added unbound to external deps

1 files changed, 2303 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/external/unbound/smallapp/unbound-anchor.c b/external/unbound/smallapp/unbound-anchor.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9df0d95b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/unbound/smallapp/unbound-anchor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2303 @@
+/*
+ * unbound-anchor.c - update the root anchor if necessary.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is open source.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
+ * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ * specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ *
+ * This file checks to see that the current 5011 keys work to prime the
+ * current root anchor.  If not a certificate is used to update the anchor.
+ *
+ * This is a concept solution for distribution of the DNSSEC root
+ * trust anchor.  It is a small tool, called "unbound-anchor", that
+ * runs before the main validator starts.  I.e. in the init script:
+ * unbound-anchor; unbound.  Thus it is meant to run at system boot time.
+ *
+ * Management-Abstract:
+ *    * first run: fill root.key file with hardcoded DS record.
+ *    * mostly: use RFC5011 tracking, quick . DNSKEY UDP query.
+ *    * failover: use builtin certificate, do https and update.
+ * Special considerations:
+ *    * 30-days RFC5011 timer saves a lot of https traffic.
+ *    * DNSKEY probe must be NOERROR, saves a lot of https traffic.
+ *    * fail if clock before sign date of the root, if cert expired.
+ *    * if the root goes back to unsigned, deals with it.
+ *
+ * It has hardcoded the root DS anchors and the ICANN CA root certificate.
+ * It allows with options to override those.  It also takes root-hints (it
+ * has to do a DNS resolve), and also has hardcoded defaults for those.
+ *
+ * Once it starts, just before the validator starts, it quickly checks if
+ * the root anchor file needs to be updated.  First it tries to use
+ * RFC5011-tracking of the root key.  If that fails (and for 30-days since
+ * last successful probe), then it attempts to update using the
+ * certificate.  So most of the time, the RFC5011 tracking will work fine,
+ * and within a couple milliseconds, the main daemon can start.  It will
+ * have only probed the . DNSKEY, not done expensive https transfers on the
+ * root infrastructure.
+ *
+ * If there is no root key in the root.key file, it bootstraps the
+ * RFC5011-tracking with its builtin DS anchors; if that fails it
+ * bootstraps the RFC5011-tracking using the certificate.  (again to avoid
+ * https, and it is also faster).
+ * 
+ * It uses the XML file by converting it to DS records and writing that to the
+ * key file.  Unbound can detect that the 'special comments' are gone, and
+ * the file contains a list of normal DNSKEY/DS records, and uses that to
+ * bootstrap 5011 (the KSK is made VALID).
+ *
+ * The certificate update is done by fetching root-anchors.xml and
+ * root-anchors.p7s via SSL.  The HTTPS certificate can be logged but is
+ * not validated (https for channel security; the security comes from the
+ * certificate).  The 'data.iana.org' domain name A and AAAA are resolved
+ * without DNSSEC.  It tries a random IP until the transfer succeeds.  It
+ * then checks the p7s signature.
+ *
+ * On any failure, it leaves the root key file untouched.  The main
+ * validator has to cope with it, it cannot fix things (So a failure does
+ * not go 'without DNSSEC', no downgrade).  If it used its builtin stuff or
+ * did the https, it exits with an exit code, so that this can trigger the
+ * init script to log the event and potentially alert the operator that can
+ * do a manual check.
+ *
+ * The date is also checked.  Before 2010-07-15 is a failure (root not
+ * signed yet; avoids attacks on system clock).  The
+ * last-successful-RFC5011-probe (if available) has to be more than 30 days
+ * in the past (otherwise, RFC5011 should have worked).  This keeps
+ * unneccesary https traffic down.  If the main certificate is expired, it
+ * fails.
+ *
+ * The dates on the keys in the xml are checked (uses the libexpat xml
+ * parser), only the valid ones are used to re-enstate RFC5011 tracking.
+ * If 0 keys are valid, the zone has gone to insecure (a special marker is
+ * written in the keyfile that tells the main validator daemon the zone is
+ * insecure).
+ *
+ * Only the root ICANN CA is shipped, not the intermediate ones.  The
+ * intermediate CAs are included in the p7s file that was downloaded.  (the
+ * root cert is valid to 2028 and the intermediate to 2014, today).
+ *
+ * Obviously, the tool also has options so the operator can provide a new
+ * keyfile, a new certificate and new URLs, and fresh root hints.  By
+ * default it logs nothing on failure and success; it 'just works'.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "libunbound/unbound.h"
+#include "ldns/rrdef.h"
+#include <expat.h>
+#ifndef HAVE_EXPAT_H
+#error "need libexpat to parse root-anchors.xml file."
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
+#include <getopt.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_SSL_H
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_ERR_H
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL_RAND_H
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+#endif
+#include <openssl/x509.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#include <openssl/pem.h>
+
+/** name of server in URL to fetch HTTPS from */
+#define URLNAME "data.iana.org"
+/** path on HTTPS server to xml file */
+#define XMLNAME "root-anchors/root-anchors.xml"
+/** path on HTTPS server to p7s file */
+#define P7SNAME "root-anchors/root-anchors.p7s"
+/** name of the signer of the certificate */
+#define P7SIGNER "dnssec@iana.org"
+/** port number for https access */
+#define HTTPS_PORT 443
+
+#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
+/* sneakily reuse the the wsa_strerror function, on windows */
+char* wsa_strerror(int err);
+#endif
+
+/** verbosity for this application */
+static int verb = 0;
+
+/** list of IP addresses */
+struct ip_list {
+	/** next in list */
+	struct ip_list* next;
+	/** length of addr */
+	socklen_t len;
+	/** address ready to connect to */
+	struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+	/** has the address been used */
+	int used;
+};
+
+/** Give unbound-anchor usage, and exit (1). */
+static void
+usage()
+{
+	printf("Usage:	unbound-anchor [opts]\n");
+	printf("	Setup or update root anchor. "
+		"Most options have defaults.\n");
+	printf("	Run this program before you start the validator.\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("	The anchor and cert have default builtin content\n");
+	printf("	if the file does not exist or is empty.\n");
+	printf("\n");
+	printf("-a file		root key file, default %s\n", ROOT_ANCHOR_FILE);
+	printf("		The key is input and output for this tool.\n");
+	printf("-c file		cert file, default %s\n", ROOT_CERT_FILE);
+	printf("-l		list builtin key and cert on stdout\n");
+	printf("-u name		server in https url, default %s\n", URLNAME);
+	printf("-x path		pathname to xml in url, default %s\n", XMLNAME);
+	printf("-s path		pathname to p7s in url, default %s\n", P7SNAME);
+	printf("-n name		signer's subject emailAddress, default %s\n", P7SIGNER);
+	printf("-4		work using IPv4 only\n");
+	printf("-6		work using IPv6 only\n");
+	printf("-f resolv.conf	use given resolv.conf to resolve -u name\n");
+	printf("-r root.hints	use given root.hints to resolve -u name\n"
+		"		builtin root hints are used by default\n");
+	printf("-v		more verbose\n");
+	printf("-C conf		debug, read config\n");
+	printf("-P port		use port for https connect, default 443\n");
+	printf("-F 		debug, force update with cert\n");
+	printf("-h		show this usage help\n");
+	printf("Version %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
+	printf("BSD licensed, see LICENSE in source package for details.\n");
+	printf("Report bugs to %s\n", PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+/** return the built in root update certificate */
+static const char*
+get_builtin_cert(void)
+{
+	return
+/* The ICANN CA fetched at 24 Sep 2010.  Valid to 2028 */
+"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+"MIIDdzCCAl+gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBdMQ4wDAYDVQQKEwVJQ0FO\n"
+"TjEmMCQGA1UECxMdSUNBTk4gQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkxFjAUBgNV\n"
+"BAMTDUlDQU5OIFJvb3QgQ0ExCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMB4XDTA5MTIyMzA0MTkxMloX\n"
+"DTI5MTIxODA0MTkxMlowXTEOMAwGA1UEChMFSUNBTk4xJjAkBgNVBAsTHUlDQU5O\n"
+"IENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MRYwFAYDVQQDEw1JQ0FOTiBSb290IENB\n"
+"MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKDb\n"
