s9 += s21 * 666643;
+  s10 += s21 * 470296;
+  s11 += s21 * 654183;
+  s12 -= s21 * 997805;
+  s13 += s21 * 136657;
+  s14 -= s21 * 683901;
+
+  s8 += s20 * 666643;
+  s9 += s20 * 470296;
+  s10 += s20 * 654183;
+  s11 -= s20 * 997805;
+  s12 += s20 * 136657;
+  s13 -= s20 * 683901;
+
+  s7 += s19 * 666643;
+  s8 += s19 * 470296;
+  s9 += s19 * 654183;
+  s10 -= s19 * 997805;
+  s11 += s19 * 136657;
+  s12 -= s19 * 683901;
+
+  s6 += s18 * 666643;
+  s7 += s18 * 470296;
+  s8 += s18 * 654183;
+  s9 -= s18 * 997805;
+  s10 += s18 * 136657;
+  s11 -= s18 * 683901;
+
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry12 = (s12 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s13 += carry12; s12 -= carry12 << 21;
+  carry14 = (s14 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s15 += carry14; s14 -= carry14 << 21;
+  carry16 = (s16 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s17 += carry16; s16 -= carry16 << 21;
+
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+  carry13 = (s13 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s14 += carry13; s13 -= carry13 << 21;
+  carry15 = (s15 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s16 += carry15; s15 -= carry15 << 21;
+
+  s5 += s17 * 666643;
+  s6 += s17 * 470296;
+  s7 += s17 * 654183;
+  s8 -= s17 * 997805;
+  s9 += s17 * 136657;
+  s10 -= s17 * 683901;
+
+  s4 += s16 * 666643;
+  s5 += s16 * 470296;
+  s6 += s16 * 654183;
+  s7 -= s16 * 997805;
+  s8 += s16 * 136657;
+  s9 -= s16 * 683901;
+
+  s3 += s15 * 666643;
+  s4 += s15 * 470296;
+  s5 += s15 * 654183;
+  s6 -= s15 * 997805;
+  s7 += s15 * 136657;
+  s8 -= s15 * 683901;
+
+  s2 += s14 * 666643;
+  s3 += s14 * 470296;
+  s4 += s14 * 654183;
+  s5 -= s14 * 997805;
+  s6 += s14 * 136657;
+  s7 -= s14 * 683901;
+
+  s1 += s13 * 666643;
+  s2 += s13 * 470296;
+  s3 += s13 * 654183;
+  s4 -= s13 * 997805;
+  s5 += s13 * 136657;
+  s6 -= s13 * 683901;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/scrap.txt b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/scrap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a02605db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/scrap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "ge.h"
+
+/*
+r = p + q
+*/
+
+void ge_add(ge_p1p1 *r,const ge_p3 *p,const ge_cached *q)
+{
+  fe t0;
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+fe_add(r->X,p->Y,p->X);
+
+fe_sub(r->Y,p->Y,p->X);
+
+fe_mul(r->Z,r->X,q->YplusX);
+
+fe_mul(r->Y,r->Y,q->YminusX);
+
+fe_mul(r->T,q->T2d,p->T);
+
+fe_mul(r->X,p->Z,q->Z);
+
+fe_add(t0,r->X,r->X);
+
+fe_sub(r->X,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+fe_add(r->Y,r->Z,r->Y);
+
+fe_add(r->Z,t0,r->T);
+
+fe_sub(r->T,t0,r->T);
+
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sign.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sign.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de53742a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sign.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "crypto_sign.h"
+#include "crypto_hash_sha512.h"
+#include "ge.h"
+#include "sc.h"
+
+int crypto_sign(
+  unsigned char *sm,unsigned long long *smlen,
+  const unsigned char *m,unsigned long long mlen,
+  const unsigned char *sk
+)
+{
+  unsigned char pk[32];
+  unsigned char az[64];
+  unsigned char nonce[64];
+  unsigned char hram[64];
+  ge_p3 R;
+
+  memmove(pk,sk + 32,32);
+
+  crypto_hash_sha512(az,sk,32);
+  az[0] &= 248;
+  az[31] &= 63;
+  az[31] |= 64;
+
+  *smlen = mlen + 64;
+  memmove(sm + 64,m,mlen);
+  memmove(sm + 32,az + 32,32);
+  crypto_hash_sha512(nonce,sm + 32,mlen + 32);
+  memmove(sm + 32,pk,32);
+
+  sc_reduce(nonce);
+  ge_scalarmult_base(&R,nonce);
+  ge_p3_tobytes(sm,&R);
+
+  crypto_hash_sha512(hram,sm,mlen + 64);
+  sc_reduce(hram);
+  sc_muladd(sm + 32,hram,az,nonce);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8caa23b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-32595792,-7943725,9377950,3500415,12389472,-272473,-25146209,-2005654,326686,11406482
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a47fbc12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/sqrtm1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+q = 2**255 - 19
+
+def expmod(b,e,m):
+  if e == 0: return 1
+  t = expmod(b,e/2,m)**2 % m
+  if e & 1: t = (t*b) % m
+  return t
+
+def inv(x):
+  return expmod(x,q-2,q)
+
+def radix255(x):
+  x = x % q
+  if x + x > q: x -= q
+  x = [x,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
+  bits = [26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25]
+  for i in range(9):
