Merge remote-tracking branch 'monero-official/master' into network-1.6-work1

98 files changed, 9502 insertions, 2467 deletions

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 84a48c116..5c6330162 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -238,12 +238,18 @@ if (${BOOST_IGNORE_SYSTEM_PATHS} STREQUAL "ON")
   set(Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS TRUE)
 endif()
 
+set(OLD_LIB_SUFFIXES ${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES})
 if(STATIC)
+  if(MINGW)
+    set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES .a)
+  endif()
+
   set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
   set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME ON)
 endif()
 find_package(Boost 1.53 QUIET REQUIRED COMPONENTS system filesystem thread date_time chrono regex serialization program_options)
 
+set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES ${OLD_LIB_SUFFIXES})
 if(NOT Boost_FOUND)
   die("Could not find Boost libraries, please make sure you have installed Boost or libboost-all-dev (1.53 or 1.55+) or the equivalent")
 endif()
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 295d05881..31af2de95 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
 
 ## Development Resources
 
-Web: [monero.cc](http://monero.cc)  
-Mail: [dev@monero.cc](mailto:dev@monero.cc)  
+Web: [getmonero.org](https://getmonero.org)  
+Forum: [forum.getmonero.org](https://forum.getmonero.org)  
+Mail: [dev@getmonero.org](mailto:dev@getmonero.org)  
 Github (staging): [https://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero](https://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero)  
 Github (development): [http://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero/tree/development](http://github.com/monero-project/bitmonero/tree/development)  
 IRC: [#monero-dev on Freenode](irc://chat.freenode.net/#monero-dev)
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ Anyone is able to contribute to Monero. If you have a fix or code change, feel f
 
 Monero development can be supported directly through donations.
 
-Both Monero and Bitcoin donations can be made to donate.monero.cc if using a client that supports the [OpenAlias](https://openalias.org) standard
+Both Monero and Bitcoin donations can be made to donate.getmonero.org if using a client that supports the [OpenAlias](https://openalias.org) standard
 
 The Monero donation address is: 46BeWrHpwXmHDpDEUmZBWZfoQpdc6HaERCNmx1pEYL2rAcuwufPN9rXHHtyUA4QVy66qeFQkn6sfK8aHYjA3jk3o1Bv16em (viewkey: e422831985c9205238ef84daf6805526c14d96fd7b059fe68c7ab98e495e5703)
 
diff --git a/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h b/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
index ab3cf67c6..fc8cc3841 100644
--- a/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
+++ b/contrib/epee/include/console_handler.h
@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
 #include <atomic>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
+#include <iostream>
 
 namespace epee
 {
@@ -267,17 +269,19 @@ namespace epee
         string_tools::trim(command);
 
         LOG_PRINT_L2("Read command: " << command);
-        if(0 == command.compare("exit") || 0 == command.compare("q"))
-        {
-          continue_handle = false;
-        }else if (command.empty())
+        if (command.empty())
         {
           continue;
         }
         else if(cmd_handler(command))
         {
           continue;
-        } else
+        }
+        else if(0 == command.compare("exit") || 0 == command.compare("q"))
+        {
+          continue_handle = false;
+        }
+        else
         {
           std::cout << "unknown command: " << command << std::endl;
           std::cout << usage;
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ namespace epee
 
   private:
     async_stdin_reader m_stdin_reader;
-    bool m_running = true;
+    std::atomic<bool> m_running = {true};
   };
 
 
@@ -350,17 +354,11 @@ namespace epee
     return true;
   }*/
 
-  /************************************************************************/
-  /*                                                                      */
-  /************************************************************************/
-  class console_handlers_binder
-  {
-    typedef boost::function<bool (const std::vector<std::string> &)> console_command_handler;
-    typedef std::map<std::string, std::pair<console_command_handler, std::string> > command_handlers_map;
-    std::unique_ptr<boost::thread> m_console_thread;
-    command_handlers_map m_command_handlers;
-    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  class command_handler {
   public:
+    typedef boost::function<bool (const std::vector<std::string> &)> callback;
+    typedef std::map<std::string, std::pair<callback, std::string> > lookup;
+
     std::string get_usage()
     {
       std::stringstream ss;
@@ -376,12 +374,14 @@ namespace epee
       }
       return ss.str();
     }
-    void set_handler(const std::string& cmd, const console_command_handler& hndlr, const std::string& usage = "")
+
+    void set_handler(const std::string& cmd, const callback& hndlr, const std::string& usage = "")
     {
-      command_handlers_map::mapped_type & vt = m_command_handlers[cmd];
+      lookup::mapped_type & vt = m_command_handlers[cmd];
       vt.first = hndlr;
       vt.second = usage;
     }
+
     bool process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd)
     {
       if(!cmd.size())
@@ -399,14 +399,20 @@ namespace epee
       boost::split(cmd_v,cmd,boost::is_any_of(" "), boost::token_compress_on);
       return process_command_vec(cmd_v);
     }
+  private:
+    lookup m_command_handlers;
+  };
 
-    /*template<class t_srv>
-    bool start_handling(t_srv& srv, const std::string& usage_string = "")
-    {
-      start_default_console_handler_no_srv_param(&srv, boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1));
-      return true;
-    }*/
-
+  /************************************************************************/
+  /*                                                                      */
+  /************************************************************************/
+  class console_handlers_binder : public command_handler
+  {
+    typedef command_handler::callback console_command_handler;
+    typedef command_handler::lookup command_handlers_map;
+    std::unique_ptr<boost::thread> m_console_thread;
+    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  public:
     bool start_handling(const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
     {
       m_console_thread.reset(new boost::thread(boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::run_handling, this, prompt, usage_string)));
@@ -423,40 +429,33 @@ namespace epee
     {
       return m_console_handler.run(boost::bind(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1), prompt, usage_string);
     }
-
-    /*template<class t_srv>
-    bool run_handling(t_srv& srv, const std::string& usage_string)
-    {
-      return run_default_console_handler_no_srv_param(&srv, boost::bind<bool>(&console_handlers_binder::process_command_str, this, _1), usage_string);
-    }*/
   };
 
-  /* work around because of broken boost bind */
-  template<class t_server>
-  class srv_console_handlers_binder: public console_handlers_binder
-  {
-    bool process_command_str(t_server* /*psrv*/, const std::string& cmd)
-    {
-      return console_handlers_binder::process_command_str(cmd);
-    }
-  public:
-    bool start_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
-    {
-      boost::thread(boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::run_handling, this, psrv, prompt, usage_string)).detach();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    bool run_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string)
-    {
-      return m_console_handler.run(psrv, boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::process_command_str, this, _1, _2), prompt, usage_string);
-    }
-
-    void stop_handling()
-    {
-      m_console_handler.stop();
-    }
-
-  private:
-    async_console_handler m_console_handler;
-  };
+  ///* work around because of broken boost bind */
+  //template<class t_server>
+  //class srv_console_handlers_binder: public command_handler
+  //{
+  //  async_console_handler m_console_handler;
+  //public:
+  //  bool start_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string = "")
+  //  {
+  //    boost::thread(boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::run_handling, this, psrv, prompt, usage_string)).detach();
+  //    return true;
+  //  }
+
+  //  bool run_handling(t_server* psrv, const std::string& prompt, const std::string& usage_string)
+  //  {
+  //    return m_console_handler.run(psrv, boost::bind(&srv_console_handlers_binder<t_server>::process_command_str, this, _1, _2), prompt, usage_string);
+  //  }
+
+  //  void stop_handling()
+  //  {
+  //    m_console_handler.stop();
+  //  }
+  //private:
+  //  bool process_command_str(t_server* /*psrv*/, const std::string& cmd)
+  //  {
+  //    return console_handlers_binder::process_command_str(cmd);
+  //  }
+  //};
 }
diff --git a/contrib/epee/include/net/http_server_handlers_map2.h b/contrib/epee/include/net/http_server_handlers_map2.h
index 201460130..f812077f1 100644
--- a/contrib/epee/include/net/http_server_handlers_map2.h
+++ b/contrib/epee/include/net/http_server_handlers_map2.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
       CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(parse_res, false, "Failed to parse json: \r\n" << query_info.m_body); \
       uint64_t ticks1 = epee::misc_utils::get_tick_count(); \
       boost::value_initialized<command_type::response> resp;\
-      if(!callback_f(static_cast<command_type::request&>(req), static_cast<command_type::response&>(resp), m_conn_context)) \
+      if(!callback_f(static_cast<command_type::request&>(req), static_cast<command_type::response&>(resp))) \
       { \
         LOG_ERROR("Failed to " << #callback_f << "()"); \
         response_info.m_response_code = 500; \
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
       CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(parse_res, false, "Failed to parse bin body data, body size=" << query_info.m_body.size()); \
       uint64_t ticks1 = misc_utils::get_tick_count(); \
       boost::value_initialized<command_type::response> resp;\
-      if(!callback_f(static_cast<command_type::request&>(req), static_cast<command_type::response&>(resp), m_conn_context)) \
+      if(!callback_f(static_cast<command_type::request&>(req), static_cast<command_type::response&>(resp))) \
       { \
         LOG_ERROR("Failed to " << #callback_f << "()"); \
         response_info.m_response_code = 500; \
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
   epee::json_rpc::error_response fail_resp = AUTO_VAL_INIT(fail_resp); \
   fail_resp.jsonrpc = "2.0"; \
   fail_resp.id = req.id; \
-  if(!callback_f(req.params, resp.result, fail_resp.error, m_conn_context)) \
+  if(!callback_f(req.params, resp.result, fail_resp.error)) \
   { \
     epee::serialization::store_t_to_json(static_cast<epee::json_rpc::error_response&>(fail_resp), response_info.m_body); \
     return true; \
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
     else if(callback_name == method_name) \
 { \
   PREPARE_OBJECTS_FROM_JSON(command_type) \
-  if(!callback_f(req.params, resp.result, m_conn_context)) \
+  if(!callback_f(req.params, resp.result)) \
   { \
     epee::json_rpc::error_response fail_resp = AUTO_VAL_INIT(fail_resp); \
     fail_resp.jsonrpc = "2.0"; \
diff --git a/external/CMakeLists.txt b/external/CMakeLists.txt
index 80e574b06..520763e07 100644
--- a/external/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/external/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 # ...except for FreeBSD, because FreeBSD is a special case that doesn't play well with
 # others.
 
-find_package(MiniUpnpc QUIET)
+find_package(Miniupnpc QUIET)
 
 # FreeBSD doesn't play well with the local copy, so default to using shared
 set(USE_SHARED_MINIUPNPC false)
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 60501cefa..efc9c02f6 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -98,4 +98,5 @@ add_subdirectory(cryptonote_protocol)
 add_subdirectory(connectivity_tool)
 add_subdirectory(miner)
 add_subdirectory(simplewallet)
+add_subdirectory(daemonizer)
 add_subdirectory(daemon)
diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 16c4b0ae3..620e1add9 100644
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -39,8 +39,11 @@ set(common_private_headers
   boost_serialization_helper.h
   command_line.h
   dns_utils.h
+  http_connection.h
   int-util.h
   pod-class.h
+  rpc_client.h
+  scoped_message_writer.h
   unordered_containers_boost_serialization.h
   util.h
   varint.h)
diff --git a/src/common/dns_utils.cpp b/src/common/dns_utils.cpp
index 3e50b6af8..4ab93cce8 100644
--- a/src/common/dns_utils.cpp
+++ b/src/common/dns_utils.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,65 @@
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include "include_base_utils.h"
+#include <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
 using namespace epee;
+namespace bf = boost::filesystem;
+
+namespace
+{
+
+/*
+ * The following two functions were taken from unbound-anchor.c, from
+ * the unbound library packaged with this source.  The license and source
+ * can be found in $PROJECT_ROOT/external/unbound
+ */
+
+/* Cert builtin commented out until it's used, as the compiler complains
+
+// return the built in root update certificate
+static const char*
+get_builtin_cert(void)
+{
+	return
+// The ICANN CA fetched at 24 Sep 2010.  Valid to 2028
+"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+"MIIDdzCCAl+gAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBdMQ4wDAYDVQQKEwVJQ0FO\n"
+"TjEmMCQGA1UECxMdSUNBTk4gQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkxFjAUBgNV\n"
+"BAMTDUlDQU5OIFJvb3QgQ0ExCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMB4XDTA5MTIyMzA0MTkxMloX\n"
+"DTI5MTIxODA0MTkxMlowXTEOMAwGA1UEChMFSUNBTk4xJjAkBgNVBAsTHUlDQU5O\n"
+"IENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MRYwFAYDVQQDEw1JQ0FOTiBSb290IENB\n"
+"MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKDb\n"
+"cLhPNNqc1NB+u+oVvOnJESofYS9qub0/PXagmgr37pNublVThIzyLPGCJ8gPms9S\n"
+"G1TaKNIsMI7d+5IgMy3WyPEOECGIcfqEIktdR1YWfJufXcMReZwU4v/AdKzdOdfg\n"
+"ONiwc6r70duEr1IiqPbVm5T05l1e6D+HkAvHGnf1LtOPGs4CHQdpIUcy2kauAEy2\n"
+"paKcOcHASvbTHK7TbbvHGPB+7faAztABLoneErruEcumetcNfPMIjXKdv1V1E3C7\n"
+"MSJKy+jAqqQJqjZoQGB0necZgUMiUv7JK1IPQRM2CXJllcyJrm9WFxY0c1KjBO29\n"
+"iIKK69fcglKcBuFShUECAwEAAaNCMEAwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8B\n"
+"Af8EBAMCAf4wHQYDVR0OBBYEFLpS6UmDJIZSL8eZzfyNa2kITcBQMA0GCSqGSIb3\n"
+"DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAP8emCogqHny2UYFqywEuhLys7R9UKmYY4suzGO4nkbgfPFMfH\n"
+"6M+Zj6owwxlwueZt1j/IaCayoKU3QsrYYoDRolpILh+FPwx7wseUEV8ZKpWsoDoD\n"
+"2JFbLg2cfB8u/OlE4RYmcxxFSmXBg0yQ8/IoQt/bxOcEEhhiQ168H2yE5rxJMt9h\n"
+"15nu5JBSewrCkYqYYmaxyOC3WrVGfHZxVI7MpIFcGdvSb2a1uyuua8l0BKgk3ujF\n"
+"0/wsHNeP22qNyVO+XVBzrM8fk8BSUFuiT/6tZTYXRtEt5aKQZgXbKU5dUF3jT9qg\n"
+"j/Br5BZw3X/zd325TvnswzMC1+ljLzHnQGGk\n"
+"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+		;
+}
+*/
+
+/** return the built in root DS trust anchor */
+static const char*
+get_builtin_ds(void)
+{
+	return
+". IN DS 19036 8 2 49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5\n";
+}
+
+/************************************************************
+ ************************************************************
+ ***********************************************************/
+
+} // anonymous namespace
 
 namespace tools
 {
@@ -109,6 +167,8 @@ DNSResolver::DNSResolver() : m_data(new DNSResolverData())
   // look for "/etc/resolv.conf" and "/etc/hosts" or platform equivalent
   ub_ctx_resolvconf(m_data->m_ub_context, &empty_string);
   ub_ctx_hosts(m_data->m_ub_context, &empty_string);
+
+  ub_ctx_add_ta(m_data->m_ub_context, ::get_builtin_ds());
 }
 
 DNSResolver::~DNSResolver()
@@ -143,6 +203,8 @@ std::vector<std::string> DNSResolver::get_ipv4(const std::string& url, bool& dns
   // call DNS resolver, blocking.  if return value not zero, something went wrong
   if (!ub_resolve(m_data->m_ub_context, urlC, DNS_TYPE_A, DNS_CLASS_IN, &(result.ptr)))
   {
+    dnssec_available = (result.ptr->secure || (!result.ptr->secure && result.ptr->bogus));
+    dnssec_valid = !result.ptr->bogus;
     if (result.ptr->havedata)
     {
       for (size_t i=0; result.ptr->data[i] != NULL; i++)
@@ -175,6 +237,8 @@ std::vector<std::string> DNSResolver::get_ipv6(const std::string& url, bool& dns
   // call DNS resolver, blocking.  if return value not zero, something went wrong
   if (!ub_resolve(m_data->m_ub_context, urlC, DNS_TYPE_AAAA, DNS_CLASS_IN, &(result.ptr)))
   {
+    dnssec_available = (result.ptr->secure || (!result.ptr->secure && result.ptr->bogus));
+    dnssec_valid = !result.ptr->bogus;
     if (result.ptr->havedata)
     {
       for (size_t i=0; result.ptr->data[i] != NULL; i++)
@@ -207,6 +271,8 @@ std::vector<std::string> DNSResolver::get_txt_record(const std::string& url, boo
   // call DNS resolver, blocking.  if return value not zero, something went wrong
   if (!ub_resolve(m_data->m_ub_context, urlC, DNS_TYPE_TXT, DNS_CLASS_IN, &(result.ptr)))
   {
+    dnssec_available = (result.ptr->secure || (!result.ptr->secure && result.ptr->bogus));
+    dnssec_valid = !result.ptr->bogus;
     if (result.ptr->havedata)
     {
       for (size_t i=0; result.ptr->data[i] != NULL; i++)
diff --git a/src/common/http_connection.h b/src/common/http_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..759145009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/http_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include "net/http_client.h"
+
+namespace tools {
+
+class t_http_connection {
+private:
+  epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client * mp_http_client;
+  bool m_ok;
+public:
+  static unsigned int const TIMEOUT = 200000;
+
+  t_http_connection(
+      epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client * p_http_client
+    , uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    )
+    : mp_http_client(p_http_client)
+  {
+    // TODO fix http client so that it accepts properly typed arguments
+    std::string ip_str = epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(ip);
+    std::string port_str = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(port);
+    m_ok = mp_http_client->connect(ip_str, port_str, TIMEOUT);
+  }
+
+  ~t_http_connection()
+  {
+    if (m_ok)
+    {
+      mp_http_client->disconnect();
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_open()
+  {
+    return m_ok;
+  }
+}; // class t_http_connection
+
+} // namespace tools
diff --git a/src/common/rpc_client.h b/src/common/rpc_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6d4b6cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/rpc_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/http_connection.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h"
+#include "storages/http_abstract_invoke.h"
+#include "net/http_client.h"
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
+
+namespace tools
+{
+  class t_rpc_client final
+  {
+  private:
+    epee::net_utils::http::http_simple_client m_http_client;
+    uint32_t m_ip;
+    uint16_t m_port;
+  public:
+    t_rpc_client(
+        uint32_t ip
+      , uint16_t port
+      )
+      : m_http_client{}
+      , m_ip{ip}
+      , m_port{port}
+    {}
+
+    std::string build_url(std::string const & relative_url)
+    {
+      std::string result =
+              "http://"
+             + epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(m_ip)
+             + ":"
+             + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(m_port)
+             + relative_url;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool basic_json_rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & method_name
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url("/json_rpc");
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_rpc(rpc_url, method_name, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Daemon request failed";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool json_rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & method_name
+      , std::string const & fail_msg
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url("/json_rpc");
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_rpc(rpc_url, method_name, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (res.status != CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK) // TODO - handle CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY ?
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << fail_msg << " -- " << res.status;
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T_req, typename T_res>
+    bool rpc_request(
+        T_req & req
+      , T_res & res
+      , std::string const & relative_url
+      , std::string const & fail_msg
+      )
+    {
+      std::string rpc_url = build_url(relative_url);
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+
+      bool ok = connection.is_open();
+      ok = ok && epee::net_utils::invoke_http_json_remote_command2(rpc_url, req, res, m_http_client);
+      if (!ok)
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to daemon";
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (res.status != CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK) // TODO - handle CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY ?
+      {
+        fail_msg_writer() << fail_msg << " -- " << res.status;
+        return false;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool check_connection()
+    {
+      t_http_connection connection(&m_http_client, m_ip, m_port);
+      return connection.is_open();
+    }
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h b/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70db54eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/scoped_message_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace tools
+{
+
+class scoped_message_writer
+{
+private:
+  bool m_flush;
+  std::stringstream m_oss;
+  epee::log_space::console_colors m_color;
+  bool m_bright;
+  int m_log_level;
+public:
+  scoped_message_writer(
+      epee::log_space::console_colors color = epee::log_space::console_color_default
+    , bool bright = false
+    , std::string&& prefix = std::string()
+    , int log_level = LOG_LEVEL_2
+    )
+    : m_flush(true)
+    , m_color(color)
+    , m_bright(bright)
+    , m_log_level(log_level)
+  {
+    m_oss << prefix;
+  }
+
+  scoped_message_writer(scoped_message_writer&& rhs)
+    : m_flush(std::move(rhs.m_flush))
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    , m_oss(std::move(rhs.m_oss))
+#else
+      // GCC bug: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54316
+    , m_oss(rhs.m_oss.str(), std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::ate)
+#endif
+    , m_color(std::move(rhs.m_color))
+    , m_log_level(std::move(rhs.m_log_level))
+  {
+    rhs.m_flush = false;
+  }
+
+  scoped_message_writer(scoped_message_writer& rhs) = delete;
+  scoped_message_writer& operator=(scoped_message_writer& rhs) = delete;
+  scoped_message_writer& operator=(scoped_message_writer&& rhs) = delete;
+
+  template<typename T>
+  std::ostream& operator<<(const T& val)
+  {
+    m_oss << val;
+    return m_oss;
+  }
+
+  ~scoped_message_writer()
+  {
+    if (m_flush)
+    {
+      m_flush = false;
+
+      LOG_PRINT(m_oss.str(), m_log_level)
+
+      if (epee::log_space::console_color_default == m_color)
+      {
+        std::cout << m_oss.str();
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        epee::log_space::set_console_color(m_color, m_bright);
+        std::cout << m_oss.str();
+        epee::log_space::reset_console_color();
+      }
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+inline scoped_message_writer success_msg_writer()
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(epee::log_space::console_color_green, false, std::string(), LOG_LEVEL_2);
+}
+
+inline scoped_message_writer msg_writer(epee::log_space::console_colors color = epee::log_space::console_color_default)
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(color, false, std::string(), LOG_LEVEL_2);
+}
+
+inline scoped_message_writer fail_msg_writer()
+{
+  return scoped_message_writer(epee::log_space::console_color_red, true, "Error: ", LOG_LEVEL_0);
+}
+
+} // namespace tools
diff --git a/src/common/util.cpp b/src/common/util.cpp
index 94c1e042e..7d39bc4f4 100644
--- a/src/common/util.cpp
+++ b/src/common/util.cpp
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ std::string get_nix_version_display_string()
     std::string config_folder;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
-    config_folder = get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME;
+    config_folder = get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME;
 #else
     std::string pathRet;
     char* pszHome = getenv("HOME");
diff --git a/src/common/util.h b/src/common/util.h
index 0d23135b0..883fe1e0f 100644
--- a/src/common/util.h
+++ b/src/common/util.h
@@ -58,6 +58,18 @@ namespace tools
    */
   std::string get_default_data_dir();
 
+#ifdef WIN32
+  /**
+   * @brief 
+   *
+   * @param nfolder
+   * @param iscreate
+   *
+   * @return 
+   */
+  std::string get_special_folder_path(int nfolder, bool iscreate);
+#endif
+
   /*! \brief Returns the OS version string
    *
    * \details This is a wrapper around the primitives
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_config.h b/src/cryptonote_config.h
index e26945086..e5df844e7 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_config.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_config.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 // MONEY_SUPPLY - total number coins to be generated
 #define MONEY_SUPPLY                                    ((uint64_t)(-1))
 #define EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR                           (20)
+#define FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE                        ((uint64_t)300000000000) // 3 * pow(10, 11)
 
 #define CRYPTONOTE_REWARD_BLOCKS_WINDOW                 100
 #define CRYPTONOTE_BLOCK_GRANTED_FULL_REWARD_ZONE       20000 //size of block (bytes) after which reward for block calculated using block size
@@ -61,9 +62,6 @@
 
 #define FEE_PER_KB                                      ((uint64_t)10000000000) // pow(10, 10)
 
-// temporarily to allow backward compatibility during the switch to per-kb
-//#define MINING_ALLOWED_LEGACY_FEE                       ((uint64_t)100000000000) // pow(10, 11)
-
 #define ORPHANED_BLOCKS_MAX_COUNT                       100
 
 
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
index 4e669daa5..136d4f1d1 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.cpp
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::init(const std::string& config_folder, bool testnet)
 {
   CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
   m_config_folder = config_folder;
+  m_testnet = testnet;
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Loading blockchain...");
   const std::string filename = m_config_folder + "/" CRYPTONOTE_BLOCKCHAINDATA_FILENAME;
   if(tools::unserialize_obj_from_file(*this, filename))
@@ -1365,7 +1366,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::pop_transaction_from_global_index(const transaction& tx
   return true;
 }
 //------------------------------------------------------------------
-bool blockchain_storage::add_transaction_from_block(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id, const crypto::hash& bl_id, uint64_t bl_height)
+bool blockchain_storage::add_transaction_from_block(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id, const crypto::hash& bl_id, uint64_t bl_height, size_t blob_size)
 {
   CRITICAL_REGION_LOCAL(m_blockchain_lock);
   struct add_transaction_input_visitor: public boost::static_visitor<bool>
@@ -1404,6 +1405,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::add_transaction_from_block(const transaction& tx, const
   }
   transaction_chain_entry ch_e;
   ch_e.m_keeper_block_height = bl_height;
+  ch_e.m_blob_size = blob_size;
   ch_e.tx = tx;
   auto i_r = m_transactions.insert(std::pair<crypto::hash, transaction_chain_entry>(tx_id, ch_e));
   if(!i_r.second)
@@ -1669,10 +1671,12 @@ bool blockchain_storage::handle_block_to_main_chain(const block& bl, const crypt
     bvc.m_verifivation_failed = true;
     return false;
   }
-  size_t coinbase_blob_size = get_object_blobsize(bl.miner_tx);
+  crypto::hash coinbase_hash = null_hash;
+  size_t coinbase_blob_size = 0;
+  get_transaction_hash(bl.miner_tx, coinbase_hash, coinbase_blob_size);
   size_t cumulative_block_size = coinbase_blob_size;
   //process transactions
-  if(!add_transaction_from_block(bl.miner_tx, get_transaction_hash(bl.miner_tx), id, get_current_blockchain_height()))
+  if(!add_transaction_from_block(bl.miner_tx, coinbase_hash, id, get_current_blockchain_height(), coinbase_blob_size))
   {
     LOG_PRINT_L1("Block with id: " << id << " failed to add transaction to blockchain storage");
     bvc.m_verifivation_failed = true;
@@ -1706,7 +1710,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::handle_block_to_main_chain(const block& bl, const crypt
       return false;
     }
 
-    if(!add_transaction_from_block(tx, tx_id, id, get_current_blockchain_height()))
+    if(!add_transaction_from_block(tx, tx_id, id, get_current_blockchain_height(), blob_size))
     {
        LOG_PRINT_L1("Block with id: " << id << " failed to add transaction to blockchain storage");
        cryptonote::tx_verification_context tvc = AUTO_VAL_INIT(tvc);
@@ -1736,7 +1740,14 @@ bool blockchain_storage::handle_block_to_main_chain(const block& bl, const crypt
   bei.bl = bl;
   bei.block_cumulative_size = cumulative_block_size;
   bei.cumulative_difficulty = current_diffic;
-  bei.already_generated_coins = already_generated_coins + base_reward;
+
+  // In the "tail" state when the minimum subsidy (implemented in get_block_reward) is in effect, the number of 
+  // coins will eventually exceed MONEY_SUPPLY and overflow a uint64. To prevent overflow, cap already_generated_coins 
+  // at MONEY_SUPPLY. already_generated_coins is only used to compute the block subsidy and MONEY_SUPPLY yields a 
+  // subsidy of 0 under the base formula and therefore the minimum subsidy >0 in the tail state.
+
+  bei.already_generated_coins = base_reward < (MONEY_SUPPLY-already_generated_coins) ? already_generated_coins + base_reward : MONEY_SUPPLY;
+
   if(m_blocks.size())
     bei.cumulative_difficulty += m_blocks.back().cumulative_difficulty;
 
@@ -1862,7 +1873,7 @@ bool blockchain_storage::update_checkpoints(const std::string& file_path, bool c
   else if (check_dns)
   {
     checkpoints dns_points;
-    cryptonote::load_checkpoints_from_dns(dns_points);
+    cryptonote::load_checkpoints_from_dns(dns_points, m_testnet);
     if (m_checkpoints.check_for_conflicts(dns_points))
     {
       check_against_checkpoints(dns_points, false);
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
index 38bdfbce7..505ed4574 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/blockchain_storage.h
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     std::atomic<bool> m_is_blockchain_storing;
 
     bool m_enforce_dns_checkpoints;
+    bool m_testnet;
 
     bool switch_to_alternative_blockchain(std::list<blocks_ext_by_hash::iterator>& alt_chain, bool discard_disconnected_chain);
     bool pop_block_from_blockchain();
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     bool validate_miner_transaction(const block& b, size_t cumulative_block_size, uint64_t fee, uint64_t& base_reward, uint64_t already_generated_coins);
     bool validate_transaction(const block& b, uint64_t height, const transaction& tx);
     bool rollback_blockchain_switching(std::list<block>& original_chain, size_t rollback_height);
-    bool add_transaction_from_block(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id, const crypto::hash& bl_id, uint64_t bl_height);
+    bool add_transaction_from_block(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id, const crypto::hash& bl_id, uint64_t bl_height, size_t blob_size);
     bool push_transaction_to_global_outs_index(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id, std::vector<uint64_t>& global_indexes);
     bool pop_transaction_from_global_index(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_id);
     bool get_last_n_blocks_sizes(std::vector<size_t>& sz, size_t count);
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
index 31ae9655b..43f926682 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.cpp
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ bool create_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(231350, "b5add137199b820e1ea26640e5c3e121fd85faa86a1e39cf7e6cc097bdeb1131");
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(232150, "955de8e6b6508af2c24f7334f97beeea651d78e9ade3ab18fec3763be3201aa8");
   ADD_CHECKPOINT(249380, "654fb0a81ce3e5caf7e3264a70f447d4bd07586c08fa50f6638cc54da0a52b2d");
+  ADD_CHECKPOINT(460000, "75037a7aed3e765db96c75bcf908f59d690a5f3390baebb9edeafd336a1c4831");
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_json(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::strin
   return true;
 }
 
-bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
+bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, bool testnet)
 {
   // All four MoneroPulse domains have DNSSEC on and valid
   static const std::vector<std::string> dns_urls = { "checkpoints.moneropulse.se"
@@ -120,6 +121,12 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
 						   , "checkpoints.moneropulse.net"
 						   , "checkpoints.moneropulse.co"
   };
+
+  static const std::vector<std::string> testnet_dns_urls = { "testpoints.moneropulse.se"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.org"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.net"
+							   , "testpoints.moneropulse.co"
+  };
   bool avail, valid;
   std::vector<std::string> records;
 