+"cLhPNNqc1NB+u+oVvOnJESofYS9qub0/PXagmgr37pNublVThIzyLPGCJ8gPms9S\n"
+"G1TaKNIsMI7d+5IgMy3WyPEOECGIcfqEIktdR1YWfJufXcMReZwU4v/AdKzdOdfg\n"
+"ONiwc6r70duEr1IiqPbVm5T05l1e6D+HkAvHGnf1LtOPGs4CHQdpIUcy2kauAEy2\n"
+"paKcOcHASvbTHK7TbbvHGPB+7faAztABLoneErruEcumetcNfPMIjXKdv1V1E3C7\n"
+"MSJKy+jAqqQJqjZoQGB0necZgUMiUv7JK1IPQRM2CXJllcyJrm9WFxY0c1KjBO29\n"
+"iIKK69fcglKcBuFShUECAwEAAaNCMEAwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8B\n"
+"Af8EBAMCAf4wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLpS6UmDJIZSL8eZzfyNa2kITcBQMA0GCSqGSIb3\n"
+"DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAP8emCogqHny2UYFqywEuhLys7R9UKmYY4suzGO4nkbgfPFMfH\n"
+"6M+Zj6owwxlwueZt1j/IaCayoKU3QsrYYoDRolpILh+FPwx7wseUEV8ZKpWsoDoD\n"
+"2JFbLg2cfB8u/OlE4RYmcxxFSmXBg0yQ8/IoQt/bxOcEEhhiQ168H2yE5rxJMt9h\n"
+"15nu5JBSewrCkYqYYmaxyOC3WrVGfHZxVI7MpIFcGdvSb2a1uyuua8l0BKgk3ujF\n"
+"0/wsHNeP22qNyVO+XVBzrM8fk8BSUFuiT/6tZTYXRtEt5aKQZgXbKU5dUF3jT9qg\n"
+"j/Br5BZw3X/zd325TvnswzMC1+ljLzHnQGGk\n"
+"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+		;
+}
+
+/** return the built in root DS trust anchor */
+static const char*
+get_builtin_ds(void)
+{
+	return
+". IN DS 19036 8 2 49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5\n";
+}
+
+/** print hex data */
+static void
+print_data(const char* msg, const char* data, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("%s: ", msg);
+	for(i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		printf(" %2.2x", (unsigned char)data[i]);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+/** print ub context creation error and exit */
+static void
+ub_ctx_error_exit(struct ub_ctx* ctx, const char* str, const char* str2)
+{
+	ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+	if(str && str2 && verb) printf("%s: %s\n", str, str2);
+	if(verb) printf("error: could not create unbound resolver context\n");
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a new unbound context with the commandline settings applied
+ */
+static struct ub_ctx* 
+create_unbound_context(const char* res_conf, const char* root_hints,
+	const char* debugconf, int ip4only, int ip6only)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct ub_ctx* ctx = ub_ctx_create();
+	if(!ctx) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	/* do not waste time and network traffic to fetch extra nameservers */
+	r = ub_ctx_set_option(ctx, "target-fetch-policy:", "0 0 0 0 0");
+	if(r && verb) printf("ctx targetfetchpolicy: %s\n", ub_strerror(r));
+	/* read config file first, so its settings can be overridden */
+	if(debugconf) {
+		r = ub_ctx_config(ctx, debugconf);
+		if(r) ub_ctx_error_exit(ctx, debugconf, ub_strerror(r));
+	}
+	if(res_conf) {
+		r = ub_ctx_resolvconf(ctx, res_conf);
+		if(r) ub_ctx_error_exit(ctx, res_conf, ub_strerror(r));
+	}
+	if(root_hints) {
+		r = ub_ctx_set_option(ctx, "root-hints:", root_hints);
+		if(r) ub_ctx_error_exit(ctx, root_hints, ub_strerror(r));
+	}
+	if(ip4only) {
+		r = ub_ctx_set_option(ctx, "do-ip6:", "no");
+		if(r) ub_ctx_error_exit(ctx, "ip4only", ub_strerror(r));
+	}
+	if(ip6only) {
+		r = ub_ctx_set_option(ctx, "do-ip4:", "no");
+		if(r) ub_ctx_error_exit(ctx, "ip6only", ub_strerror(r));
+	}
+	return ctx;
+}
+
+/** printout certificate in detail */
+static void
+verb_cert(const char* msg, X509* x)
+{
+	if(verb == 0 || verb == 1) return;
+	if(verb == 2) {
+		if(msg) printf("%s\n", msg);
+		X509_print_ex_fp(stdout, x, 0, (unsigned long)-1
+			^(X509_FLAG_NO_SUBJECT
+			|X509_FLAG_NO_ISSUER|X509_FLAG_NO_VALIDITY));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(msg) printf("%s\n", msg);
+	X509_print_fp(stdout, x);
+}
+
+/** printout certificates in detail */
+static void
+verb_certs(const char* msg, STACK_OF(X509)* sk)
+{
+	int i, num = sk_X509_num(sk);
+	if(verb == 0 || verb == 1) return;
+	for(i=0; i<num; i++) {
+		printf("%s (%d/%d)\n", msg, i, num);
+		verb_cert(NULL, sk_X509_value(sk, i));
+	}
+}
+
+/** read certificates from a PEM bio */
+static STACK_OF(X509)*
+read_cert_bio(BIO* bio)
+{
+	STACK_OF(X509) *sk = sk_X509_new_null();
+	if(!sk) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	while(!BIO_eof(bio)) {
+		X509* x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bio, NULL, 0, NULL);
+		if(x == NULL) {
+			if(verb) {
+				printf("failed to read X509\n");
+			 	ERR_print_errors_fp(stdout);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(!sk_X509_push(sk, x)) {
+			if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+	}
+	return sk;
+}
+
+/* read the certificate file */
+static STACK_OF(X509)*
+read_cert_file(const char* file)
+{
+	STACK_OF(X509)* sk;
+	FILE* in;
+	int content = 0;
+	char buf[128];
+	if(file == NULL || strcmp(file, "") == 0) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	sk = sk_X509_new_null();
+	if(!sk) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	in = fopen(file, "r");
+	if(!in) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+#ifndef S_SPLINT_S
+		sk_X509_pop_free(sk, X509_free);
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while(!feof(in)) {
+		X509* x = PEM_read_X509(in, NULL, 0, NULL);
+		if(x == NULL) {
+			if(verb) {
+				printf("failed to read X509 file\n");
+			 	ERR_print_errors_fp(stdout);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(!sk_X509_push(sk, x)) {
+			if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+			fclose(in);
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		content = 1;
+		/* read away newline after --END CERT-- */
+		if(!fgets(buf, (int)sizeof(buf), in))
+			break;
+	}
+	fclose(in);
+	if(!content) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s is empty\n", file);
+#ifndef S_SPLINT_S
+		sk_X509_pop_free(sk, X509_free);
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return sk;
+}
+
+/** read certificates from the builtin certificate */
+static STACK_OF(X509)*
+read_builtin_cert(void)
+{
+	const char* builtin_cert = get_builtin_cert();
+	STACK_OF(X509)* sk;
+	BIO *bio = BIO_new_mem_buf((void*)builtin_cert,
+		(int)strlen(builtin_cert));
+	if(!bio) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	sk = read_cert_bio(bio);
+	if(!sk) {
+		if(verb) printf("internal error, out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	BIO_free(bio);
+	return sk;
+}
+
+/** read update cert file or use builtin */
+static STACK_OF(X509)*
+read_cert_or_builtin(const char* file)
+{
+	STACK_OF(X509) *sk = read_cert_file(file);
+	if(!sk) {
+		if(verb) printf("using builtin certificate\n");
+		sk = read_builtin_cert();
+	}
+	if(verb) printf("have %d trusted certificates\n", sk_X509_num(sk));
+	verb_certs("trusted certificates", sk);
+	return sk;
+}
+
+static void
+do_list_builtin(void)
+{
+	const char* builtin_cert = get_builtin_cert();
+	const char* builtin_ds = get_builtin_ds();
+	printf("%s\n", builtin_ds);
+	printf("%s\n", builtin_cert);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+/** printout IP address with message */
+static void
+verb_addr(const char* msg, struct ip_list* ip)
+{
+	if(verb) {
+		char out[100];
+		void* a = &((struct sockaddr_in*)&ip->addr)->sin_addr;
+		if(ip->len != (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
+			a = &((struct sockaddr_in6*)&ip->addr)->sin6_addr;
+
+		if(inet_ntop((int)((struct sockaddr_in*)&ip->addr)->sin_family,
+			a, out, (socklen_t)sizeof(out))==0)
+			printf("%s (inet_ntop error)\n", msg);
+		else printf("%s %s\n", msg, out);
+	}
+}
+
+/** free ip_list */
+static void
+ip_list_free(struct ip_list* p)
+{
+	struct ip_list* np;
+	while(p) {
+		np = p->next;
+		free(p);
+		p = np;
+	}
+}
+
+/** create ip_list entry for a RR record */
+static struct ip_list*
+RR_to_ip(int tp, char* data, int len, int port)
+{
+	struct ip_list* ip = (struct ip_list*)calloc(1, sizeof(*ip));
+	uint16_t p = (uint16_t)port;
+	if(tp == LDNS_RR_TYPE_A) {
+		struct sockaddr_in* sa = (struct sockaddr_in*)&ip->addr;
+		ip->len = (socklen_t)sizeof(*sa);
+		sa->sin_family = AF_INET;
+		sa->sin_port = (in_port_t)htons(p);
+		if(len != (int)sizeof(sa->sin_addr)) {
+			if(verb) printf("skipped badly formatted A\n");
+			free(ip);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		memmove(&sa->sin_addr, data, sizeof(sa->sin_addr));
+
+	} else if(tp == LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA) {
+		struct sockaddr_in6* sa = (struct sockaddr_in6*)&ip->addr;
+		ip->len = (socklen_t)sizeof(*sa);
+		sa->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+		sa->sin6_port = (in_port_t)htons(p);
+		if(len != (int)sizeof(sa->sin6_addr)) {
+			if(verb) printf("skipped badly formatted AAAA\n");
+			free(ip);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		memmove(&sa->sin6_addr, data, sizeof(sa->sin6_addr));
+	} else {
+		if(verb) printf("internal error: bad type in RRtoip\n");