+    carry = (x[i] + 2**(bits[i]-1)) / 2**bits[i]
+    x[i] -= carry * 2**bits[i]
+    x[i + 1] += carry
+  result = ""
+  for i in range(9):
+    result = result+str(x[i])+","
+  result = result+str(x[9])
+  return result
+
+I = expmod(2,(q-1)/4,q)
+print radix255(I)
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/test.py b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10fa408ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+l = "(((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] | s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] | s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] | s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;"
+
+os.system("sed -i 's/crypto_verify_32(s, zero)/"+l+"/' crypto-ops.c")
+
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/xmrSpecificOld.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/xmrSpecificOld.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6567c120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/ref10CommentedCombined/xmrSpecificOld.c
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+/*Code inherited from the original cryptonote (I didn't write these) */
+/*These functions either don't exist in, or are modified from ref10*/
+
+
+/* From fe_isnonzero.c, modified */
+
+//x
+static int fe_isnonzero(const fe f) {
+  unsigned char s[32];
+  fe_tobytes(s, f);
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
+
+//double scalar mult precomp
+void ge_dsm_precomp(ge_dsmp r, const ge_p3 *s) {
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 s2, u;
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&r[0], s);
+  ge_p3_dbl(&t, s); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&s2, &t);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[0]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[1], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[1]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[2], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[2]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[3], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[3]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[4], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[4]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[5], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[5]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[6], &u);
+  ge_add(&t, &s2, &r[6]); ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t); ge_p3_to_cached(&r[7], &u);
+}
+
+/*
+r = a * A + b * B
+where a = a[0]+256*a[1]+...+256^31 a[31].
+and b = b[0]+256*b[1]+...+256^31 b[31].
+B is the Ed25519 base point (x,4/5) with x positive.
+*/
+
+void ge_double_scalarmult_base_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);/* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+      //so this gets us to the highest i such that both have a nonzero
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);//simple double and add
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_madd(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_msub(&t, &u, &ge_Bi[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* From ge_frombytes.c, modified */
+//this is like xrecover .. 
+//x
+int ge_frombytes_vartime(ge_p3 *h, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u;
+  fe v;
+  fe vxx;
+  fe check;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = (load_3(s + 29) & 8388607) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  /* Validate the number to be canonical */
+  if (h9 == 33554428 && h8 == 268435440 && h7 == 536870880 && h6 == 2147483520 &&
+    h5 == 4294967295 && h4 == 67108860 && h3 == 134217720 && h2 == 536870880 &&
+    h1 == 1073741760 && h0 >= 4294967277) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  h->Y[0] = h0;
+  h->Y[1] = h1;
+  h->Y[2] = h2;
+  h->Y[3] = h3;
+  h->Y[4] = h4;
+  h->Y[5] = h5;
+  h->Y[6] = h6;
+  h->Y[7] = h7;
+  h->Y[8] = h8;
+  h->Y[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_1(h->Z);
+  fe_sq(u, h->Y);
+  fe_mul(v, u, fe_d);
+  fe_sub(u, u, h->Z);       /* u = y^2-1 */
+  fe_add(v, v, h->Z);       /* v = dy^2+1 */
+
+  fe_divpowm1(h->X, u, v); /* x = uv^3(uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+
+  fe_sq(vxx, h->X);
+  fe_mul(vxx, vxx, v);
+  fe_sub(check, vxx, u);    /* vx^2-u */
+  if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+    fe_add(check, vxx, u);  /* vx^2+u */
+    if (fe_isnonzero(check)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_mul(h->X, h->X, fe_sqrtm1); //this is mapping X to X * sqrt(-1) c.f. 3.1 in hisil, dong, etc. 