@@ -131,14 +138,34 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
   size_t cur_index = first_index;
   do
   {
-    records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record(dns_urls[cur_index], avail, valid);
-    if (records.size() == 0 || (avail && !valid))
+    std::string url;
+    if (testnet)
+    {
+      url = testnet_dns_urls[cur_index];
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      url = dns_urls[cur_index];
+    }
+
+    records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record(url, avail, valid);
+    if (!avail)
+    {
+      LOG_PRINT_L2("DNSSEC not available for checkpoint update at URL: " << url << ", skipping.");
+    }
+    if (!valid)
+    {
+      LOG_PRINT_L2("DNSSEC validation failed for checkpoint update at URL: " << url << ", skipping.");
+    }
+
+    if (records.size() == 0 || !avail || !valid)
     {
       cur_index++;
       if (cur_index == dns_urls.size())
       {
 	cur_index = 0;
       }
+      records.clear();
       continue;
     }
     break;
@@ -146,13 +173,7 @@ bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints)
 
   if (records.size() == 0)
   {
-    LOG_PRINT_L1("Fetching MoneroPulse checkpoints failed, no TXT records available.");
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (avail && !valid)
-  {
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("WARNING: MoneroPulse failed DNSSEC validation and/or returned no records");
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("WARNING: All MoneroPulse checkpoint URLs failed DNSSEC validation and/or returned no records");
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
index 569d437cf..8422e2b33 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
   bool create_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints);
 
   bool load_checkpoints_from_json(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::string json_hashfile_fullpath);
-  bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints);
+  bool load_checkpoints_from_dns(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, bool testnet = false);
   bool load_new_checkpoints(cryptonote::checkpoints& checkpoints, std::string json_hashfile_fullpath);
 
 }  // namespace cryptonote
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
index a7416a7e4..f2d862e57 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ namespace cryptonote {
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool get_block_reward(size_t median_size, size_t current_block_size, uint64_t already_generated_coins, uint64_t &reward) {
     uint64_t base_reward = (MONEY_SUPPLY - already_generated_coins) >> EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR;
+    if (base_reward < FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE)
+    {
+      base_reward = FINAL_SUBSIDY_PER_MINUTE;
+    }
 
     //make it soft
     if (median_size < CRYPTONOTE_BLOCK_GRANTED_FULL_REWARD_ZONE) {
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
index 49ce63065..505feb563 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ using namespace epee;
 #include "cryptonote_format_utils.h"
 #include "misc_language.h"
 #include <csignal>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
 
 DISABLE_VS_WARNINGS(4355)
 
@@ -108,14 +110,41 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return res;
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  void core::stop()
+  {
+    graceful_exit();
+  }
+  //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void core::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& /*desc*/)
   {
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core::handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool core::handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
-    auto data_dir_arg = testnet ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
+    m_testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
+    auto data_dir_arg = m_testnet ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
     m_config_folder = command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg);
+
+    auto data_dir = boost::filesystem::path(m_config_folder);
+
+    if (!m_testnet)
+    {
+      cryptonote::checkpoints checkpoints;
+      if (!cryptonote::create_checkpoints(checkpoints))
+      {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize checkpoints");
+      }
+      set_checkpoints(std::move(checkpoints));
+
+      boost::filesystem::path json(JSON_HASH_FILE_NAME);
+      boost::filesystem::path checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath = data_dir / json;
+
+      set_checkpoints_file_path(checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath.string());
+    }
+
+
+    set_enforce_dns_checkpoints(command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_dns_checkpoints));
     return true;
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -154,21 +183,21 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return m_blockchain_storage.get_alternative_blocks_count();
   }
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool core::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
-    bool r = handle_command_line(vm, testnet);
+    bool r = handle_command_line(vm);
 
     r = m_mempool.init(m_config_folder);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize memory pool");
 
-    r = m_blockchain_storage.init(m_config_folder, testnet);
+    r = m_blockchain_storage.init(m_config_folder, m_testnet);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize blockchain storage");
 
     // load json & DNS checkpoints, and verify them
     // with respect to what blocks we already have
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(update_checkpoints(), false, "One or more checkpoints loaded from json or dns conflicted with existing checkpoints.");
 
-    r = m_miner.init(vm, testnet);
+    r = m_miner.init(vm, m_testnet);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to initialize blockchain storage");
 
     return load_state_data();
diff --git a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
index 795a6d214..bb53ecb81 100644
--- a/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
+++ b/src/cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      miner& get_miner(){return m_miner;}
      static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
-     bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+     bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
      bool set_genesis_block(const block& b);
      bool deinit();
      static void set_fast_exit();
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      bool update_checkpoints();
 
+     void stop();
+
    private:
      bool add_new_tx(const transaction& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_hash, const crypto::hash& tx_prefix_hash, size_t blob_size, tx_verification_context& tvc, bool keeped_by_block);
      bool add_new_tx(const transaction& tx, tx_verification_context& tvc, bool keeped_by_block);
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
      bool check_tx_ring_signature(const txin_to_key& tx, const crypto::hash& tx_prefix_hash, const std::vector<crypto::signature>& sig);
      bool is_tx_spendtime_unlocked(uint64_t unlock_time);
      bool update_miner_block_template();
-     bool handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+     bool handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
      bool on_update_blocktemplate_interval();
      bool check_tx_inputs_keyimages_diff(const transaction& tx);
      void graceful_exit();
@@ -171,6 +173,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
      uint64_t m_target_blockchain_height;
 
+     bool m_testnet;
      std::string m_checkpoints_path;
      time_t m_last_dns_checkpoints_update;
      time_t m_last_json_checkpoints_update;
diff --git a/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt b/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
index 4a0dcb148..4de8b82b8 100644
--- a/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/daemon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -27,12 +27,43 @@
 # THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 set(daemon_sources
-  daemon.cpp)
+  command_parser_executor.cpp
+  command_server.cpp
+  daemon.cpp
+  executor.cpp
+  main.cpp
+  rpc_command_executor.cpp
+)
 
 set(daemon_headers)
 
 set(daemon_private_headers
-  daemon_commands_handler.h)
+  command_parser_executor.h
+  command_server.h
+  core.h
+  daemon.h
+  daemon_commands_handler.h
+  executor.h
+  p2p.h
+  protocol.h
+  rpc.h
+  rpc_command_executor.h
+
+  # cryptonote_protocol
+  ../cryptonote_protocol/blobdatatype.h
+  ../cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_defs.h
+  ../cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h
+  ../cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.inl
+  ../cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler_common.h
+
+  # p2p
+  ../p2p/net_node.h
+  ../p2p/net_node.inl
+  ../p2p/net_node_common.h
+  ../p2p/net_peerlist.h
+  ../p2p/net_peerlist_boost_serialization.h
+  ../p2p/p2p_protocol_defs.h
+  ../p2p/stdafx.h)
 
 bitmonero_private_headers(daemon
   ${daemon_private_headers})
@@ -46,9 +77,7 @@ target_link_libraries(daemon
     cryptonote_core
     crypto
     common
-    otshell_utils
-    p2p
-    cryptonote_protocol
+    daemonizer
     ${Boost_CHRONO_LIBRARY}
     ${Boost_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}
     ${Boost_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_LIBRARY}
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_line_args.h b/src/daemon/command_line_args.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcf599128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_line_args.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
+#define DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemon_args
+{
+  std::string const WINDOWS_SERVICE_NAME = "Monero Daemon";
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_config_file = {
+    "config-file"
+  , "Specify configuration file"
+  , std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf")
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_log_file = {
+    "log-file"
+  , "Specify log file"
+  , ""
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<int> arg_log_level = {
+    "log-level"
+  , ""
+  , LOG_LEVEL_0
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::vector<std::string>> arg_command = {
+    "daemon_command"
+  , "Hidden"
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_os_version = {
+    "os-version"
+  , "OS for which this executable was compiled"
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_testnet_on  = {
+    "testnet"
+  , "Run on testnet. The wallet must be launched with --testnet flag."
+  , false
+  };
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_dns_checkpoints  = {
+    "enforce-dns-checkpointing"
+  , "checkpoints from DNS server will be enforced"
+  , false
+  };
+
+}  // namespace daemon_args
+
+#endif // DAEMON_COMMAND_LINE_ARGS_H
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f023da9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_basic_impl.h"
+#include "daemon/command_parser_executor.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+t_command_parser_executor::t_command_parser_executor(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  , bool is_rpc
+  , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server
+  )
+  : m_executor(ip, port, is_rpc, rpc_server)
+{}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_peer_list(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_peer_list();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::save_blockchain(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.save_blockchain();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::show_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.show_hash_rate();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::hide_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.hide_hash_rate();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::show_difficulty(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.show_difficulty();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_connections(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_connections();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_blockchain_info(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(!args.size())
+  {
+    std::cout << "need block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+  uint64_t start_index = 0;
+  uint64_t end_index = 0;
+  if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(start_index, args[0]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong starter block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if(args.size() >1 && !epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(end_index, args[1]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong end block index parameter" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return m_executor.print_blockchain_info(start_index, end_index);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_log_level(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size() != 1)
+  {
+    std::cout << "use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t l = 0;
+  if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(l, args[0]))
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong number format, use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(LOG_LEVEL_4 < l)
+  {
+    std::cout << "wrong number range, use: set_log <log_level_number_0-4>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return m_executor.set_log_level(l);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_height(const std::vector<std::string>& args) 
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_height();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_block(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (args.empty())
+  {
+    std::cout << "expected: print_block (<block_hash> | <block_height>)" << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& arg = args.front();
+  try
+  {
+    uint64_t height = boost::lexical_cast<uint64_t>(arg);
+    return m_executor.print_block_by_height(height);
+  }
+  catch (boost::bad_lexical_cast&)
+  {
+    crypto::hash block_hash;
+    if (parse_hash256(arg, block_hash))
+    {
+      return m_executor.print_block_by_hash(block_hash);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (args.empty())
+  {
+    std::cout << "expected: print_tx <transaction hash>" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& str_hash = args.front();
+  crypto::hash tx_hash;
+  if (parse_hash256(str_hash, tx_hash))
+  {
+    m_executor.print_transaction(tx_hash);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_long(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_transaction_pool_long();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_short(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_transaction_pool_short();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::start_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(!args.size())
+  {
+    std::cout << "Please specify a wallet address to mine for: start_mining <addr> [threads=1]" << std::endl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  cryptonote::account_public_address adr;
+  if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, false, args.front()))
+  {
+    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, true, args.front()))
+    {
+      std::cout << "target account address has wrong format" << std::endl;
+      return true;
+    }
+    std::cout << "Mining to a testnet address, make sure this is intentional!" << std::endl;
+  }
+  uint64_t threads_count = 1;
+  if(args.size() > 2)
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+  else if(args.size() == 2)
+  {
+    bool ok = epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(threads_count, args[1]);
+    threads_count = (ok && 0 < threads_count) ? threads_count : 1;
+  }
+
+  m_executor.start_mining(adr, threads_count);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::stop_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.stop_mining();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::stop_daemon(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.stop_daemon();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::print_status(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if (!args.empty()) return false;
+
+  return m_executor.print_status();
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit(limit);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit_up(limit);
+}
+
+bool t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  if(args.size()!=1) return false;
+  int limit;
+  try {
+      limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+  }
+  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (limit==-1)  limit=128;
+  limit *= 1024;
+
+  return m_executor.set_limit_down(limit);
+}
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07d2e70a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_parser_executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/rpc_command_executor.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_command_parser_executor final
+{
+private:
+  t_rpc_command_executor m_executor;
+public:
+  t_command_parser_executor(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    , bool is_rpc
+    , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server = NULL
+    );
+
+  bool print_peer_list(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool save_blockchain(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool show_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool hide_hash_rate(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool show_difficulty(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_connections(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_blockchain_info(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_log_level(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_height(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_block(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_long(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_short(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool start_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool stop_mining(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool stop_daemon(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool print_status(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  bool set_limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_server.cpp b/src/daemon/command_server.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..601b12d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_server.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "daemon/command_server.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+namespace p = std::placeholders;
+
+t_command_server::t_command_server(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  , bool is_rpc
+  , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server
+  )
+  : m_parser(ip, port, is_rpc, rpc_server)
+  , m_command_lookup()
+  , m_is_rpc(is_rpc)
+{
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "q"
+    , [] (const std::vector<std::string>& args) {return true;}
+    , "ignored"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "help"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_server::help, this, p::_1)
+    , "Show this help"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_height"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_height, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print local blockchain height"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pl"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_peer_list, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print peer list"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_cn"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_connections, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print connections"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_bc"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_blockchain_info, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print blockchain info in a given blocks range, print_bc <begin_height> [<end_height>]"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_block"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_block, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print block, print_block <block_hash> | <block_height>"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_tx"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction, print_tx <transaction_hash>"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "start_mining"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::start_mining, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Start mining for specified address, start_mining <addr> [threads=1]"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "stop_mining"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::stop_mining, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop mining"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pool"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_long, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction pool (long format)"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_pool_sh"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_transaction_pool_short, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Print transaction pool (short format)"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "show_hr"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::show_hash_rate, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Start showing hash rate"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "hide_hr"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::hide_hash_rate, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop showing hash rate"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "save"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::save_blockchain, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Save blockchain"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "set_log"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_log_level, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "set_log <level> - Change current log detalization level, <level> is a number 0-4"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "diff"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::show_difficulty, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Show difficulty"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "stop_daemon"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::stop_daemon, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop the daemon"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "exit"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::stop_daemon, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Stop the daemon"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "print_status"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::print_status, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "Prints daemon status"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set download and upload limit"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit-up"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_up, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set upload limit"
+    );
+  m_command_lookup.set_handler(
+      "limit-down"
+    , std::bind(&t_command_parser_executor::set_limit_down, &m_parser, p::_1)
+    , "limit <kB/s> - Set download limit"
+    );
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::process_command_str(const std::string& cmd)
+{
+  return m_command_lookup.process_command_str(cmd);
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd)
+{
+  bool result = m_command_lookup.process_command_vec(cmd);
+  if (!result)
+  {
+    help(std::vector<std::string>());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::start_handling()
+{
+  if (m_is_rpc) return false;
+
+  m_command_lookup.start_handling("", get_commands_str());
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void t_command_server::stop_handling()
+{
+  if (m_is_rpc) return;
+
+  m_command_lookup.stop_handling();
+}
+
+bool t_command_server::help(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+{
+  std::cout << get_commands_str() << std::endl;
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string t_command_server::get_commands_str()
+{
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << std::endl;
+  ss << "Commands: " << std::endl;
+  std::string usage = m_command_lookup.get_usage();
+  boost::replace_all(usage, "\n", "\n  ");
+  usage.insert(0, "  ");
+  ss << usage << std::endl;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/command_server.h b/src/daemon/command_server.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..494f44d8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/command_server.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+
+Passing RPC commands:
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "console_handler.h"
+#include "daemon/command_parser_executor.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_command_server {
+private:
+  t_command_parser_executor m_parser;
+  epee::console_handlers_binder m_command_lookup;
+  bool m_is_rpc;
+
+public:
+  t_command_server(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    , bool is_rpc = true
+    , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server = NULL
+    );
+
+  bool process_command_str(const std::string& cmd);
+
+  bool process_command_vec(const std::vector<std::string>& cmd);
+
+  bool start_handling();
+
+  void stop_handling();
+
+private:
+  bool help(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+  std::string get_commands_str();
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/core.h b/src/daemon/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6564e5314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_core final
+{
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    cryptonote::core::init_options(option_spec);
+    cryptonote::miner::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  cryptonote::core m_core;
+  // TEMPORARY HACK - Yes, this creates a copy, but otherwise the original
+  // variable map could go out of scope before the run method is called
+  boost::program_options::variables_map const m_vm_HACK;
+public:
+  t_core(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+    : m_core{nullptr}
+    , m_vm_HACK{vm}
+  {
+  }
+
+  // TODO - get rid of circular dependencies in internals
+  void set_protocol(t_protocol_raw & protocol)
+  {
+    m_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(&protocol);
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    //initialize core here
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core...");
+    if (!m_core.init(m_vm_HACK))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize core");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Core initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  cryptonote::core & get()
+  {
+    return m_core;
+  }
+
+  ~t_core()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing core...");
+    try {
+      m_core.deinit();
+      m_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(nullptr);
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize core...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon.cpp b/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
index 4a93a0db8..ec12c281c 100644
--- a/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
-// 
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
 // All rights reserved.
-// 
+//
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
 // permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-// 
+//
 // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
 //    conditions and the following disclaimer.
-// 
+//
 // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
 //    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 //    materials provided with the distribution.
-// 
+//
 // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
 //    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
 //    prior written permission.
-// 
+//
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
@@ -25,305 +25,136 @@
 // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 // STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
 // THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-// 
+//
 // Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
 
-// node.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
-// Does this file exist?
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
 
-
-#include "include_base_utils.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemon/core.h"
+#include "daemon/p2p.h"
+#include "daemon/protocol.h"
+#include "daemon/rpc.h"
+#include "daemon/command_server.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
 #include "version.h"
-#include "../../contrib/epee/include/syncobj.h"
-
-using namespace epee;
-
 #include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+struct t_internals {
+private:
+  t_protocol protocol;
+public:
+  t_core core;
+  t_p2p p2p;
+  t_rpc rpc;
+
+  t_internals(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+    : core{vm}
+    , protocol{vm, core}
+    , p2p{vm, protocol}
+    , rpc{vm, core, p2p}
+  {
+    // Handle circular dependencies
+    protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(p2p.get());
+    core.set_protocol(protocol.get());
+  }
+};
 
-#include "crypto/hash.h"
-#include "console_handler.h"
-#include "p2p/net_node.h"
-#include "cryptonote_config.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints_create.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/checkpoints.h"
-#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
-#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
-#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
-#include "daemon_commands_handler.h"
-#include "version.h"
-
-#if defined(WIN32)
-#include <crtdbg.h>
-#endif
+void t_daemon::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+{
+  t_core::init_options(option_spec);
+  t_p2p::init_options(option_spec);
+  t_rpc::init_options(option_spec);
+}
 
-namespace po = boost::program_options;
+t_daemon::t_daemon(
+    boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+  )
+  : mp_internals{new t_internals{vm}}
+{}
 
-unsigned int epee::g_test_dbg_lock_sleep = 0;
+t_daemon::~t_daemon() = default;
 
-namespace
+// MSVC is brain-dead and can't default this...
+t_daemon::t_daemon(t_daemon && other)
 {
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_config_file = {"config-file", "Specify configuration file", std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf")};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_os_version  = {"os-version", ""};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_log_file    = {"log-file", "", ""};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<int>         arg_log_level   = {"log-level", "", LOG_LEVEL_0};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_console     = {"no-console", "Disable daemon console commands"};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>        arg_testnet_on  = {
-      "testnet"
-    , "Run on testnet. The wallet must be launched with --testnet flag."
-    , false
-    };
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>		arg_dns_checkpoints				= {"enforce-dns-checkpointing", "checkpoints from DNS server will be enforced", false};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>		arg_test_drop_download  		= {"test-drop-download", "For net tests: in download, discard ALL blocks instead checking/saving them (very fast)"};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<uint64_t>	arg_test_drop_download_height  	= {"test-drop-download-height", "Like test-drop-download but disards only after around certain height", 0};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool>		arg_save_graph					= {"save-graph", "Save data for dr monero", false};
-  const command_line::arg_descriptor<int>		test_dbg_lock_sleep				= {"test-dbg-lock-sleep", "Sleep time in ms, defaults to 0 (off), used to debug before/after locking mutex. Values 100 to 1000 are good for tests.", 0};
+  if (this != &other)
+  {
+    mp_internals = std::move(other.mp_internals);
+    other.mp_internals.reset(nullptr);
+  }
 }
 
-bool command_line_preprocessor(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
+// or this
+t_daemon & t_daemon::operator=(t_daemon && other)
 {
-  bool exit = false;
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_version))
-  {
-    std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME  << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL;
-    exit = true;
-  }
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_os_version))
+  if (this != &other)
   {
-    std::cout << "OS: " << tools::get_os_version_string() << ENDL;
-    exit = true;
+    mp_internals = std::move(other.mp_internals);
+    other.mp_internals.reset(nullptr);
   }
+  return *this;
+}
 
-  if (exit)
+bool t_daemon::run(bool interactive)
+{
+  if (nullptr == mp_internals)
   {
-    return true;
+    throw std::runtime_error{"Can't run stopped daemon"};
   }
+  tools::signal_handler::install(std::bind(&daemonize::t_daemon::stop, this));
 
-  int new_log_level = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_log_level);
-  if(new_log_level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || new_log_level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
+  try
   {
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("Wrong log level value: ");
-  }
-  else if (log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(false) != new_log_level)
-  {
-    log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, new_log_level);
-    int otshell_utils_log_level = 100 - (new_log_level * 25);
-    gCurrentLogger.setDebugLevel(otshell_utils_log_level);
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("LOG_LEVEL set to " << new_log_level);
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char* argv[])
-{
-  string_tools::set_module_name_and_folder(argv[0]);
-#ifdef WIN32
-  _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
-#endif
-  log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, LOG_LEVEL_0);
-  log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL);
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting...");
-  
-  nOT::nUtils::cFilesystemUtils::CreateDirTree("log/dr-monero/net/");
-	_warn_c("test","Starting program (a test message)");
-	_warn_c("main/program","Starting program");
-
-  TRY_ENTRY();  
+    mp_internals->core.run();
+    mp_internals->rpc.run();
 
-  boost::filesystem::path default_data_path {tools::get_default_data_dir()};
-  boost::filesystem::path default_testnet_data_path {default_data_path / "testnet"};
+    daemonize::t_command_server* rpc_commands;
 
-  po::options_description desc_cmd_only("Command line options");
-  po::options_description desc_cmd_sett("Command line options and settings options");
+    if (interactive)
+    {
+      rpc_commands = new daemonize::t_command_server(0, 0, false, mp_internals->rpc.get_server());
+      rpc_commands->start_handling();
+    }
 
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_help);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_version);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, arg_os_version);
-  // tools::get_default_data_dir() can't be called during static initialization
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_data_dir, default_data_path.string());
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir, default_testnet_data_path.string());
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_only, arg_config_file);
+    mp_internals->p2p.run(); // blocks until p2p goes down
 
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_log_file);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_log_level);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_console);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_testnet_on);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_dns_checkpoints);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_test_drop_download);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_test_drop_download_height);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, arg_save_graph);
-  command_line::add_arg(desc_cmd_sett, test_dbg_lock_sleep);
-
-  cryptonote::core::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  cryptonote::core_rpc_server::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-  cryptonote::miner::init_options(desc_cmd_sett);
-
-  po::options_description desc_options("Allowed options");
-  desc_options.add(desc_cmd_only).add(desc_cmd_sett);
-
-  po::variables_map vm;
-  bool r = command_line::handle_error_helper(desc_options, [&]()
-  {
-    po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, desc_options), vm);
-    po::notify(vm);
+    if (interactive)
+    {
+      rpc_commands->stop_handling();
+    }
 
+    mp_internals->rpc.stop();
+    LOG_PRINT("Node stopped.", LOG_LEVEL_0);
     return true;
-  });
-  if (!r)
-    return 1;
-
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_help))
-  {
-    std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL << ENDL;
-    std::cout << desc_options << std::endl;
-    return false;
   }
-
-  bool testnet_mode = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_testnet_on);
-
-  auto data_dir_arg = testnet_mode ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
-
-  std::string data_dir = command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg);
-  tools::create_directories_if_necessary(data_dir);
-  std::string config = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_config_file);
-
-  boost::filesystem::path data_dir_path(data_dir);
-  boost::filesystem::path config_path(config);
-  if (!config_path.has_parent_path())
-  {
-    config_path = data_dir_path / config_path;
-  }
-
-  boost::system::error_code ec;
-  if (boost::filesystem::exists(config_path, ec))
+  catch (std::exception const & ex)
   {
-    po::store(po::parse_config_file<char>(config_path.string<std::string>().c_str(), desc_cmd_sett), vm);
+    LOG_ERROR("Uncaught exception! " << ex.what());
+    return false;
   }
-
-  //set up logging options
-  boost::filesystem::path log_file_path(command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_log_file));
-  if (log_file_path.empty())
-    log_file_path = log_space::log_singletone::get_default_log_file();
-  std::string log_dir;
-  log_dir = log_file_path.has_parent_path() ? log_file_path.parent_path().string() : log_space::log_singletone::get_default_log_folder();
-
-  log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_FILE, log_file_path.filename().string().c_str(), log_dir.c_str());
-  LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
-
-  if (command_line_preprocessor(vm))
+  catch (...)
   {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  LOG_PRINT("Module folder: " << argv[0], LOG_LEVEL_0);
-
-  bool res = true;
-  cryptonote::checkpoints checkpoints;
-  res = cryptonote::create_checkpoints(checkpoints);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize checkpoints");
-  boost::filesystem::path json(JSON_HASH_FILE_NAME);
-  boost::filesystem::path checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath = data_dir / json;
-
-  //create objects and link them
-  cryptonote::core ccore(NULL);
-
-  // tell core if we're enforcing dns checkpoints
-  bool enforce_dns = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_dns_checkpoints);
-  ccore.set_enforce_dns_checkpoints(enforce_dns);
-
-  if (testnet_mode) {
-    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting in testnet mode!");
-  } else {
-    ccore.set_checkpoints(std::move(checkpoints));
-    ccore.set_checkpoints_file_path(checkpoint_json_hashfile_fullpath.string());
+    LOG_ERROR("Uncaught exception!");
+    return false;
   }
+}
 
-  cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> cprotocol(ccore, NULL);
-  nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> > p2psrv {
-      cprotocol
-    , testnet_mode ? std::move(config::testnet::NETWORK_ID) : std::move(config::NETWORK_ID)
-    };
-  cryptonote::core_rpc_server rpc_server {ccore, p2psrv, testnet_mode};
-  cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&p2psrv);
-  ccore.set_cryptonote_protocol(&cprotocol);
-  std::shared_ptr<daemon_cmmands_handler> dch(new daemon_cmmands_handler(p2psrv, testnet_mode));
-  if(command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_save_graph))
-	p2psrv.set_save_graph(true);
-	
-  epee::g_test_dbg_lock_sleep = command_line::get_arg(vm, test_dbg_lock_sleep);
-  
-  //initialize core here
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core...");
-  res = ccore.init(vm, testnet_mode);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core");
-  if (command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_test_drop_download))
-	ccore.test_drop_download();
-  
-  ccore.test_drop_download_height(command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_test_drop_download_height));
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Core initialized OK");
-
-  //initialize objects
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing P2P server...");
-  res = p2psrv.init(vm, testnet_mode);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize P2P server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("P2P server initialized OK");
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing protocol...");
-  res = cprotocol.init(vm);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize protocol.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Protocol initialized OK");
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core RPC server...");
-  res = rpc_server.init(vm);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core RPC server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_GREEN("Core RPC server initialized OK on port: " << rpc_server.get_binded_port(), LOG_LEVEL_0);
- 
-  // start components
-  if(!command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_console))
+void t_daemon::stop()
+{
+  if (nullptr == mp_internals)
   {
-    dch->start_handling();
+    throw std::runtime_error{"Can't stop stopped daemon"};
   }
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting core RPC server...");
-  res = rpc_server.run(2, false);
-  CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize core RPC server.");
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Core RPC server started ok");
-
-  tools::signal_handler::install([&dch, &p2psrv] {
-    dch->stop_handling();
-    p2psrv.send_stop_signal();
-  });
-
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting P2P net loop...");
-  p2psrv.run();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("P2P net loop stopped");
-
-  //stop components
-  dch->stop_handling();
-  dch.reset();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Stopping core rpc server...");
-  rpc_server.send_stop_signal();
-  rpc_server.timed_wait_server_stop(5000);
-
-  //deinitialize components
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing core...");
-  ccore.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing RPC server ...");
-  rpc_server.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing protocol...");
-  cprotocol.deinit();
-  LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing P2P...");
-  p2psrv.deinit();
-
-
-  ccore.set_cryptonote_protocol(NULL);
-  cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(NULL);
-
-  epee::net_utils::data_logger::kill_instance();
-  LOG_PRINT("Node stopped.", LOG_LEVEL_0);
-  return 0;
-
-  CATCH_ENTRY_L0("main", 1);
+  mp_internals->p2p.stop();
+  mp_internals->rpc.stop();
+  mp_internals.reset(nullptr); // Ensure resources are cleaned up before we return
 }
 
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon.h b/src/daemon/daemon.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0869b25b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_internals;
+
+class t_daemon final {
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec);
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<t_internals> mp_internals;
+public:
+  t_daemon(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+  t_daemon(t_daemon && other);
+  t_daemon & operator=(t_daemon && other);
+  ~t_daemon();
+
+  bool run(bool interactive = false);
+  void stop();
+};
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h b/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
index c23df0443..7baca596d 100644
--- a/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
+++ b/src/daemon/daemon_commands_handler.h
@@ -1,35 +1,7 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
-// 
-// All rights reserved.
-// 
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
-// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-// 
-// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
-//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
-// 
-// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
-//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
-//    materials provided with the distribution.
-// 
-// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
-//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
-//    prior written permission.
-// 
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
-// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
-// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
-// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
-// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
-// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-// 
-// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
-
-
-/* This isn't a header file, may want to refactor this... */
+// Copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
 #pragma once
 
 #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
@@ -42,21 +14,18 @@
 #include "version.h"
 #include "../../contrib/otshell_utils/utils.hpp"
 
-/*!
- * \brief I don't really know right now
- *  
- * 
- */
+//#include "net/net_helper.h"
+//#include "../p2p/p2p_protocol_defs.h"
+//#include "../p2p/net_peerlist_boost_serialization.h"
+//#include "net/local_ip.h"
+//#include "crypto/crypto.h"
+//#include "storages/levin_abstract_invoke2.h"
+
 class daemon_cmmands_handler
 {
   nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& m_srv;
 public:
-  daemon_cmmands_handler(
-      nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& srv
-    , bool testnet
-    )
-    : m_srv(srv)
-    , m_testnet(testnet)
+  daemon_cmmands_handler(nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& srv):m_srv(srv)
   {
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("help", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::help, this, _1), "Show this help");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("print_pl", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::print_pl, this, _1), "Print peer list");
@@ -75,14 +44,10 @@ public:
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("save", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::save, this, _1), "Save blockchain");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("set_log", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::set_log, this, _1), "set_log <level> - Change current log detalization level, <level> is a number 0-4");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("diff", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::diff, this, _1), "Show difficulty");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit-up", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_up, this, _1), "Set upload limit");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit-down", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_down, this, _1), "Set download limit");
+    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit, this, _1), "Set download and upload limit");
     m_cmd_binder.set_handler("out_peers", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::out_peers_limit, this, _1), "Set max limit of out peers");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit_up", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_up, this, _1), "Set upload limit [kB/s]");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit_down", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit_down, this, _1), "Set download limit [kB/s]");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("limit", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::limit, this, _1), "Set download and upload limit [kB/s]");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("fast_exit", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::fast_exit, this, _1), "Exit");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("test_drop_download", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::test_drop_download, this, _1), "For network testing, drop downloaded blocks instead checking/adding them to blockchain. Can fake-download blocks very fast.");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("start_save_graph", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::start_save_graph, this, _1), "");
-    m_cmd_binder.set_handler("stop_save_graph", boost::bind(&daemon_cmmands_handler::stop_save_graph, this, _1), "");
   }
 
   bool start_handling()
@@ -98,7 +63,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
   epee::srv_console_handlers_binder<nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> > > m_cmd_binder;
-  bool m_testnet;
+
 