+		free(ip);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	verb_addr("resolved server address", ip);
+	return ip;
+}
+
+/** Resolve name, type, class and add addresses to iplist */
+static void
+resolve_host_ip(struct ub_ctx* ctx, const char* host, int port, int tp, int cl,
+	struct ip_list** head)
+{
+	struct ub_result* res = NULL;
+	int r;
+	int i;
+
+	r = ub_resolve(ctx, host, tp, cl, &res);
+	if(r) {
+		if(verb) printf("error: resolve %s %s: %s\n", host,
+			(tp==LDNS_RR_TYPE_A)?"A":"AAAA", ub_strerror(r));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(!res) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if(!res->havedata || res->rcode || !res->data) {
+		if(verb) printf("resolve %s %s: no result\n", host,
+			(tp==LDNS_RR_TYPE_A)?"A":"AAAA");
+		return;
+	}
+	for(i = 0; res->data[i]; i++) {
+		struct ip_list* ip = RR_to_ip(tp, res->data[i], res->len[i],
+			port);
+		if(!ip) continue;
+		ip->next = *head;
+		*head = ip;
+	}
+	ub_resolve_free(res);
+}
+
+/** parse a text IP address into a sockaddr */
+static struct ip_list*
+parse_ip_addr(const char* str, int port)
+{
+	socklen_t len = 0;
+	union {
+		struct sockaddr_in6 a6;
+		struct sockaddr_in a;
+	} addr;
+	struct ip_list* ip;
+	uint16_t p = (uint16_t)port;
+	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+
+	if(inet_pton(AF_INET6, str, &addr.a6.sin6_addr) > 0) {
+		/* it is an IPv6 */
+		addr.a6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+		addr.a6.sin6_port = (in_port_t)htons(p);
+		len = (socklen_t)sizeof(addr.a6);
+	}
+	if(inet_pton(AF_INET, str, &addr.a.sin_addr) > 0) {
+		/* it is an IPv4 */
+		addr.a.sin_family = AF_INET;
+		addr.a.sin_port = (in_port_t)htons(p);
+		len = (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+	}
+	if(!len) return NULL;
+	ip = (struct ip_list*)calloc(1, sizeof(*ip));
+	if(!ip) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	ip->len = len;
+	memmove(&ip->addr, &addr, len);
+	if(verb) printf("server address is %s\n", str);
+	return ip;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a domain name (even though the resolver is down and there is
+ * no trust anchor).  Without DNSSEC validation.
+ * @param host: the name to resolve.
+ * 	If this name is an IP4 or IP6 address this address is returned.
+ * @param port: the port number used for the returned IP structs.
+ * @param res_conf: resolv.conf (if any).
+ * @param root_hints: root hints (if any).
+ * @param debugconf: unbound.conf for debugging options.
+ * @param ip4only: use only ip4 for resolve and only lookup A
+ * @param ip6only: use only ip6 for resolve and only lookup AAAA
+ * 	default is to lookup A and AAAA using ip4 and ip6.
+ * @return list of IP addresses.
+ */
+static struct ip_list*
+resolve_name(const char* host, int port, const char* res_conf,
+	const char* root_hints, const char* debugconf, int ip4only, int ip6only)
+{
+	struct ub_ctx* ctx;
+	struct ip_list* list = NULL;
+	/* first see if name is an IP address itself */
+	if( (list=parse_ip_addr(host, port)) ) {
+		return list;
+	}
+	
+	/* create resolver context */
+	ctx = create_unbound_context(res_conf, root_hints, debugconf,
+        	ip4only, ip6only);
+
+	/* try resolution of A */
+	if(!ip6only) {
+		resolve_host_ip(ctx, host, port, LDNS_RR_TYPE_A,
+			LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN, &list);
+	}
+
+	/* try resolution of AAAA */
+	if(!ip4only) {
+		resolve_host_ip(ctx, host, port, LDNS_RR_TYPE_AAAA,
+			LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN, &list);
+	}
+
+	ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+	if(!list) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s has no IP addresses I can use\n", host);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	return list;
+}
+
+/** clear used flags */
+static void
+wipe_ip_usage(struct ip_list* p)
+{
+	while(p) {
+		p->used = 0;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/** cound unused IPs */
+static int
+count_unused(struct ip_list* p)
+{
+	int num = 0;
+	while(p) {
+		if(!p->used) num++;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return num;
+}
+
+/** pick random unused element from IP list */
+static struct ip_list*
+pick_random_ip(struct ip_list* list)
+{
+	struct ip_list* p = list;
+	int num = count_unused(list);
+	int sel;
+	if(num == 0) return NULL;
+	/* not perfect, but random enough */
+	sel = (int)arc4random_uniform((uint32_t)num);
+	/* skip over unused elements that we did not select */
+	while(sel > 0 && p) {
+		if(!p->used) sel--;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	/* find the next unused element */
+	while(p && p->used)
+		p = p->next;
+	if(!p) return NULL; /* robustness */
+	return p;
+}
+
+/** close the fd */
+static void
+fd_close(int fd)
+{
+#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
+	close(fd);
+#else
+	closesocket(fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+/** printout socket errno */
+static void
+print_sock_err(const char* msg)
+{
+#ifndef USE_WINSOCK
+	if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", msg, strerror(errno));
+#else
+	if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", msg, wsa_strerror(WSAGetLastError()));
+#endif
+}
+
+/** connect to IP address */
+static int
+connect_to_ip(struct ip_list* ip)
+{
+	int fd;
+	verb_addr("connect to", ip);
+	fd = socket(ip->len==(socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)?
+		AF_INET:AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	if(fd == -1) {
+		print_sock_err("socket");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ip->addr, ip->len) < 0) {
+		print_sock_err("connect");
+		fd_close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/** create SSL context */
+static SSL_CTX*
+setup_sslctx(void)
+{
+	SSL_CTX* sslctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
+	if(!sslctx) {
+		if(verb) printf("SSL_CTX_new error\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return sslctx;
+}
+
+/** initiate TLS on a connection */
+static SSL*
+TLS_initiate(SSL_CTX* sslctx, int fd)
+{
+	X509* x;
+	int r;
+	SSL* ssl = SSL_new(sslctx);
+	if(!ssl) {
+		if(verb) printf("SSL_new error\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);
+	(void)SSL_set_mode(ssl, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);
+	if(!SSL_set_fd(ssl, fd)) {
+		if(verb) printf("SSL_set_fd error\n");
+		SSL_free(ssl);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while(1) {
+		ERR_clear_error();
+		if( (r=SSL_do_handshake(ssl)) == 1)
+			break;
+		r = SSL_get_error(ssl, r);
+		if(r != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ && r != SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE) {
+			if(verb) printf("SSL handshake failed\n");
+			SSL_free(ssl);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		/* wants to be called again */
+	}
+	x = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl);
+	if(!x) {
+		if(verb) printf("Server presented no peer certificate\n");
+		SSL_free(ssl);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	verb_cert("server SSL certificate", x);
+	X509_free(x);
+	return ssl;
+}
+
+/** perform neat TLS shutdown */
+static void
+TLS_shutdown(int fd, SSL* ssl, SSL_CTX* sslctx)
+{
+	/* shutdown the SSL connection nicely */
+	if(SSL_shutdown(ssl) == 0) {
+		SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+	}
+	SSL_free(ssl);
+	SSL_CTX_free(sslctx);
+	fd_close(fd);
+}
+
+/** write a line over SSL */
+static int
+write_ssl_line(SSL* ssl, const char* str, const char* sec)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	size_t l;
+	if(sec) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), str, sec);
+	} else {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", str);
+	}
+	l = strlen(buf);
+	if(l+2 >= sizeof(buf)) {
+		if(verb) printf("line too long\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(verb >= 2) printf("SSL_write: %s\n", buf);
+	buf[l] = '\r';
+	buf[l+1] = '\n';
+	buf[l+2] = 0;
+	/* add \r\n */
+	if(SSL_write(ssl, buf, (int)strlen(buf)) <= 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not SSL_write %s", str);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/** process header line, check rcode and keeping track of size */
+static int
+process_one_header(char* buf, size_t* clen, int* chunked)
+{
+	if(verb>=2) printf("header: '%s'\n", buf);
+	if(strncasecmp(buf, "HTTP/1.1 ", 9) == 0) {
+		/* check returncode */
+		if(buf[9] != '2') {
+			if(verb) printf("bad status %s\n", buf+9);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} else if(strncasecmp(buf, "Content-Length: ", 16) == 0) {
+		if(!*chunked)
+			*clen = (size_t)atoi(buf+16);
+	} else if(strncasecmp(buf, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked", 19+7) == 0) {
+		*clen = 0;
+		*chunked = 1;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/** 
+ * Read one line from SSL
+ * zero terminates.