+  }
+
+  if (fe_isnegative(h->X) != (s[31] >> 7)) {
+    /* If x = 0, the sign must be positive */
+    if (!fe_isnonzero(h->X)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    fe_neg(h->X, h->X);
+  }
+
+  fe_mul(h->T, h->X, h->Y);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* New code */
+/* (u / v)^(m + 1) */
+static void fe_divpowm1(fe r, const fe u, const fe v) {
+  fe v3, uv7, t0, t1, t2;
+  int i;
+
+  fe_sq(v3, v);
+  fe_mul(v3, v3, v); /* v3 = v^3 */
+  fe_sq(uv7, v3);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, v);
+  fe_mul(uv7, uv7, u); /* uv7 = uv^7 */
+
+  /*fe_pow22523(uv7, uv7);*/
+
+  /* From fe_pow22523.c */
+
+  fe_sq(t0, uv7);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  fe_mul(t1, uv7, t1);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, t1);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 19; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t1, t0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t2, t2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t1, t2, t1);
+  for (i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
+    fe_sq(t1, t1);
+  }
+  fe_mul(t0, t1, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_sq(t0, t0);
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, uv7);
+
+  /* End fe_pow22523.c */
+  /* t0 = (uv^7)^((q-5)/8) */
+  fe_mul(t0, t0, v3);
+  fe_mul(r, t0, u); /* u^(m+1)v^(-(m+1)) */
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_0(ge_cached *r) {
+  fe_1(r->YplusX);
+  fe_1(r->YminusX);
+  fe_1(r->Z);
+  fe_0(r->T2d);
+}
+
+static void ge_cached_cmov(ge_cached *t, const ge_cached *u, unsigned char b) {
+  fe_cmov(t->YplusX, u->YplusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->YminusX, u->YminusX, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->Z, u->Z, b);
+  fe_cmov(t->T2d, u->T2d, b);
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a[31] <= 127 */
+void ge_scalarmult(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A) {
+  signed char e[64];
+  int carry, carry2, i;
+  ge_cached Ai[8]; /* 1 * A, 2 * A, ..., 8 * A */
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+
+  carry = 0; /* 0..1 */
+  for (i = 0; i < 31; i++) {
+    carry += a[i]; /* 0..256 */
+    carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..16 */
+    e[2 * i] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+    carry = (carry2 + 8) >> 4; /* 0..1 */
+    e[2 * i + 1] = carry2 - (carry << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  }
+  carry += a[31]; /* 0..128 */
+  carry2 = (carry + 8) >> 4; /* 0..8 */
+  e[62] = carry - (carry2 << 4); /* -8..7 */
+  e[63] = carry2; /* 0..8 */
+
+  ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[0], A);
+  for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+    ge_add(&t, A, &Ai[i]);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_p3_to_cached(&Ai[i + 1], &u);
+  }
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+  for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) {
+    signed char b = e[i];
+    unsigned char bnegative = negative(b);
+    unsigned char babs = b - (((-bnegative) & b) << 1);
+    ge_cached cur, minuscur;
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+    ge_cached_0(&cur);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[0], equal(babs, 1));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[1], equal(babs, 2));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[2], equal(babs, 3));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[3], equal(babs, 4));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[4], equal(babs, 5));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[5], equal(babs, 6));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[6], equal(babs, 7));
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &Ai[7], equal(babs, 8));
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YplusX, cur.YminusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.YminusX, cur.YplusX);
+    fe_copy(minuscur.Z, cur.Z);
+    fe_neg(minuscur.T2d, cur.T2d);
+    ge_cached_cmov(&cur, &minuscur, bnegative);
+    ge_add(&t, &u, &cur);
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//assume Bi has precomputed multiples
+void ge_double_scalarmult_precomp_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *a, const ge_p3 *A, const unsigned char *b, const ge_dsmp Bii) {
+  signed char aslide[256];
+  signed char bslide[256];
+  ge_dsmp Ai; /* A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A, 11A, 13A, 15A */ //precomps
+  ge_p1p1 t;
+  ge_p3 u;
+  int i;
+
+  slide(aslide, a);
+  slide(bslide, b);
+  ge_dsm_precomp(Ai, A);
+
+  ge_p2_0(r);
+
+  for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (aslide[i] || bslide[i]) break;