   //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   std::string get_commands_str()
@@ -131,6 +96,122 @@ private:
     return true;
   }
   //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool limit_up(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_up <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return false;
+      }
+      
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+  
+  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+  bool limit_down(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+  
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+  bool limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
+  {
+      if(args.size()!=1) {
+          std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+
+	  int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+
+      if (limit==-1) {
+          limit=128;
+          //this->islimitup=false;
+      }
+
+      limit *= 1024;
+
+
+      //nodetool::epee::net_utils::connection<epee::levin::async_protocol_handler<nodetool::p2p_connection_context> >::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+      epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+      std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+
+      return true;
+  }
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ bool out_peers_limit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+	  if(args.size()!=1) {		
+		  std::cout << "Usage: limit_down <speed>" << ENDL;
+          return true;
+      }
+    
+      int limit;
+	  try {
+		  limit = std::stoi(args[0]);
+	  }
+	  
+	  catch(std::invalid_argument& ex) {
+		  return false;
+	  }
+    
+	  LOG_PRINT_RED_L0("connections_count:  " << limit);
+	  m_srv.m_config.m_net_config.connections_count = limit;
+	  return true;
+ }
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool show_hr(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
   {
 	if(!m_srv.get_payload_object().get_core().get_miner().is_mining()) 
@@ -243,9 +324,11 @@ private:
       return true;
     }
 
+		// TODO what the hell causes compilation warning in following code line
+PUSH_WARNINGS
+DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(maybe-uninitialized)
     log_space::log_singletone::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, l);
-    int otshell_utils_log_level = 100 - (l * 25);
-    gCurrentLogger.setDebugLevel(otshell_utils_log_level);
+POP_WARNINGS
 
     return true;
   }
@@ -385,7 +468,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     cryptonote::account_public_address adr;
-    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, m_testnet, args.front()))
+    if(!cryptonote::get_account_address_from_str(adr, args.front()))
     {
       std::cout << "target account address has wrong format" << std::endl;
       return true;
diff --git a/src/daemon/executor.cpp b/src/daemon/executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb188c174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "daemon/executor.h"
+
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "cryptonote_config.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+  std::string const t_executor::NAME = "Monero Daemon";
+
+  void t_executor::init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & configurable_options
+    )
+  {
+    t_daemon::init_options(configurable_options);
+  }
+
+  std::string const & t_executor::name()
+  {
+    return NAME;
+  }
+
+  t_daemon t_executor::create_daemon(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+    return t_daemon{vm};
+  }
+
+  bool t_executor::run_interactive(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    epee::log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(LOGGER_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL);
+    return t_daemon{vm}.run(true);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/daemon/executor.h b/src/daemon/executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..553896875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
+#include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+  class t_executor final
+  {
+  public:
+    typedef ::daemonize::t_daemon t_daemon;
+
+    static std::string const NAME;
+
+    static void init_options(
+        boost::program_options::options_description & configurable_options
+      );
+
+    std::string const & name();
+
+    t_daemon create_daemon(
+        boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+      );
+
+    bool run_interactive(
+        boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+      );
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/main.cpp b/src/daemon/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d8baf497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#include "common/command_line.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/miner.h"
+#include "daemon/command_server.h"
+#include "daemon/daemon.h"
+#include "daemon/executor.h"
+#include "daemonizer/daemonizer.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
+
+namespace po = boost::program_options;
+namespace bf = boost::filesystem;
+
+int main(int argc, char const * argv[])
+{
+  try {
+
+    epee::string_tools::set_module_name_and_folder(argv[0]);
+
+    // Build argument description
+    po::options_description all_options("All");
+    po::options_description hidden_options("Hidden");
+    po::options_description visible_options("Options");
+    po::options_description core_settings("Settings");
+    po::positional_options_description positional_options;
+    {
+      bf::path default_data_dir = daemonizer::get_default_data_dir();
+      bf::path default_testnet_data_dir = {default_data_dir / "testnet"};
+
+      // Misc Options
+
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_help);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_version);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, daemon_args::arg_os_version);
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_data_dir, default_data_dir.string());
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir, default_testnet_data_dir.string());
+      bf::path default_conf = default_data_dir / std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".conf");
+      command_line::add_arg(visible_options, daemon_args::arg_config_file, default_conf.string());
+
+      // Settings
+      bf::path default_log = default_data_dir / std::string(CRYPTONOTE_NAME ".log");
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_log_file, default_log.string());
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_log_level);
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+      command_line::add_arg(core_settings, daemon_args::arg_dns_checkpoints);
+      daemonizer::init_options(hidden_options, visible_options);
+      daemonize::t_executor::init_options(core_settings);
+
+      // Hidden options
+      command_line::add_arg(hidden_options, daemon_args::arg_command);
+
+      visible_options.add(core_settings);
+      all_options.add(visible_options);
+      all_options.add(hidden_options);
+
+      // Positional
+      positional_options.add(daemon_args::arg_command.name, -1); // -1 for unlimited arguments
+    }
+
+    // Do command line parsing
+    po::variables_map vm;
+    bool ok = command_line::handle_error_helper(visible_options, [&]()
+    {
+      boost::program_options::store(
+        boost::program_options::command_line_parser(argc, argv)
+          .options(all_options).positional(positional_options).run()
+      , vm
+      );
+
+      return true;
+    });
+    if (!ok) return 1;
+
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_help))
+    {
+      std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL << ENDL;
+      std::cout << "Usage: " + std::string{argv[0]} + " [options|settings] [daemon_command...]" << std::endl << std::endl;
+      std::cout << visible_options << std::endl;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Monero Version
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_version))
+    {
+      std::cout << CRYPTONOTE_NAME  << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL << ENDL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // OS
+    if (command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_os_version))
+    {
+      std::cout << "OS: " << tools::get_os_version_string() << ENDL;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool testnet_mode = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
+    auto data_dir_arg = testnet_mode ? command_line::arg_testnet_data_dir : command_line::arg_data_dir;
+
+    // Create data dir if it doesn't exist
+    boost::filesystem::path data_dir = boost::filesystem::absolute(
+        command_line::get_arg(vm, data_dir_arg));
+    tools::create_directories_if_necessary(data_dir.string());
+
+    // FIXME: not sure on windows implementation default, needs further review
+    //bf::path relative_path_base = daemonizer::get_relative_path_base(vm);
+    bf::path relative_path_base = data_dir;
+
+    std::string config = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_config_file);
+
+    boost::filesystem::path data_dir_path(data_dir);
+    boost::filesystem::path config_path(config);
+    if (!config_path.has_parent_path())
+    {
+      config_path = data_dir / config_path;
+    }
+
+    boost::system::error_code ec;
+    if (bf::exists(config_path, ec))
+    {
+      po::store(po::parse_config_file<char>(config_path.string<std::string>().c_str(), core_settings), vm);
+    }
+    po::notify(vm);
+
+    // If there are positional options, we're running a daemon command
+    {
+      auto command = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_command);
+
+      if (command.size())
+      {
+        auto rpc_ip_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_ip);
+        auto rpc_port_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_port);
+        if (testnet_mode)
+        {
+          rpc_port_str = command_line::get_arg(vm, cryptonote::core_rpc_server::arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t rpc_ip;
+        uint16_t rpc_port;
+        if (!epee::string_tools::get_ip_int32_from_string(rpc_ip, rpc_ip_str))
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Invalid IP: " << rpc_ip_str << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+        if (!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(rpc_port, rpc_port_str))
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Invalid port: " << rpc_port_str << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+        daemonize::t_command_server rpc_commands{rpc_ip, rpc_port};
+        if (rpc_commands.process_command_vec(command))
+        {
+          return 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          std::cerr << "Unknown command" << std::endl;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Start with log level 0
+    epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, LOG_LEVEL_0);
+
+    // Set log level
+    {
+      int new_log_level = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_log_level);
+      if(new_log_level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || new_log_level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
+      {
+        LOG_PRINT_L0("Wrong log level value: " << new_log_level);
+      }
+      else if (epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(false) != new_log_level)
+      {
+        epee::log_space::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, new_log_level);
+        LOG_PRINT_L0("LOG_LEVEL set to " << new_log_level);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Set log file
+    {
+      bf::path log_file_path{bf::absolute(command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_log_file), relative_path_base)};
+
+      epee::log_space::log_singletone::add_logger(
+          LOGGER_FILE
+        , log_file_path.filename().string().c_str()
+        , log_file_path.parent_path().string().c_str()
+        );
+    }
+
+    return daemonizer::daemonize(argc, argv, daemonize::t_executor{}, vm);
+  }
+  catch (std::exception const & ex)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR("Exception in main! " << ex.what());
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR("Exception in main!");
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/p2p.h b/src/daemon/p2p.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..355a784b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/p2p.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "daemon/protocol.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_p2p final
+{
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  typedef nodetool::node_server<t_protocol_raw> t_node_server;
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    t_node_server::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  t_node_server m_server;
+public:
+  t_p2p(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_protocol & protocol
+    )
+    : m_server{protocol.get()}
+  {
+    //initialize objects
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing p2p server...");
+    if (!m_server.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize p2p server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("P2p server initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  t_node_server & get()
+  {
+    return m_server;
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting p2p net loop...");
+    m_server.run();
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("p2p net loop stopped");
+  }
+
+  void stop()
+  {
+    m_server.send_stop_signal();
+  }
+
+  ~t_p2p()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing p2p...");
+    try {
+      m_server.deinit();
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize p2p...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/protocol.h b/src/daemon/protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f6a66f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_protocol final
+{
+private:
+  typedef cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> t_protocol_raw;
+  typedef nodetool::node_server<t_protocol_raw> t_node_server;
+
+  t_protocol_raw m_protocol;
+public:
+  t_protocol(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_core & core
+    )
+    : m_protocol{core.get(), nullptr}
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing cryptonote protocol...");
+    if (!m_protocol.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize cryptonote protocol.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Cryptonote protocol initialized OK");
+  }
+
+  t_protocol_raw & get()
+  {
+    return m_protocol;
+  }
+
+  void set_p2p_endpoint(
+      t_node_server & server
+    )
+  {
+    m_protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&server);
+  }
+
+  ~t_protocol()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing cryptonote_protocol...");
+    try {
+      m_protocol.deinit();
+      m_protocol.set_p2p_endpoint(nullptr);
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize protocol...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc.h b/src/daemon/rpc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6477f440e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "daemon/core.h"
+#include "daemon/p2p.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+#include <boost/program_options.hpp>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace daemonize
+{
+
+class t_rpc final
+{
+public:
+  static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description & option_spec)
+  {
+    cryptonote::core_rpc_server::init_options(option_spec);
+  }
+private:
+  cryptonote::core_rpc_server m_server;
+public:
+  t_rpc(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    , t_core & core
+    , t_p2p & p2p
+    )
+    : m_server{core.get(), p2p.get()}
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing core rpc server...");
+    if (!m_server.init(vm))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize core rpc server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_GREEN("Core rpc server initialized OK on port: " << m_server.get_binded_port(), LOG_LEVEL_0);
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Starting core rpc server...");
+    if (!m_server.run(2, false))
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to start core rpc server.");
+    }
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Core rpc server started ok");
+  }
+
+  void stop()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Stopping core rpc server...");
+    m_server.send_stop_signal();
+    m_server.timed_wait_server_stop(5000);
+  }
+
+  cryptonote::core_rpc_server* get_server()
+  {
+    return &m_server;
+  }
+
+  ~t_rpc()
+  {
+    LOG_PRINT_L0("Deinitializing rpc server...");
+    try {
+      m_server.deinit();
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG_PRINT_L0("Failed to deinitialize rpc server...");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f06f48544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "daemon/rpc_command_executor.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h"
+#include <boost/format.hpp>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+namespace {
+  void print_peer(std::string const & prefix, cryptonote::peer const & peer)
+  {
+    time_t now;
+    time(&now);
+    time_t last_seen = static_cast<time_t>(peer.last_seen);
+
+    std::string id_str;
+    std::string port_str;
+    std::string elapsed = epee::misc_utils::get_time_interval_string(now - last_seen);
+    std::string ip_str = epee::string_tools::get_ip_string_from_int32(peer.ip);
+    epee::string_tools::xtype_to_string(peer.id, id_str);
+    epee::string_tools::xtype_to_string(peer.port, port_str);
+    std::string addr_str = ip_str + ":" + port_str;
+    tools::msg_writer() << boost::format("%-10s %-25s %-25s %s") % prefix % id_str % addr_str % elapsed;
+  }
+
+  void print_block_header(cryptonote::block_header_responce const & header)
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer()
+      << "timestamp: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.timestamp) << std::endl
+      << "previous hash: " << header.prev_hash << std::endl
+      << "nonce: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.nonce) << std::endl
+      << "is orphan: " << header.orphan_status << std::endl
+      << "height: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.height) << std::endl
+      << "depth: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.depth) << std::endl
+      << "hash: " << header.hash
+      << "difficulty: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.difficulty) << std::endl
+      << "reward: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(header.reward);
+  }
+}
+
+t_rpc_command_executor::t_rpc_command_executor(
+    uint32_t ip
+  , uint16_t port
+  , bool is_rpc
+  , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server
+  )
+  : m_rpc_client(NULL), m_rpc_server(rpc_server)
+{
+  if (is_rpc)
+  {
+    m_rpc_client = new tools::t_rpc_client(ip, port);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (rpc_server == NULL)
+    {
+      throw std::runtime_error("If not calling commands via RPC, rpc_server pointer must be non-null");
+    }
+  }
+
+  m_is_rpc = is_rpc;
+}
+
+t_rpc_command_executor::~t_rpc_command_executor()
+{
+  if (m_rpc_client != NULL)
+  {
+    delete m_rpc_client;
+  }
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_peer_list() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response res;
+
+  std::string failure_message = "Couldn't retrieve peer list";
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/get_peer_list", failure_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_peer_list(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << failure_message;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto & peer : res.white_list)
+  {
+    print_peer("white", peer);
+  }
+
+  for (auto & peer : res.gray_list)
+  {
+    print_peer("gray", peer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::save_blockchain() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Couldn't save blockchain";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/save_bc", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_save_bc(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Blockchain saved";
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::show_hash_rate() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response res;
+  req.visible = true;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_hash_rate", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_set_log_hash_rate(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Hash rate logging is on";
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::hide_hash_rate() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response res;
+  req.visible = false;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_hash_rate", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_set_log_hash_rate(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Hash rate logging is off";
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::show_difficulty() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Problem fetching info";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/getinfo", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_info(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() <<   "BH: " << res.height
+                              << ", DIFF: " << res.difficulty
+                              << ", HR: " << (int) res.difficulty / 60L << " H/s";
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_connections() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response res;
+  epee::json_rpc::error error_resp;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->json_rpc_request(req, res, "/get_connections", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_connections(req, res, error_resp))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto & info : res.connections)
+  {
+    std::string address = info.ip + ":" + info.port;
+    std::string in_out = info.incoming ? "INC" : "OUT";
+    tools::msg_writer() << boost::format("%-25s peer_id: %-25s %s") % address % info.peer_id % in_out;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_blockchain_info(uint64_t start_block_index, uint64_t end_block_index) {
+
+// this function appears to not exist in the json rpc api, and so is commented
+// until such a time as it does.
+
+/*
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE::response res;
+  epee::json_rpc::error error_resp;
+
+  req.start_height = start_block_index;
+  req.end_height = end_block_index;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheadersrange", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_getblockheadersrange(req, res, error_resp))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto & header : res.headers)
+  {
+    std::cout
+      << "major version: " << header.major_version << std::endl
+      << "minor version: " << header.minor_version << std::endl
+      << "height: " << header.height << ", timestamp: " << header.timestamp << ", difficulty: " << header.difficulty << std::endl
+      << "block id: " << header.hash << std::endl
+      << "previous block id: " << header.prev_hash << std::endl
+      << "difficulty: " << header.difficulty << ", nonce " << header.nonce << std::endl;
+  }
+
+*/
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_log_level(int8_t level) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response res;
+  req.level = level;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/set_log_level", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_set_log_level(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Log level is now " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(level);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_height() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/getheight", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_height(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(res.height);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_block_by_hash(crypto::hash block_hash) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response res;
+  epee::json_rpc::error error_resp;
+
+  req.hash = epee::string_tools::pod_to_hex(block_hash);
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheaderbyhash", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_block_header_by_hash(req, res, error_resp))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  print_block_header(res.block_header);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_block_by_height(uint64_t height) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response res;
+  epee::json_rpc::error error_resp;
+
+  req.height = height;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Unsuccessful";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->json_rpc_request(req, res, "getblockheaderbyheight", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_block_header_by_height(req, res, error_resp))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  print_block_header(res.block_header);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction(crypto::hash transaction_hash) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Problem fetching transaction";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/gettransactions", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_transactions(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (1 == res.txs_as_hex.size())
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << res.txs_as_hex.front();
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "transaction wasn't found: <" << transaction_hash << '>' << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction_pool_long() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Problem fetching transaction pool";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/get_transaction_pool", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_transaction_pool(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (res.transactions.empty())
+  {
+    tools::msg_writer() << "Pool is empty" << std::endl;
+  }
+  for (auto & tx_info : res.transactions)
+  {
+    tools::msg_writer() << "id: " << tx_info.id_hash << std::endl
+                        << "blob_size: " << tx_info.blob_size << std::endl
+                        << "fee: " << tx_info.fee << std::endl
+                        << "kept_by_block: " << tx_info.kept_by_block << std::endl
+                        << "max_used_block_height: " << tx_info.max_used_block_height << std::endl
+                        << "max_used_block_id: " << tx_info.max_used_block_id_hash << std::endl
+                        << "last_failed_height: " << tx_info.last_failed_height << std::endl
+                        << "last_failed_id: " << tx_info.last_failed_id_hash << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_transaction_pool_short() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Problem fetching transaction pool";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/get_transaction_pool", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_get_transaction_pool(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (res.transactions.empty())
+  {
+    tools::msg_writer() << "Pool is empty" << std::endl;
+  }
+  for (auto & tx_info : res.transactions)
+  {
+    tools::msg_writer() << "id: " << tx_info.id_hash << std::endl
+                        <<  tx_info.tx_json << std::endl
+                        << "blob_size: " << tx_info.blob_size << std::endl
+                        << "fee: " << tx_info.fee << std::endl
+                        << "kept_by_block: " << tx_info.kept_by_block << std::endl
+                        << "max_used_block_height: " << tx_info.max_used_block_height << std::endl
+                        << "max_used_block_id: " << tx_info.max_used_block_id_hash << std::endl
+                        << "last_failed_height: " << tx_info.last_failed_height << std::endl
+                        << "last_failed_id: " << tx_info.last_failed_id_hash << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// TODO: update this for testnet
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::start_mining(cryptonote::account_public_address address, uint64_t num_threads) {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response res;
+  req.miner_address = cryptonote::get_account_address_as_str(false, address);
+  req.threads_count = num_threads;
+
+  if (m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/start_mining", "Mining did not start"))
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "Mining started";
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::stop_mining() {
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response res;
+
+  std::string fail_message = "Mining did not stop";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/stop_mining", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_stop_mining(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Mining stopped";
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::stop_daemon()
+{
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request req;
+  cryptonote::COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response res;
+
+//# ifdef WIN32
+//    // Stop via service API
+//    // TODO - this is only temporary!  Get rid of hard-coded constants!
+//    bool ok = windows::stop_service("BitMonero Daemon");
+//    ok = windows::uninstall_service("BitMonero Daemon");
+//    //bool ok = windows::stop_service(SERVICE_NAME);
+//    //ok = windows::uninstall_service(SERVICE_NAME);
+//    if (ok)
+//    {
+//      return true;
+//    }
+//# endif
+
+  // Stop via RPC
+  std::string fail_message = "Daemon did not stop";
+
+  if (m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    if(!m_rpc_client->rpc_request(req, res, "/stop_daemon", fail_message.c_str()))
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!m_rpc_server->on_stop_daemon(req, res))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << fail_message.c_str();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Stop signal sent";
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::print_status()
+{
+  if (!m_is_rpc)
+  {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "print_status makes no sense in interactive mode";
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool daemon_is_alive = m_rpc_client->check_connection();
+
+  if(daemon_is_alive) {
+    tools::success_msg_writer() << "bitmonerod is running";
+  }
+  else {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "bitmonerod is NOT running";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit_up(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_up_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-up to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool t_rpc_command_executor::set_limit_down(int limit)
+{
+/*
+    epee::net_utils::connection_basic::set_rate_down_limit( limit );
+    std::cout << "Set limit-down to " << limit/1024 << " kB/s" << std::endl;
+*/
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}// namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe0181e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemon/rpc_command_executor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/**
+@file
+@details
+
+@image html images/other/runtime-commands.png
+
+*/
+
+// Copyright (c) 2014, The Monero Project
+//
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+// permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+//    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+//    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+//    materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+//    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+//    prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+// THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+// THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Parts of this file are originally copyright (c) 2012-2013 The Cryptonote developers
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/rpc_client.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+#include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_core.h"
+#include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
+#include "p2p/net_node.h"
+#include "rpc/core_rpc_server.h"
+
+namespace daemonize {
+
+class t_rpc_command_executor final {
+private:
+  tools::t_rpc_client* m_rpc_client;
+  cryptonote::core_rpc_server* m_rpc_server;
+  bool m_is_rpc;
+
+public:
+  t_rpc_command_executor(
+      uint32_t ip
+    , uint16_t port
+    , bool is_rpc = true
+    , cryptonote::core_rpc_server* rpc_server = NULL
+    );
+
+  ~t_rpc_command_executor();
+
+  bool print_peer_list();
+
+  bool save_blockchain();
+
+  bool show_hash_rate();
+
+  bool hide_hash_rate();
+
+  bool show_difficulty();
+
+  bool print_connections();
+
+  bool print_blockchain_info(uint64_t start_block_index, uint64_t end_block_index);
+
+  bool set_log_level(int8_t level);
+
+  bool print_height();
+
+  bool print_block_by_hash(crypto::hash block_hash);
+
+  bool print_block_by_height(uint64_t height);
+
+  bool print_transaction(crypto::hash transaction_hash);
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_long();
+
+  bool print_transaction_pool_short();
+
+  bool start_mining(cryptonote::account_public_address address, uint64_t num_threads);
+
+  bool stop_mining();
+
+  bool stop_daemon();
+
+  bool print_status();
+
+  bool set_limit(int limit);
+
+  bool set_limit_up(int limit);
+
+  bool set_limit_down(int limit);
+
+
+};
+
+} // namespace daemonize
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt b/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5830111c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The Monero Project
+#
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+# permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+#    conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+#    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+#    materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
+#    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
+#    prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+# THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+# STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
+# THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+if(MSVC OR MINGW)
+  set(daemonizer_sources
+    windows_service.cpp
+    windows_daemonizer.inl
+  )
+else()
+  set(daemonizer_sources
+    posix_fork.cpp
+    posix_daemonizer.inl
+  )
+endif()
+
+set(daemonizer_headers
+)
+
+if(MSVC OR MINGW)
+  set(daemonizer_private_headers
+    daemonizer.h
+    windows_service.h
+    windows_service_runner.h
+  )
+else()
+  set(daemonizer_private_headers
+    daemonizer.h
+    posix_fork.h
+  )
+endif()
+
+bitmonero_private_headers(daemonizer
+  ${daemonizer_private_headers})
+bitmonero_add_library(daemonizer
+  ${daemonizer_sources}
+  ${daemonizer_headers}
+  ${daemonizer_private_headers})
+target_link_libraries(daemonizer
+  LINK_PRIVATE
+    common
+    ${Boost_CHRONO_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_PROGRAM_OPTIONS_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_REGEX_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY}
+    ${Boost_THREAD_LIBRARY}
+    ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}
+    ${UPNP_LIBRARIES}
+    ${EXTRA_LIBRARIES})
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h b/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6097a58f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/daemonizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
+#include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    );
+
+  boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir();
+
+  boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+
+  /**
+   * @arg create_before_detach - this indicates that the daemon should be
+   * created before the fork, giving it a chance to report initialization
+   * errors.  At the time of this writing, this is not possible in the primary
+   * daemon (likely due to the size of the blockchain in memory).
+   */
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    );
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#  include "daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl"
+#else
+#  include "daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl"
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl b/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e06d43d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemonizer/posix_fork.h"
+
+#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  namespace
+  {
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_detach = {
+      "detach"
+    , "Run as daemon"
+    };
+  }
+
+  inline void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    )
+  {
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_detach);
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir()
+  {
+    return boost::filesystem::absolute(tools::get_default_data_dir());
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    return boost::filesystem::current_path();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  inline bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_detach))
+    {
+      auto daemon = executor.create_daemon(vm);
+      tools::success_msg_writer() << "Forking to background...";
+      posix::fork();
+      return daemon.run();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      //LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+      return executor.run_interactive(vm);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c068912ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2003-2011 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+
+#include "daemonizer/posix_fork.h"
+#include "misc_log_ex.h"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+namespace posix {
+
+namespace {
+  void quit(std::string const & message)
+  {
+    LOG_ERROR(message);
+    throw std::runtime_error(message);
+  }
+}
+
+void fork()
+{
+  // Fork the process and have the parent exit. If the process was started
+  // from a shell, this returns control to the user. Forking a new process is
+  // also a prerequisite for the subsequent call to setsid().
+  if (pid_t pid = ::fork())
+  {
+    if (pid > 0)
+    {
+      // We're in the parent process and need to exit.
+      //
+      // When the exit() function is used, the program terminates without
+      // invoking local variables' destructors. Only global variables are
+      // destroyed.
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      quit("First fork failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make the process a new session leader. This detaches it from the
+  // terminal.
+  setsid();
+
+  // A process inherits its working directory from its parent. This could be
+  // on a mounted filesystem, which means that the running daemon would
+  // prevent this filesystem from being unmounted. Changing to the root
+  // directory avoids this problem.
+  if (chdir("/") < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to change working directory to root");
+  }
+
+  // The file mode creation mask is also inherited from the parent process.
+  // We don't want to restrict the permissions on files created by the
+  // daemon, so the mask is cleared.
+  umask(0);
+
+  // A second fork ensures the process cannot acquire a controlling terminal.
+  if (pid_t pid = ::fork())
+  {
+    if (pid > 0)
+    {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      quit("Second fork failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Close the standard streams. This decouples the daemon from the terminal
+  // that started it.
+  close(0);
+  close(1);
+  close(2);
+
+  // We don't want the daemon to have any standard input.
+  if (open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to open /dev/null");
+  }
+
+  // Send standard output to a log file.
+  const char* output = "/tmp/bitmonero.daemon.stdout.stderr";
+  const int flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND;
+  const mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
+  if (open(output, flags, mode) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to open output file: " + std::string(output));
+  }
+
+  // Also send standard error to the same log file.
+  if (dup(1) < 0)
+  {
+    quit("Unable to dup output descriptor");
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace posix
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f099685e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+
+namespace posix {
+
+void fork();
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl b/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c099f4097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_daemonizer.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/util.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h"
+
+#include <shlobj.h>
+#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
+
+namespace daemonizer
+{
+  namespace
+  {
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_install_service = {
+      "install-service"
+    , "Install Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_uninstall_service = {
+      "uninstall-service"
+    , "Uninstall Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_start_service = {
+      "start-service"
+    , "Start Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_stop_service = {
+      "stop-service"
+    , "Stop Windows service"
+    };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_is_service = {
+      "run-as-service"
+    , "Hidden -- true if running as windows service"
+    };
+
+    std::string get_argument_string(int argc, char const * argv[])
+    {
+      std::string result = "";
+      for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
+      {
+        result += " " + std::string{argv[i]};
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void init_options(
+      boost::program_options::options_description & hidden_options
+    , boost::program_options::options_description & normal_options
+    )
+  {
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_install_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_uninstall_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_start_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_stop_service);
+    command_line::add_arg(hidden_options, arg_is_service);
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_default_data_dir()
+  {
+    bool admin;
+    if (!windows::check_admin(admin))
+    {
+      admin = false;
+    }
+    if (admin)
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::absolute(
+          tools::get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::absolute(
+          tools::get_special_folder_path(CSIDL_APPDATA, true) + "\\" + CRYPTONOTE_NAME
+        );
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline boost::filesystem::path get_relative_path_base(
+      boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_is_service))
+    {
+      if (command_line::has_arg(vm, command_line::arg_data_dir))
+      {
+        return command_line::get_arg(vm, command_line::arg_data_dir);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return tools::get_default_data_dir();
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return boost::filesystem::current_path();
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_executor>
+  inline bool daemonize(
+      int argc, char const * argv[]
+    , T_executor && executor // universal ref
+    , boost::program_options::variables_map const & vm
+    )
+  {
+    std::string arguments = get_argument_string(argc, argv);
+
+    if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_is_service))
+    {
+      // TODO - Set the service status here for return codes
+      windows::t_service_runner<typename T_executor::t_daemon>::run(
+        executor.name()
+      , executor.create_daemon(vm)
+      );
+      return true;
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_install_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        arguments += " --run-as-service";
+        return windows::install_service(executor.name(), arguments);
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_uninstall_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::uninstall_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_start_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::start_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_stop_service))
+    {
+      if (windows::ensure_admin(arguments))
+      {
+        return windows::stop_service(executor.name());
+      }
+    }
+    else // interactive
+    {
+      //LOG_PRINT_L0(CRYPTONOTE_NAME << " v" << MONERO_VERSION_FULL);
+      return executor.run_interactive(vm);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b0ee2ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include "common/scoped_message_writer.h"
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include "string_tools.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <memory>
+#include <shellapi.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows {
+
+namespace {
+  typedef std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer<SC_HANDLE>::type, decltype(&::CloseServiceHandle)> service_handle;
+
+  std::string get_last_error()
+  {
+    LPSTR p_error_text = nullptr;
+
+    FormatMessage(
+      FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM
+    | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER
+    | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS
+    , nullptr
+    , GetLastError()
+    , MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT)
+    , reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&p_error_text)
+    , 0
+    , nullptr
+    );
+
+    if (nullptr == p_error_text)
+    {
+      return "";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return std::string{p_error_text};
+      LocalFree(p_error_text);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool relaunch_as_admin(
+      std::string const & command
+    , std::string const & arguments
+    )
+  {
+    SHELLEXECUTEINFO info{};
+    info.cbSize = sizeof(info);
+    info.lpVerb = "runas";
+    info.lpFile = command.c_str();
+    info.lpParameters = arguments.c_str();
+    info.hwnd = nullptr;
+    info.nShow = SW_SHOWNORMAL;
+    if (!ShellExecuteEx(&info))
+    {
+      tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Admin relaunch failed: " << get_last_error();
+      return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // When we relaunch as admin, Windows opens a new window.  This just pauses
+  // to allow the user to read any output.
+  void pause_to_display_admin_window_messages()
+  {
+    std::chrono::milliseconds how_long{1500};
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(how_long);
+  }
+}
+
+bool check_admin(bool & result)
+{
+  BOOL is_admin = FALSE;
+  PSID p_administrators_group = nullptr;
+
+  SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY nt_authority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY;
+
+  if (!AllocateAndInitializeSid(
+        &nt_authority
+      , 2
+      , SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID
+      , DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS
+      , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+      , &p_administrators_group
+      ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Security Identifier creation failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!CheckTokenMembership(
+        nullptr
+      , p_administrators_group
+      , &is_admin
+      ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Permissions check failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  result = is_admin ? true : false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ensure_admin(
+    std::string const & arguments
+  )
+{
+  bool admin;
+
+  if (!check_admin(admin))
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (admin)
+  {
+    return true;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    std::string command = epee::string_tools::get_current_module_path();
+    relaunch_as_admin(command, arguments);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool install_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  , std::string const & arguments
+  )
+{
+  std::string command = epee::string_tools::get_current_module_path();
+  std::string full_command = command + arguments;
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT | SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    CreateService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , 0
+      //, GENERIC_EXECUTE | GENERIC_READ
+      , SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS
+      , SERVICE_DEMAND_START
+      , SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL
+      , full_command.c_str()
+      , nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , ""
+      //, "NT AUTHORITY\\LocalService"
+      , nullptr // Implies LocalSystem account
+      , nullptr
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't create service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service installed";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool start_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  tools::msg_writer() << "Starting service";
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS service_status = {};
+  DWORD unused = 0;
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      //, SERVICE_START | SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS
+      , SERVICE_START
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!StartService(
+      p_service.get()
+    , 0
+    , nullptr
+    ))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Service start request failed: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service started";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool stop_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  tools::msg_writer() << "Stopping service";
+
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , SERVICE_STOP | SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS status = {};
+  if (!ControlService(p_service.get(), SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &status))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't request service stop: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service stopped";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool uninstall_service(
+    std::string const & service_name
+  )
+{
+  service_handle p_manager{
+    OpenSCManager(
+        nullptr
+      , nullptr
+      , SC_MANAGER_CONNECT
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_manager == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't connect to service manager: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  service_handle p_service{
+    OpenService(
+        p_manager.get()
+      , service_name.c_str()
+      , SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS | DELETE
+      )
+  , &::CloseServiceHandle
+  };
+  if (p_service == nullptr)
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't find service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  SERVICE_STATUS status = {};
+  if (!DeleteService(p_service.get()))
+  {
+    tools::fail_msg_writer() << "Couldn't uninstall service: " << get_last_error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tools::success_msg_writer() << "Service uninstalled";
+
+  pause_to_display_admin_window_messages();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace windows
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f5fdcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows
+{
+  bool check_admin(bool & result);
+
+  bool ensure_admin(
+      std::string const & arguments
+    );
+
+  bool install_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    , std::string const & arguments
+    );
+
+  bool uninstall_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+
+  bool start_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+
+  bool stop_service(
+      std::string const & service_name
+    );
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h b/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79b10b136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/daemonizer/windows_service_runner.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+#undef UNICODE
+#undef _UNICODE
+
+#include "daemonizer/windows_service.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace windows {
+  namespace
+  {
+    std::vector<char> vecstring(std::string const & str)
+    {
+      std::vector<char> result{str.begin(), str.end()};
+      result.push_back('\0');
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T_handler>
+  class t_service_runner final
+  {
+  private:
+    SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE m_status_handle{nullptr};
+    SERVICE_STATUS m_status{};
+    std::mutex m_lock{};
+    std::string m_name;
+    T_handler m_handler;
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<t_service_runner<T_handler>> sp_instance;
+  public:
+    t_service_runner(
+        std::string name
+      , T_handler handler
+      )
+      : m_name{std::move(name)}
+      , m_handler{std::move(handler)}
+    {
+      m_status.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
+      m_status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
+      m_status.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
+      m_status.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
+      m_status.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = NO_ERROR;
+      m_status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
+      m_status.dwWaitHint = 0;
+    }
+
+    t_service_runner & operator=(t_service_runner && other)
+    {
+      if (this != &other)
+      {
+        m_status_handle = std::move(other.m_status_handle);
+        m_status = std::move(other.m_status);
+        m_name = std::move(other.m_name);
+        m_handler = std::move(other.m_handler);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    static void run(
+        std::string name
+      , T_handler handler
+      )
+    {
+      sp_instance.reset(new t_service_runner<T_handler>{
+        std::move(name)
+      , std::move(handler)
+      });
+
+      sp_instance->run_();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    void run_()
+    {
+      SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY table[] =
+      {
+        { vecstring(m_name).data(), &service_main }
+      , { 0, 0 }
+      };
+
+      StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(table);
+    }
+
+    void report_status(DWORD status)
+    {
+      m_status.dwCurrentState = status;
+      if (status == SERVICE_RUNNING)
+      {
+        m_status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN;
+      }
+      else if(status == SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
+      {
+        m_status.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
+      }
+      SetServiceStatus(m_status_handle, &m_status);
+    }
+
+    static void WINAPI service_main(DWORD argc, LPSTR * argv)
+    {
+      sp_instance->service_main_(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    void service_main_(DWORD argc, LPSTR * argv)
+    {
+      m_status_handle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(m_name.c_str(), &on_state_change_request);
+      if (m_status_handle == nullptr) return;
+
+      report_status(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
+
+      report_status(SERVICE_RUNNING);
+
+      m_handler.run();
+
+      on_state_change_request_(SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP);
+
+      // Ensure that the service is uninstalled
+      uninstall_service(m_name);
+    }
+
+    static void WINAPI on_state_change_request(DWORD control_code)
+    {
+      sp_instance->on_state_change_request_(control_code);
+    }
+
+    void on_state_change_request_(DWORD control_code)
+    {
+      switch (control_code)
+      {
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
+          report_status(SERVICE_STOP_PENDING);
+          m_handler.stop();
+          report_status(SERVICE_STOPPED);
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
+          break;
+        case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <typename T_handler>
+  std::unique_ptr<t_service_runner<T_handler>> t_service_runner<T_handler>::sp_instance;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mnemonics/english.h b/src/mnemonics/english.h
index e70849fda..fee428817 100644
--- a/src/mnemonics/english.h
+++ b/src/mnemonics/english.h
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ namespace Language
         "initiate",