+ * skips "\r\n" (but not copied to buf).
+ * @param ssl: the SSL connection to read from (blocking).
+ * @param buf: buffer to return line in.
+ * @param len: size of the buffer.
+ * @return 0 on error, 1 on success.
+ */
+static int
+read_ssl_line(SSL* ssl, char* buf, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t n = 0;
+	int r;
+	int endnl = 0;
+	while(1) {
+		if(n >= len) {
+			if(verb) printf("line too long\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if((r = SSL_read(ssl, buf+n, 1)) <= 0) {
+			if(SSL_get_error(ssl, r) == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN) {
+				/* EOF */
+				break;
+			}
+			if(verb) printf("could not SSL_read\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if(endnl && buf[n] == '\n') {
+			break;
+		} else if(endnl) {
+			/* bad data */
+			if(verb) printf("error: stray linefeeds\n");
+			return 0;
+		} else if(buf[n] == '\r') {
+			/* skip \r, and also \n on the wire */
+			endnl = 1;
+			continue;
+		} else if(buf[n] == '\n') {
+			/* skip the \n, we are done */
+			break;
+		} else n++;
+	}
+	buf[n] = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/** read http headers and process them */
+static size_t
+read_http_headers(SSL* ssl, size_t* clen)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	int chunked = 0;
+	*clen = 0;
+	while(read_ssl_line(ssl, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
+		if(buf[0] == 0)
+			return 1;
+		if(!process_one_header(buf, clen, &chunked))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** read a data chunk */
+static char*
+read_data_chunk(SSL* ssl, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t got = 0;
+	int r;
+	char* data = malloc(len+1);
+	if(!data) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while(got < len) {
+		if((r = SSL_read(ssl, data+got, (int)(len-got))) <= 0) {
+			if(SSL_get_error(ssl, r) == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN) {
+				/* EOF */
+				if(verb) printf("could not SSL_read: unexpected EOF\n");
+				free(data);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if(verb) printf("could not SSL_read\n");
+			free(data);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if(verb >= 2) printf("at %d/%d\n", (int)got, (int)len);
+		got += r;
+	}
+	if(verb>=2) printf("read %d data\n", (int)len);
+	data[len] = 0;
+	return data;
+}
+
+/** parse chunk header */
+static int
+parse_chunk_header(char* buf, size_t* result)
+{
+	char* e = NULL;
+	size_t v = (size_t)strtol(buf, &e, 16);
+	if(e == buf)
+		return 0;
+	*result = v;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/** read chunked data from connection */
+static BIO*
+do_chunked_read(SSL* ssl)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	size_t len;
+	char* body;
+	BIO* mem = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	if(verb>=3) printf("do_chunked_read\n");
+	if(!mem) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while(read_ssl_line(ssl, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
+		/* read the chunked start line */
+		if(verb>=2) printf("chunk header: %s\n", buf);
+		if(!parse_chunk_header(buf, &len)) {
+			BIO_free(mem);
+			if(verb>=3) printf("could not parse chunk header\n");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if(verb>=2) printf("chunk len: %d\n", (int)len);
+		/* are we done? */
+		if(len == 0) {
+			char z = 0;
+			/* skip end-of-chunk-trailer lines,
+			 * until the empty line after that */
+			do {
+				if(!read_ssl_line(ssl, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
+					BIO_free(mem);
+					return NULL;
+				}
+			} while (strlen(buf) > 0);
+			/* end of chunks, zero terminate it */
+			if(BIO_write(mem, &z, 1) <= 0) {
+				if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+				BIO_free(mem);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			return mem;
+		}
+		/* read the chunked body */
+		body = read_data_chunk(ssl, len);
+		if(!body) {
+			BIO_free(mem);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if(BIO_write(mem, body, (int)len) <= 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+			free(body);
+			BIO_free(mem);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		free(body);
+		/* skip empty line after data chunk */
+		if(!read_ssl_line(ssl, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
+			BIO_free(mem);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	BIO_free(mem);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/** start HTTP1.1 transaction on SSL */
+static int
+write_http_get(SSL* ssl, const char* pathname, const char* urlname)
+{
+	if(write_ssl_line(ssl, "GET /%s HTTP/1.1", pathname) &&
+	   write_ssl_line(ssl, "Host: %s", urlname) &&
+	   write_ssl_line(ssl, "User-Agent: unbound-anchor/%s",
+	   	PACKAGE_VERSION) &&
+	   /* We do not really do multiple queries per connection,
+	    * but this header setting is also not needed.
+	    * write_ssl_line(ssl, "Connection: close", NULL) &&*/
+	   write_ssl_line(ssl, "", NULL)) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** read chunked data and zero terminate; len is without zero */
+static char*
+read_chunked_zero_terminate(SSL* ssl, size_t* len)
+{
+	/* do the chunked version */
+	BIO* tmp = do_chunked_read(ssl);
+	char* data, *d = NULL;
+	size_t l;
+	if(!tmp) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not read from https\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	l = (size_t)BIO_get_mem_data(tmp, &d);
+	if(verb>=2) printf("chunked data is %d\n", (int)l);
+	if(l == 0 || d == NULL) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	*len = l-1;
+	data = (char*)malloc(l);
+	if(data == NULL) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	memcpy(data, d, l);
+	BIO_free(tmp);
+	return data;
+}
+
+/** read HTTP result from SSL */
+static BIO*
+read_http_result(SSL* ssl)
+{
+	size_t len = 0;
+	char* data;
+	BIO* m;
+	if(!read_http_headers(ssl, &len)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if(len == 0) {
+		data = read_chunked_zero_terminate(ssl, &len);
+	} else {
+		data = read_data_chunk(ssl, len);
+	}
+	if(!data) return NULL;
+	if(verb >= 4) print_data("read data", data, (int)len);
+	m = BIO_new_mem_buf(data, (int)len);
+	if(!m) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	return m;
+}
+
+/** https to an IP addr, return BIO with pathname or NULL */
+static BIO*
+https_to_ip(struct ip_list* ip, const char* pathname, const char* urlname)
+{
+	int fd;
+	SSL* ssl;
+	BIO* bio;
+	SSL_CTX* sslctx = setup_sslctx();
+	if(!sslctx) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	fd = connect_to_ip(ip);
+	if(fd == -1) {
+		SSL_CTX_free(sslctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	ssl = TLS_initiate(sslctx, fd);
+	if(!ssl) {
+		SSL_CTX_free(sslctx);
+		fd_close(fd);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if(!write_http_get(ssl, pathname, urlname)) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not write to server\n");
+		SSL_free(ssl);
+		SSL_CTX_free(sslctx);
+		fd_close(fd);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	bio = read_http_result(ssl);
+	TLS_shutdown(fd, ssl, sslctx);
+	return bio;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do a HTTPS, HTTP1.1 over TLS, to fetch a file
+ * @param ip_list: list of IP addresses to use to fetch from.
+ * @param pathname: pathname of file on server to GET.
+ * @param urlname: name to pass as the virtual host for this request.
+ * @return a memory BIO with the file in it.