+  }
+
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    ge_p2_dbl(&t, r);
+
+    if (aslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Ai[aslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (aslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Ai[(-aslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    if (bslide[i] > 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_add(&t, &u, &Bii[bslide[i]/2]);
+    } else if (bslide[i] < 0) {
+      ge_p1p1_to_p3(&u, &t);
+      ge_sub(&t, &u, &Bii[(-bslide[i])/2]);
+    }
+
+    ge_p1p1_to_p2(r, &t);
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_mul8(ge_p1p1 *r, const ge_p2 *t) {
+  ge_p2 u;
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, t);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+  ge_p1p1_to_p2(&u, r);
+  ge_p2_dbl(r, &u);
+}
+
+//x
+void ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime(ge_p2 *r, const unsigned char *s) {
+  fe u, v, w, x, y, z;
+  unsigned char sign;
+
+  /* From fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  int64_t h0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t h1 = load_3(s + 4) << 6;
+  int64_t h2 = load_3(s + 7) << 5;
+  int64_t h3 = load_3(s + 10) << 3;
+  int64_t h4 = load_3(s + 13) << 2;
+  int64_t h5 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t h6 = load_3(s + 20) << 7;
+  int64_t h7 = load_3(s + 23) << 5;
+  int64_t h8 = load_3(s + 26) << 4;
+  int64_t h9 = load_3(s + 29) << 2;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+
+  carry9 = (h9 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h0 += carry9 * 19; h9 -= carry9 << 25;
+  carry1 = (h1 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h2 += carry1; h1 -= carry1 << 25;
+  carry3 = (h3 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h4 += carry3; h3 -= carry3 << 25;
+  carry5 = (h5 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h6 += carry5; h5 -= carry5 << 25;
+  carry7 = (h7 + (int64_t) (1<<24)) >> 25; h8 += carry7; h7 -= carry7 << 25;
+
+  carry0 = (h0 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h1 += carry0; h0 -= carry0 << 26;
+  carry2 = (h2 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h3 += carry2; h2 -= carry2 << 26;
+  carry4 = (h4 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h5 += carry4; h4 -= carry4 << 26;
+  carry6 = (h6 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h7 += carry6; h6 -= carry6 << 26;
+  carry8 = (h8 + (int64_t) (1<<25)) >> 26; h9 += carry8; h8 -= carry8 << 26;
+
+  u[0] = h0;
+  u[1] = h1;
+  u[2] = h2;
+  u[3] = h3;
+  u[4] = h4;
+  u[5] = h5;
+  u[6] = h6;
+  u[7] = h7;
+  u[8] = h8;
+  u[9] = h9;
+
+  /* End fe_frombytes.c */
+
+  fe_sq2(v, u); /* 2 * u^2 */
+  fe_1(w);
+  fe_add(w, v, w); /* w = 2 * u^2 + 1 */
+  fe_sq(x, w); /* w^2 */
+  fe_mul(y, fe_ma2, v); /* -2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_add(x, x, y); /* x = w^2 - 2 * A^2 * u^2 */
+  fe_divpowm1(r->X, w, x); /* (w / x)^(m + 1) */
+  fe_sq(y, r->X);
+  fe_mul(x, y, x);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  fe_copy(z, fe_ma);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    fe_add(y, w, x);
+    if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+      goto negative;
+    } else {
+      fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb2);
+  }
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, u); /* u * sqrt(2 * A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  fe_mul(z, z, v); /* -2 * A * u^2 */
+  sign = 0;
+  goto setsign;
+negative:
+  fe_mul(x, x, fe_sqrtm1);
+  fe_sub(y, w, x);
+  if (fe_isnonzero(y)) {
+    assert((fe_add(y, w, x), !fe_isnonzero(y)));
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb3);
+  } else {
+    fe_mul(r->X, r->X, fe_fffb4);
+  }
+  /* r->X = sqrt(A * (A + 2) * w / x) */
+  /* z = -A */
+  sign = 1;
+setsign:
+  if (fe_isnegative(r->X) != sign) {
+    assert(fe_isnonzero(r->X));
+    fe_neg(r->X, r->X);
+  }
+  fe_add(r->Z, z, w);
+  fe_sub(r->Y, z, w);
+  fe_mul(r->X, r->X, r->Z);
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+  {
+    fe check_x, check_y, check_iz, check_v;
+    fe_invert(check_iz, r->Z);
+    fe_mul(check_x, r->X, check_iz);
+    fe_mul(check_y, r->Y, check_iz);
+    fe_sq(check_x, check_x);
+    fe_sq(check_y, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, check_x, check_y);
+    fe_mul(check_v, fe_d, check_v);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    fe_sub(check_v, check_v, check_y);
+    fe_1(check_x);
+    fe_add(check_v, check_v, check_x);
+    assert(!fe_isnonzero(check_v));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_0(unsigned char *s) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    s[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_reduce32(unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = 2097151 & load_3(s);