         "injury",

         "inkling",

-        "incline",

+        "inline",

         "inmate",

         "innocent",

         "inorganic",

@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ namespace Language
         "ouch",

         "ought",

         "ounce",

-        "launchpad",

+        "ourselves",

         "oust",

         "outbreak",

         "oval",

diff --git a/src/p2p/net_node.h b/src/p2p/net_node.h
index 5b034ce25..f94fedae0 100644
--- a/src/p2p/net_node.h
+++ b/src/p2p/net_node.h
@@ -80,22 +80,18 @@ namespace nodetool
   public:
     typedef t_payload_net_handler payload_net_handler;
 
-    node_server(t_payload_net_handler& payload_handler, boost::uuids::uuid network_id)
-		:m_payload_handler(payload_handler),
-		m_allow_local_ip(false),
-		m_no_igd(false),
-		m_hide_my_port(false),
-		m_network_id(std::move(network_id))
-    {
-		m_current_number_of_out_peers = 0;
-		m_save_graph = false;
-		is_closing = false;
-	}
+    node_server(
+        t_payload_net_handler& payload_handler
+      )
+      : m_payload_handler(payload_handler)
+      , m_allow_local_ip(false)
+      , m_hide_my_port(false)
+    {}
 
     static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
 
     bool run();
-    bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet);
+    bool init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
     bool deinit();
     bool send_stop_signal();
     uint32_t get_this_peer_port(){return m_listenning_port;}
diff --git a/src/p2p/net_node.inl b/src/p2p/net_node.inl
index afc6436f3..ef158d9a1 100644
--- a/src/p2p/net_node.inl
+++ b/src/p2p/net_node.inl
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #include "net/local_ip.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto.h"
 #include "storages/levin_abstract_invoke2.h"
-#include "data_logger.hpp"
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
 
 // We have to look for miniupnpc headers in different places, dependent on if its compiled or external
 #ifdef UPNP_STATIC
@@ -273,16 +273,20 @@ namespace nodetool
 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   template<class t_payload_net_handler>
-  bool node_server<t_payload_net_handler>::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm, bool testnet)
+  bool node_server<t_payload_net_handler>::init(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
   {
+    bool testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
     if (testnet)
     {
+      memcpy(&m_network_id, &::config::testnet::NETWORK_ID, 16);
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "107.152.187.202:28080");
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "197.242.158.240:28080");
       append_net_address(m_seed_nodes, "107.152.130.98:28080");
     }
     else
     {
+      memcpy(&m_network_id, &::config::NETWORK_ID, 16);
       // for each hostname in the seed nodes list, attempt to DNS resolve and
       // add the result addresses as seed nodes
       // TODO: at some point add IPv6 support, but that won't be relevant
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
index 7a41e9b9f..f29d0c604 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.cpp
@@ -40,29 +40,10 @@ using namespace epee;
 #include "misc_language.h"
 #include "crypto/hash.h"
 #include "core_rpc_server_error_codes.h"
+#include "daemon/command_line_args.h"
 
 namespace cryptonote
 {
-  namespace
-  {
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_ip   = {
-        "rpc-bind-ip"
-      , "IP for RPC server"
-      , "127.0.0.1"
-      };
-
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_port = {
-        "rpc-bind-port"
-      , "Port for RPC server"
-      , std::to_string(config::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
-      };
-
-    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port = {
-        "testnet-rpc-bind-port"
-      , "Port for testnet RPC server"
-      , std::to_string(config::testnet::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
-      };
-  }
 
   //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void core_rpc_server::init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc)
@@ -75,11 +56,9 @@ namespace cryptonote
   core_rpc_server::core_rpc_server(
       core& cr
     , nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& p2p
-    , bool testnet
     )
     : m_core(cr)
     , m_p2p(p2p)
-    , m_testnet(testnet)
   {}
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool core_rpc_server::handle_command_line(
@@ -97,6 +76,8 @@ namespace cryptonote
       const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm
     )
   {
+    m_testnet = command_line::get_arg(vm, daemon_args::arg_testnet_on);
+
     m_net_server.set_threads_prefix("RPC");
     bool r = handle_command_line(vm);
     CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(r, false, "Failed to process command line in core_rpc_server");
@@ -124,7 +105,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
 #define CHECK_CORE_READY() do { if(!check_core_ready()){res.status =  CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY;return true;} } while(0)
 
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     res.height = m_core.get_current_blockchain_height();
@@ -132,7 +113,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_info(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_info(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     res.height = m_core.get_current_blockchain_height();
@@ -150,7 +131,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_blocks(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_blocks(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     std::list<std::pair<block, std::list<transaction> > > bs;
@@ -175,7 +156,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_random_outs(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_random_outs(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     res.status = "Failed";
@@ -204,7 +185,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_indexes(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_indexes(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     bool r = m_core.get_tx_outputs_gindexs(req.txid, res.o_indexes);
@@ -218,7 +199,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_transactions(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_transactions(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     std::vector<crypto::hash> vh;
@@ -260,7 +241,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_send_raw_tx(const COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_send_raw_tx(const COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_READY();
 
@@ -303,7 +284,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_start_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_start_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_READY();
     account_public_address adr;
@@ -325,7 +306,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_stop_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_stop_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response& res)
   {
     if(!m_core.get_miner().stop())
     {
@@ -336,7 +317,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_mining_status(const COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_mining_status(const COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_READY();
 
@@ -354,7 +335,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_save_bc(const COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_save_bc(const COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     if( !m_core.get_blockchain_storage().store_blockchain() )
@@ -366,7 +347,76 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_peer_list(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response& res)
+  {
+    /*
+    std::list<nodetool::peerlist_entry> white_list;
+    std::list<nodetool::peerlist_entry> gray_list;
+    m_p2p.get_peerlist(white_list, gray_list);
+
+    for (auto & entry : white_list)
+    {
+      res.white_list.emplace_back(entry.id, entry.adr.ip, entry.adr.port, entry.last_seen);
+    }
+
+    for (auto & entry : gray_list)
+    {
+      res.gray_list.emplace_back(entry.id, entry.adr.ip, entry.adr.port, entry.last_seen);
+    }
+
+    */
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_set_log_hash_rate(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response& res)
+  {
+    if(m_core.get_miner().is_mining())
+    {
+      m_core.get_miner().do_print_hashrate(req.visible);
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_NOT_MINING;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_set_log_level(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response& res)
+  {
+    if (req.level < LOG_LEVEL_MIN || req.level > LOG_LEVEL_MAX)
+    {
+      res.status = "Error: log level not valid";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      epee::log_space::log_singletone::get_set_log_detalisation_level(true, req.level);
+      res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_transaction_pool(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response& res)
+  {
+    /*
+    CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
+    res.transactions = m_core.transaction_pool_info();
+    */
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_stop_daemon(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response& res)
+  {
+    // FIXME: replace back to original m_p2p.send_stop_signal() after
+    // investigating why that isn't working quite right.
+    m_p2p.send_stop_signal();
+    res.status = CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_BUSY();
     res.count = m_core.get_current_blockchain_height();
@@ -374,7 +424,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblockhash(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblockhash(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
@@ -415,7 +465,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return 0;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblocktemplate(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_getblocktemplate(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     if(!check_core_ready())
     {
@@ -481,7 +531,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_submitblock(const COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_submitblock(const COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     CHECK_CORE_READY();
     if(req.size()!=1)
@@ -553,7 +603,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_last_block_header(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_last_block_header(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
@@ -589,7 +639,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_block_header_by_hash(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx){
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_block_header_by_hash(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp){
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
       error_resp.code = CORE_RPC_ERROR_CODE_CORE_BUSY;
@@ -630,7 +680,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_block_header_by_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx){
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_block_header_by_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp){
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
       error_resp.code = CORE_RPC_ERROR_CODE_CORE_BUSY;
@@ -663,7 +713,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_connections(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_connections(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
@@ -679,7 +729,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_info_json(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool core_rpc_server::on_get_info_json(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp)
   {
     if(!check_core_busy())
     {
@@ -703,4 +753,23 @@ namespace cryptonote
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-}
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_ip   = {
+      "rpc-bind-ip"
+    , "IP for RPC server"
+    , "127.0.0.1"
+    };
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_rpc_bind_port = {
+      "rpc-bind-port"
+    , "Port for RPC server"
+    , std::to_string(config::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
+    };
+
+  const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> core_rpc_server::arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port = {
+      "testnet-rpc-bind-port"
+    , "Port for testnet RPC server"
+    , std::to_string(config::testnet::RPC_DEFAULT_PORT)
+    };
+
+}  // namespace cryptonote
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
index cd9a0f162..6e603acbd 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server.h
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 #include "p2p/net_node.h"
 #include "cryptonote_protocol/cryptonote_protocol_handler.h"
 
+// yes, epee doesn't properly use its full namespace when calling its
+// functions from macros.  *sigh*
+using namespace epee;
+
 namespace cryptonote
 {
   /************************************************************************/
@@ -47,19 +51,22 @@ namespace cryptonote
   class core_rpc_server: public epee::http_server_impl_base<core_rpc_server>
   {
   public:
+
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_ip;
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_rpc_bind_port;
+    static const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_testnet_rpc_bind_port;
+
     typedef epee::net_utils::connection_context_base connection_context;
 
     core_rpc_server(
         core& cr
       , nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<cryptonote::core> >& p2p
-      , bool testnet
       );
 
     static void init_options(boost::program_options::options_description& desc);
     bool init(
         const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm
       );
-  private:
 
     CHAIN_HTTP_TO_MAP2(connection_context); //forward http requests to uri map
 
@@ -74,6 +81,11 @@ namespace cryptonote
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/stop_mining", on_stop_mining, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/mining_status", on_mining_status, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/save_bc", on_save_bc, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/get_peer_list", on_get_peer_list, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/set_log_hash_rate", on_set_log_hash_rate, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/set_log_level", on_set_log_level, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/get_transaction_pool", on_get_transaction_pool, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL)
+      MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/stop_daemon", on_stop_daemon, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON)
       MAP_URI_AUTO_JON2("/getinfo", on_get_info, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO)
       BEGIN_JSON_RPC_MAP("/json_rpc")
         MAP_JON_RPC("getblockcount",             on_getblockcount,              COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT)
@@ -88,29 +100,37 @@ namespace cryptonote
       END_JSON_RPC_MAP()
     END_URI_MAP2()
 
-    bool on_get_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_blocks(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_transactions(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_indexes(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_send_raw_tx(const COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_start_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_stop_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_mining_status(const COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_random_outs(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::response& res, connection_context& cntx);        
-    bool on_get_info(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, connection_context& cntx);        
-    bool on_save_bc(const COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_get_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT::response& res);
+    bool on_get_blocks(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCKS_FAST::response& res);
+    bool on_get_transactions(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTIONS::response& res);
+    bool on_get_indexes(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TX_GLOBAL_OUTPUTS_INDEXES::response& res);
+    bool on_send_raw_tx(const COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SEND_RAW_TX::response& res);
+    bool on_start_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_START_MINING::response& res);
+    bool on_stop_mining(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_MINING::response& res);
+    bool on_mining_status(const COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_MINING_STATUS::response& res);
+    bool on_get_random_outs(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_RANDOM_OUTPUTS_FOR_AMOUNTS::response& res);        
+    bool on_get_info(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res);        
+    bool on_save_bc(const COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SAVE_BC::response& res);
+    bool on_get_peer_list(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST::response& res);
+    bool on_set_log_hash_rate(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE::response& res);
+    bool on_set_log_level(const COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL::response& res);
+    bool on_get_transaction_pool(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL::response& res);
+    bool on_stop_daemon(const COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON::response& res);
     
     //json_rpc
-    bool on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_getblockhash(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_getblocktemplate(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_submitblock(const COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_last_block_header(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_block_header_by_hash(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_block_header_by_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_connections(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
-    bool on_get_info_json(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp, connection_context& cntx);
+    bool on_getblockcount(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKCOUNT::response& res);
+    bool on_getblockhash(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKHASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_getblocktemplate(const COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GETBLOCKTEMPLATE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_submitblock(const COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_SUBMITBLOCK::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_get_last_block_header(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_get_block_header_by_hash(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HASH::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_get_block_header_by_height(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADER_BY_HEIGHT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_get_connections(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
+    bool on_get_info_json(const COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::request& req, COMMAND_RPC_GET_INFO::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& error_resp);
     //-----------------------
+
+private:
+
     bool handle_command_line(
         const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm
       );
diff --git a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
index 9fea933cb..5cb547521 100644
--- a/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
+++ b/src/rpc/core_rpc_server_commands_defs.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
   //-----------------------------------------------
 #define CORE_RPC_STATUS_OK   "OK"
 #define CORE_RPC_STATUS_BUSY   "BUSY"
+#define CORE_RPC_STATUS_NOT_MINING "NOT MINING"
 
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_HEIGHT
   {
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
         KV_SERIALIZE(reward)
       END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
   };
-  
+
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_LAST_BLOCK_HEADER
   {
     struct request
@@ -510,6 +511,135 @@ namespace cryptonote
 
   };
 
+  struct peer {
+    uint64_t id;
+    uint32_t ip;
+    uint16_t port;
+    uint64_t last_seen;
+
+    peer() = default;
+
+    peer(uint64_t id, uint32_t ip, uint16_t port, uint64_t last_seen)
+      : id(id), ip(ip), port(port), last_seen(last_seen)
+    {}
+
+    BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      KV_SERIALIZE(id)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(ip)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(port)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_seen)
+    END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_PEER_LIST
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<peer> white_list;
+      std::vector<peer> gray_list;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(white_list)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(gray_list)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_HASH_RATE
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      bool visible;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(visible)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_SET_LOG_LEVEL
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      int8_t level;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(level)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct tx_info
+  {
+    std::string id_hash;
+    std::string tx_json; // TODO - expose this data directly
+    uint64_t blob_size;
+    uint64_t fee;
+    std::string max_used_block_id_hash;
+    uint64_t max_used_block_height;
+    bool kept_by_block;
+    uint64_t last_failed_height;
+    std::string last_failed_id_hash;
+    uint64_t receive_time;
+
+    BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      KV_SERIALIZE(id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(tx_json)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(blob_size)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(fee)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(max_used_block_id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(max_used_block_height)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(kept_by_block)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_failed_height)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(last_failed_id_hash)
+      KV_SERIALIZE(receive_time)
+    END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+  };
+  
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_TRANSACTION_POOL
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<tx_info> transactions;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(transactions)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
   struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_CONNECTIONS
   {
     struct request
@@ -530,5 +660,48 @@ namespace cryptonote
     };
 
   };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_GET_BLOCK_HEADERS_RANGE
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      uint64_t start_height;
+      uint64_t end_height;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(start_height)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(end_height)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+      std::vector<block_header_responce> headers;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+        KV_SERIALIZE(headers)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
+
+  struct COMMAND_RPC_STOP_DAEMON
+  {
+    struct request
+    {
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+
+    struct response
+    {
+      std::string status;
+
+      BEGIN_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+        KV_SERIALIZE(status)
+      END_KV_SERIALIZE_MAP()
+    };
+  };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/simplewallet/simplewallet.cpp b/src/simplewallet/simplewallet.cpp
index 2a0e0e2f4..4ecf00c92 100644
--- a/src/simplewallet/simplewallet.cpp
+++ b/src/simplewallet/simplewallet.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace po = boost::program_options;
 
 #define EXTENDED_LOGS_FILE "wallet_details.log"
 
-unsigned int epee::g_test_dbg_lock_sleep = 0;
+#define DEFAULT_MIX 3
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ simple_wallet::simple_wallet()
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("incoming_transfers", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::show_incoming_transfers, this, _1), "incoming_transfers [available|unavailable] - Show incoming transfers - all of them or filter them by availability");
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("payments", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::show_payments, this, _1), "payments <payment_id_1> [<payment_id_2> ... <payment_id_N>] - Show payments <payment_id_1>, ... <payment_id_N>");
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("bc_height", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::show_blockchain_height, this, _1), "Show blockchain height");
-  m_cmd_binder.set_handler("transfer", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::transfer, this, _1), "transfer <mixin_count> <addr_1> <amount_1> [<addr_2> <amount_2> ... <addr_N> <amount_N>] [payment_id] - Transfer <amount_1>,... <amount_N> to <address_1>,... <address_N>, respectively. <mixin_count> is the number of transactions yours is indistinguishable from (from 0 to maximum available)");
+  m_cmd_binder.set_handler("transfer", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::transfer, this, _1), "transfer [<mixin_count>] <addr_1> <amount_1> [<addr_2> <amount_2> ... <addr_N> <amount_N>] [payment_id] - Transfer <amount_1>,... <amount_N> to <address_1>,... <address_N>, respectively. <mixin_count> is the number of transactions yours is indistinguishable from (from 0 to maximum available)");
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("set_log", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::set_log, this, _1), "set_log <level> - Change current log detalization level, <level> is a number 0-4");
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("address", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::print_address, this, _1), "Show current wallet public address");
   m_cmd_binder.set_handler("save", boost::bind(&simple_wallet::save, this, _1), "Save wallet synchronized data");
@@ -1068,19 +1068,24 @@ bool simple_wallet::transfer(const std::vector<std::string> &args_)
     return true;
 
   std::vector<std::string> local_args = args_;
-  if(local_args.size() < 3)
-  {
-    fail_msg_writer() << "wrong number of arguments, expected at least 3, got " << local_args.size();
-    return true;
-  }
 
   size_t fake_outs_count;
-  if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(fake_outs_count, local_args[0]))
+  if(local_args.size() > 0) {
+    if(!epee::string_tools::get_xtype_from_string(fake_outs_count, local_args[0]))
+    {
+      fake_outs_count = DEFAULT_MIX;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      local_args.erase(local_args.begin());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(local_args.size() < 2)
   {
-    fail_msg_writer() << "mixin_count should be non-negative integer, got " << local_args[0];
-    return true;
+     fail_msg_writer() << "wrong number of arguments";
+     return true;
   }
-  local_args.erase(local_args.begin());
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> extra;
   if (1 == local_args.size() % 2)
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
index e7940d57b..e39d9ba7b 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace tools
     return epee::http_server_impl_base<wallet_rpc_server, connection_context>::init(m_port, m_bind_ip);
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_getbalance(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_getbalance(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     try
     {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_getaddress(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_getaddress(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     try
     {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace tools
   }
 
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_transfer(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_transfer(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
 
     std::vector<cryptonote::tx_destination_entry> dsts;
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_transfer_split(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_transfer_split(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
 
     std::vector<cryptonote::tx_destination_entry> dsts;
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_store(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_store(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     if (m_wallet.restricted())
     {
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_get_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_get_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     crypto::hash payment_id;
     cryptonote::blobdata payment_id_blob;
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_get_bulk_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_get_bulk_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     res.payments.clear();
 
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_incoming_transfers(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_incoming_transfers(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
     if(req.transfer_type.compare("all") != 0 && req.transfer_type.compare("available") != 0 && req.transfer_type.compare("unavailable") != 0)
     {
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ namespace tools
     return true;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_query_key(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx)
+  bool wallet_rpc_server::on_query_key(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er)
   {
       if (m_wallet.restricted())
       {
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.h b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.h
index 06ebd23bf..cfdc1c147 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.h
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet_rpc_server.h
@@ -74,20 +74,20 @@ namespace tools
     END_URI_MAP2()
 
       //json_rpc
-      bool on_getbalance(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_getaddress(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
+      bool on_getbalance(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BALANCE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_getaddress(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_ADDRESS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
       bool validate_transfer(const std::list<wallet_rpc::transfer_destination> destinations, const std::string payment_id, std::vector<cryptonote::tx_destination_entry>& dsts, std::vector<uint8_t>& extra, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
-      bool on_transfer(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_transfer_split(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_store(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_get_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_get_bulk_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
-      bool on_incoming_transfers(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
+      bool on_transfer(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_transfer_split(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_TRANSFER_SPLIT::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_store(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_STORE::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_get_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_get_bulk_payments(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_GET_BULK_PAYMENTS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
+      bool on_incoming_transfers(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_INCOMING_TRANSFERS::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
 
       bool handle_command_line(const boost::program_options::variables_map& vm);
 
       //json rpc v2
-      bool on_query_key(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er, connection_context& cntx);
+      bool on_query_key(const wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::request& req, wallet_rpc::COMMAND_RPC_QUERY_KEY::response& res, epee::json_rpc::error& er);
 
       wallet2& m_wallet;
       std::string m_port;
diff --git a/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp b/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
index 879f83ebe..b942ed5c5 100644
--- a/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
+++ b/tests/core_proxy/core_proxy.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<tests::proxy_core> cprotocol(pr_core, NULL);
   nodetool::node_server<cryptonote::t_cryptonote_protocol_handler<tests::proxy_core> > p2psrv {
       cprotocol
-    , std::move(config::NETWORK_ID)
     };
   cprotocol.set_p2p_endpoint(&p2psrv);
   //pr_core.set_cryptonote_protocol(&cprotocol);
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   //initialize objects
 