+ */
+static BIO*
+https(struct ip_list* ip_list, const char* pathname, const char* urlname)
+{
+	struct ip_list* ip;
+	BIO* bio = NULL;
+	/* try random address first, and work through the list */
+	wipe_ip_usage(ip_list);
+	while( (ip = pick_random_ip(ip_list)) ) {
+		ip->used = 1;
+		bio = https_to_ip(ip, pathname, urlname);
+		if(bio) break;
+	}
+	if(!bio) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not fetch %s\n", pathname);
+		exit(0);
+	} else {
+		if(verb) printf("fetched %s (%d bytes)\n",
+			pathname, (int)BIO_ctrl_pending(bio));
+	}
+	return bio;
+}
+
+/** free up a downloaded file BIO */
+static void
+free_file_bio(BIO* bio)
+{
+	char* pp = NULL;
+	(void)BIO_reset(bio);
+	(void)BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &pp);
+	free(pp);
+	BIO_free(bio);
+}
+
+/** XML parse private data during the parse */
+struct xml_data {
+	/** the parser, reference */
+	XML_Parser parser;
+	/** the current tag; malloced; or NULL outside of tags */
+	char* tag;
+	/** current date to use during the parse */
+	time_t date;
+	/** number of keys usefully read in */
+	int num_keys;
+	/** the compiled anchors as DS records */
+	BIO* ds;
+
+	/** do we want to use this anchor? */
+	int use_key;
+	/** the current anchor: Zone */
+	BIO* czone;
+	/** the current anchor: KeyTag */
+	BIO* ctag;
+	/** the current anchor: Algorithm */
+	BIO* calgo;
+	/** the current anchor: DigestType */
+	BIO* cdigtype;
+	/** the current anchor: Digest*/
+	BIO* cdigest;
+};
+
+/** The BIO for the tag */
+static BIO*
+xml_selectbio(struct xml_data* data, const char* tag)
+{
+	BIO* b = NULL;
+	if(strcasecmp(tag, "KeyTag") == 0)
+		b = data->ctag;
+	else if(strcasecmp(tag, "Algorithm") == 0)
+		b = data->calgo;
+	else if(strcasecmp(tag, "DigestType") == 0)
+		b = data->cdigtype;
+	else if(strcasecmp(tag, "Digest") == 0)
+		b = data->cdigest;
+	return b;
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML handle character data, the data inside an element.
+ * @param userData: xml_data structure
+ * @param s: the character data.  May not all be in one callback.
+ * 	NOT zero terminated.
+ * @param len: length of this part of the data.
+ */
+static void
+xml_charhandle(void *userData, const XML_Char *s, int len)
+{
+	struct xml_data* data = (struct xml_data*)userData;
+	BIO* b = NULL;
+	/* skip characters outside of elements */
+	if(!data->tag)
+		return;
+	if(verb>=4) {
+		int i;
+		printf("%s%s charhandle: '",
+			data->use_key?"use ":"",
+			data->tag?data->tag:"none");
+		for(i=0; i<len; i++)
+			printf("%c", s[i]);
+		printf("'\n");
+	}
+	if(strcasecmp(data->tag, "Zone") == 0) {
+		if(BIO_write(data->czone, s, len) < 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("out of memory in BIO_write\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	/* only store if key is used */
+	if(!data->use_key)
+		return;
+	b = xml_selectbio(data, data->tag);
+	if(b) {
+		if(BIO_write(b, s, len) < 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("out of memory in BIO_write\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML fetch value of particular attribute(by name) or NULL if not present.
+ * @param atts: attribute array (from xml_startelem).
+ * @param name: name of attribute to look for.
+ * @return the value or NULL. (ptr into atts).
+ */
+static const XML_Char*
+find_att(const XML_Char **atts, const XML_Char* name)
+{
+	int i;
+	for(i=0; atts[i]; i+=2) {
+		if(strcasecmp(atts[i], name) == 0)
+			return atts[i+1];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML convert DateTime element to time_t.
+ * [-]CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm]
+ * (with optional .ssssss fractional seconds)
+ * @param str: the string
+ * @return a time_t representation or 0 on failure.
+ */
+static time_t
+xml_convertdate(const char* str)
+{
+	time_t t = 0;
+	struct tm tm;
+	const char* s;
+	/* for this application, ignore minus in front;
+	 * only positive dates are expected */
+	s = str;
+	if(s[0] == '-') s++;
+	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
+	/* parse initial content of the string (lots of whitespace allowed) */
+	s = strptime(s, "%t%Y%t-%t%m%t-%t%d%tT%t%H%t:%t%M%t:%t%S%t", &tm);
+	if(!s) {
+		if(verb) printf("xml_convertdate parse failure %s\n", str);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* parse remainder of date string */
+	if(*s == '.') {
+		/* optional '.' and fractional seconds */
+		int frac = 0, n = 0;
+		if(sscanf(s+1, "%d%n", &frac, &n) < 1) {
+			if(verb) printf("xml_convertdate f failure %s\n", str);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* fraction is not used, time_t has second accuracy */
+		s++;
+		s+=n;
+	}
+	if(*s == 'Z' || *s == 'z') {
+		/* nothing to do for this */
+		s++;
+	} else if(*s == '+' || *s == '-') {
+		/* optional timezone spec: Z or +hh:mm or -hh:mm */
+		int hr = 0, mn = 0, n = 0;
+		if(sscanf(s+1, "%d:%d%n", &hr, &mn, &n) < 2) {
+			if(verb) printf("xml_convertdate tz failure %s\n", str);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if(*s == '+') {
+			tm.tm_hour += hr;
+			tm.tm_min += mn;
+		} else {
+			tm.tm_hour -= hr;
+			tm.tm_min -= mn;
+		}
+		s++;
+		s += n;
+	}
+	if(*s != 0) {
+		/* not ended properly */
+		/* but ignore, (lenient) */
+	}
+
+	t = mktime(&tm);
+	if(t == (time_t)-1) {
+		if(verb) printf("xml_convertdate mktime failure\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return t;
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML handle the KeyDigest start tag, check validity periods.
+ */
+static void
+handle_keydigest(struct xml_data* data, const XML_Char **atts)
+{
+	data->use_key = 0;
+	if(find_att(atts, "validFrom")) {
+		time_t from = xml_convertdate(find_att(atts, "validFrom"));
+		if(from == 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("error: xml cannot be parsed\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		if(data->date < from)
+			return;
+	}
+	if(find_att(atts, "validUntil")) {
+		time_t until = xml_convertdate(find_att(atts, "validUntil"));
+		if(until == 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("error: xml cannot be parsed\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		if(data->date > until)
+			return;
+	}
+	/* yes we want to use this key */
+	data->use_key = 1;
+	(void)BIO_reset(data->ctag);
+	(void)BIO_reset(data->calgo);
+	(void)BIO_reset(data->cdigtype);
+	(void)BIO_reset(data->cdigest);
+}
+
+/** See if XML element equals the zone name */
+static int
+xml_is_zone_name(BIO* zone, const char* name)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	char* z = NULL;
+	long zlen;
+	(void)BIO_seek(zone, 0);
+	zlen = BIO_get_mem_data(zone, &z);
+	if(!zlen || !z) return 0;
+	/* zero terminate */
+	if(zlen >= (long)sizeof(buf)) return 0;
+	memmove(buf, z, (size_t)zlen);
+	buf[zlen] = 0;
+	/* compare */
+	return (strncasecmp(buf, name, strlen(name)) == 0);
+}
+
+/** 
+ * XML start of element. This callback is called whenever an XML tag starts.
+ * XML_Char is UTF8.
+ * @param userData: the xml_data structure.
+ * @param name: the tag that starts.
+ * @param atts: array of strings, pairs of attr = value, ends with NULL.