+  int64_t s1 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t s2 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t s3 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t s4 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t s5 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t s6 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t s7 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t s8 = 2097151 & load_3(s + 21);
+  int64_t s9 = 2097151 & (load_4(s + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t s10 = 2097151 & (load_3(s + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t s11 = (load_4(s + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+//x
+void sc_add(unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b) {
+  int64_t a0 = 2097151 & load_3(a);
+  int64_t a1 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t a2 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t a3 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t a4 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t a5 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t a6 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t a7 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t a8 = 2097151 & load_3(a + 21);
+  int64_t a9 = 2097151 & (load_4(a + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t a10 = 2097151 & (load_3(a + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t a11 = (load_4(a + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t b0 = 2097151 & load_3(b);
+  int64_t b1 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 2) >> 5);
+  int64_t b2 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 5) >> 2);
+  int64_t b3 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 7) >> 7);
+  int64_t b4 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 10) >> 4);
+  int64_t b5 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 13) >> 1);
+  int64_t b6 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 15) >> 6);
+  int64_t b7 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 18) >> 3);
+  int64_t b8 = 2097151 & load_3(b + 21);
+  int64_t b9 = 2097151 & (load_4(b + 23) >> 5);
+  int64_t b10 = 2097151 & (load_3(b + 26) >> 2);
+  int64_t b11 = (load_4(b + 28) >> 7);
+  int64_t s0 = a0 + b0;
+  int64_t s1 = a1 + b1;
+  int64_t s2 = a2 + b2;
+  int64_t s3 = a3 + b3;
+  int64_t s4 = a4 + b4;
+  int64_t s5 = a5 + b5;
+  int64_t s6 = a6 + b6;
+  int64_t s7 = a7 + b7;
+  int64_t s8 = a8 + b8;
+  int64_t s9 = a9 + b9;
+  int64_t s10 = a10 + b10;
+  int64_t s11 = a11 + b11;
+  int64_t s12 = 0;
+  int64_t carry0;
+  int64_t carry1;
+  int64_t carry2;
+  int64_t carry3;
+  int64_t carry4;
+  int64_t carry5;
+  int64_t carry6;
+  int64_t carry7;
+  int64_t carry8;
+  int64_t carry9;
+  int64_t carry10;
+  int64_t carry11;
+
+  carry0 = (s0 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry2 = (s2 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry4 = (s4 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry6 = (s6 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry8 = (s8 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry10 = (s10 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  carry1 = (s1 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry3 = (s3 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry5 = (s5 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry7 = (s7 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry9 = (s9 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry11 = (s11 + (1<<20)) >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+  s12 = 0;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+  carry11 = s11 >> 21; s12 += carry11; s11 -= carry11 << 21;
+
+  s0 += s12 * 666643;
+  s1 += s12 * 470296;
+  s2 += s12 * 654183;
+  s3 -= s12 * 997805;
+  s4 += s12 * 136657;
+  s5 -= s12 * 683901;
+
+  carry0 = s0 >> 21; s1 += carry0; s0 -= carry0 << 21;
+  carry1 = s1 >> 21; s2 += carry1; s1 -= carry1 << 21;
+  carry2 = s2 >> 21; s3 += carry2; s2 -= carry2 << 21;
+  carry3 = s3 >> 21; s4 += carry3; s3 -= carry3 << 21;
+  carry4 = s4 >> 21; s5 += carry4; s4 -= carry4 << 21;
+  carry5 = s5 >> 21; s6 += carry5; s5 -= carry5 << 21;
+  carry6 = s6 >> 21; s7 += carry6; s6 -= carry6 << 21;
+  carry7 = s7 >> 21; s8 += carry7; s7 -= carry7 << 21;
+  carry8 = s8 >> 21; s9 += carry8; s8 -= carry8 << 21;
+  carry9 = s9 >> 21; s10 += carry9; s9 -= carry9 << 21;
+  carry10 = s10 >> 21; s11 += carry10; s10 -= carry10 << 21;
+
+  s[0] = s0 >> 0;
+  s[1] = s0 >> 8;
+  s[2] = (s0 >> 16) | (s1 << 5);
+  s[3] = s1 >> 3;
+  s[4] = s1 >> 11;
+  s[5] = (s1 >> 19) | (s2 << 2);
+  s[6] = s2 >> 6;