   LOG_PRINT_L0("Initializing p2p server...");
-  bool res = p2psrv.init(vm, false);
+  bool res = p2psrv.init(vm);
   CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(res, 1, "Failed to initialize p2p server.");
   LOG_PRINT_L0("P2p server initialized OK");
 
diff --git a/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h b/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
index d25a4f614..d187f36ca 100644
--- a/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
+++ b/tests/core_tests/chaingen.h
@@ -487,7 +487,9 @@ inline bool do_replay_events(std::vector<test_event_entry>& events)
 
   cryptonote::cryptonote_protocol_stub pr; //TODO: stub only for this kind of test, make real validation of relayed objects
   cryptonote::core c(&pr);
-  if (!c.init(vm, false))
+  // FIXME: make sure that vm has arg_testnet_on set to true or false if
+  // this test needs for it to be so.
+  if (!c.init(vm))
   {
     std::cout << concolor::magenta << "Failed to init core" << concolor::normal << std::endl;
     return false;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CHANGES b/tests/gtest/CHANGES
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..055213242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+Changes for 1.7.0:
+
+* New feature: death tests are supported on OpenBSD and in iOS
+  simulator now.
+* New feature: Google Test now implements a protocol to allow
+  a test runner to detect that a test program has exited
+  prematurely and report it as a failure (before it would be
+  falsely reported as a success if the exit code is 0).
+* New feature: Test::RecordProperty() can now be used outside of the
+  lifespan of a test method, in which case it will be attributed to
+  the current test case or the test program in the XML report.
+* New feature (potentially breaking): --gtest_list_tests now prints
+  the type parameters and value parameters for each test.
+* Improvement: char pointers and char arrays are now escaped properly
+  in failure messages.
+* Improvement: failure summary in XML reports now includes file and
+  line information.
+* Improvement: the <testsuites> XML element now has a timestamp attribute.
+* Improvement: When --gtest_filter is specified, XML report now doesn't
+  contain information about tests that are filtered out.
+* Fixed the bug where long --gtest_filter flag values are truncated in
+  death tests.
+* Potentially breaking change: RUN_ALL_TESTS() is now implemented as a
+  function instead of a macro in order to work better with Clang.
+* Compatibility fixes with C++ 11 and various platforms.
+* Bug/warning fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.6.0:
+
+* New feature: ADD_FAILURE_AT() for reporting a test failure at the
+  given source location -- useful for writing testing utilities.
+* New feature: the universal value printer is moved from Google Mock
+  to Google Test.
+* New feature: type parameters and value parameters are reported in
+  the XML report now.
+* A gtest_disable_pthreads CMake option.
+* Colored output works in GNU Screen sessions now.
+* Parameters of value-parameterized tests are now printed in the
+  textual output.
+* Failures from ad hoc test assertions run before RUN_ALL_TESTS() are
+  now correctly reported.
+* Arguments of ASSERT_XY and EXPECT_XY no longer need to support << to
+  ostream.
+* More complete handling of exceptions.
+* GTEST_ASSERT_XY can be used instead of ASSERT_XY in case the latter
+  name is already used by another library.
+* --gtest_catch_exceptions is now true by default, allowing a test
+  program to continue after an exception is thrown.
+* Value-parameterized test fixtures can now derive from Test and
+  WithParamInterface<T> separately, easing conversion of legacy tests.
+* Death test messages are clearly marked to make them more
+  distinguishable from other messages.
+* Compatibility fixes for Android, Google Native Client, MinGW, HP UX,
+  PowerPC, Lucid autotools, libCStd, Sun C++, Borland C++ Builder (Code Gear),
+  IBM XL C++ (Visual Age C++), and C++0x.
+* Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+* Potentially incompatible changes: disables the harmful 'make install'
+  command in autotools.
+
+Changes for 1.5.0:
+
+ * New feature: assertions can be safely called in multiple threads
+   where the pthreads library is available.
+ * New feature: predicates used inside EXPECT_TRUE() and friends
+   can now generate custom failure messages.
+ * New feature: Google Test can now be compiled as a DLL.
+ * New feature: fused source files are included.
+ * New feature: prints help when encountering unrecognized Google Test flags.
+ * Experimental feature: CMake build script (requires CMake 2.6.4+).
+ * Experimental feature: the Pump script for meta programming.
+ * double values streamed to an assertion are printed with enough precision
+   to differentiate any two different values.
+ * Google Test now works on Solaris and AIX.
+ * Build and test script improvements.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+ Potentially breaking changes:
+
+ * Stopped supporting VC++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled.
+ * Dropped support for 'make install'.
+
+Changes for 1.4.0:
+
+ * New feature: the event listener API
+ * New feature: test shuffling
+ * New feature: the XML report format is closer to junitreport and can
+   be parsed by Hudson now.
+ * New feature: when a test runs under Visual Studio, its failures are
+   integrated in the IDE.
+ * New feature: /MD(d) versions of VC++ projects.
+ * New feature: elapsed time for the tests is printed by default.
+ * New feature: comes with a TR1 tuple implementation such that Boost
+   is no longer needed for Combine().
+ * New feature: EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED macro and friends.
+ * New feature: the Xcode project can now produce static gtest
+   libraries in addition to a framework.
+ * Compatibility fixes for Solaris, Cygwin, minGW, Windows Mobile,
+   Symbian, gcc, and C++Builder.
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.3.0:
+
+ * New feature: death tests on Windows, Cygwin, and Mac.
+ * New feature: ability to use Google Test assertions in other testing
+   frameworks.
+ * New feature: ability to run disabled test via
+   --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests.
+ * New feature: the --help flag for printing the usage.
+ * New feature: access to Google Test flag values in user code.
+ * New feature: a script that packs Google Test into one .h and one
+   .cc file for easy deployment.
+ * New feature: support for distributing test functions to multiple
+   machines (requires support from the test runner).
+ * Bug fixes and implementation clean-ups.
+
+Changes for 1.2.1:
+
+ * Compatibility fixes for Linux IA-64 and IBM z/OS.
+ * Added support for using Boost and other TR1 implementations.
+ * Changes to the build scripts to support upcoming release of Google C++
+   Mocking Framework.
+ * Added Makefile to the distribution package.
+ * Improved build instructions in README.
+
+Changes for 1.2.0:
+
+ * New feature: value-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: the ASSERT/EXPECT_(NON)FATAL_FAILURE(_ON_ALL_THREADS)
+   macros.
+ * Changed the XML report format to match JUnit/Ant's.
+ * Added tests to the Xcode project.
+ * Added scons/SConscript for building with SCons.
+ * Added src/gtest-all.cc for building Google Test from a single file.
+ * Fixed compatibility with Solaris and z/OS.
+ * Enabled running Python tests on systems with python 2.3 installed,
+   e.g. Mac OS X 10.4.
+ * Bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.1.0:
+
+ * New feature: type-parameterized tests.
+ * New feature: exception assertions.
+ * New feature: printing elapsed time of tests.
+ * Improved the robustness of death tests.
+ * Added an Xcode project and samples.
+ * Adjusted the output format on Windows to be understandable by Visual Studio.
+ * Minor bug fixes.
+
+Changes for 1.0.1:
+
+ * Added project files for Visual Studio 7.1.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Mac OS X.
+ * Fixed issues with compiling on Cygwin.
+
+Changes for 1.0.0:
+
+ * Initial Open Source release of Google Test
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
index 0fe26540b..bd78cfe67 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/gtest/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ include_directories(
 # Where Google Test's libraries can be found.
 link_directories(${gtest_BINARY_DIR}/src)
 
+# Summary of tuple support for Microsoft Visual Studio:
+# Compiler    version(MS)  version(cmake)  Support
+# ----------  -----------  --------------  -----------------------------
+# <= VS 2010  <= 10        <= 1600         Use Google Tests's own tuple.
+# VS 2012     11           1700            std::tr1::tuple + _VARIADIC_MAX=10
+# VS 2013     12           1800            std::tr1::tuple
+if (MSVC AND MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
+  add_definitions(/D _VARIADIC_MAX=10)
+endif()
+
 ########################################################################
 #
 # Defines the gtest & gtest_main libraries.  User tests should link
@@ -77,7 +87,7 @@ target_link_libraries(gtest_main gtest)
 #
 # They are not built by default.  To build them, set the
 # gtest_build_samples option to ON.  You can do it by running ccmake
-# or specifying the -Dbuild_gtest_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
+# or specifying the -Dgtest_build_samples=ON flag when running cmake.
 
 if (gtest_build_samples)
   cxx_executable(sample1_unittest samples gtest_main samples/sample1.cc)
@@ -124,6 +134,8 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
     test/gtest-param-test2_test.cc)
   cxx_test(gtest-port_test gtest_main)
   cxx_test(gtest_pred_impl_unittest gtest_main)
+  cxx_test(gtest_premature_exit_test gtest
+    test/gtest_premature_exit_test.cc)
   cxx_test(gtest-printers_test gtest_main)
   cxx_test(gtest_prod_test gtest_main
     test/production.cc)
@@ -140,10 +152,13 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   ############################################################
   # C++ tests built with non-standard compiler flags.
 
-  cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    src/gtest-all.cc)
-  cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_library(gtest_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc)
+    cxx_library(gtest_main_no_exception "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
+  endif()
   cxx_library(gtest_main_no_rtti "${cxx_no_rtti}"
     src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
 
@@ -166,12 +181,10 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
                         PROPERTIES
                         COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1")
 
-  if (NOT MSVC OR NOT MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1600)
-    # The C++ Standard specifies tuple_element<int, class>.
-    # Yet MSVC 10's <utility> declares tuple_element<size_t, class>.
-    # That declaration conflicts with our own standard-conforming
-    # tuple implementation.  Therefore using our own tuple with
-    # MSVC 10 doesn't compile.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION LESS 1600)  # 1600 is Visual Studio 2010.
+    # Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that
+    # conflict with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not
+    # work on those compilers.
     cxx_library(gtest_main_use_own_tuple "${cxx_use_own_tuple}"
       src/gtest-all.cc src/gtest_main.cc)
 
@@ -189,11 +202,15 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   cxx_executable(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_break_on_failure_unittest)
 
-  cxx_executable_with_flags(
-    gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
-    "${cxx_no_exception}"
-    gtest_main_no_exception
-    test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  # Visual Studio .NET 2003 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)  # 1310 is Visual Studio .NET 2003
+    cxx_executable_with_flags(
+      gtest_catch_exceptions_no_ex_test_
+      "${cxx_no_exception}"
+      gtest_main_no_exception
+      test/gtest_catch_exceptions_test_.cc)
+  endif()
+
   cxx_executable_with_flags(
     gtest_catch_exceptions_ex_test_
     "${cxx_exception}"
@@ -222,11 +239,14 @@ if (gtest_build_tests)
   cxx_executable(gtest_shuffle_test_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_shuffle_test)
 
-  cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
-  set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
-    PROPERTIES
-    COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
-  py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
+  # MSVC 7.1 does not support STL with exceptions disabled.
+  if (NOT MSVC OR MSVC_VERSION GREATER 1310)
+    cxx_executable(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_ test gtest_no_exception)
+    set_target_properties(gtest_throw_on_failure_test_
+      PROPERTIES
+      COMPILE_FLAGS "${cxx_no_exception}")
+    py_test(gtest_throw_on_failure_test)
+  endif()
 
   cxx_executable(gtest_uninitialized_test_ test gtest)
   py_test(gtest_uninitialized_test)
diff --git a/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS b/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feae2fc04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This file contains a list of people who've made non-trivial
+# contribution to the Google C++ Testing Framework project.  People
+# who commit code to the project are encouraged to add their names
+# here.  Please keep the list sorted by first names.
+
+Ajay Joshi <jaj@google.com>
+Balázs Dán <balazs.dan@gmail.com>
+Bharat Mediratta <bharat@menalto.com>
+Chandler Carruth <chandlerc@google.com>
+Chris Prince <cprince@google.com>
+Chris Taylor <taylorc@google.com>
+Dan Egnor <egnor@google.com>
+Eric Roman <eroman@chromium.org>
+Hady Zalek <hady.zalek@gmail.com>
+Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
+Jói Sigurðsson <joi@google.com>
+Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
+Keith Ray <keith.ray@gmail.com>
+Kenton Varda <kenton@google.com>
+Manuel Klimek <klimek@google.com>
+Markus Heule <markus.heule@gmail.com>
+Mika Raento <mikie@iki.fi>
+Miklós Fazekas <mfazekas@szemafor.com>
+Pasi Valminen <pasi.valminen@gmail.com>
+Patrick Hanna <phanna@google.com>
+Patrick Riley <pfr@google.com>
+Peter Kaminski <piotrk@google.com>
+Preston Jackson <preston.a.jackson@gmail.com>
+Rainer Klaffenboeck <rainer.klaffenboeck@dynatrace.com>
+Russ Cox <rsc@google.com>
+Russ Rufer <russ@pentad.com>
+Sean Mcafee <eefacm@gmail.com>
+Sigurður Ásgeirsson <siggi@google.com>
+Tracy Bialik <tracy@pentad.com>
+Vadim Berman <vadimb@google.com>
+Vlad Losev <vladl@google.com>
+Zhanyong Wan <wan@google.com>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/LICENSE b/tests/gtest/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1941a11f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/README b/tests/gtest/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..404bf3b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/gtest/README
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+Google C++ Testing Framework
+============================
+
+http://code.google.com/p/googletest/
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Google's framework for writing C++ tests on a variety of platforms
+(Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc).  Based on the
+xUnit architecture.  Supports automatic test discovery, a rich set of
+assertions, user-defined assertions, death tests, fatal and non-fatal
+failures, various options for running the tests, and XML test report
+generation.
+
+Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
+mailing list for questions, discussions, and development.  There is
+also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.  Please
+join us!
+
+Requirements for End Users
+--------------------------
+
+Google Test is designed to have fairly minimal requirements to build
+and use with your projects, but there are some.  Currently, we support
+Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Cygwin.  We will also make our best
+effort to support other platforms (e.g. Solaris, AIX, and z/OS).
+However, since core members of the Google Test project have no access
+to these platforms, Google Test may have outstanding issues there.  If
+you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
+googletestframework@googlegroups.com.  Patches for fixing them are
+even more welcome!
+
+### Linux Requirements ###
+
+These are the base requirements to build and use Google Test from a source
+package (as described below):
+  * GNU-compatible Make or gmake
+  * POSIX-standard shell
+  * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
+  * A C++98-standard-compliant compiler
+
+### Windows Requirements ###
+
+  * Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 or newer
+
+### Cygwin Requirements ###
+
+  * Cygwin 1.5.25-14 or newer
+
+### Mac OS X Requirements ###
+
+  * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
+  * Developer Tools Installed
+
+Also, you'll need CMake 2.6.4 or higher if you want to build the
+samples using the provided CMake script, regardless of the platform.
+
+Requirements for Contributors
+-----------------------------
+
+We welcome patches.  If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
+build Google Test and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described
+below), which has further requirements:
+
+  * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
+    re-generating certain source files from templates)
+  * CMake 2.6.4 or newer
+
+Getting the Source
+------------------
+
+There are two primary ways of getting Google Test's source code: you
+can download a stable source release in your preferred archive format,
+or directly check out the source from our Subversion (SVN) repository.
+The SVN checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
+packages on your system, but lets you track the latest development and
+make patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
+
+### Source Package ###
+
+Google Test is released in versioned source packages which can be
+downloaded from the download page [1].  Several different archive
+formats are provided, but the only difference is the tools used to
+manipulate them, and the size of the resulting file.  Download
+whichever you are most comfortable with.
+
+  [1] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/downloads/list
+
+Once the package is downloaded, expand it using whichever tools you
+prefer for that type.  This will result in a new directory with the
+name "gtest-X.Y.Z" which contains all of the source code.  Here are
+some examples on Linux:
+
+  tar -xvzf gtest-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
+  tar -xvjf gtest-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
+  unzip gtest-X.Y.Z.zip
+
+### SVN Checkout ###
+
+To check out the main branch (also known as the "trunk") of Google
+Test, run the following Subversion command:
+
+  svn checkout http://googletest.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gtest-svn
+
+Setting up the Build
+--------------------
+
+To build Google Test and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
+build system where to find its headers and source files.  The exact
+way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
+straightforward.
+
+### Generic Build Instructions ###
+
+Suppose you put Google Test in directory ${GTEST_DIR}.  To build it,
+create a library build target (or a project as called by Visual Studio
+and Xcode) to compile
+
+  ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+
+with ${GTEST_DIR}/include in the system header search path and ${GTEST_DIR}
+in the normal header search path.  Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
+something like the following will do:
+
+  g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
+      -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+  ar -rv libgtest.a gtest-all.o
+
+(We need -pthread as Google Test uses threads.)
+
+Next, you should compile your test source file with
+${GTEST_DIR}/include in the system header search path, and link it
+with gtest and any other necessary libraries:
+
+  g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgtest.a \
+      -o your_test
+
+As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
+use to build Google Test on systems where GNU make is available
+(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin).  It doesn't try to build Google
+Test's own tests.  Instead, it just builds the Google Test library and
+a sample test.  You can use it as a starting point for your own build
+script.
+
+If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
+following commands should succeed:
+
+  cd ${GTEST_DIR}/make
+  make
+  ./sample1_unittest
+
+If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make
+them go away.  There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do
+it.
+
+### Using CMake ###
+
+Google Test comes with a CMake build script (CMakeLists.txt) that can
+be used on a wide range of platforms ("C" stands for cross-platform.).
+If you don't have CMake installed already, you can download it for
+free from http://www.cmake.org/.
+
+CMake works by generating native makefiles or build projects that can
+be used in the compiler environment of your choice.  The typical
+workflow starts with:
+
+  mkdir mybuild       # Create a directory to hold the build output.
+  cd mybuild
+  cmake ${GTEST_DIR}  # Generate native build scripts.
+
+If you want to build Google Test's samples, you should replace the
+last command with
+
+  cmake -Dgtest_build_samples=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+If you are on a *nix system, you should now see a Makefile in the
+current directory.  Just type 'make' to build gtest.
+
+If you use Windows and have Visual Studio installed, a gtest.sln file
+and several .vcproj files will be created.  You can then build them
+using Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X with Xcode installed, a .xcodeproj file will be generated.
+
+### Legacy Build Scripts ###
+
+Before settling on CMake, we have been providing hand-maintained build
+projects/scripts for Visual Studio, Xcode, and Autotools.  While we
+continue to provide them for convenience, they are not actively
+maintained any more.  We highly recommend that you follow the
+instructions in the previous two sections to integrate Google Test
+with your existing build system.
+
+If you still need to use the legacy build scripts, here's how:
+
+The msvc\ folder contains two solutions with Visual C++ projects.
+Open the gtest.sln or gtest-md.sln file using Visual Studio, and you
+are ready to build Google Test the same way you build any Visual
+Studio project.  Files that have names ending with -md use DLL
+versions of Microsoft runtime libraries (the /MD or the /MDd compiler
+option).  Files without that suffix use static versions of the runtime
+libraries (the /MT or the /MTd option).  Please note that one must use
+the same option to compile both gtest and the test code.  If you use
+Visual Studio 2005 or above, we recommend the -md version as /MD is
+the default for new projects in these versions of Visual Studio.
+
+On Mac OS X, open the gtest.xcodeproj in the xcode/ folder using
+Xcode.  Build the "gtest" target.  The universal binary framework will
+end up in your selected build directory (selected in the Xcode
+"Preferences..." -> "Building" pane and defaults to xcode/build).
+Alternatively, at the command line, enter:
+
+  xcodebuild
+
+This will build the "Release" configuration of gtest.framework in your
+default build location.  See the "xcodebuild" man page for more
+information about building different configurations and building in
+different locations.
+
+If you wish to use the Google Test Xcode project with Xcode 4.x and
+above, you need to either:
+ * update the SDK configuration options in xcode/Config/General.xconfig.
+   Comment options SDKROOT, MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, and GCC_VERSION. If
+   you choose this route you lose the ability to target earlier versions
+   of MacOS X.
+ * Install an SDK for an earlier version. This doesn't appear to be
+   supported by Apple, but has been reported to work
+   (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5378518).
+
+Tweaking Google Test
+--------------------
+
+Google Test can be used in diverse environments.  The default
+configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
+some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Test by
+defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,
+these macros are named like GTEST_XYZ and you define them to either 1
+or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
+
+We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,
+see file include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h.
+
+### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
+
+Some Google Test features require the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1)
+tuple library, which is not yet available with all compilers.  The
+good news is that Google Test implements a subset of TR1 tuple that's
+enough for its own need, and will automatically use this when the
+compiler doesn't provide TR1 tuple.
+
+Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
+uses.  However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, you need to
+tell Google Test to use the same TR1 tuple library the rest of your
+project uses, or the two tuple implementations will clash.  To do
+that, add
+
+  -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test and your tests.  If
+you want to force Google Test to use its own tuple library, just add
+
+  -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
+
+to the compiler flags instead.
+
+If you don't want Google Test to use tuple at all, add
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+and all features using tuple will be disabled.
+
+### Multi-threaded Tests ###
+
+Google Test is thread-safe where the pthread library is available.
+After #include "gtest/gtest.h", you can check the GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+macro to see whether this is the case (yes if the macro is #defined to
+1, no if it's undefined.).
+
+If Google Test doesn't correctly detect whether pthread is available
+in your environment, you can force it with
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=1
+
+or
+
+  -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+
+When Google Test uses pthread, you may need to add flags to your
+compiler and/or linker to select the pthread library, or you'll get
+link errors.  If you use the CMake script or the deprecated Autotools
+script, this is taken care of for you.  If you use your own build
+script, you'll need to read your compiler and linker's manual to
+figure out what flags to add.
+
+### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
+
+Google Test is compact, so most users can build and link it as a
+static library for the simplicity.  You can choose to use Google Test
+as a shared library (known as a DLL on Windows) if you prefer.
+
+To compile *gtest* as a shared library, add
+
+  -DGTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.  You'll also need to tell the linker to produce
+a shared library instead - consult your linker's manual for how to do
+it.
+
+To compile your *tests* that use the gtest shared library, add
+
+  -DGTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY=1
+
+to the compiler flags.
+
+Note: while the above steps aren't technically necessary today when
+using some compilers (e.g. GCC), they may become necessary in the
+future, if we decide to improve the speed of loading the library (see
+http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility for details).  Therefore you are
+recommended to always add the above flags when using Google Test as a
+shared library.  Otherwise a future release of Google Test may break
+your build script.
+
+### Avoiding Macro Name Clashes ###
+
+In C++, macros don't obey namespaces.  Therefore two libraries that
+both define a macro of the same name will clash if you #include both
+definitions.  In case a Google Test macro clashes with another
+library, you can force Google Test to rename its macro to avoid the
+conflict.
+
+Specifically, if both Google Test and some other code define macro
+FOO, you can add
+
+  -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_FOO=1
+
+to the compiler flags to tell Google Test to change the macro's name
+from FOO to GTEST_FOO.  Currently FOO can be FAIL, SUCCEED, or TEST.
+For example, with -DGTEST_DONT_DEFINE_TEST=1, you'll need to write
+
+  GTEST_TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+instead of
+
+  TEST(SomeTest, DoesThis) { ... }
+
+in order to define a test.
+
+Upgrating from an Earlier Version
+---------------------------------
+
+We strive to keep Google Test releases backward compatible.
+Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
+users' long-term benefits.  This section describes what you'll need to
+do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Test.
+
+### Upgrading from 1.3.0 or Earlier ###
+
+You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
+tuple library.  See the instructions in section "Choosing a TR1 Tuple
+Library".
+
+### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
+
+The Autotools build script (configure + make) is no longer officially
+supportted.  You are encouraged to migrate to your own build system or
+use CMake.  If you still need to use Autotools, you can find
+instructions in the README file from Google Test 1.4.0.
+
+On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test uses
+it in order to be thread-safe.  See the "Multi-threaded Tests" section
+for what this means to your build script.
+
+If you use Microsoft Visual C++ 7.1 with exceptions disabled, Google
+Test will no longer compile.  This should affect very few people, as a
+large portion of STL (including <string>) doesn't compile in this mode
+anyway.  We decided to stop supporting it in order to greatly simplify
+Google Test's implementation.
+
+Developing Google Test
+----------------------
+
+This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Test.
+
+### Testing Google Test Itself ###
+
+To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
+functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
+For that you can use CMake:
+
+  mkdir mybuild
+  cd mybuild
+  cmake -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Make sure you have Python installed, as some of Google Test's tests
+are written in Python.  If the cmake command complains about not being
+able to find Python ("Could NOT find PythonInterp (missing:
+PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)"), try telling it explicitly where your Python
+executable can be found:
+
+  cmake -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=path/to/python -Dgtest_build_tests=ON ${GTEST_DIR}
+
+Next, you can build Google Test and all of its own tests.  On *nix,
+this is usually done by 'make'.  To run the tests, do
+
+  make test
+
+All tests should pass.
+
+### Regenerating Source Files ###
+
+Some of Google Test's source files are generated from templates (not
+in the C++ sense) using a script.  A template file is named FOO.pump,
+where FOO is the name of the file it will generate.  For example, the
+file include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump is used to generate
+gtest-type-util.h in the same directory.
+
+Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
+unless you need to modify them.  In that case, you should modify the
+corresponding .pump files instead and run the pump.py Python script to
+regenerate them.  You can find pump.py in the scripts/ directory.
+Read the Pump manual [2] for how to use it.
+
+  [2] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual
+
+### Contributing a Patch ###
+
+We welcome patches.  Please read the Google Test developer's guide [3]
+for how you can contribute.  In particular, make sure you have signed
+the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
+patch.
+
+  [3] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestDevGuide
+
+Happy testing!
diff --git a/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake b/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
index 7efc2ac79..93e6dbb7c 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
+++ b/tests/gtest/cmake/internal_utils.cmake
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ macro(fix_default_compiler_settings_)
 
       # We prefer more strict warning checking for building Google Test.
       # Replaces /W3 with /W4 in defaults.
-      string(REPLACE "/W3" "-W4" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+      string(REPLACE "/W3" "/W4" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
     endforeach()
   endif()
 endmacro()
@@ -55,7 +55,32 @@ macro(config_compiler_and_linker)
   if (MSVC)
     # Newlines inside flags variables break CMake's NMake generator.
     # TODO(vladl@google.com): Add -RTCs and -RTCu to debug builds.
-    set(cxx_base_flags "-GS -W4 -WX -wd4127 -wd4251 -wd4275 -nologo -J -Zi")
+    set(cxx_base_flags "-GS -W4 -WX -wd4251 -wd4275 -nologo -J -Zi")
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1400)  # 1400 is Visual Studio 2005
+      # Suppress spurious warnings MSVC 7.1 sometimes issues.
+      # Forcing value to bool.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4800")
+      # Copy constructor and assignment operator could not be generated.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4511 -wd4512")
+      # Compatibility warnings not applicable to Google Test.
+      # Resolved overload was found by argument-dependent lookup.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4675")
+    endif()
+    if (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1500)  # 1500 is Visual Studio 2008
+      # Conditional expression is constant.
+      # When compiling with /W4, we get several instances of C4127
+      # (Conditional expression is constant). In our code, we disable that
+      # warning on a case-by-case basis. However, on Visual Studio 2005,
+      # the warning fires on std::list. Therefore on that compiler and earlier,
+      # we disable the warning project-wide.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4127")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT (MSVC_VERSION LESS 1700))  # 1700 is Visual Studio 2012.
+      # Suppress "unreachable code" warning on VS 2012 and later.
+      # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3232669 explains the issue.
+      set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -wd4702")
+    endif()
+
     set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -D_UNICODE -DUNICODE -DWIN32 -D_WIN32")
     set(cxx_base_flags "${cxx_base_flags} -DSTRICT -DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN")
     set(cxx_exception_flags "-EHsc -D_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=1")
@@ -69,7 +94,8 @@ macro(config_compiler_and_linker)
     # whether RTTI is enabled.  Therefore we define GTEST_HAS_RTTI
     # explicitly.
     set(cxx_no_rtti_flags "-fno-rtti -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0")
-    set(cxx_strict_flags "-Wextra")
+    set(cxx_strict_flags
+      "-Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers")
   elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "SunPro")
     set(cxx_exception_flags "-features=except")
     # Sun Pro doesn't provide macros to indicate whether exceptions and
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index a27883f0a..957a69c6a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -51,6 +51,17 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+GTEST_API_ bool InDeathTestChild();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // The following macros are useful for writing death tests.
 
 // Here's what happens when an ASSERT_DEATH* or EXPECT_DEATH* is
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 //   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 //     EXPECT_DEATH(server.ProcessRequest(i),
 //                  "Invalid request .* in ProcessRequest()")
-//         << "Failed to die on request " << i);
+//                  << "Failed to die on request " << i;
 //   }
 //
 //   ASSERT_EXIT(server.ExitNow(), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(0), "Exiting");
@@ -245,10 +256,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 # ifdef NDEBUG
 
 #  define EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 #  define ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
-  do { statement; } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
+  GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)
 
 # else
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
index 9b7142f32..fe879bca7 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+// Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
+// See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
+void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -87,15 +90,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
  public:
   // Constructs an empty Message.
-  // We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
-  // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
-  // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
-  // the stack space.
-  Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
-    // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
-    // a double to a Message.
-    *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
-  }
+  Message();
 
   // Copy constructor.
   Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {  // NOLINT
@@ -118,7 +113,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
   template <typename T>
   inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), val);
+    // Some libraries overload << for STL containers.  These
+    // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
+    //
+    // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
+    // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
+    // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
+    // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
+    //
+    // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
+    // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
+    // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
+    // from the global namespace.  With this using declaration,
+    // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
+    // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << val;
     return *this;
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +150,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
     return *this;
   }
@@ -164,12 +174,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
 
   // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
   // using the UTF-8 encoding.
-  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
-  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-    return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
-  }
+  Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
   // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
@@ -183,13 +189,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
-  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as a String.
+  // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
   // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::String GetString() const {
-    return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
-  }
+  std::string GetString() const;
 
  private:
 
@@ -199,16 +203,20 @@ class GTEST_API_ Message {
   // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
   // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*dummy*/, T* pointer) {
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
     if (pointer == NULL) {
       *ss_ << "(null)";
     } else {
-      ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), pointer);
+      *ss_ << pointer;
     }
   }
   template <typename T>
-  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*dummy*/, const T& value) {
-    ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_.get(), value);
+  inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
+                           const T& value) {
+    // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
+    // we need this using statement.
+    using ::operator <<;
+    *ss_ << value;
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
@@ -225,6 +233,18 @@ inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
   return os << sb.GetString();
 }
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Converts a streamable value to an std::string.  A NULL pointer is
+// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
+// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
+// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
+template <typename T>
+std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
+  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index 6407cfd68..d6702c8f1 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
index 401cb513a..2dc9303b5 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ inline internal::ParamGenerator<bool> Bool() {
 // Boolean flags:
 //
 // class FlagDependentTest
-//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple(bool, bool)> > {
+//     : public testing::TestWithParam<tuple<bool, bool> > {
 //   virtual void SetUp() {
 //     // Assigns external_flag_1 and external_flag_2 values from the tuple.
 //     tie(external_flag_1, external_flag_2) = GetParam();
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
index 9cbab3ff4..18ee7bc64 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>
+#endif
+
 namespace testing {
 
 // Definitions in the 'internal' and 'internal2' name spaces are
@@ -480,14 +484,16 @@ inline void PrintTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ::std::ostream* os) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
-// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
-// which are packed as tuples.
-
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
 // a tuple type.
 template <typename T>
 void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+// Overload for ::std::tr1::tuple.  Needed for printing function arguments,
+// which are packed as tuples.
 