+ * 	i.e. att[0]="att[1]" att[2]="att[3]" att[4]isNull
+ */
+static void
+xml_startelem(void *userData, const XML_Char *name, const XML_Char **atts)
+{
+	struct xml_data* data = (struct xml_data*)userData;
+	BIO* b;
+	if(verb>=4) printf("xml tag start '%s'\n", name);
+	free(data->tag);
+	data->tag = strdup(name);
+	if(!data->tag) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if(verb>=4) {
+		int i;
+		for(i=0; atts[i]; i+=2) {
+			printf("  %s='%s'\n", atts[i], atts[i+1]);
+		}
+	}
+	/* handle attributes to particular types */
+	if(strcasecmp(name, "KeyDigest") == 0) {
+		handle_keydigest(data, atts);
+		return;
+	} else if(strcasecmp(name, "Zone") == 0) {
+		(void)BIO_reset(data->czone);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* for other types we prepare to pick up the data */
+	if(!data->use_key)
+		return;
+	b = xml_selectbio(data, data->tag);
+	if(b) {
+		/* empty it */
+		(void)BIO_reset(b);
+	}
+}
+
+/** Append str to bio */
+static void
+xml_append_str(BIO* b, const char* s)
+{
+	if(BIO_write(b, s, (int)strlen(s)) < 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory in BIO_write\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+/** Append bio to bio */
+static void
+xml_append_bio(BIO* b, BIO* a)
+{
+	char* z = NULL;
+	long i, len;
+	(void)BIO_seek(a, 0);
+	len = BIO_get_mem_data(a, &z);
+	if(!len || !z) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory in BIO_write\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	/* remove newlines in the data here */
+	for(i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		if(z[i] == '\r' || z[i] == '\n')
+			z[i] = ' ';
+	}
+	/* write to BIO */
+	if(BIO_write(b, z, len) < 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory in BIO_write\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+/** write the parsed xml-DS to the DS list */
+static void
+xml_append_ds(struct xml_data* data)
+{
+	/* write DS to accumulated DS */
+	xml_append_str(data->ds, ". IN DS ");
+	xml_append_bio(data->ds, data->ctag);
+	xml_append_str(data->ds, " ");
+	xml_append_bio(data->ds, data->calgo);
+	xml_append_str(data->ds, " ");
+	xml_append_bio(data->ds, data->cdigtype);
+	xml_append_str(data->ds, " ");
+	xml_append_bio(data->ds, data->cdigest);
+	xml_append_str(data->ds, "\n");
+	data->num_keys++;
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML end of element. This callback is called whenever an XML tag ends.
+ * XML_Char is UTF8.
+ * @param userData: the xml_data structure
+ * @param name: the tag that ends.
+ */
+static void
+xml_endelem(void *userData, const XML_Char *name)
+{
+	struct xml_data* data = (struct xml_data*)userData;
+	if(verb>=4) printf("xml tag end   '%s'\n", name);
+	free(data->tag);
+	data->tag = NULL;
+	if(strcasecmp(name, "KeyDigest") == 0) {
+		if(data->use_key)
+			xml_append_ds(data);
+		data->use_key = 0;
+	} else if(strcasecmp(name, "Zone") == 0) {
+		if(!xml_is_zone_name(data->czone, ".")) {
+			if(verb) printf("xml not for the right zone\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Stop the parser when an entity declaration is encountered. For safety. */
+static void
+xml_entitydeclhandler(void *userData,
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(entityName),
+	int ATTR_UNUSED(is_parameter_entity),
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(value), int ATTR_UNUSED(value_length),
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(base),
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(systemId),
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(publicId),
+	const XML_Char *ATTR_UNUSED(notationName))
+{
+	(void)XML_StopParser((XML_Parser)userData, XML_FALSE);
+}
+
+/**
+ * XML parser setup of the callbacks for the tags
+ */
+static void
+xml_parse_setup(XML_Parser parser, struct xml_data* data, time_t now)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));
+	XML_SetUserData(parser, data);
+	data->parser = parser;
+	data->date = now;
+	data->ds = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	data->ctag = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	data->czone = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	data->calgo = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	data->cdigtype = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	data->cdigest = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+	if(!data->ds || !data->ctag || !data->calgo || !data->czone ||
+		!data->cdigtype || !data->cdigest) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "; created by unbound-anchor on %s",
+		ctime(&now));
+	if(BIO_write(data->ds, buf, (int)strlen(buf)) < 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	XML_SetEntityDeclHandler(parser, xml_entitydeclhandler);
+	XML_SetElementHandler(parser, xml_startelem, xml_endelem);
+	XML_SetCharacterDataHandler(parser, xml_charhandle);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Perform XML parsing of the root-anchors file
+ * Its format description can be read here
+ * https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/draft-icann-dnssec-trust-anchor.txt
+ * It uses libexpat.
+ * @param xml: BIO with xml data.
+ * @param now: the current time for checking DS validity periods.
+ * @return memoryBIO with the DS data in zone format.
+ * 	or NULL if the zone is insecure.
+ * 	(It exit()s on error)
+ */
+static BIO*
+xml_parse(BIO* xml, time_t now)
+{
+	char* pp;
+	int len;
+	XML_Parser parser;
+	struct xml_data data;
+
+	parser = XML_ParserCreate(NULL);
+	if(!parser) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not XML_ParserCreate\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/* setup callbacks */
+	xml_parse_setup(parser, &data, now);
+
+	/* parse it */
+	(void)BIO_reset(xml);
+	len = (int)BIO_get_mem_data(xml, &pp);
+	if(!len || !pp) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if(!XML_Parse(parser, pp, len, 1 /*isfinal*/ )) {
+		const char *e = XML_ErrorString(XML_GetErrorCode(parser));
+		if(verb) printf("XML_Parse failure %s\n", e?e:"");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/* parsed */
+	if(verb) printf("XML was parsed successfully, %d keys\n",
+			data.num_keys);
+	free(data.tag);
+	XML_ParserFree(parser);
+
+	if(verb >= 4) {
+		(void)BIO_seek(data.ds, 0);
+		len = BIO_get_mem_data(data.ds, &pp);
+		printf("got DS bio %d: '", len);
+		if(!fwrite(pp, (size_t)len, 1, stdout))
+			/* compilers do not allow us to ignore fwrite .. */
+			fprintf(stderr, "error writing to stdout\n");
+		printf("'\n");
+	}
+	BIO_free(data.czone);
+	BIO_free(data.ctag);
+	BIO_free(data.calgo);
+	BIO_free(data.cdigtype);
+	BIO_free(data.cdigest);
+
+	if(data.num_keys == 0) {
+		/* the root zone seems to have gone insecure */
+		BIO_free(data.ds);
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		return data.ds;
+	}
+}
+
+/* get key usage out of its extension, returns 0 if no key_usage extension */
+static unsigned long
+get_usage_of_ex(X509* cert)
+{
+	unsigned long val = 0;
+	ASN1_BIT_STRING* s;
+	if((s=X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_key_usage, NULL, NULL))) {
+		if(s->length > 0) {
+			val = s->data[0];
+			if(s->length > 1)
+				val |= s->data[1] << 8;
+		}
+		ASN1_BIT_STRING_free(s);
+	}
+	return val;
+}
+
+/** get valid signers from the list of signers in the signature */
+static STACK_OF(X509)*
+get_valid_signers(PKCS7* p7, const char* p7signer)
+{
+	int i;
+	STACK_OF(X509)* validsigners = sk_X509_new_null();
+	STACK_OF(X509)* signers = PKCS7_get0_signers(p7, NULL, 0);
+	unsigned long usage = 0;
+	if(!validsigners) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		sk_X509_free(signers);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if(!signers) {
+		if(verb) printf("no signers in pkcs7 signature\n");
+		sk_X509_free(validsigners);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	for(i=0; i<sk_X509_num(signers); i++) {
+		X509_NAME* nm = X509_get_subject_name(
+			sk_X509_value(signers, i));
+		char buf[1024];
+		if(!nm) {
+			if(verb) printf("signer %d: cert has no subject name\n", i);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(verb && nm) {
+			char* nmline = X509_NAME_oneline(nm, buf,
+				(int)sizeof(buf));
+			printf("signer %d: Subject: %s\n", i,
+				nmline?nmline:"no subject");
+			if(verb >= 3 && X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
+				NID_commonName, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)))
+				printf("commonName: %s\n", buf);
+			if(verb >= 3 && X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
+				NID_pkcs9_emailAddress, buf, (int)sizeof(buf)))
+				printf("emailAddress: %s\n", buf);
+		}
+		if(verb) {
+			int ku_loc = X509_get_ext_by_NID(
+				sk_X509_value(signers, i), NID_key_usage, -1);
+			if(verb >= 3 && ku_loc >= 0) {
+				X509_EXTENSION *ex = X509_get_ext(
+					sk_X509_value(signers, i), ku_loc);
+				if(ex) {
+					printf("keyUsage: ");
+					X509V3_EXT_print_fp(stdout, ex, 0, 0);
+					printf("\n");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if(!p7signer || strcmp(p7signer, "")==0) {
+			/* there is no name to check, return all records */
+			if(verb) printf("did not check commonName of signer\n");
+		} else {
+			if(!X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(nm,
+				NID_pkcs9_emailAddress,
+				buf, (int)sizeof(buf))) {
+				if(verb) printf("removed cert with no name\n");