+  s[7] = (s2 >> 14) | (s3 << 7);
+  s[8] = s3 >> 1;
+  s[9] = s3 >> 9;
+  s[10] = (s3 >> 17) | (s4 << 4);
+  s[11] = s4 >> 4;
+  s[12] = s4 >> 12;
+  s[13] = (s4 >> 20) | (s5 << 1);
+  s[14] = s5 >> 7;
+  s[15] = (s5 >> 15) | (s6 << 6);
+  s[16] = s6 >> 2;
+  s[17] = s6 >> 10;
+  s[18] = (s6 >> 18) | (s7 << 3);
+  s[19] = s7 >> 5;
+  s[20] = s7 >> 13;
+  s[21] = s8 >> 0;
+  s[22] = s8 >> 8;
+  s[23] = (s8 >> 16) | (s9 << 5);
+  s[24] = s9 >> 3;
+  s[25] = s9 >> 11;
+  s[26] = (s9 >> 19) | (s10 << 2);
+  s[27] = s10 >> 6;
+  s[28] = (s10 >> 14) | (s11 << 7);
+  s[29] = s11 >> 1;
+  s[30] = s11 >> 9;
+  s[31] = s11 >> 17;
+}
+
+/* Assumes that a != INT64_MIN */
+//x c.f. lt in 32 bit ref
+static int64_t signum(int64_t a) {
+  return (a >> 63) - ((-a) >> 63);
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_check(const unsigned char *s) {
+  int64_t s0 = load_4(s);
+  int64_t s1 = load_4(s + 4);
+  int64_t s2 = load_4(s + 8);
+  int64_t s3 = load_4(s + 12);
+  int64_t s4 = load_4(s + 16);
+  int64_t s5 = load_4(s + 20);
+  int64_t s6 = load_4(s + 24);
+  int64_t s7 = load_4(s + 28);
+  return (signum(1559614444 - s0) + (signum(1477600026 - s1) << 1) + (signum(2734136534 - s2) << 2) + (signum(350157278 - s3) << 3) + (signum(-s4) << 4) + (signum(-s5) << 5) + (signum(-s6) << 6) + (signum(268435456 - s7) << 7)) >> 8;
+}
+
+//x
+int sc_isnonzero(const unsigned char *s) {
+  return (((int) (s[0] | s[1] | s[2] | s[3] | s[4] | s[5] | s[6] | s[7] | s[8] |
+    s[9] | s[10] | s[11] | s[12] | s[13] | s[14] | s[15] | s[16] | s[17] |
+    s[18] | s[19] | s[20] | s[21] | s[22] | s[23] | s[24] | s[25] | s[26] |
+    s[27] | s[28] | s[29] | s[30] | s[31]) - 1) >> 8) + 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-blocks.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-blocks.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8dbf0d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-blocks.c
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+//#include "crypto_hashblocks.h"
+
+typedef unsigned long long uint64;
+
+static uint64 load_bigendian(const unsigned char *x)
+{
+  return
+      (uint64) (x[7]) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[6])) << 8) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[5])) << 16) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[4])) << 24) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[3])) << 32) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[2])) << 40) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[1])) << 48) \
+  | (((uint64) (x[0])) << 56)
+  ;
+}
+
+static void store_bigendian(unsigned char *x,uint64 u)
+{
+  x[7] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[6] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[5] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[4] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[3] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[2] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[1] = u; u >>= 8;
+  x[0] = u;
+}
+
+#define SHR(x,c) ((x) >> (c))
+#define ROTR(x,c) (((x) >> (c)) | ((x) << (64 - (c))))
+
+#define Ch(x,y,z) ((x & y) ^ (~x & z))
+#define Maj(x,y,z) ((x & y) ^ (x & z) ^ (y & z))
+#define Sigma0(x) (ROTR(x,28) ^ ROTR(x,34) ^ ROTR(x,39))
+#define Sigma1(x) (ROTR(x,14) ^ ROTR(x,18) ^ ROTR(x,41))
+#define sigma0(x) (ROTR(x, 1) ^ ROTR(x, 8) ^ SHR(x,7))
+#define sigma1(x) (ROTR(x,19) ^ ROTR(x,61) ^ SHR(x,6))
+
+#define M(w0,w14,w9,w1) w0 = sigma1(w14) + w9 + sigma0(w1) + w0;
+
+#define EXPAND \
+  M(w0 ,w14,w9 ,w1 ) \
+  M(w1 ,w15,w10,w2 ) \
+  M(w2 ,w0 ,w11,w3 ) \
+  M(w3 ,w1 ,w12,w4 ) \
+  M(w4 ,w2 ,w13,w5 ) \
+  M(w5 ,w3 ,w14,w6 ) \
+  M(w6 ,w4 ,w15,w7 ) \
+  M(w7 ,w5 ,w0 ,w8 ) \
+  M(w8 ,w6 ,w1 ,w9 ) \
+  M(w9 ,w7 ,w2 ,w10) \
+  M(w10,w8 ,w3 ,w11) \
+  M(w11,w9 ,w4 ,w12) \
+  M(w12,w10,w5 ,w13) \
+  M(w13,w11,w6 ,w14) \
+  M(w14,w12,w7 ,w15) \
+  M(w15,w13,w8 ,w0 )
+
+#define F(w,k) \
+  T1 = h + Sigma1(e) + Ch(e,f,g) + k + w; \
+  T2 = Sigma0(a) + Maj(a,b,c); \
+  h = g; \
+  g = f; \
+  f = e; \
+  e = d + T1; \
+  d = c; \
+  c = b; \
+  b = a; \
+  a = T1 + T2;
+
+int crypto_hashblocks(unsigned char *statebytes,const unsigned char *in,unsigned long long inlen)
+{
+  uint64 state[8];
+  uint64 a;
+  uint64 b;
+  uint64 c;
+  uint64 d;
+  uint64 e;
+  uint64 f;
+  uint64 g;
+  uint64 h;
+  uint64 T1;
+  uint64 T2;
+
+  a = load_bigendian(statebytes +  0); state[0] = a;
+  b = load_bigendian(statebytes +  8); state[1] = b;
+  c = load_bigendian(statebytes + 16); state[2] = c;
+  d = load_bigendian(statebytes + 24); state[3] = d;
+  e = load_bigendian(statebytes + 32); state[4] = e;
+  f = load_bigendian(statebytes + 40); state[5] = f;
+  g = load_bigendian(statebytes + 48); state[6] = g;