 // Overloaded PrintTo() for tuples of various arities.  We support
 // tuples of up-to 10 fields.  The following implementation works
@@ -561,6 +567,13 @@ void PrintTo(
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+void PrintTo(const ::std::tuple<Types...>& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  PrintTupleTo(t, os);
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
 // Overload for std::pair.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 void PrintTo(const ::std::pair<T1, T2>& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
@@ -580,10 +593,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   // Note: we deliberately don't call this PrintTo(), as that name
   // conflicts with ::testing::internal::PrintTo in the body of the
@@ -600,9 +610,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter {
     PrintTo(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // UniversalPrintArray(begin, len, os) prints an array of 'len'
@@ -630,9 +638,12 @@ void UniversalPrintArray(const T* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os) {
   }
 }
 // This overload prints a (const) char array compactly.
-GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin,
-                                    size_t len,
-                                    ::std::ostream* os);
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const char* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
+
+// This overload prints a (const) wchar_t array compactly.
+GTEST_API_ void UniversalPrintArray(
+    const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ::std::ostream* os);
 
 // Implements printing an array type T[N].
 template <typename T, size_t N>
@@ -651,10 +662,7 @@ class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
  public:
   // MSVC warns about adding const to a function type, so we want to
   // disable the warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4180)  // Temporarily disables warning 4180.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4180)
 
   static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
     // Prints the address of the value.  We use reinterpret_cast here
@@ -665,27 +673,78 @@ class UniversalPrinter<T&> {
     UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 };
 
 // Prints a value tersely: for a reference type, the referenced value
 // (but not the address) is printed; for a (const) char pointer, the
 // NUL-terminated string (but not the pointer) is printed.
+
 template <typename T>
-void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrint(value, os);
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    *os << "NULL";
-  } else {
-    UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+class UniversalTersePrinter {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
   }
-}
-inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalTersePrint(static_cast<const char*>(str), os);
+};
+template <typename T>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T&> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrint(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<T[N]> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const T (&value)[N], ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalPrinter<T[N]>::Print(value, os);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(string(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<char*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const char*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(const wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    if (str == NULL) {
+      *os << "NULL";
+    } else {
+      UniversalPrint(::std::wstring(str), os);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <>
+class UniversalTersePrinter<wchar_t*> {
+ public:
+  static void Print(wchar_t* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
+    UniversalTersePrinter<const wchar_t*>::Print(str, os);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void UniversalTersePrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
+  UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
 // Prints a value using the type inferred by the compiler.  The
@@ -694,19 +753,71 @@ inline void UniversalTersePrint(char* str, ::std::ostream* os) {
 // NUL-terminated string.
 template <typename T>
 void UniversalPrint(const T& value, ::std::ostream* os) {
-  UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, os);
+  // A workarond for the bug in VC++ 7.1 that prevents us from instantiating
+  // UniversalPrinter with T directly.
+  typedef T T1;
+  UniversalPrinter<T1>::Print(value, os);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 typedef ::std::vector<string> Strings;
 
+// TuplePolicy<TupleT> must provide:
+// - tuple_size
+//     size of tuple TupleT.
+// - get<size_t I>(const TupleT& t)
+//     static function extracting element I of tuple TupleT.
+// - tuple_element<size_t I>::type
+//     type of element I of tuple TupleT.
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy;
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+template <typename TupleT>
+struct TuplePolicy {
+  typedef TupleT Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static typename AddReference<
+      const typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type>::type get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::tr1::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename TupleT>
+const size_t TuplePolicy<TupleT>::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+template <typename... Types>
+struct TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> > {
+  typedef ::std::tuple<Types...> Tuple;
+  static const size_t tuple_size = ::std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value;
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  struct tuple_element : ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple> {};
+
+  template <size_t I>
+  static const typename ::std::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type& get(
+      const Tuple& tuple) {
+    return ::std::get<I>(tuple);
+  }
+};
+template <typename... Types>
+const size_t TuplePolicy< ::std::tuple<Types...> >::tuple_size;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 // This helper template allows PrintTo() for tuples and
 // UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings() to be defined by
 // induction on the number of tuple fields.  The idea is that
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os) prints the first N
 // fields in tuple t, and can be defined in terms of
 // TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>.
-
+//
 // The inductive case.
 template <size_t N>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
@@ -714,9 +825,14 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
-    *os << ", ";
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<N - 1, Tuple>::type>
-        ::Print(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), os);
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+    if (N > 1) {
+    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+      *os << ", ";
+    }
+    UniversalPrinter<
+        typename TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template tuple_element<N - 1>::type>
+        ::Print(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), os);
   }
 
   // Tersely prints the first N fields of a tuple to a string vector,
@@ -725,12 +841,12 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter {
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
     TuplePrefixPrinter<N - 1>::TersePrintPrefixToStrings(t, strings);
     ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
+    UniversalTersePrint(TuplePolicy<Tuple>::template get<N - 1>(t), &ss);
     strings->push_back(ss.str());
   }
 };
 
-// Base cases.
+// Base case.
 template <>
 struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
   template <typename Tuple>
@@ -739,34 +855,13 @@ struct TuplePrefixPrinter<0> {
   template <typename Tuple>
   static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple&, Strings*) {}
 };
-// We have to specialize the entire TuplePrefixPrinter<> class
-// template here, even though the definition of
-// TersePrintPrefixToStrings() is the same as the generic version, as
-// Embarcadero (formerly CodeGear, formerly Borland) C++ doesn't
-// support specializing a method template of a class template.
-template <>
-struct TuplePrefixPrinter<1> {
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void PrintPrefixTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
-    UniversalPrinter<typename ::std::tr1::tuple_element<0, Tuple>::type>::
-        Print(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), os);
-  }
 
-  template <typename Tuple>
-  static void TersePrintPrefixToStrings(const Tuple& t, Strings* strings) {
-    ::std::stringstream ss;
-    UniversalTersePrint(::std::tr1::get<0>(t), &ss);
-    strings->push_back(ss.str());
-  }
-};
-
-// Helper function for printing a tuple.  T must be instantiated with
-// a tuple type.
-template <typename T>
-void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
+// Helper function for printing a tuple.
+// Tuple must be either std::tr1::tuple or std::tuple type.
+template <typename Tuple>
+void PrintTupleTo(const Tuple& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
   *os << "(";
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<T>::value>::
-      PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::PrintPrefixTo(t, os);
   *os << ")";
 }
 
@@ -776,18 +871,18 @@ void PrintTupleTo(const T& t, ::std::ostream* os) {
 template <typename Tuple>
 Strings UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(const Tuple& value) {
   Strings result;
-  TuplePrefixPrinter< ::std::tr1::tuple_size<Tuple>::value>::
+  TuplePrefixPrinter<TuplePolicy<Tuple>::tuple_size>::
       TersePrintPrefixToStrings(value, &result);
   return result;
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
 template <typename T>
 ::std::string PrintToString(const T& value) {
   ::std::stringstream ss;
-  internal::UniversalTersePrint(value, &ss);
+  internal::UniversalTersePrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
   return ss.str();
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
index b226e5504..f63fa9a1b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-spi.h
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
         (substr));\
     {\
       ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
-          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS,\
+          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, \
           &gtest_failures);\
       if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
     }\
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
index 8aeea1498..77eb84483 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest-test-part.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
                  int a_line_number,
                  const char* a_message)
       : type_(a_type),
-        file_name_(a_file_name),
+        file_name_(a_file_name == NULL ? "" : a_file_name),
         line_number_(a_line_number),
         summary_(ExtractSummary(a_message)),
         message_(a_message) {
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
 
   // Gets the name of the source file where the test part took place, or
   // NULL if it's unknown.
-  const char* file_name() const { return file_name_.c_str(); }
+  const char* file_name() const {
+    return file_name_.empty() ? NULL : file_name_.c_str();
+  }
 
   // Gets the line in the source file where the test part took place,
   // or -1 if it's unknown.
@@ -96,21 +98,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestPartResult {
 
   // Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
   bool fatally_failed() const { return type_ == kFatalFailure; }
+
  private:
   Type type_;
 
   // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack
   // trace in it.
-  static internal::String ExtractSummary(const char* message);
+  static std::string ExtractSummary(const char* message);
 
   // The name of the source file where the test part took place, or
-  // NULL if the source file is unknown.
-  internal::String file_name_;
+  // "" if the source file is unknown.
+  std::string file_name_;
   // The line in the source file where the test part took place, or -1
   // if the line number is unknown.
   int line_number_;
-  internal::String summary_;  // The test failure summary.
-  internal::String message_;  // The test failure message.
+  std::string summary_;  // The test failure summary.
+  std::string message_;  // The test failure message.
 };
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index 1e5154715..71d552e1a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <ostream>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
@@ -69,14 +70,14 @@
 // class ::string, which has the same interface as ::std::string, but
 // has a different implementation.
 //
-// The user can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
+// You can define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that
 // ::string is available AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or
 // define it to 0 to indicate otherwise.
 //
-// If the user's ::std::string and ::string are the same class due to
-// aliasing, he should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
+// If ::std::string and ::string are the same class on your platform
+// due to aliasing, you should define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
 //
-// If the user doesn't define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
+// If you do not define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, it is defined
 // heuristically.
 
 namespace testing {
@@ -153,25 +154,15 @@ class ExecDeathTest;
 class NoExecDeathTest;
 class FinalSuccessChecker;
 class GTestFlagSaver;
+class StreamingListenerTest;
 class TestResultAccessor;
 class TestEventListenersAccessor;
 class TestEventRepeater;
+class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
 class WindowsDeathTest;
 class UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl();
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared in gtest-internal.h but defined here, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
-  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
-}
+                                    const std::string& message);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
@@ -267,8 +258,31 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   // Copy constructor.
   // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
   AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other);
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 /* forcing value to bool */)
+
   // Used in the EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(bool_expression).
-  explicit AssertionResult(bool success) : success_(success) {}
+  //
+  // T must be contextually convertible to bool.
+  //
+  // The second parameter prevents this overload from being considered if
+  // the argument is implicitly convertible to AssertionResult. In that case
+  // we want AssertionResult's copy constructor to be used.
+  template <typename T>
+  explicit AssertionResult(
+      const T& success,
+      typename internal::EnableIf<
+          !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, AssertionResult>::value>::type*
+          /*enabler*/ = NULL)
+      : success_(success) {}
+
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  AssertionResult& operator=(AssertionResult other) {
+    swap(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
 
   // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
   operator bool() const { return success_; }  // NOLINT
@@ -309,6 +323,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
     message_->append(a_message.GetString().c_str());
   }
 
+  // Swap the contents of this AssertionResult with other.
+  void swap(AssertionResult& other);
+
   // Stores result of the assertion predicate.
   bool success_;
   // Stores the message describing the condition in case the expectation
@@ -316,8 +333,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertionResult {
   // Referenced via a pointer to avoid taking too much stack frame space
   // with test assertions.
   internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::string> message_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AssertionResult);
 };
 
 // Makes a successful assertion result.
@@ -344,8 +359,8 @@ GTEST_API_ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);
 //
 //   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
 //    protected:
-//     virtual void SetUp() { ... }
-//     virtual void TearDown() { ... }
+//     void SetUp() override { ... }
+//     void TearDown() override { ... }
 //     ...
 //   };
 //
@@ -391,20 +406,21 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
   // non-fatal) failure.
   static bool HasFailure() { return HasFatalFailure() || HasNonfatalFailure(); }
 
-  // Logs a property for the current test.  Only the last value for a given
-  // key is remembered.
-  // These are public static so they can be called from utility functions
-  // that are not members of the test fixture.
-  // The arguments are const char* instead strings, as Google Test is used
-  // on platforms where string doesn't compile.
-  //
-  // Note that a driving consideration for these RecordProperty methods
-  // was to produce xml output suited to the Greenspan charting utility,
-  // which at present will only chart values that fit in a 32-bit int. It
-  // is the user's responsibility to restrict their values to 32-bit ints
-  // if they intend them to be used with Greenspan.
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value);
-  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, int value);
+  // Logs a property for the current test, test case, or for the entire
+  // invocation of the test program when used outside of the context of a
+  // test case.  Only the last value for a given key is remembered.  These
+  // are public static so they can be called from utility functions that are
+  // not members of the test fixture.  Calls to RecordProperty made during
+  // lifespan of the test (from the moment its constructor starts to the
+  // moment its destructor finishes) will be output in XML as attributes of
+  // the <testcase> element.  Properties recorded from fixture's
+  // SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase are logged as attributes of the
+  // corresponding <testsuite> element.  Calls to RecordProperty made in the
+  // global context (before or after invocation of RUN_ALL_TESTS and from
+  // SetUp/TearDown method of Environment objects registered with Google
+  // Test) will be output as attributes of the <testsuites> element.
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+  static void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value);
 
  protected:
   // Creates a Test object.
@@ -439,17 +455,17 @@ class GTEST_API_ Test {
   // Uses a GTestFlagSaver to save and restore all Google Test flags.
   const internal::GTestFlagSaver* const gtest_flag_saver_;
 
-  // Often a user mis-spells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
+  // Often a user misspells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
   // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
   // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
   // compile time:
   //
   //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
-  //   will be a conflict if a user declares void Setup() in his test
-  //   fixture.
+  //   will be a conflict if void Setup() is declared in the user's
+  //   test fixture.
   //
   //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
-  //   if a user calls it from his test fixture.
+  //   if the method is called from the user's test fixture.
   //
   // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
   //
@@ -473,7 +489,7 @@ class TestProperty {
   // C'tor.  TestProperty does NOT have a default constructor.
   // Always use this constructor (with parameters) to create a
   // TestProperty object.
-  TestProperty(const char* a_key, const char* a_value) :
+  TestProperty(const std::string& a_key, const std::string& a_value) :
     key_(a_key), value_(a_value) {
   }
 
@@ -488,15 +504,15 @@ class TestProperty {
   }
 
   // Sets a new value, overriding the one supplied in the constructor.
-  void SetValue(const char* new_value) {
+  void SetValue(const std::string& new_value) {
     value_ = new_value;
   }
 
  private:
   // The key supplied by the user.
-  internal::String key_;
+  std::string key_;
   // The value supplied by the user.
-  internal::String value_;
+  std::string value_;
 };
 
 // The result of a single Test.  This includes a list of
@@ -547,6 +563,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
 
  private:
   friend class TestInfo;
+  friend class TestCase;
   friend class UnitTest;
   friend class internal::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter;
   friend class internal::ExecDeathTest;
@@ -571,13 +588,16 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestResult {
   // a non-fatal failure if invalid (e.g., if it conflicts with reserved
   // key names). If a property is already recorded for the same key, the
   // value will be updated, rather than storing multiple values for the same
-  // key.
-  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  // key.  xml_element specifies the element for which the property is being
+  // recorded and is used for validation.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                      const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
   // testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
   // TODO(russr): Validate attribute names are legal and human readable.
-  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+  static bool ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                   const TestProperty& test_property);
 
   // Adds a test part result to the list.
   void AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
@@ -650,9 +670,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not disabled
-  // (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has been specified)
-  // and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
+  // Returns true if this test should run, that is if the test is not
+  // disabled (or it is disabled but the also_run_disabled_tests flag has
+  // been specified) and its full name matches the user-specified filter.
   //
   // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
   // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
@@ -668,22 +688,28 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
-  // Returns true if the test was filtered out by --gtest_filter
-  bool filtered_out() const { return !matches_filter_; }
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  bool is_reportable() const {
+    // For now, the XML report includes all tests matching the filter.
+    // In the future, we may trim tests that are excluded because of
+    // sharding.
+    return matches_filter_;
+  }
 
   // Returns the result of the test.
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
-
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
   friend class TestCase;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
   friend TestInfo* internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-      const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+      const char* test_case_name,
+      const char* name,
       const char* type_param,
       const char* value_param,
       internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -693,9 +719,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
 
   // Constructs a TestInfo object. The newly constructed instance assumes
   // ownership of the factory object.
-  TestInfo(const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
-           const char* a_type_param,
-           const char* a_value_param,
+  TestInfo(const std::string& test_case_name,
+           const std::string& name,
+           const char* a_type_param,   // NULL if not a type-parameterized test
+           const char* a_value_param,  // NULL if not a value-parameterized test
            internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
            internal::TestFactoryBase* factory);
 
@@ -775,18 +802,21 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   // Returns true if any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run() const { return should_run_; }
 
-  // Returns true if this test case should be skipped in the report.
-  bool should_skip_report() const { return should_skip_report_; }
-
   // Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
   int successful_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
@@ -806,6 +836,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   // total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult that holds test properties recorded during
+  // execution of SetUpTestCase and TearDownTestCase.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const { return ad_hoc_test_result_; }
+
  private:
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
@@ -824,7 +858,6 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
 
   // Sets the should_run member.
   void set_should_run(bool should) { should_run_ = should; }
-  void set_should_skip_report(bool should) { should_skip_report_ = should; }
 
   // Adds a TestInfo to this test case.  Will delete the TestInfo upon
   // destruction of the TestCase object.
@@ -859,11 +892,22 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
     return test_info->should_run() && test_info->result()->Failed();
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff the test is disabled and will be reported in the XML
+  // report.
+  static bool TestReportableDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable() && test_info->is_disabled_;
+  }
+
   // Returns true iff test is disabled.
   static bool TestDisabled(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->is_disabled_;
   }
 
+  // Returns true iff this test will appear in the XML report.
+  static bool TestReportable(const TestInfo* test_info) {
+    return test_info->is_reportable();
+  }
+
   // Returns true if the given test should run.
   static bool ShouldRunTest(const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->should_run();
@@ -876,7 +920,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   void UnshuffleTests();
 
   // Name of the test case.
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
   // Name of the parameter type, or NULL if this is not a typed or a
   // type-parameterized test.
   const internal::scoped_ptr<const ::std::string> type_param_;
@@ -893,17 +937,18 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestCase {
   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc_;
   // True iff any test in this test case should run.
   bool should_run_;
-  // True if this test case should not be reported
-  bool should_skip_report_;
   // Elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
+  // Holds test properties recorded during execution of SetUpTestCase and
+  // TearDownTestCase.
+  TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;
 
   // We disallow copying TestCases.
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestCase);
 };
 
 // An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
-// environment.  The user should subclass this to define his own
+// environment.  You should subclass this to define your own
 // environment(s).
 //
 // An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
@@ -1116,11 +1161,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
 
   // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestCase* current_test_case() const;
+  const TestCase* current_test_case() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
   // or NULL if no test is running.
-  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const;
+  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
   int random_seed() const;
@@ -1130,7 +1177,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
   //
   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
-  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry();
+  internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 
   // Gets the number of successful test cases.
@@ -1152,15 +1200,25 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const;
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const;
 
@@ -1175,6 +1233,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
   const TestCase* GetTestCase(int i) const;
 
+  // Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+  // properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+  const TestResult& ad_hoc_test_result() const;
+
   // Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
   // inside Google Test.
   TestEventListeners& listeners();
@@ -1198,12 +1260,16 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                          const char* file_name,
                          int line_number,
-                         const internal::String& message,
-                         const internal::String& os_stack_trace);
+                         const std::string& message,
+                         const std::string& os_stack_trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
-  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object. If the result already
-  // contains a property with the same key, the value will be updated.
-  void RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key, const char* value);
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+  // inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+  // from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+  // when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+  // the same key, the value will be updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
 
   // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
   // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
@@ -1218,11 +1284,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
   friend class Test;
   friend class internal::AssertHelper;
   friend class internal::ScopedTrace;
+  friend class internal::StreamingListenerTest;
+  friend class internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper;
   friend Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env);
   friend internal::UnitTestImpl* internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
   friend void internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
       TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-      const internal::String& message);
+      const std::string& message);
 
   // Creates an empty UnitTest.
   UnitTest();
@@ -1232,10 +1300,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTest {
 
   // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
   // Google Test trace stack.
-  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace);
+  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-  void PopGTestTrace();
+  void PopGTestTrace()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
   // methods need to lock it too.
@@ -1290,24 +1360,115 @@ GTEST_API_ void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 namespace internal {
 
+// FormatForComparison<ToPrint, OtherOperand>::Format(value) formats a
+// value of type ToPrint that is an operand of a comparison assertion
+// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ).  OtherOperand is the type of the other operand in
+// the comparison, and is used to help determine the best way to
+// format the value.  In particular, when the value is a C string
+// (char pointer) and the other operand is an STL string object, we
+// want to format the C string as a string, since we know it is
+// compared by value with the string object.  If the value is a char
+// pointer but the other operand is not an STL string object, we don't
+// know whether the pointer is supposed to point to a NUL-terminated
+// string, and thus want to print it as a pointer to be safe.
+//
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
+// The default case.
+template <typename ToPrint, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint& value) {
+    return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Array.
+template <typename ToPrint, size_t N, typename OtherOperand>
+class FormatForComparison<ToPrint[N], OtherOperand> {
+ public:
+  static ::std::string Format(const ToPrint* value) {
+    return FormatForComparison<const ToPrint*, OtherOperand>::Format(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// By default, print C string as pointers to be safe, as we don't know
+// whether they actually point to a NUL-terminated string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(CharType)                \
+  template <typename OtherOperand>                                      \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherOperand> {                  \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(value)); \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const char);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(wchar_t);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_(const wchar_t);
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_POINTER_
+
+// If a C string is compared with an STL string object, we know it's meant
+// to point to a NUL-terminated string, and thus can print it as a string.
+
+#define GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(CharType, OtherStringType) \
+  template <>                                                           \
+  class FormatForComparison<CharType*, OtherStringType> {               \
+   public:                                                              \
+    static ::std::string Format(CharType* value) {                      \
+      return ::testing::PrintToString(value);                           \
+    }                                                                   \
+  }
+
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::std::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::std::string);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(char, ::string);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const char, ::string);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_(const wchar_t, ::std::wstring);
+#endif
+
+#undef GTEST_IMPL_FORMAT_C_STRING_AS_STRING_
+
 // Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
 // operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
 // of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
 // print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
-// char*, and print it as a C string when it is compared against an
-// std::string object, for example.
-//
-// The default implementation ignores the type of the other operand.
-// Some specialized versions are used to handle formatting wide or
-// narrow C strings.
+// char* or void*, and print it as a C string when it is compared
+// against an std::string object, for example.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
-String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(const T1& value,
-                                         const T2& /* other_operand */) {
-  // C++Builder compiles this incorrectly if the namespace isn't explicitly
-  // given.
-  return ::testing::PrintToString(value);
+std::string FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(
+    const T1& value, const T2& /* other_operand */) {
+  return FormatForComparison<T1, T2>::Format(value);
+}
+
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperEQ. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_* in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperEQFailure(const char* expected_expression,
+                                   const char* actual_expression,
+                                   const T1& expected, const T2& actual) {
+  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
+                   actual_expression,
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
+                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
+                   false);
 }
 
 // The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
@@ -1316,25 +1477,14 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                             const char* actual_expression,
                             const T1& expected,
                             const T2& actual) {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4389)  // Temporarily disables warning on
-                               // signed/unsigned mismatch.
-#endif
-
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4389 /* signed/unsigned mismatch */)
   if (expected == actual) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)          // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
-
-  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
-                   actual_expression,
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
-                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
-                   false);
+  return CmpHelperEQFailure(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
+                            actual);
 }
 
 // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
@@ -1422,6 +1572,19 @@ class EqHelper<true> {
   }
 };
 
+// Separate the error generating code from the code path to reduce the stack
+// frame size of CmpHelperOP. This helps reduce the overhead of some sanitizers
+// when calling EXPECT_OP in a tight loop.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+AssertionResult CmpHelperOpFailure(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
+                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2,
+                                   const char* op) {
+  return AssertionFailure()
+         << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " << op << " (" << expr2
+         << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)
+         << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);
+}
+
 // A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
 // ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
 // of similar code.
@@ -1432,6 +1595,7 @@ class EqHelper<true> {
 // with gcc 4.
 //
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
+
 #define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
 template <typename T1, typename T2>\
 AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
@@ -1439,10 +1603,7 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
   if (val1 op val2) {\
     return AssertionSuccess();\
   } else {\
-    return AssertionFailure() \
-        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
-        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
-        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
+    return CmpHelperOpFailure(expr1, expr2, val1, val2, #op);\
   }\
 }\
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(\
@@ -1455,11 +1616,11 @@ GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
 GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=);
 // Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
-GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > );
+GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >);
 
 #undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
 
@@ -1623,9 +1784,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ AssertHelper {
         : type(t), file(srcfile), line(line_num), message(msg) { }
 
     TestPartResult::Type const type;
-    const char*        const file;
-    int                const line;
-    String             const message;
+    const char* const file;
+    int const line;
+    std::string const message;
 
    private:
     GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AssertHelperData);
@@ -1684,7 +1845,12 @@ class WithParamInterface {
   // references static data, to reduce the opportunity for incorrect uses
   // like writing 'WithParamInterface<bool>::GetParam()' for a test that
   // uses a fixture whose parameter type is int.
-  const ParamType& GetParam() const { return *parameter_; }
+  const ParamType& GetParam() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(parameter_ != NULL)
+        << "GetParam() can only be called inside a value-parameterized test "
+        << "-- did you intend to write TEST_P instead of TEST_F?";
+    return *parameter_;
+  }
 
  private:
   // Sets parameter value. The caller is responsible for making sure the value
@@ -1730,12 +1896,6 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 // usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
 // writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
 // and EXPECT_* more.
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//   EXPECT_TRUE(server.StatusIsOK());
-//   ASSERT_FALSE(server.HasPendingRequest(port))
-//       << "There are still pending requests " << "on port " << port;
 
 // Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
 #define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_("Failed")
@@ -1909,7 +2069,7 @@ class TestWithParam : public Test, public WithParamInterface<T> {
 # define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) GTEST_ASSERT_GT(val1, val2)
 #endif
 
-// C String Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
+// C-string Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
 // as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
 //
 //    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
@@ -2093,8 +2253,8 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
 // The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
 // example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
 //
-// The user should put his test code between braces after using this
-// macro.  Example:
+// Test code should appear between braces after an invocation of
+// this macro.  Example:
 //
 //   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
 //     Foo foo;
@@ -2150,15 +2310,20 @@ bool StaticAssertTypeEq() {
   GTEST_TEST_(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture, \
               ::testing::internal::GetTypeId<test_fixture>())
 
-// Use this macro in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
+}  // namespace testing
+
+// Use this function in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
 // tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
 //
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
 // parsed by InitGoogleTest().
+//
+// This function was formerly a macro; thus, it is in the global
+// namespace and has an all-caps name.
+int RUN_ALL_TESTS() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
 
-#define RUN_ALL_TESTS()\
-  (::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run())
-
-}  // namespace testing
+inline int RUN_ALL_TESTS() {
+  return ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run();
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
index 3805f85bd..30ae712f5 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 09/24/2010 by command
+// This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED on 10/31/2011 by command
 // 'gen_gtest_pred_impl.py 5'.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!
 //
 // Implements a family of generic predicate assertion macros.
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred1Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT1.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT1_(pred_format, v1, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, v1), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED1.  Don't use
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred2Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT2_(pred_format, v1, v2, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, v1, v2), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED2.  Don't use
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred3Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT3.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT3_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, v1, v2, v3), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED3.  Don't use
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred4Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT4.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT4_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, v1, v2, v3, v4), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED4.  Don't use
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ AssertionResult AssertPred5Helper(const char* pred_text,
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT5.
 // Don't use this in your code.
 #define GTEST_PRED_FORMAT5_(pred_format, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, on_failure)\
-  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5),\
+  GTEST_ASSERT_(pred_format(#v1, #v2, #v3, #v4, #v5, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5), \
                 on_failure)
 
 // Internal macro for implementing {EXPECT|ASSERT}_PRED5.  Don't use
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index 1d9f83b65..2b3a78f5b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ class GTEST_API_ DeathTest {
   // the last death test.
   static const char* LastMessage();
 
-  static void set_last_death_test_message(const String& message);
+  static void set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message);
 
  private:
   // A string containing a description of the outcome of the last death test.
-  static String last_death_test_message_;
+  static std::string last_death_test_message_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DeathTest);
 };
@@ -217,12 +217,23 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status);
 // The symbol "fail" here expands to something into which a message
 // can be streamed.
 
+// This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
+// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
+// is never printed.
+# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
+     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else \
+    ::testing::Message()
+
 // A class representing the parsed contents of the
 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag, as it existed when
 // RUN_ALL_TESTS was called.
 class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
  public:
-  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const String& a_file,
+  InternalRunDeathTestFlag(const std::string& a_file,
                            int a_line,
                            int an_index,
                            int a_write_fd)
@@ -234,13 +245,13 @@ class InternalRunDeathTestFlag {
       posix::Close(write_fd_);
   }
 
-  String file() const { return file_; }
+  const std::string& file() const { return file_; }
   int line() const { return line_; }
   int index() const { return index_; }
   int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
 
  private:
-  String file_;
+  std::string file_;
   int line_;
   int index_;
   int write_fd_;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
index b36b3cf21..7a13b4b0d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h
@@ -61,11 +61,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
   FilePath() : pathname_("") { }
   FilePath(const FilePath& rhs) : pathname_(rhs.pathname_) { }
 
-  explicit FilePath(const char* pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
-    Normalize();
-  }
-
-  explicit FilePath(const String& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
+  explicit FilePath(const std::string& pathname) : pathname_(pathname) {
     Normalize();
   }
 
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
     pathname_ = rhs.pathname_;
   }
 
-  String ToString() const { return pathname_; }
+  const std::string& string() const { return pathname_; }
   const char* c_str() const { return pathname_.c_str(); }
 
   // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
@@ -111,8 +107,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
                                          const FilePath& base_name,
                                          const char* extension);
 
-  // Returns true iff the path is NULL or "".
-  bool IsEmpty() const { return c_str() == NULL || *c_str() == '\0'; }
+  // Returns true iff the path is "".
+  bool IsEmpty() const { return pathname_.empty(); }
 
   // If input name has a trailing separator character, removes it and returns
   // the name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ FilePath {
   // separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
   const char* FindLastPathSeparator() const;
 
-  String pathname_;
+  std::string pathname_;
 };  // class FilePath
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index ad5369d61..ba7175cf0 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -44,18 +44,22 @@
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/wait.h>
 # include <unistd.h>
-# include <signal.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-# include <sys/socket.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# include <stdexcept>
+#endif
 
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
 #include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h"
@@ -71,36 +75,6 @@
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
 
-// Google Test defines the testing::Message class to allow construction of
-// test messages via the << operator.  The idea is that anything
-// streamable to std::ostream can be streamed to a testing::Message.
-// This allows a user to use his own types in Google Test assertions by
-// overloading the << operator.
-//
-// util/gtl/stl_logging-inl.h overloads << for STL containers.  These
-// overloads cannot be defined in the std namespace, as that will be
-// undefined behavior.  Therefore, they are defined in the global
-// namespace instead.
-//
-// C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
-// overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
-// namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
-// namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
-//
-// To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
-// defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test assertions,
-// testing::Message must access the custom << operator from the global
-// namespace.  Hence this helper function.
-//
-// Note: Jeffrey Yasskin suggested an alternative fix by "using
-// ::operator<<;" in the definition of Message's operator<<.  That fix
-// doesn't require a helper function, but unfortunately doesn't
-// compile with MSVC.
-template <typename T>
-inline void GTestStreamToHelper(std::ostream* os, const T& val) {
-  *os << val;
-}
-
 class ProtocolMessage;
 namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
@@ -126,17 +100,12 @@ class TestInfoImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of TestInfo
 class UnitTestImpl;                    // Opaque implementation of UnitTest
 
 // How many times InitGoogleTest() has been called.
-extern int g_init_gtest_count;
+GTEST_API_ extern int g_init_gtest_count;
 
 // The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
 // stack trace.
 GTEST_API_ extern const char kStackTraceMarker[];
 
-// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
-// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
-// Secret object, which is what we want.
-class Secret;
-
 // Two overloaded helpers for checking at compile time whether an
 // expression is a null pointer literal (i.e. NULL or any 0-valued
 // compile-time integral constant).  Their return values have
@@ -167,8 +136,23 @@ char (&IsNullLiteralHelper(...))[2];  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-GTEST_API_ String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                                    const Message& user_msg);
+GTEST_API_ std::string AppendUserMessage(
+    const std::string& gtest_msg, const Message& user_msg);
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// This exception is thrown by (and only by) a failed Google Test
+// assertion when GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions
+// are enabled).  We derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for
+// errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
+// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
+// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
+class GTEST_API_ GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // A helper class for creating scoped traces in user programs.
 class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
@@ -189,76 +173,35 @@ class GTEST_API_ ScopedTrace {
                             // c'tor and d'tor.  Therefore it doesn't
                             // need to be used otherwise.
 