+				continue; /* no name, no use */
+			}
+			if(strcmp(buf, p7signer) != 0) {
+				if(verb) printf("removed cert with wrong name\n");
+				continue; /* wrong name, skip it */
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* check that the key usage allows digital signatures
+		 * (the p7s) */
+		usage = get_usage_of_ex(sk_X509_value(signers, i));
+		if(!(usage & KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE)) {
+			if(verb) printf("removed cert with no key usage Digital Signature allowed\n");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* we like this cert, add it to our list of valid
+		 * signers certificates */
+		sk_X509_push(validsigners, sk_X509_value(signers, i));
+	}
+	sk_X509_free(signers);
+	return validsigners;
+}
+
+/** verify a PKCS7 signature, false on failure */
+static int
+verify_p7sig(BIO* data, BIO* p7s, STACK_OF(X509)* trust, const char* p7signer)
+{
+	PKCS7* p7;
+	X509_STORE *store = X509_STORE_new();
+	STACK_OF(X509)* validsigners;
+	int secure = 0;
+	int i;
+#ifdef X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE
+	X509_VERIFY_PARAM* param = X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new();
+	if(!param) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		X509_STORE_free(store);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* do the selfcheck on the root certificate; it checks that the
+	 * input is valid */
+	X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(param, X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE);
+	if(store) X509_STORE_set1_param(store, param);
+#endif
+	if(!store) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+#ifdef X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE
+		X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free(param);
+#endif
+		return 0;
+	}
+#ifdef X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE
+	X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free(param);
+#endif
+
+	(void)BIO_reset(p7s);
+	(void)BIO_reset(data);
+
+	/* convert p7s to p7 (the signature) */
+	p7 = d2i_PKCS7_bio(p7s, NULL);
+	if(!p7) {
+		if(verb) printf("could not parse p7s signature file\n");
+		X509_STORE_free(store);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(verb >= 2) printf("parsed the PKCS7 signature\n");
+
+	/* convert trust to trusted certificate store */
+	for(i=0; i<sk_X509_num(trust); i++) {
+		if(!X509_STORE_add_cert(store, sk_X509_value(trust, i))) {
+			if(verb) printf("failed X509_STORE_add_cert\n");
+			X509_STORE_free(store);
+			PKCS7_free(p7);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if(verb >= 2) printf("setup the X509_STORE\n");
+
+	/* check what is in the Subject name of the certificates,
+	 * and build a stack that contains only the right certificates */
+	validsigners = get_valid_signers(p7, p7signer);
+	if(!validsigners) {
+			X509_STORE_free(store);
+			PKCS7_free(p7);
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if(PKCS7_verify(p7, validsigners, store, data, NULL, PKCS7_NOINTERN) == 1) {
+		secure = 1;
+		if(verb) printf("the PKCS7 signature verified\n");
+	} else {
+		if(verb) {
+			ERR_print_errors_fp(stdout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	sk_X509_free(validsigners);
+	X509_STORE_free(store);
+	PKCS7_free(p7);
+	return secure;
+}
+
+/** write unsigned root anchor file, a 5011 revoked tp */
+static void
+write_unsigned_root(const char* root_anchor_file)
+{
+	FILE* out;
+	time_t now = time(NULL);
+	out = fopen(root_anchor_file, "w");
+	if(!out) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", root_anchor_file, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(fprintf(out, "; autotrust trust anchor file\n"
+		";;REVOKED\n"
+		";;id: . 1\n"
+		"; This file was written by unbound-anchor on %s"
+		"; It indicates that the root does not use DNSSEC\n"
+		"; to restart DNSSEC overwrite this file with a\n"
+		"; valid trustanchor or (empty-it and run unbound-anchor)\n"
+		, ctime(&now)) < 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("failed to write 'unsigned' to %s\n",
+			root_anchor_file);
+		if(verb && errno != 0) printf("%s\n", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+}
+
+/** write root anchor file */
+static void
+write_root_anchor(const char* root_anchor_file, BIO* ds)
+{
+	char* pp = NULL;
+	int len;
+	FILE* out;
+	(void)BIO_seek(ds, 0);
+	len = BIO_get_mem_data(ds, &pp);
+	if(!len || !pp) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	out = fopen(root_anchor_file, "w");
+	if(!out) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", root_anchor_file, strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if(fwrite(pp, (size_t)len, 1, out) != 1) {
+		if(verb) printf("failed to write all data to %s\n",
+			root_anchor_file);
+		if(verb && errno != 0) printf("%s\n", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+}
+
+/** Perform the verification and update of the trustanchor file */
+static void
+verify_and_update_anchor(const char* root_anchor_file, BIO* xml, BIO* p7s,
+	STACK_OF(X509)* cert, const char* p7signer)
+{
+	BIO* ds;
+
+	/* verify xml file */
+	if(!verify_p7sig(xml, p7s, cert, p7signer)) {
+		printf("the PKCS7 signature failed\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/* parse the xml file into DS records */
+	ds = xml_parse(xml, time(NULL));
+	if(!ds) {
+		/* the root zone is unsigned now */
+		write_unsigned_root(root_anchor_file);
+	} else {
+		/* reinstate 5011 tracking */
+		write_root_anchor(root_anchor_file, ds);
+	}
+	BIO_free(ds);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
+static void do_wsa_cleanup(void) { WSACleanup(); }
+#endif
+
+/** perform actual certupdate work */
+static int
+do_certupdate(const char* root_anchor_file, const char* root_cert_file,
+	const char* urlname, const char* xmlname, const char* p7sname,
+	const char* p7signer, const char* res_conf, const char* root_hints,
+	const char* debugconf, int ip4only, int ip6only, int port,
+	struct ub_result* dnskey)
+{
+	STACK_OF(X509)* cert;
+	BIO *xml, *p7s;
+	struct ip_list* ip_list = NULL;
+
+	/* read pem file or provide builtin */
+	cert = read_cert_or_builtin(root_cert_file);
+
+	/* lookup A, AAAA for the urlname (or parse urlname if IP address) */
+	ip_list = resolve_name(urlname, port, res_conf, root_hints, debugconf,
+		ip4only, ip6only);
+
+#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
+	if(1) { /* libunbound finished, startup WSA for the https connection */
+		WSADATA wsa_data;
+		int r;
+		if((r = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa_data)) != 0) {
+			if(verb) printf("WSAStartup failed: %s\n",
+				wsa_strerror(r));
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		atexit(&do_wsa_cleanup);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* fetch the necessary files over HTTPS */
+	xml = https(ip_list, xmlname, urlname);
+	p7s = https(ip_list, p7sname, urlname);
+
+	/* verify and update the root anchor */
+	verify_and_update_anchor(root_anchor_file, xml, p7s, cert, p7signer);
+	if(verb) printf("success: the anchor has been updated "
+			"using the cert\n");
+
+	free_file_bio(xml);
+	free_file_bio(p7s);
+#ifndef S_SPLINT_S
+	sk_X509_pop_free(cert, X509_free);
+#endif
+	ub_resolve_free(dnskey);
+	ip_list_free(ip_list);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to read the root RFC5011 autotrust anchor file,
+ * @param file: filename.
+ * @return:
+ * 	0 if does not exist or empty
+ * 	1 if trust-point-revoked-5011
+ * 	2 if it is OK.
+ */
+static int
+try_read_anchor(const char* file)
+{
+	int empty = 1;
+	char line[10240];
+	char* p;
+	FILE* in = fopen(file, "r");
+	if(!in) {
+		/* only if the file does not exist, can we fix it */
+		if(errno != ENOENT) {
+			if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+			if(verb) printf("error: cannot access the file\n");
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		if(verb) printf("%s does not exist\n", file);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	while(fgets(line, (int)sizeof(line), in)) {
+		line[sizeof(line)-1] = 0;
+		if(strncmp(line, ";;REVOKED", 9) == 0) {
+			fclose(in);
+			if(verb) printf("%s : the trust point is revoked\n"
+				"and the zone is considered unsigned.\n"
+				"if you wish to re-enable, delete the file\n",
+				file);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		p=line;
+		while(*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
+			p++;
+		if(p[0]==0 || p[0]=='\n' || p[0]==';') continue;
+		/* this line is a line of content */
+		empty = 0;
+	}
+	fclose(in);
+	if(empty) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s is empty\n", file);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(verb) printf("%s has content\n", file);
+	return 2;
+}
+
+/** Write the builtin root anchor to a file */
+static void
+write_builtin_anchor(const char* file)
+{
+	const char* builtin_root_anchor = get_builtin_ds();
+	FILE* out = fopen(file, "w");
+	if(!out) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+		if(verb) printf("  could not write builtin anchor\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	if(!fwrite(builtin_root_anchor, strlen(builtin_root_anchor), 1, out)) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+		if(verb) printf("  could not complete write builtin anchor\n");
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+}
+
+/** 
+ * Check the root anchor file.