+  h = load_bigendian(statebytes + 56); state[7] = h;
+
+  while (inlen >= 128) {
+    uint64 w0  = load_bigendian(in +   0);
+    uint64 w1  = load_bigendian(in +   8);
+    uint64 w2  = load_bigendian(in +  16);
+    uint64 w3  = load_bigendian(in +  24);
+    uint64 w4  = load_bigendian(in +  32);
+    uint64 w5  = load_bigendian(in +  40);
+    uint64 w6  = load_bigendian(in +  48);
+    uint64 w7  = load_bigendian(in +  56);
+    uint64 w8  = load_bigendian(in +  64);
+    uint64 w9  = load_bigendian(in +  72);
+    uint64 w10 = load_bigendian(in +  80);
+    uint64 w11 = load_bigendian(in +  88);
+    uint64 w12 = load_bigendian(in +  96);
+    uint64 w13 = load_bigendian(in + 104);
+    uint64 w14 = load_bigendian(in + 112);
+    uint64 w15 = load_bigendian(in + 120);
+
+    F(w0 ,0x428a2f98d728ae22ULL)
+    F(w1 ,0x7137449123ef65cdULL)
+    F(w2 ,0xb5c0fbcfec4d3b2fULL)
+    F(w3 ,0xe9b5dba58189dbbcULL)
+    F(w4 ,0x3956c25bf348b538ULL)
+    F(w5 ,0x59f111f1b605d019ULL)
+    F(w6 ,0x923f82a4af194f9bULL)
+    F(w7 ,0xab1c5ed5da6d8118ULL)
+    F(w8 ,0xd807aa98a3030242ULL)
+    F(w9 ,0x12835b0145706fbeULL)
+    F(w10,0x243185be4ee4b28cULL)
+    F(w11,0x550c7dc3d5ffb4e2ULL)
+    F(w12,0x72be5d74f27b896fULL)
+    F(w13,0x80deb1fe3b1696b1ULL)
+    F(w14,0x9bdc06a725c71235ULL)
+    F(w15,0xc19bf174cf692694ULL)
+
+    EXPAND
+
+    F(w0 ,0xe49b69c19ef14ad2ULL)
+    F(w1 ,0xefbe4786384f25e3ULL)
+    F(w2 ,0x0fc19dc68b8cd5b5ULL)
+    F(w3 ,0x240ca1cc77ac9c65ULL)
+    F(w4 ,0x2de92c6f592b0275ULL)
+    F(w5 ,0x4a7484aa6ea6e483ULL)
+    F(w6 ,0x5cb0a9dcbd41fbd4ULL)
+    F(w7 ,0x76f988da831153b5ULL)
+    F(w8 ,0x983e5152ee66dfabULL)
+    F(w9 ,0xa831c66d2db43210ULL)
+    F(w10,0xb00327c898fb213fULL)
+    F(w11,0xbf597fc7beef0ee4ULL)
+    F(w12,0xc6e00bf33da88fc2ULL)
+    F(w13,0xd5a79147930aa725ULL)
+    F(w14,0x06ca6351e003826fULL)
+    F(w15,0x142929670a0e6e70ULL)
+
+    EXPAND
+
+    F(w0 ,0x27b70a8546d22ffcULL)
+    F(w1 ,0x2e1b21385c26c926ULL)
+    F(w2 ,0x4d2c6dfc5ac42aedULL)
+    F(w3 ,0x53380d139d95b3dfULL)
+    F(w4 ,0x650a73548baf63deULL)
+    F(w5 ,0x766a0abb3c77b2a8ULL)
+    F(w6 ,0x81c2c92e47edaee6ULL)
+    F(w7 ,0x92722c851482353bULL)
+    F(w8 ,0xa2bfe8a14cf10364ULL)
+    F(w9 ,0xa81a664bbc423001ULL)
+    F(w10,0xc24b8b70d0f89791ULL)
+    F(w11,0xc76c51a30654be30ULL)
+    F(w12,0xd192e819d6ef5218ULL)
+    F(w13,0xd69906245565a910ULL)
+    F(w14,0xf40e35855771202aULL)
+    F(w15,0x106aa07032bbd1b8ULL)
+
+    EXPAND
+
+    F(w0 ,0x19a4c116b8d2d0c8ULL)
+    F(w1 ,0x1e376c085141ab53ULL)
+    F(w2 ,0x2748774cdf8eeb99ULL)
+    F(w3 ,0x34b0bcb5e19b48a8ULL)
+    F(w4 ,0x391c0cb3c5c95a63ULL)
+    F(w5 ,0x4ed8aa4ae3418acbULL)
+    F(w6 ,0x5b9cca4f7763e373ULL)
+    F(w7 ,0x682e6ff3d6b2b8a3ULL)
+    F(w8 ,0x748f82ee5defb2fcULL)
+    F(w9 ,0x78a5636f43172f60ULL)
+    F(w10,0x84c87814a1f0ab72ULL)
+    F(w11,0x8cc702081a6439ecULL)
+    F(w12,0x90befffa23631e28ULL)
+    F(w13,0xa4506cebde82bde9ULL)
+    F(w14,0xbef9a3f7b2c67915ULL)
+    F(w15,0xc67178f2e372532bULL)
+
+    EXPAND
+
+    F(w0 ,0xca273eceea26619cULL)
+    F(w1 ,0xd186b8c721c0c207ULL)
+    F(w2 ,0xeada7dd6cde0eb1eULL)
+    F(w3 ,0xf57d4f7fee6ed178ULL)
+    F(w4 ,0x06f067aa72176fbaULL)
+    F(w5 ,0x0a637dc5a2c898a6ULL)
+    F(w6 ,0x113f9804bef90daeULL)
+    F(w7 ,0x1b710b35131c471bULL)
+    F(w8 ,0x28db77f523047d84ULL)
+    F(w9 ,0x32caab7b40c72493ULL)
+    F(w10,0x3c9ebe0a15c9bebcULL)
+    F(w11,0x431d67c49c100d4cULL)
+    F(w12,0x4cc5d4becb3e42b6ULL)
+    F(w13,0x597f299cfc657e2aULL)
+    F(w14,0x5fcb6fab3ad6faecULL)
+    F(w15,0x6c44198c4a475817ULL)
+
+    a += state[0];
+    b += state[1];
+    c += state[2];
+    d += state[3];
+    e += state[4];
+    f += state[5];
+    g += state[6];
+    h += state[7];
+  
+    state[0] = a;
+    state[1] = b;
+    state[2] = c;
+    state[3] = d;
+    state[4] = e;
+    state[5] = f;
+    state[6] = g;
+    state[7] = h;
+
+    in += 128;
+    inlen -= 128;
+  }
+
+  store_bigendian(statebytes +  0,state[0]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes +  8,state[1]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 16,state[2]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 24,state[3]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 32,state[4]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 40,state[5]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 48,state[6]);
+  store_bigendian(statebytes + 56,state[7]);
+
+  return inlen;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-hash.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-hash.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2f292505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512-hash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+20080913
+D. J. Bernstein
+Public domain.
+*/
+
+#include "sha512.h"
+
+extern int crypto_hashblocks(unsigned char *statebytes,const unsigned char *in,unsigned long long inlen);
+
+#define blocks crypto_hashblocks
+
+static const unsigned char iv[64] = {
+  0x6a,0x09,0xe6,0x67,0xf3,0xbc,0xc9,0x08,
+  0xbb,0x67,0xae,0x85,0x84,0xca,0xa7,0x3b,
+  0x3c,0x6e,0xf3,0x72,0xfe,0x94,0xf8,0x2b,
+  0xa5,0x4f,0xf5,0x3a,0x5f,0x1d,0x36,0xf1,
+  0x51,0x0e,0x52,0x7f,0xad,0xe6,0x82,0xd1,
+  0x9b,0x05,0x68,0x8c,0x2b,0x3e,0x6c,0x1f,
+  0x1f,0x83,0xd9,0xab,0xfb,0x41,0xbd,0x6b,
+  0x5b,0xe0,0xcd,0x19,0x13,0x7e,0x21,0x79
+} ;
+
+typedef unsigned long long uint64;
+
+int crypto_hash_sha512(unsigned char *out,const unsigned char *in,unsigned long long inlen)
+{
+  unsigned char h[64];
+  unsigned char padded[256];
+  int i;
+  unsigned long long bytes = inlen;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 64;++i) h[i] = iv[i];
+
+  blocks(h,in,inlen);
+  in += inlen;
+  inlen &= 127;
+  in -= inlen;
+
+  for (i = 0;i < inlen;++i) padded[i] = in[i];
+  padded[inlen] = 0x80;
+
+  if (inlen < 112) {
+    for (i = inlen + 1;i < 119;++i) padded[i] = 0;
+    padded[119] = bytes >> 61;
+    padded[120] = bytes >> 53;
+    padded[121] = bytes >> 45;
+    padded[122] = bytes >> 37;
+    padded[123] = bytes >> 29;
+    padded[124] = bytes >> 21;
+    padded[125] = bytes >> 13;
+    padded[126] = bytes >> 5;
+    padded[127] = bytes << 3;
+    blocks(h,padded,128);
+  } else {
+    for (i = inlen + 1;i < 247;++i) padded[i] = 0;
+    padded[247] = bytes >> 61;
+    padded[248] = bytes >> 53;
+    padded[249] = bytes >> 45;
+    padded[250] = bytes >> 37;
+    padded[251] = bytes >> 29;
+    padded[252] = bytes >> 21;
+    padded[253] = bytes >> 13;
+    padded[254] = bytes >> 5;
+    padded[255] = bytes << 3;
+    blocks(h,padded,256);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0;i < 64;++i) out[i] = h[i];
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512.h b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37376b15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/sha512.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+extern int crypto_hashblocks(unsigned char *statebytes,const unsigned char *in,unsigned long long inlen);
+extern int crypto_hash_sha512(unsigned char *out,const unsigned char *in,unsigned long long inlen);
+
+#define crypto_hash_sha512_BYTES 64
diff --git a/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/verify.c b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/verify.c
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a04186b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref/verify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "crypto_verify_32.h"
+
+int crypto_verify_32(const unsigned char *x,const unsigned char *y)
+{
+  unsigned int differentbits = 0;
+#define F(i) differentbits |= x[i] ^ y[i];
+  F(0)
+  F(1)
+  F(2)
+  F(3)
+  F(4)
+  F(5)
+  F(6)
+  F(7)
+  F(8)
+  F(9)
+  F(10)
+  F(11)
+  F(12)
+  F(13)
+  F(14)
+  F(15)
+  F(16)
+  F(17)
+  F(18)
+  F(19)
+  F(20)
+  F(21)
+  F(22)
+  F(23)
+  F(24)
+  F(25)
+  F(26)
+  F(27)
+  F(28)
+  F(29)
+  F(30)
+  F(31)
+  return (1 & ((differentbits - 1) >> 8)) - 1;
+}
author	ShenNoether <Shen.Noether@gmx.com>	2015-08-23 14:48:50 -0600
committer	ShenNoether <Shen.Noether@gmx.com>	2015-08-23 14:48:50 -0600
commit	0a4bc84b2f681dfd89b501648f65a951d876e2d8 (patch)
tree	9f37622b56f26724b4c057dd28f4c9a0ee7ecd74 /src/crypto/shen_ed25519_ref
parent	revert to 776b4fc91a821be152f0f23e6873aabb78a72029 (diff)
download	monero-0a4bc84b2f681dfd89b501648f65a951d876e2d8.tar.xz