+ * If does not exist, provide builtin and write file.
+ * If empty, provide builtin and write file.
+ * If trust-point-revoked-5011 file: make the program exit.
+ * @param root_anchor_file: filename of the root anchor.
+ * @param used_builtin: set to 1 if the builtin is written.
+ * @return 0 if trustpoint is insecure, 1 on success.  Exit on failure.
+ */
+static int
+provide_builtin(const char* root_anchor_file, int* used_builtin)
+{
+	/* try to read it */
+	switch(try_read_anchor(root_anchor_file))
+	{
+		case 0: /* no exist or empty */
+			write_builtin_anchor(root_anchor_file);
+			*used_builtin = 1;
+			break;
+		case 1: /* revoked tp */
+			return 0;	
+		case 2: /* it is fine */
+		default:
+			break;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * add an autotrust anchor for the root to the context
+ */
+static void
+add_5011_probe_root(struct ub_ctx* ctx, const char* root_anchor_file)
+{
+	int r;
+	r = ub_ctx_set_option(ctx, "auto-trust-anchor-file:", root_anchor_file);
+	if(r) {
+		if(verb) printf("add 5011 probe to ctx: %s\n", ub_strerror(r));
+		ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prime the root key and return the result.  Exit on error.
+ * @param ctx: the unbound context to perform the priming with.
+ * @return: the result of the prime, on error it exit()s.
+ */
+static struct ub_result*
+prime_root_key(struct ub_ctx* ctx)
+{
+	struct ub_result* res = NULL;
+	int r;
+	r = ub_resolve(ctx, ".", LDNS_RR_TYPE_DNSKEY, LDNS_RR_CLASS_IN, &res);
+	if(r) {
+		if(verb) printf("resolve DNSKEY: %s\n", ub_strerror(r));
+		ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	if(!res) {
+		if(verb) printf("out of memory\n");
+		ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
+/** see if ADDPEND keys exist in autotrust file (if possible) */
+static int
+read_if_pending_keys(const char* file)
+{
+	FILE* in = fopen(file, "r");
+	char line[8192];
+	if(!in) {
+		if(verb>=2) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	while(fgets(line, (int)sizeof(line), in)) {
+		if(line[0]==';') continue;
+		if(strstr(line, "[ ADDPEND ]")) {
+			fclose(in);
+			if(verb) printf("RFC5011-state has ADDPEND keys\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(in);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** read last successful probe time from autotrust file (if possible) */
+static int32_t
+read_last_success_time(const char* file)
+{
+	FILE* in = fopen(file, "r");
+	char line[1024];
+	if(!in) {
+		if(verb) printf("%s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	while(fgets(line, (int)sizeof(line), in)) {
+		if(strncmp(line, ";;last_success: ", 16) == 0) {
+			char* e;
+			time_t x = (unsigned int)strtol(line+16, &e, 10);
+			fclose(in);
+			if(line+16 == e) {
+				if(verb) printf("failed to parse "
+					"last_success probe time\n");
+				return 0;
+			}
+			if(verb) printf("last successful probe: %s", ctime(&x));
+			return (int32_t)x;
+		}
+	}
+	fclose(in);
+	if(verb) printf("no last_success probe time in anchor file\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read autotrust 5011 probe file and see if the date
+ * compared to the current date allows a certupdate.
+ * If the last successful probe was recent then 5011 cannot be behind,
+ * and the failure cannot be solved with a certupdate.
+ * The debugconf is to validation-override the date for testing.
+ * @param root_anchor_file: filename of root key
+ * @return true if certupdate is ok.
+ */
+static int
+probe_date_allows_certupdate(const char* root_anchor_file)
+{
+	int has_pending_keys = read_if_pending_keys(root_anchor_file);
+	int32_t last_success = read_last_success_time(root_anchor_file);
+	int32_t now = (int32_t)time(NULL);
+	int32_t leeway = 30 * 24 * 3600; /* 30 days leeway */
+	/* if the date is before 2010-07-15:00.00.00 then the root has not
+	 * been signed yet, and thus we refuse to take action. */
+	if(time(NULL) < xml_convertdate("2010-07-15T00:00:00")) {
+		if(verb) printf("the date is before the root was first signed,"
+			" please correct the clock\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(last_success == 0)
+		return 1; /* no probe time */
+	if(has_pending_keys)
+		return 1; /* key in ADDPEND state, a previous probe has
+		inserted that, and it was present in all recent probes,
+		but it has not become active.  The 30 day timer may not have
+		expired, but we know(for sure) there is a rollover going on.
+		If we only managed to pickup the new key on its last day
+		of announcement (for example) this can happen. */
+	if(now - last_success < 0) {
+		if(verb) printf("the last successful probe is in the future,"
+			" clock was modified\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if(now - last_success >= leeway) {
+		if(verb) printf("the last successful probe was more than 30 "
+			"days ago\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if(verb) printf("the last successful probe is recent\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** perform the unbound-anchor work */
+static int
+do_root_update_work(const char* root_anchor_file, const char* root_cert_file,
+	const char* urlname, const char* xmlname, const char* p7sname,
+	const char* p7signer, const char* res_conf, const char* root_hints,
+	const char* debugconf, int ip4only, int ip6only, int force, int port)
+{
+	struct ub_ctx* ctx;
+	struct ub_result* dnskey;
+	int used_builtin = 0;
+
+	/* see if builtin rootanchor needs to be provided, or if
+	 * rootanchor is 'revoked-trust-point' */
+	if(!provide_builtin(root_anchor_file, &used_builtin))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* make unbound context with 5011-probe for root anchor,
+	 * and probe . DNSKEY */
+	ctx = create_unbound_context(res_conf, root_hints, debugconf,
+		ip4only, ip6only);
+	add_5011_probe_root(ctx, root_anchor_file);
+	dnskey = prime_root_key(ctx);
+	ub_ctx_delete(ctx);
+	
+	/* if secure: exit */
+	if(dnskey->secure && !force) {
+		if(verb) printf("success: the anchor is ok\n");
+		ub_resolve_free(dnskey);
+		return used_builtin;
+	}
+	if(force && verb) printf("debug cert update forced\n");
+
+	/* if not (and NOERROR): check date and do certupdate */
+	if((dnskey->rcode == 0 &&
+		probe_date_allows_certupdate(root_anchor_file)) || force) {
+		if(do_certupdate(root_anchor_file, root_cert_file, urlname,
+			xmlname, p7sname, p7signer, res_conf, root_hints,
+			debugconf, ip4only, ip6only, port, dnskey))
+			return 1;
+		return used_builtin;
+	}
+	if(verb) printf("fail: the anchor is NOT ok and could not be fixed\n");
+	ub_resolve_free(dnskey);
+	return used_builtin;
+}
+
+/** getopt global, in case header files fail to declare it. */
+extern int optind;
+/** getopt global, in case header files fail to declare it. */
+extern char* optarg;
+
+/** Main routine for unbound-anchor */
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+	int c;
+	const char* root_anchor_file = ROOT_ANCHOR_FILE;
+	const char* root_cert_file = ROOT_CERT_FILE;
+	const char* urlname = URLNAME;
+	const char* xmlname = XMLNAME;
+	const char* p7sname = P7SNAME;
+	const char* p7signer = P7SIGNER;
+	const char* res_conf = NULL;
+	const char* root_hints = NULL;
+	const char* debugconf = NULL;
+	int dolist=0, ip4only=0, ip6only=0, force=0, port = HTTPS_PORT;
+	/* parse the options */
+	while( (c=getopt(argc, argv, "46C:FP:a:c:f:hln:r:s:u:vx:")) != -1) {
+		switch(c) {
+		case 'l':
+			dolist = 1;
+			break;
+		case '4':
+			ip4only = 1;
+			break;
+		case '6':
+			ip6only = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'a':
+			root_anchor_file = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			root_cert_file = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'u':
+			urlname = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			xmlname = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			p7sname = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			p7signer = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			res_conf = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			root_hints = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'C':
+			debugconf = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			force = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'P':
+			port = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verb++;
+			break;
+		case '?':
+		case 'h':
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+	if(argc != 0)
+		usage();
+
+	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
+	ERR_load_SSL_strings();
+	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
+	(void)SSL_library_init();
+
+	if(dolist) do_list_builtin();
+
+	return do_root_update_work(root_anchor_file, root_cert_file, urlname,
+		xmlname, p7sname, p7signer, res_conf, root_hints, debugconf,
+		ip4only, ip6only, force, port);
+}