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
-
-// The Symbian compiler has a bug that prevents it from selecting the
-// correct overload of FormatForComparisonFailureMessage (see below)
-// unless we pass the first argument by reference.  If we do that,
-// however, Visual Age C++ 10.1 generates a compiler error.  Therefore
-// we only apply the work-around for Symbian.
-#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ const&
-#else
-# define GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_
-#endif
-
-// When this operand is a const char* or char*, if the other operand
-// is a ::std::string or ::string, we print this operand as a C string
-// rather than a pointer (we do the same for wide strings); otherwise
-// we print it as a pointer to be safe.
-
-// This internal macro is used to avoid duplicated code.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(operand2_type, operand1_printer)\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}\
-inline String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(\
-    const operand2_type::value_type* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ str, \
-    const operand2_type& /*operand2*/) {\
-  return operand1_printer(str);\
-}
-
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::std::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::string, String::ShowCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_(::wstring, String::ShowWideCStringQuoted)
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_IMPL_
-
-// The next four overloads handle the case where the operand being
-// printed is a char/wchar_t pointer and the other operand is not a
-// string/wstring object.  In such cases, we just print the operand as
-// a pointer to be safe.
-#define GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(CharType)                       \
-  template <typename T>                                             \
-  String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(CharType* GTEST_CREF_WORKAROUND_ p, \
-                                           const T&) { \
-    return PrintToString(static_cast<const void*>(p));              \
-  }
-
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const char)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(wchar_t)
-GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
-
-#undef GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_
+namespace edit_distance {
+// Returns the optimal edits to go from 'left' to 'right'.
+// All edits cost the same, with replace having lower priority than
+// add/remove.
+// Simple implementation of the Wagner–Fischer algorithm.
+// See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Fischer_algorithm
+enum EditType { kMatch, kAdd, kRemove, kReplace };
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<size_t>& left, const std::vector<size_t>& right);
+
+// Same as above, but the input is represented as strings.
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right);
+
+// Create a diff of the input strings in Unified diff format.
+GTEST_API_ std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                                         size_t context = 2);
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+// Calculate the diff between 'left' and 'right' and return it in unified diff
+// format.
+// If not null, stores in 'total_line_count' the total number of lines found
+// in left + right.
+GTEST_API_ std::string DiffStrings(const std::string& left,
+                                   const std::string& right,
+                                   size_t* total_line_count);
 
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
@@ -277,12 +220,12 @@ GTEST_FORMAT_CHAR_PTR_IMPL_(const wchar_t)
 // be inserted into the message.
 GTEST_API_ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
                                      const char* actual_expression,
-                                     const String& expected_value,
-                                     const String& actual_value,
+                                     const std::string& expected_value,
+                                     const std::string& actual_value,
                                      bool ignoring_case);
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-GTEST_API_ String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
     const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
     const char* expression_text,
     const char* actual_predicate_value,
@@ -357,7 +300,7 @@ class FloatingPoint {
   // bits.  Therefore, 4 should be enough for ordinary use.
   //
   // See the following article for more details on ULP:
-  // http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm.
+  // http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
   static const size_t kMaxUlps = 4;
 
   // Constructs a FloatingPoint from a raw floating-point number.
@@ -384,6 +327,9 @@ class FloatingPoint {
     return ReinterpretBits(kExponentBitMask);
   }
 
+  // Returns the maximum representable finite floating-point number.
+  static RawType Max();
+
   // Non-static methods
 
   // Returns the bits that represents this number.
@@ -464,6 +410,13 @@ class FloatingPoint {
   FloatingPointUnion u_;
 };
 
+// We cannot use std::numeric_limits<T>::max() as it clashes with the max()
+// macro defined by <windows.h>.
+template <>
+inline float FloatingPoint<float>::Max() { return FLT_MAX; }
+template <>
+inline double FloatingPoint<double>::Max() { return DBL_MAX; }
+
 // Typedefs the instances of the FloatingPoint template class that we
 // care to use.
 typedef FloatingPoint<float> Float;
@@ -558,7 +511,7 @@ typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 //   test_case_name:   name of the test case
 //   name:             name of the test
 //   type_param        the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
-//                     this is not  a typed or a type-parameterized test.
+//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
 //   value_param       text representation of the test's value parameter,
 //                     or NULL if this is not a type-parameterized test.
 //   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
@@ -568,7 +521,8 @@ typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 GTEST_API_ TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -628,9 +582,9 @@ inline const char* SkipComma(const char* str) {
 
 // Returns the prefix of 'str' before the first comma in it; returns
 // the entire string if it contains no comma.
-inline String GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
+inline std::string GetPrefixUntilComma(const char* str) {
   const char* comma = strchr(str, ',');
-  return comma == NULL ? String(str) : String(str, comma - str);
+  return comma == NULL ? str : std::string(str, comma);
 }
 
 // TypeParameterizedTest<Fixture, TestSel, Types>::Register()
@@ -656,9 +610,9 @@ class TypeParameterizedTest {
     // First, registers the first type-parameterized test in the type
     // list.
     MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-        String::Format("%s%s%s/%d", prefix, prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/",
-                       case_name, index).c_str(),
-        GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names).c_str(),
+        (std::string(prefix) + (prefix[0] == '\0' ? "" : "/") + case_name + "/"
+         + StreamableToString(index)).c_str(),
+        StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(test_names)).c_str(),
         GetTypeName<Type>().c_str(),
         NULL,  // No value parameter.
         GetTypeId<FixtureClass>(),
@@ -715,7 +669,7 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST || GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -725,8 +679,8 @@ class TypeParameterizedTestCase<Fixture, Templates0, Types> {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-GTEST_API_ String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* unit_test,
-                                                  int skip_count);
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(
+    UnitTest* unit_test, int skip_count);
 
 // Helpers for suppressing warnings on unreachable code or constant
 // condition.
@@ -801,13 +755,19 @@ struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T type; };  // NOLINT
 // MSVC 8.0, Sun C++, and IBM XL C++ have a bug which causes the above
 // definition to fail to remove the const in 'const int[3]' and 'const
 // char[3][4]'.  The following specialization works around the bug.
-// However, it causes trouble with GCC and thus needs to be
-// conditionally compiled.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
 template <typename T, size_t N>
 struct RemoveConst<const T[N]> {
   typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
 };
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1400
+// This is the only specialization that allows VC++ 7.1 to remove const in
+// 'const int[3] and 'const int[3][4]'.  However, it causes trouble with GCC
+// and thus needs to be conditionally compiled.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct RemoveConst<T[N]> {
+  typedef typename RemoveConst<T>::type type[N];
+};
 #endif
 
 // A handy wrapper around RemoveConst that works when the argument
@@ -856,7 +816,7 @@ class ImplicitlyConvertible {
   // MakeFrom() is an expression whose type is From.  We cannot simply
   // use From(), as the type From may not have a public default
   // constructor.
-  static From MakeFrom();
+  static typename AddReference<From>::type MakeFrom();
 
   // These two functions are overloaded.  Given an expression
   // Helper(x), the compiler will pick the first version if x can be
@@ -874,25 +834,20 @@ class ImplicitlyConvertible {
   // We have to put the 'public' section after the 'private' section,
   // or MSVC refuses to compile the code.
  public:
-  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
-  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
-  // warning.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4244)  // Temporarily disables warning 4244.
-
-  static const bool value =
-      sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
   // C++Builder cannot use member overload resolution during template
   // instantiation.  The simplest workaround is to use its C++0x type traits
   // functions (C++Builder 2009 and above only).
   static const bool value = __is_convertible(From, To);
 #else
+  // MSVC warns about implicitly converting from double to int for
+  // possible loss of data, so we need to temporarily disable the
+  // warning.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4244)
   static const bool value =
       sizeof(Helper(ImplicitlyConvertible::MakeFrom())) == 1;
-#endif  // _MSV_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif  // __BORLANDC__
 };
 template <typename From, typename To>
 const bool ImplicitlyConvertible<From, To>::value;
@@ -1018,11 +973,10 @@ void CopyArray(const T* from, size_t size, U* to) {
 
 // The relation between an NativeArray object (see below) and the
 // native array it represents.
-enum RelationToSource {
-  kReference,  // The NativeArray references the native array.
-  kCopy        // The NativeArray makes a copy of the native array and
-               // owns the copy.
-};
+// We use 2 different structs to allow non-copyable types to be used, as long
+// as RelationToSourceReference() is passed.
+struct RelationToSourceReference {};
+struct RelationToSourceCopy {};
 
 // Adapts a native array to a read-only STL-style container.  Instead
 // of the complete STL container concept, this adaptor only implements
@@ -1040,22 +994,23 @@ class NativeArray {
   typedef Element* iterator;
   typedef const Element* const_iterator;
 
-  // Constructs from a native array.
-  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSource relation) {
-    Init(array, count, relation);
+  // Constructs from a native array. References the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceReference) {
+    InitRef(array, count);
+  }
+
+  // Constructs from a native array. Copies the source.
+  NativeArray(const Element* array, size_t count, RelationToSourceCopy) {
+    InitCopy(array, count);
   }
 
   // Copy constructor.
   NativeArray(const NativeArray& rhs) {
-    Init(rhs.array_, rhs.size_, rhs.relation_to_source_);
+    (this->*rhs.clone_)(rhs.array_, rhs.size_);
   }
 
   ~NativeArray() {
-    // Ensures that the user doesn't instantiate NativeArray with a
-    // const or reference type.
-    static_cast<void>(StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<Element,
-        GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>());
-    if (relation_to_source_ == kCopy)
+    if (clone_ != &NativeArray::InitRef)
       delete[] array_;
   }
 
@@ -1069,23 +1024,30 @@ class NativeArray {
   }
 
  private:
-  // Initializes this object; makes a copy of the input array if
-  // 'relation' is kCopy.
-  void Init(const Element* array, size_t a_size, RelationToSource relation) {
-    if (relation == kReference) {
-      array_ = array;
-    } else {
-      Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
-      CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
-      array_ = copy;
-    }
+  enum {
+    kCheckTypeIsNotConstOrAReference = StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<
+        Element, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Element)>::value,
+  };
+
+  // Initializes this object with a copy of the input.
+  void InitCopy(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    Element* const copy = new Element[a_size];
+    CopyArray(array, a_size, copy);
+    array_ = copy;
+    size_ = a_size;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitCopy;
+  }
+
+  // Initializes this object with a reference of the input.
+  void InitRef(const Element* array, size_t a_size) {
+    array_ = array;
     size_ = a_size;
-    relation_to_source_ = relation;
+    clone_ = &NativeArray::InitRef;
   }
 
   const Element* array_;
   size_t size_;
-  RelationToSource relation_to_source_;
+  void (NativeArray::*clone_)(const Element*, size_t);
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NativeArray);
 };
@@ -1228,3 +1190,4 @@ class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) : public parent_class {\
 void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
+
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
index 57147b4e8..360294221 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-linked_ptr.h
@@ -105,25 +105,35 @@ class linked_ptr_internal {
   // framework.
 
   // Join an existing circle.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr) {
+  void join(linked_ptr_internal const* ptr)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = ptr;
-    while (p->next_ != ptr) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != ptr) {
+      assert(p->next_ != this &&
+             "Trying to join() a linked ring we are already in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = this;
     next_ = ptr;
   }
 
   // Leave whatever circle we're part of.  Returns true if we were the
   // last member of the circle.  Once this is done, you can join() another.
-  // L < g_linked_ptr_mutex
-  bool depart() {
+  bool depart()
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(g_linked_ptr_mutex) {
     MutexLock lock(&g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
     if (next_ == this) return true;
     linked_ptr_internal const* p = next_;
-    while (p->next_ != this) p = p->next_;
+    while (p->next_ != this) {
+      assert(p->next_ != next_ &&
+             "Trying to depart() a linked ring we are not in. "
+             "Is GMock thread safety enabled?");
+      p = p->next_;
+    }
     p->next_ = next_;
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
index 258267500..6dbaf4b7a 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 // and at most 10 arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at 10.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ValueArray2 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ class ValueArray3 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -135,7 +136,8 @@ class ValueArray4 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -157,7 +159,8 @@ class ValueArray5 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -181,7 +184,9 @@ class ValueArray6 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -206,7 +211,9 @@ class ValueArray7 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -233,7 +240,9 @@ class ValueArray8 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -261,7 +270,10 @@ class ValueArray9 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -290,7 +302,10 @@ class ValueArray10 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -321,7 +336,10 @@ class ValueArray11 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -353,8 +371,11 @@ class ValueArray12 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -388,8 +409,11 @@ class ValueArray13 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -424,8 +448,11 @@ class ValueArray14 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -461,8 +488,12 @@ class ValueArray15 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -501,8 +532,12 @@ class ValueArray16 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -542,8 +577,12 @@ class ValueArray17 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -584,8 +623,13 @@ class ValueArray18 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -627,8 +671,13 @@ class ValueArray19 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -672,8 +721,13 @@ class ValueArray20 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -719,8 +773,14 @@ class ValueArray21 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -767,8 +827,14 @@ class ValueArray22 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -817,9 +883,14 @@ class ValueArray23 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_,
-        v23_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -869,9 +940,15 @@ class ValueArray24 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -922,9 +999,15 @@ class ValueArray25 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -977,9 +1060,15 @@ class ValueArray26 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1034,9 +1123,16 @@ class ValueArray27 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1092,9 +1188,16 @@ class ValueArray28 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1151,9 +1254,16 @@ class ValueArray29 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1212,9 +1322,17 @@ class ValueArray30 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1275,9 +1393,17 @@ class ValueArray31 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1339,9 +1465,17 @@ class ValueArray32 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1405,9 +1539,18 @@ class ValueArray33 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1472,9 +1615,18 @@ class ValueArray34 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1540,10 +1692,18 @@ class ValueArray35 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_,
-        v35_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1611,10 +1771,19 @@ class ValueArray36 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1684,10 +1853,19 @@ class ValueArray37 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1758,10 +1936,19 @@ class ValueArray38 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1833,10 +2020,20 @@ class ValueArray39 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1910,10 +2107,20 @@ class ValueArray40 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -1989,10 +2196,20 @@ class ValueArray41 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2069,10 +2286,21 @@ class ValueArray42 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2150,10 +2378,21 @@ class ValueArray43 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2233,10 +2472,21 @@ class ValueArray44 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2317,10 +2567,22 @@ class ValueArray45 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2403,10 +2665,22 @@ class ValueArray46 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2491,11 +2765,22 @@ class ValueArray47 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_,
-        v47_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2581,11 +2866,23 @@ class ValueArray48 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2672,11 +2969,23 @@ class ValueArray49 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2764,11 +3073,23 @@ class ValueArray50 {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {v1_, v2_, v3_, v4_, v5_, v6_, v7_, v8_, v9_, v10_, v11_,
-        v12_, v13_, v14_, v15_, v16_, v17_, v18_, v19_, v20_, v21_, v22_, v23_,
-        v24_, v25_, v26_, v27_, v28_, v29_, v30_, v31_, v32_, v33_, v34_, v35_,
-        v36_, v37_, v38_, v39_, v40_, v41_, v42_, v43_, v44_, v45_, v46_, v47_,
-        v48_, v49_, v50_};
+    const T array[] = {static_cast<T>(v1_), static_cast<T>(v2_),
+        static_cast<T>(v3_), static_cast<T>(v4_), static_cast<T>(v5_),
+        static_cast<T>(v6_), static_cast<T>(v7_), static_cast<T>(v8_),
+        static_cast<T>(v9_), static_cast<T>(v10_), static_cast<T>(v11_),
+        static_cast<T>(v12_), static_cast<T>(v13_), static_cast<T>(v14_),
+        static_cast<T>(v15_), static_cast<T>(v16_), static_cast<T>(v17_),
+        static_cast<T>(v18_), static_cast<T>(v19_), static_cast<T>(v20_),
+        static_cast<T>(v21_), static_cast<T>(v22_), static_cast<T>(v23_),
+        static_cast<T>(v24_), static_cast<T>(v25_), static_cast<T>(v26_),
+        static_cast<T>(v27_), static_cast<T>(v28_), static_cast<T>(v29_),
+        static_cast<T>(v30_), static_cast<T>(v31_), static_cast<T>(v32_),
+        static_cast<T>(v33_), static_cast<T>(v34_), static_cast<T>(v35_),
+        static_cast<T>(v36_), static_cast<T>(v37_), static_cast<T>(v38_),
+        static_cast<T>(v39_), static_cast<T>(v40_), static_cast<T>(v41_),
+        static_cast<T>(v42_), static_cast<T>(v43_), static_cast<T>(v44_),
+        static_cast<T>(v45_), static_cast<T>(v46_), static_cast<T>(v47_),
+        static_cast<T>(v48_), static_cast<T>(v49_), static_cast<T>(v50_)};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -2836,9 +3157,9 @@ class ValueArray50 {
 //
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 class CartesianProductGenerator2
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator2(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2)
@@ -2951,9 +3272,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator2
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
 class CartesianProductGenerator3
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator3(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3)
@@ -3083,9 +3404,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator3
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
 class CartesianProductGenerator4
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator4(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3234,9 +3555,9 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator4
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
 class CartesianProductGenerator5
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator5(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3402,10 +3723,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator5
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6>
 class CartesianProductGenerator6
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
         T6> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator6(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3588,10 +3909,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator6
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7>
 class CartesianProductGenerator7
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator7(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -3791,10 +4112,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator7
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
 class CartesianProductGenerator8
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator8(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4013,10 +4334,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator8
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
 class CartesianProductGenerator9
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator9(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4252,10 +4573,10 @@ class CartesianProductGenerator9
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
 class CartesianProductGenerator10
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
         T7, T8, T9, T10> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator10(const ParamGenerator<T1>& g1,
       const ParamGenerator<T2>& g2, const ParamGenerator<T3>& g3,
@@ -4517,8 +4838,8 @@ class CartesianProductHolder2 {
 CartesianProductHolder2(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator2<T1, T2>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_)));
@@ -4539,8 +4860,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder3(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator3<T1, T2, T3>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4564,8 +4885,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder4(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator4<T1, T2, T3, T4>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4591,8 +4912,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder5(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
     const Generator3& g3, const Generator4& g4, const Generator5& g5)
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4622,8 +4943,8 @@ CartesianProductHolder6(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator6<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4655,9 +4976,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder7(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
       : g1_(g1), g2_(g2), g3_(g3), g4_(g4), g5_(g5), g6_(g6), g7_(g7) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6,
       T7> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator7<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4693,9 +5014,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder8(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g8_(g8) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,
       T8> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator8<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T2> >(g2_),
@@ -4734,9 +5055,9 @@ CartesianProductHolder9(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g9_(g9) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
       T9> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
         T9> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator9<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
@@ -4778,10 +5099,10 @@ CartesianProductHolder10(const Generator1& g1, const Generator2& g2,
           g9_(g9), g10_(g10) {}
   template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
       typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-      T9, T10> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8,
-        T9, T10> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+      T10> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
+        T10> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator10<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
             T10>(
         static_cast<ParamGenerator<T1> >(g1_),
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
index dbe938630..801a2fc7d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util-generated.h.pump
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ $var maxtuple = 10  $$ Maximum number of Combine arguments we want to support.
 // and at most $maxtuple arguments in Combine. Please contact
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com if you need more.
 // Please note that the number of arguments to Combine is limited
-// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tr1::tuple which is
+// by the maximum arity of the implementation of tuple which is
 // currently set at $maxtuple.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PARAM_UTIL_GENERATED_H_
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class ValueArray$i {
 
   template <typename T>
   operator ParamGenerator<T>() const {
-    const T array[] = {$for j, [[v$(j)_]]};
+    const T array[] = {$for j, [[static_cast<T>(v$(j)_)]]};
     return ValuesIn(array);
   }
 
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ $range k 2..i
 
 template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
 class CartesianProductGenerator$i
-    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
+    : public ParamGeneratorInterface< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> > {
  public:
-  typedef ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> ParamType;
 
   CartesianProductGenerator$i($for j, [[const ParamGenerator<T$j>& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ class CartesianProductHolder$i {
 CartesianProductHolder$i($for j, [[const Generator$j& g$j]])
       : $for j, [[g$(j)_(g$j)]] {}
   template <$for j, [[typename T$j]]>
-  operator ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
-    return ParamGenerator< ::std::tr1::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
+  operator ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >() const {
+    return ParamGenerator< ::testing::tuple<$for j, [[T$j]]> >(
         new CartesianProductGenerator$i<$for j, [[T$j]]>(
 $for j,[[
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
index 0ef9718cf..d5e1028b0 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-param-util.h
@@ -494,10 +494,10 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
         const string& instantiation_name = gen_it->first;
         ParamGenerator<ParamType> generator((*gen_it->second)());
 
-        Message test_case_name_stream;
+        string test_case_name;
         if ( !instantiation_name.empty() )
-          test_case_name_stream << instantiation_name << "/";
-        test_case_name_stream << test_info->test_case_base_name;
+          test_case_name = instantiation_name + "/";
+        test_case_name += test_info->test_case_base_name;
 
         int i = 0;
         for (typename ParamGenerator<ParamType>::iterator param_it =
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ class ParameterizedTestCaseInfo : public ParameterizedTestCaseInfoBase {
           Message test_name_stream;
           test_name_stream << test_info->test_base_name << "/" << i;
           MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-              test_case_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
+              test_case_name.c_str(),
               test_name_stream.GetString().c_str(),
               NULL,  // No type parameter.
               PrintToString(*param_it).c_str(),
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index ce70acdd3..98498309f 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -30,15 +30,43 @@
 // Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
 //
 // Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
-// platforms.  They are subject to change without notice.  DO NOT USE
-// THEM IN USER CODE.
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Test.
+//
+// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
+// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
+// any other Google Test header.
 
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
 
-// The user can define the following macros in the build script to
-// control Google Test's behavior.  If the user doesn't define a macro
-// in this list, Google Test will define it.
+// Environment-describing macros
+// -----------------------------
+//
+// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
+// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
+// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
+// features and implementations.
+//
+// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
+// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
+// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
+// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
+// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
+//
+// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
+// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
+// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
+//
+// Notes to maintainers:
+//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
+//     lightly.
+//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
+//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
+//     defined.
 //
 //   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
 //                              is/isn't available.
@@ -72,6 +100,8 @@
 //                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
 //                              used.  Unused when the user sets
 //                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
+//   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
+//                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
 //   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
 //                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
@@ -80,23 +110,34 @@
 //                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
 //                              as a shared library.
 
-// This header defines the following utilities:
+// Platform-indicating macros
+// --------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
+// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
 //
-// Macros indicating the current platform (defined to 1 if compiled on
-// the given platform; otherwise undefined):
 //   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
 //   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
+//   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
 //   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
 //   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
 //     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
 //   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
+//     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
 //   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
 //   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
 //   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
 //   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
 //     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
 //   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
 //
 // Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
@@ -106,22 +147,50 @@
 // googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
 // even more welcome!).
 //
-// Note that it is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+
+// Feature-indicating macros
+// -------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
+// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// which controls that code.  For example:
+//
+// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
+// #endif
 //
-// Macros indicating available Google Test features (defined to 1 if
-// the corresponding feature is supported; otherwise undefined):
 //   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
 //                            tests)
 //   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST   - value-parameterized tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
 //   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
 //   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
 //                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
 //                            define themselves.
 //   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
 //                            the above two are mutually exclusive.
 //   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
+
+// Misc public macros
+// ------------------
+//
+//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
+//                            the given Google Test flag.
+
+// Internal utilities
+// ------------------
+//
+// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
+// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
 //
 // Macros for basic C++ coding:
 //   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
@@ -130,13 +199,18 @@
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
 //   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
 //   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
+//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
+//                                        is suppressed.
+//
+// C++11 feature wrappers:
+//
+//   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
 //
 // Synchronization:
 //   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
-//                  - synchronization primitives.
-//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE - defined to 1 to indicate that the above
-//                         synchronization primitives have real implementations
-//                         and Google Test is thread-safe; or 0 otherwise.
+//                            - synchronization primitives.
 //
 // Template meta programming:
 //   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
@@ -172,10 +246,9 @@
 //   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
 //
 // Command-line utilities:
-//   GTEST_FLAG()       - references a flag.
 //   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
-//   GetArgvs()         - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
+//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
 //
 // Environment variable utilities:
 //   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
@@ -188,15 +261,21 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #ifndef _WIN32_WCE
 # include <sys/types.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
 
+#if defined __APPLE__
+# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+# include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
 #include <iostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>  // NOLINT
+#include <utility>
 
 #define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
 #define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
@@ -223,19 +302,34 @@
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE 1
 # elif defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW 1
+# elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY)
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#  if WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_DESKTOP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_PHONE_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE 1
+#  elif WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(WINAPI_PARTITION_APP)
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT 1
+#  else
+    // WINAPI_FAMILY defined but no known partition matched.
+    // Default to desktop.
+#   define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
+#  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP 1
 # endif  // _WIN32_WCE
 #elif defined __APPLE__
 # define GTEST_OS_MAC 1
+# if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#  define GTEST_OS_IOS 1
+# endif
+#elif defined __FreeBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_FREEBSD 1
 #elif defined __linux__
 # define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# ifdef ANDROID
+# if defined __ANDROID__
 #  define GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID 1
-# endif  // ANDROID
-#elif defined __FreeBSD__
-# define GTEST_OS_LINUX 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+# endif
 #elif defined __MVS__
 # define GTEST_OS_ZOS 1
 #elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4)
@@ -246,30 +340,130 @@
 # define GTEST_OS_HPUX 1
 #elif defined __native_client__
 # define GTEST_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined __OpenBSD__
+# define GTEST_OS_OPENBSD 1
+#elif defined __QNX__
+# define GTEST_OS_QNX 1
 #endif  // __CYGWIN__
 
+// Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
+//
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
+//   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1500
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
+    __pragma(warning(push))                        \
+    __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+// Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
+// -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
+// value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
+// probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
+# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+// Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
+// proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
+// C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
+// with no C++11 support.
+//
+// libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
+// 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
+// this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
+    (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
+        __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
+        /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
+# define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
+#endif
+
+// Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
+#if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+#endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
+// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# if defined(__clang__)
+// Inspired by http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#__has_include
+#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
+#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
 // Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
 // namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
 // use them on Windows Mobile.
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#  include <direct.h>
+#  include <io.h>
+# endif
+// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
+// assuming CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+// This assumption is verified by
+// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
 // This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
 // is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
 // mentioned above.
 # include <unistd.h>
-# if !GTEST_OS_NACL
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Remove this condition when Native Client SDK adds
-// strings.h (tracked in
-// http://code.google.com/p/nativeclient/issues/detail?id=1175).
-#  include <strings.h>  // Native Client doesn't provide strings.h.
-# endif
-#elif !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <direct.h>
-# include <io.h>
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
+#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
-# define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
@@ -307,6 +501,15 @@
 #   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
 #  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+// clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
+// but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
+// cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
+// are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
+// exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
+// that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
+// __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
 // gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
 #  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
@@ -384,11 +587,27 @@
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
 
 #  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
-#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
+// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
+// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
+// so disable RTTI when detected.
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#   else
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
 #  else
 #   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
 #  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
 
+// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
+// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
+// first version with C++ support.
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
+
 // Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
 // both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
 # elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
@@ -416,12 +635,13 @@
 
 // Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we assume pthreads support is
-// available on Linux and Mac.
+// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
+// which platforms have pthreads support.
 //
 // To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
 // to your compiler flags.
-# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+# define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX \
+    || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL)
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
@@ -437,8 +657,13 @@
 // this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
 // feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
+// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
 // The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
-# define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 
 // Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
@@ -447,14 +672,28 @@
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 // We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
-// implementation of it already.  At this time, GCC 4.0.0+ and MSVC
-// 2010 are the only mainstream compilers that come with a TR1 tuple
-// implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler pretends to be GCC by
-// defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot compile GCC's tuple
-// implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1 tuple in a 323 MB
-// Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the user has.
-# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)) \
-    || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+// implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
+// MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
+// with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
+// pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
+// compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
+// tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
+// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
+// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
+// and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
+# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
+// in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
+// can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
+# if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+# if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
@@ -464,11 +703,37 @@
 
 // To avoid conditional compilation everywhere, we make it
 // gtest-port.h's responsibility to #include the header implementing
-// tr1/tuple.
+// tuple.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
+# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
+// them.
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
+# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
 
 # if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
-#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"
+#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# elif GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  include <tuple>
+// C++11 puts its tuple into the ::std namespace rather than
+// ::std::tr1.  gtest expects tuple to live in ::std::tr1, so put it there.
+// This causes undefined behavior, but supported compilers react in
+// the way we intend.
+namespace std {
+namespace tr1 {
+using ::std::get;
+using ::std::make_tuple;
+using ::std::tuple;
+using ::std::tuple_element;
+using ::std::tuple_size;
+}
+}
+
 # elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
 
 // On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
@@ -483,7 +748,7 @@
 // This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
 // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
 #  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
-#  include <tuple>
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 
 # elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
 // GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
@@ -506,7 +771,7 @@
 # else
 // If the compiler is not GCC 4.0+, we assume the user is using a
 // spec-conforming TR1 implementation.
-#  include <tuple>  // NOLINT
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
 # endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
@@ -519,7 +784,16 @@
 // The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
-#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, clone() is only available on ARM starting with Gingerbread.
+#    if defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#    else
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+#    endif
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  endif
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
@@ -531,7 +805,8 @@
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 // By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
 // platforms except known mobile ones.
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
+    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
 # else
 #  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
@@ -542,9 +817,11 @@
 // Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
 // abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
 // pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
-#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
+#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS || \
+     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) || \
      (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) || \
-     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX)
+     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD)
 # define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
 # include <vector>  // NOLINT
 #endif
@@ -610,7 +887,12 @@
 // compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
-#else
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_attribute(unused)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
@@ -636,6 +918,19 @@
 # define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
 #endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
 
+// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
+// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
+// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
+//
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+// while (true) {
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+// }
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
 // Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
 // Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
 // does not exist on any other system.
@@ -650,6 +945,11 @@
 #  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
 # endif
 
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
+    (0 \
+     || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
+     || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -673,20 +973,78 @@
 # define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
 #endif
 
+// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#endif
+
+// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
+// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
 namespace testing {
 
 class Message;
 
+#if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
+// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
+// their types as needed.
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+
 namespace internal {
 
-class String;
+// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
+// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
+// Secret object, which is what we want.
+class Secret;
 
 // The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
 // expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
 // size of a static array:
 //
-//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
-//                         content_type_names_incorrect_size);
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
+//                         names_incorrect_size);
 //
 // or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
 //
@@ -696,16 +1054,22 @@ class String;
 // the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
 // containing the name of the variable.
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 template <bool>
-struct CompileAssert {
+  struct CompileAssert {
 };
 
-#define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
-  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> \
-      msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
+      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
 //
+// (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
+//
 // - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
 //   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
 //
@@ -752,7 +1116,12 @@ template <typename T1, typename T2>
 struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
 
 template <typename T>
-struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {};
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
+#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 typedef ::string string;
@@ -800,6 +1169,12 @@ class scoped_ptr {
       ptr_ = p;
     }
   }
+
+  friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
+  }
+
  private:
   T* ptr_;
 
@@ -862,10 +1237,9 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
  private:
   void Init(const char* regex);
 
-  // We use a const char* instead of a string, as Google Test may be used
-  // where string is not available.  We also do not use Google Test's own
-  // String type here, in order to simplify dependencies between the
-  // files.
+  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
+  // used where std::string is not available.  TODO(wan@google.com): change to
+  // std::string.
   const char* pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
@@ -962,6 +1336,15 @@ inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
                       << gtest_error
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::move;
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+template <typename T>
+const T& move(const T& t) {
+  return t;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
 //
 // Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
@@ -983,7 +1366,7 @@ inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
 // similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
 // namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
 template<typename To>
-inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
+inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return ::testing::internal::move(x); }
 
 // When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
 // SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
@@ -1012,7 +1395,9 @@ inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
   // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
   // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
   // completely.
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
   if (false) {
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
     const To to = NULL;
     ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
   }
@@ -1048,30 +1433,30 @@ Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
 //   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 //
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStdout();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
 GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
-GTEST_API_ String GetCapturedStderr();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-extern ::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
+                             new_argvs);
 
-// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies we have ::std::string.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs();
+// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
+extern ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
-
-// Sleeps for (roughly) n milli-seconds.  This function is only for
-// testing Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests,
-// either directly or indirectly.
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
+// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
+// directly or indirectly.
 inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   const timespec time = {
     0,                  // 0 seconds.
@@ -1079,7 +1464,10 @@ inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
   };
   nanosleep(&time, NULL);
 }
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 
+# if 0  // OS detection
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
 // Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
 // threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
 // and destroyed in the controller thread.
@@ -1088,26 +1476,97 @@ inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
 // use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
 class Notification {
  public:
-  Notification() : notified_(false) {}
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+  }
+  ~Notification() {
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
   // be called from the controller thread.
-  void Notify() { notified_ = true; }
+  void Notify() {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+  }
 
   // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
   // thread.
   void WaitForNotification() {
-    while(!notified_) {
+    for (;;) {
+      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+      const bool notified = notified_;
+      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+      if (notified)
+        break;
       SleepMilliseconds(10);
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  volatile bool notified_;
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
+  bool notified_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
 };
 
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
+
+// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
+// Used in death tests and in threading support.
+class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
+ public:
+  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
+  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
+  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
+  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
+  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
+  typedef void* Handle;
+  AutoHandle();
+  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
+
+  ~AutoHandle();
+
+  Handle Get() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(Handle handle);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
+  bool IsCloseable() const;
+
+  Handle handle_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
+};
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class GTEST_API_ Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification();
+  void Notify();
+  void WaitForNotification();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle event_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+# endif  // OS detection
+
+// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
+// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
 // As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
 // Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
 // in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
@@ -1145,10 +1604,9 @@ extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
  public:
-  typedef void (*UserThreadFunc)(T);
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
 
-  ThreadWithParam(
-      UserThreadFunc func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
       : func_(func),
         param_(param),
         thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
@@ -1175,7 +1633,7 @@ class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
   }
 
  private:
-  const UserThreadFunc func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
   const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
   // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
   // notifies.
@@ -1185,47 +1643,278 @@ class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
 };
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
+# if 0  // OS detection
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
-// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms. They
-// are used in conjunction with class MutexLock:
+// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
+// with class MutexLock:
 //
 //   Mutex mutex;
 //   ...
-//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the end
-//                            // of the current scope.
-//
-// MutexBase implements behavior for both statically and dynamically
-// allocated mutexes.  Do not use MutexBase directly.  Instead, write
-// the following to define a static mutex:
+//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
+//                            // end of the current scope.
 //
+// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
+// macros:
 //   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
 //
-// You can forward declare a static mutex like this:
+// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
+class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
+ public:
+  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
+  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
+  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
+  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
+  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
+
+  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
+  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
+  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
+  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
+
+  Mutex();
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  void Lock();
+
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+
+  // Per http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/02/23/78395.aspx,
+  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
+  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
+
+  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
+  // by the linker.
+  MutexType type_;
+  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
+  _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
+// without knowing its type.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
+// regardless of its parameter type.
+class ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
+  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
+  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
+  // has a value on the current thread.
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ThreadLocalBase() {}
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
+};
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
+// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
+// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+
+  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+};
+
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  void Join();
+
+ protected:
+  class Runnable {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Runnable() {}
+    virtual void Run() = 0;
+  };
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle thread_;
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
+  }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
+
+ private:
+  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
+   public:
+    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
+        : func_(func),
+          param_(param) {
+    }
+    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
+    virtual void Run() {
+      func_(param_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
+    const T param_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
+  };
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
 //
-//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   // Thread 1
+//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
 //
-// To create a dynamic mutex, just define an object of type Mutex.
+//   // Thread 2
+//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
+//   tl.set(200);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
+//
+// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
+// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
+// a public default constructor.
+//
+// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
+// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
+// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
+// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
+//
+// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
+// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
+// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
+// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : default_() {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : default_(value) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
+  // knowing the type of T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
+        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
+  }
+
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
+    return new ValueHolder(default_);
+  }
+
+  const T default_;  // The default value for each thread.
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
 class MutexBase {
  public:
   // Acquires this mutex.
   void Lock() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
     owner_ = pthread_self();
+    has_owner_ = true;
   }
 
   // Releases this mutex.
   void Unlock() {
-    // We don't protect writing to owner_ here, as it's the caller's
-    // responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
+    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
+    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
     // mutex when this is called.
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
   }
 
   // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
   // with high probability.
   void AssertHeld() const {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(owner_ == pthread_self())
+    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
         << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
   }
 
@@ -1236,16 +1925,28 @@ class MutexBase {
   // have to be public.
  public:
   pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
-  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex; 0 means no one holds it.
+  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
+  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
+  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
+  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
+  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
+  // from pthread_self().
+  bool has_owner_;
+  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
 };
 
 // Forward-declares a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
+#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
 
 // Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
-# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
-    ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0 }
+// The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
+// instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
+// particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
+// This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
+// The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
+#  define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = { PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false }
 
 // The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
 // shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
@@ -1253,7 +1954,7 @@ class Mutex : public MutexBase {
  public:
   Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
-    owner_ = 0;
+    has_owner_ = false;
   }
   ~Mutex() {
     GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
@@ -1263,9 +1964,11 @@ class Mutex : public MutexBase {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
 };
 
-// We cannot name this class MutexLock as the ctor declaration would
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
 // conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
-// platforms.  Hence the typedef trick below.
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
@@ -1299,34 +2002,6 @@ extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
 }
 
 // Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
-//
-//   // Thread 2
-//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
-//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
-//
-//   // Thread 1
-//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
-//   tl.set(200);
-//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
-//
-// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
-// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
-// a public default constructor.
-//
-// An object managed for a thread by a ThreadLocal instance is deleted
-// when the thread exits.  Or, if the ThreadLocal instance dies in
-// that thread, when the ThreadLocal dies.  It's the user's
-// responsibility to ensure that all other threads using a ThreadLocal
-// have exited when it dies, or the per-thread objects for those
-// threads will not be deleted.
-//
-// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
-// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
-// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
-// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
 template <typename T>
 class ThreadLocal {
  public:
@@ -1391,9 +2066,9 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
 };
 
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 1
+# endif  // OS detection
 
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
 // and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
@@ -1403,6 +2078,8 @@ class ThreadLocal {
 class Mutex {
  public:
   Mutex() {}
+  void Lock() {}
+  void Unlock() {}
   void AssertHeld() const {}
 };
 
@@ -1411,6 +2088,11 @@ class Mutex {
 
 # define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
 
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
 class GTestMutexLock {
  public:
   explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
@@ -1431,11 +2113,7 @@ class ThreadLocal {
   T value_;
 };
 
-// The above synchronization primitives have dummy implementations.
-// Therefore Google Test is not thread-safe.
-# define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE 0
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 // we cannot detect it.
@@ -1533,6 +2211,10 @@ inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
 inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
   return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
 }
+inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
+  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
+}
 
 inline char ToLower(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
@@ -1541,6 +2223,13 @@ inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
   return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
 }
 
+inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
+  std::string::iterator it = str.end();
+  while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
+    it = str.erase(it);
+  return str;
+}
+
 // The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
 // POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
 // Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
@@ -1604,11 +2293,7 @@ inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
 
 // Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-// Temporarily disable warning 4996 (deprecated function).
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
 
 inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
   return strncpy(dest, src, n);
@@ -1618,7 +2303,7 @@ inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
 // StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
 // defined there.
 
-#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
 #endif
 inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
@@ -1642,8 +2327,9 @@ inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
 inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
 #endif
 inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE | GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
+  static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
   return NULL;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
   // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
@@ -1655,9 +2341,7 @@ inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(pop)  // Restores the warning state.
-#endif
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
@@ -1670,6 +2354,23 @@ inline void Abort() { abort(); }
 
 }  // namespace posix
 
+// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
+// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
+// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
+// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
+// snprintf is a variadic function.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
+     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
+// complain about _snprintf.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
+#else
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
+#endif
+
 // The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
 // works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
 // two's complement.
@@ -1722,7 +2423,6 @@ class TypeWithSize<4> {
 template <>
 class TypeWithSize<8> {
  public:
-
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   typedef __int64 Int;
   typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
@@ -1749,7 +2449,7 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 #define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
 #define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
-    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name)
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
@@ -1757,7 +2457,11 @@ typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 #define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
-    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::String GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+// Thread annotations
+#define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+#define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
 
 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
 // to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
@@ -1777,3 +2481,4 @@ const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
index dc3a07be8..97f1a7fdd 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-string.h
@@ -47,50 +47,18 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <string.h>
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-
 #include <string>
 
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
-// String - a UTF-8 string class.
-//
-// For historic reasons, we don't use std::string.
-//
-// TODO(wan@google.com): replace this class with std::string or
-// implement it in terms of the latter.
-//
-// Note that String can represent both NULL and the empty string,
-// while std::string cannot represent NULL.
-//
-// NULL and the empty string are considered different.  NULL is less
-// than anything (including the empty string) except itself.
-//
-// This class only provides minimum functionality necessary for
-// implementing Google Test.  We do not intend to implement a full-fledged
-// string class here.
-//
-// Since the purpose of this class is to provide a substitute for
-// std::string on platforms where it cannot be used, we define a copy
-// constructor and assignment operators such that we don't need
-// conditional compilation in a lot of places.
-//
-// In order to make the representation efficient, the d'tor of String
-// is not virtual.  Therefore DO NOT INHERIT FROM String.
+// String - an abstract class holding static string utilities.
 class GTEST_API_ String {
  public:
   // Static utility methods
 
-  // Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-  // otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-  // for input "Hello".
-  //
-  // This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-  //
-  // Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-  static String ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str);
-
   // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
   // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
   // delete[].  Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
@@ -137,11 +105,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   // NULL will be converted to "(null)".  If an error occurred during
   // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
   // returned.
-  static String ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
-
-  // Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-  // the converted string in double quotes.
-  static String ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
+  static std::string ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
 
   // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
   // content.
@@ -175,174 +139,27 @@ class GTEST_API_ String {
   static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
                                                const wchar_t* rhs);
 
-  // Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-  // spec string as for printf.
-  //
-  // We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-  // available.
-  //
-  // The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing
-  // 0).  If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input,
-  // "<buffer exceeded>" is returned.
-  static String Format(const char* format, ...);
-
-  // C'tors
-
-  // The default c'tor constructs a NULL string.
-  String() : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) {}
-
-  // Constructs a String by cloning a 0-terminated C string.
-  String(const char* a_c_str) {  // NOLINT
-    if (a_c_str == NULL) {
-      c_str_ = NULL;
-      length_ = 0;
-    } else {
-      ConstructNonNull(a_c_str, strlen(a_c_str));
-    }
-  }
+  // Returns true iff the given string ends with the given suffix, ignoring
+  // case. Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+  static bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+      const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix);
 
-  // Constructs a String by copying a given number of chars from a
-  // buffer.  E.g. String("hello", 3) creates the string "hel",
-  // String("a\0bcd", 4) creates "a\0bc", String(NULL, 0) creates "",
-  // and String(NULL, 1) results in access violation.
-  String(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    ConstructNonNull(buffer, a_length);
-  }
+  // Formats an int value as "%02d".
+  static std::string FormatIntWidth2(int value);  // "%02d" for width == 2
 
-  // The copy c'tor creates a new copy of the string.  The two
-  // String objects do not share content.
-  String(const String& str) : c_str_(NULL), length_(0) { *this = str; }
+  // Formats an int value as "%X".
+  static std::string FormatHexInt(int value);
 
-  // D'tor.  String is intended to be a final class, so the d'tor
-  // doesn't need to be virtual.
-  ~String() { delete[] c_str_; }
-
-  // Allows a String to be implicitly converted to an ::std::string or
-  // ::string, and vice versa.  Converting a String containing a NULL
-  // pointer to ::std::string or ::string is undefined behavior.
-  // Converting a ::std::string or ::string containing an embedded NUL
-  // character to a String will result in the prefix up to the first
-  // NUL character.
-  String(const ::std::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
-
-  operator ::std::string() const { return ::std::string(c_str(), length()); }
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-  String(const ::string& str) {
-    ConstructNonNull(str.c_str(), str.length());
-  }
-
-  operator ::string() const { return ::string(c_str(), length()); }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
-
-  // Returns true iff this is an empty string (i.e. "").
-  bool empty() const { return (c_str() != NULL) && (length() == 0); }
-
-  // Compares this with another String.
-  // Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-  // if this is greater than rhs.
-  int Compare(const String& rhs) const;
-
-  // Returns true iff this String equals the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator==(const char* a_c_str) const { return Compare(a_c_str) == 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String is less than the given String.  A
-  // NULL string is considered less than "".
-  bool operator<(const String& rhs) const { return Compare(rhs) < 0; }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String doesn't equal the given C string.  A NULL
-  // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
-  bool operator!=(const char* a_c_str) const { return !(*this == a_c_str); }
-
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-  // String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWith(const char* suffix) const;
-
-  // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, not considering
-  // case. Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-  bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const;
-
-  // Returns the length of the encapsulated string, or 0 if the
-  // string is NULL.
-  size_t length() const { return length_; }
-
-  // Gets the 0-terminated C string this String object represents.
-  // The String object still owns the string.  Therefore the caller
-  // should NOT delete the return value.
-  const char* c_str() const { return c_str_; }
-
-  // Assigns a C string to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const char* a_c_str) {
-    return *this = String(a_c_str);
-  }
-
-  // Assigns a String object to this object.  Self-assignment works.
-  const String& operator=(const String& rhs) {
-    if (this != &rhs) {
-      delete[] c_str_;
-      if (rhs.c_str() == NULL) {
-        c_str_ = NULL;
-        length_ = 0;
-      } else {
-        ConstructNonNull(rhs.c_str(), rhs.length());
-      }
-    }
-
-    return *this;
-  }
+  // Formats a byte as "%02X".
+  static std::string FormatByte(unsigned char value);
 
  private:
-  // Constructs a non-NULL String from the given content.  This
-  // function can only be called when c_str_ has not been allocated.
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, 0) results in an empty string ("").
-  // ConstructNonNull(NULL, non_zero) is undefined behavior.
-  void ConstructNonNull(const char* buffer, size_t a_length) {
-    char* const str = new char[a_length + 1];
-    memcpy(str, buffer, a_length);
-    str[a_length] = '\0';
-    c_str_ = str;
-    length_ = a_length;
-  }
-
-  const char* c_str_;
-  size_t length_;
+  String();  // Not meant to be instantiated.
 };  // class String
 
-// Streams a String to an ostream.  Each '\0' character in the String
-// is replaced with "\\0".
-inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const String& str) {
-  if (str.c_str() == NULL) {
-    os << "(null)";
-  } else {
-    const char* const c_str = str.c_str();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != str.length(); i++) {
-      if (c_str[i] == '\0') {
-        os << "\\0";
-      } else {
-        os << c_str[i];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return os;
-}
-
-// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as a String.  Each '\0'
+// Gets the content of the stringstream's buffer as an std::string.  Each '\0'
 // character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
-GTEST_API_ String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
-
-// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
-// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
-// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
-// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
-
-// Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
-// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
-// compiler.
-template <typename T>
-String StreamableToString(const T& streamable);
+GTEST_API_ std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* stream);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
index d1af50e18..e9b405340 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-// This file was GENERATED by a script.  DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
+// This file was GENERATED by command:
+//     pump.py gtest-tuple.h.pump
+// DO NOT EDIT BY HAND!!!
 
 // Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
 // All Rights Reserved.
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 // GTEST_n_TUPLE_(T) is the type of an n-tuple.
 #define GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) tuple<>
 #define GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) tuple<T##0, void, void, void, void, void, void, \
@@ -140,34 +150,54 @@ template <bool kIndexValid, int kIndex, class Tuple>
 struct TupleElement;
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T0 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 0, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T0 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T1 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 1, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T1 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T2 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 2, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T2 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T3 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 3, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T3 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T4 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 4, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T4 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T5 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 5, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T5 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T6 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 6, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T6 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T7 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 7, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T7 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T8 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 8, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T8 type;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { typedef T9 type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, 9, GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T9 type;
+};
 
 }  // namespace gtest_internal
 
@@ -708,37 +738,59 @@ inline GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) make_tuple(const T0& f0, const T1& f1, const T2& f2,
 template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 template <GTEST_0_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 0; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_0_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 0;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_1_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 1; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_1_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 1;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_2_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 2; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_2_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 2;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_3_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 3; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_3_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 3;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_4_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 4; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_4_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 4;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_5_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 5; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_5_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 5;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_6_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 6; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_6_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 6;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_7_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 7; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_7_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 7;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_8_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 8; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_8_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 8;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_9_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 9; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_9_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 9;
+};
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = 10; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = 10;
+};
 
 template <int k, class Tuple>
 struct tuple_element {
@@ -922,8 +974,8 @@ template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_10_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_10_TYPENAMES_(U)>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
index ef519094a..429ddfeec 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h.pump
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ $$ This meta comment fixes auto-indentation in Emacs. }}
    private:
 #endif
 
+// Visual Studio 2010, 2012, and 2013 define symbols in std::tr1 that conflict
+// with our own definitions. Therefore using our own tuple does not work on
+// those compilers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600  /* 1600 is Visual Studio 2010 */
+# error "gtest's tuple doesn't compile on Visual Studio 2010 or later. \
+GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE must be set to 0 on those compilers."
+#endif
+
 
 $range i 0..n-1
 $range j 0..n
@@ -118,8 +126,9 @@ struct TupleElement;
 
 $for i [[
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)> [[]]
-{ typedef T$i type; };
+struct TupleElement<true, $i, GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  typedef T$i type;
+};
 
 
 ]]
@@ -220,7 +229,9 @@ template <typename Tuple> struct tuple_size;
 
 $for j [[
 template <GTEST_$(j)_TYPENAMES_(T)>
-struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T)> { static const int value = $j; };
+struct tuple_size<GTEST_$(j)_TUPLE_(T) > {
+  static const int value = $j;
+};
 
 
 ]]
@@ -302,8 +313,8 @@ template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
 inline bool operator==(const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)& t,
                        const GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)& u) {
   return gtest_internal::SameSizeTuplePrefixComparator<
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T)>::value,
-      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U)>::value>::Eq(t, u);
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(T) >::value,
+      tuple_size<GTEST_$(n)_TUPLE_(U) >::value>::Eq(t, u);
 }
 
 template <GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(T), GTEST_$(n)_TYPENAMES_(U)>
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
index b7b01b094..e46f7cfcb 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h
@@ -45,15 +45,14 @@
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
@@ -62,24 +61,24 @@ namespace internal {
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
@@ -3300,7 +3299,9 @@ struct Templates<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14,
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
     typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10,
diff --git a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
index 27f331dea..251fdf025 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
+++ b/tests/gtest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-type-util.h.pump
@@ -43,15 +43,14 @@ $var n = 50  $$ Maximum length of type lists we want to support.
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_TYPE_UTIL_H_
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
-#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
 
 // #ifdef __GNUC__ is too general here.  It is possible to use gcc without using
 // libstdc++ (which is where cxxabi.h comes from).
-# ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+# if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
 #  include <cxxabi.h>
 # elif defined(__HP_aCC)
 #  include <acxx_demangle.h>
-# endif  // __GLIBCXX__
+# endif  // GTEST_HASH_CXXABI_H_
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
@@ -60,24 +59,24 @@ namespace internal {
 // NB: This function is also used in Google Mock, so don't move it inside of
 // the typed-test-only section below.
 template <typename T>
-String GetTypeName() {
+std::string GetTypeName() {
 # if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
   const char* const name = typeid(T).name();
-#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+#  if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || defined(__HP_aCC)
   int status = 0;
   // gcc's implementation of typeid(T).name() mangles the type name,
   // so we have to demangle it.
-#   ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   using abi::__cxa_demangle;
-#   endif // __GLIBCXX__
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_
   char* const readable_name = __cxa_demangle(name, 0, 0, &status);
-  const String name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
+  const std::string name_str(status == 0 ? readable_name : name);
   free(readable_name);
   return name_str;
 #  else
   return name;
-#  endif  // __GLIBCXX__ || __HP_aCC
+#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ || __HP_aCC
 
 # else
 
@@ -279,7 +278,9 @@ struct Templates<$for j, [[T$j]]$for k[[, NoneT]]> {
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P().
 
 template <typename T>
-struct TypeList { typedef Types1<T> type; };
+struct TypeList {
+  typedef Types1<T> type;
+};
 
 
 $range i 1..n
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index 8b2e4131c..a0a8c7baf 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@
 # include <errno.h>
 # include <fcntl.h>
 # include <limits.h>
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+#  include <signal.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
 # include <stdarg.h>
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -52,6 +57,10 @@
 #  include <sys/wait.h>
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
+# if GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  include <spawn.h>
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
@@ -59,9 +68,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -100,13 +109,42 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
     "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
     "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
-    "colons.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
+    "the '|' characters.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
     "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
     "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
 }  // namespace internal
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Valid only for fast death tests. Indicates the code is running in the
+// child process of a fast style death test.
+static bool g_in_fast_death_test_child = false;
+
+// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the caller is currently
+// executing in the context of the death test child process.  Tools such as
+// Valgrind heap checkers may need this to modify their behavior in death
+// tests.  IMPORTANT: This is an internal utility.  Using it may break the
+// implementation of death tests.  User code MUST NOT use it.
+bool InDeathTestChild() {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+  // On Windows, death tests are thread-safe regardless of the value of the
+  // death_test_style flag.
+  return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+
+# else
+
+  if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe")
+    return !GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).empty();
+  else
+    return g_in_fast_death_test_child;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
 }
@@ -141,7 +179,7 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
 // specified by wait(2).
-static String ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
+static std::string ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
   Message m;
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -176,7 +214,7 @@ bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
 // to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
-static String DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
+static std::string DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
       << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
@@ -210,7 +248,7 @@ enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
 // message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
 // message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
 // then exits with status 1.
-void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
+void DeathTestAbort(const std::string& message) {
   // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
   // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
   // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
@@ -234,9 +272,10 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
   do { \
     if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ +  ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
@@ -254,15 +293,16 @@ void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
       gtest_retval = (expression); \
     } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
     if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
-      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
-          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s != -1", \
-          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
+      DeathTestAbort( \
+          ::std::string("CHECK failed: File ") + __FILE__ + ", line " \
+          + ::testing::internal::StreamableToString(__LINE__) + ": " \
+          + #expression + " != -1"); \
     } \
   } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
-String GetLastErrnoDescription() {
-    return String(errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno));
+std::string GetLastErrnoDescription() {
+    return errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno);
 }
 
 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
@@ -312,11 +352,11 @@ const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
   return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
 }
 
-void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const String& message) {
+void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const std::string& message) {
   last_death_test_message_ = message;
 }
 
-String DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
+std::string DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
 
 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
 class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
@@ -491,7 +531,7 @@ bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
   if (!spawned())
     return false;
 
-  const String error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
+  const std::string error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
 
   bool success = false;
   Message buffer;
@@ -673,22 +713,19 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
       FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
       NULL));  // The even is unnamed.
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
-  const String filter_flag = String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                                            GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                                            info->test_case_name(),
-                                            info->name());
-  const String internal_flag = String::Format(
-    "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%u|%Iu|%Iu",
-      GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_,
-      kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-      file_, line_,
-      death_test_index,
-      static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId()),
-      // size_t has the same with as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "=" +
+      info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag +
+      "=" + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|" +
+      StreamableToString(static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId())) +
+      // size_t has the same width as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
       // Windows platforms.
       // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle),
-      reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle)) +
+      "|" + StreamableToString(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
 
   char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
@@ -696,10 +733,9 @@ DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
                                             executable_path,
                                             _MAX_PATH));
 
-  String command_line = String::Format("%s %s \"%s\"",
-                                       ::GetCommandLineA(),
-                                       filter_flag.c_str(),
-                                       internal_flag.c_str());
+  std::string command_line =
+      std::string(::GetCommandLineA()) + " " + filter_flag + " \"" +
+      internal_flag + "\"";
 
   DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
 
@@ -816,6 +852,7 @@ DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
     // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
     // down in death test subprocesses.
     GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
+    g_in_fast_death_test_child = true;
     return EXECUTE_TEST;
   } else {
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
@@ -835,6 +872,11 @@ class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
       ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
   virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
+  static ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>
+  GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess() {
+    ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> args = GetInjectableArgvs();
+    return args;
+  }
   // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
   const char* const file_;
   // The line number on which the death test is located.
@@ -869,6 +911,7 @@ class Arguments {
   char* const* Argv() {
     return &args_[0];
   }
+
  private:
   std::vector<char*> args_;
 };
@@ -894,6 +937,7 @@ extern "C" char** environ;
 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#  if !GTEST_OS_QNX
 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
@@ -908,9 +952,8 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
   // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
   if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s",
-                                  original_dir,
-                                  GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
@@ -920,12 +963,12 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
   // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
   // one path separator.
   execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
-  DeathTestAbort(String::Format("execve(%s, ...) in %s failed: %s",
-                                args->argv[0],
-                                original_dir,
-                                GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
+  DeathTestAbort(std::string("execve(") + args->argv[0] + ", ...) in " +
+                 original_dir + " failed: " +
+                 GetLastErrnoDescription());
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
+#  endif  // !GTEST_OS_QNX
 
 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
 // grows.
@@ -936,25 +979,77 @@ static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
 // correct answer.
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
-bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) {
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
+void StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr, bool* result) {
   int dummy;
-  return &dummy < ptr;
+  *result = (&dummy < ptr);
 }
 
+// Make sure AddressSanitizer does not tamper with the stack here.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
 bool StackGrowsDown() {
   int dummy;
-  return StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy);
+  bool result;
+  StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy, &result);
+  return result;
 }
 
-// A threadsafe implementation of fork(2) for threadsafe-style death tests
-// that uses clone(2).  It dies with an error message if anything goes
-// wrong.
-static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
+// Spawns a child process with the same executable as the current process in
+// a thread-safe manner and instructs it to run the death test.  The
+// implementation uses fork(2) + exec.  On systems where clone(2) is
+// available, it is used instead, being slightly more thread-safe.  On QNX,
+// fork supports only single-threaded environments, so this function uses
+// spawn(2) there instead.  The function dies with an error message if
+// anything goes wrong.
+static pid_t ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
   ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
   pid_t child_pid = -1;
 
-#  if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#  if GTEST_OS_QNX
+  // Obtains the current directory and sets it to be closed in the child
+  // process.
+  const int cwd_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(cwd_fd != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(cwd_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
+  // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
+  // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
+  // working directory first.
+  const char* const original_dir =
+      UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
+  // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
+  if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
+    DeathTestAbort(std::string("chdir(\"") + original_dir + "\") failed: " +
+                   GetLastErrnoDescription());
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  int fd_flags;
+  // Set close_fd to be closed after spawn.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fd_flags = fcntl(close_fd, F_GETFD));
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(fcntl(close_fd, F_SETFD,
+                                        fd_flags | FD_CLOEXEC));
+  struct inheritance inherit = {0};
+  // spawn is a system call.
+  child_pid = spawn(args.argv[0], 0, NULL, &inherit, args.argv, GetEnviron());
+  // Restores the current working directory.
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fchdir(cwd_fd) != -1);
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(cwd_fd));
+
+#  else   // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  // When a SIGPROF signal is received while fork() or clone() are executing,
+  // the process may hang. To avoid this, we ignore SIGPROF here and re-enable
+  // it after the call to fork()/clone() is complete.
+  struct sigaction saved_sigprof_action;
+  struct sigaction ignore_sigprof_action;
+  memset(&ignore_sigprof_action, 0, sizeof(ignore_sigprof_action));
+  sigemptyset(&ignore_sigprof_action.sa_mask);
+  ignore_sigprof_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(sigaction(
+      SIGPROF, &ignore_sigprof_action, &saved_sigprof_action));
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#   if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
   const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
 
   if (!use_fork) {
@@ -964,21 +1059,37 @@ static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
     void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                              MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
+
+    // Maximum stack alignment in bytes:  For a downward-growing stack, this
+    // amount is subtracted from size of the stack space to get an address
+    // that is within the stack space and is aligned on all systems we care
+    // about.  As far as I know there is no ABI with stack alignment greater
+    // than 64.  We assume stack and stack_size already have alignment of
+    // kMaxStackAlignment.
+    const size_t kMaxStackAlignment = 64;
     void* const stack_top =
-        static_cast<char*>(stack) + (stack_grows_down ? stack_size : 0);
+        static_cast<char*>(stack) +
+            (stack_grows_down ? stack_size - kMaxStackAlignment : 0);
+    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack_size > kMaxStackAlignment &&
+        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(stack_top) % kMaxStackAlignment == 0);
 
     child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
 
     GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
   }
-#  else
+#   else
   const bool use_fork = true;
-#  endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+#   endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
 
   if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
       ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
       _exit(0);
   }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+  GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(
+      sigaction(SIGPROF, &saved_sigprof_action, NULL));
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
   return child_pid;
@@ -1006,16 +1117,16 @@ DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
 
-  const String filter_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
-                     info->test_case_name(), info->name());
-  const String internal_flag =
-      String::Format("--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%d",
-                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
-                     file_, line_, death_test_index, pipe_fd[1]);
+  const std::string filter_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kFilterFlag + "="
+      + info->test_case_name() + "." + info->name();
+  const std::string internal_flag =
+      std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + kInternalRunDeathTestFlag + "="
+      + file_ + "|" + StreamableToString(line_) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(death_test_index) + "|"
+      + StreamableToString(pipe_fd[1]);
   Arguments args;
-  args.AddArguments(GetArgvs());
+  args.AddArguments(GetArgvsForDeathTestChildProcess());
   args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
   args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
 
@@ -1026,7 +1137,7 @@ DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
   // is necessary.
   FlushInfoLog();
 
-  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestFork(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
+  const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestSpawnChild(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
   GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
   set_child_pid(child_pid);
   set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
@@ -1052,9 +1163,10 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 
   if (flag != NULL) {
     if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
-      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-          "Death test count (%d) somehow exceeded expected maximum (%d)",
-          death_test_index, flag->index()));
+      DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+          "Death test count (" + StreamableToString(death_test_index)
+          + ") somehow exceeded expected maximum ("
+          + StreamableToString(flag->index()) + ")");
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -1083,9 +1195,9 @@ bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
   else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
-    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
-        "Unknown death test style \"%s\" encountered",
-        GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style).c_str()));
+    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(
+        "Unknown death test style \"" + GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)
+        + "\" encountered");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1123,8 +1235,8 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                                                    FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                                    parent_process_id));
   if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format("Unable to open parent process %u",
-                                  parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to open parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
@@ -1144,9 +1256,10 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                                  // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                          FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the pipe handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        write_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
@@ -1157,17 +1270,18 @@ int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
                          0x0,
                          FALSE,
                          DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to duplicate the event handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
-        event_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to duplicate the event handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(event_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " from the parent process " +
+                   StreamableToString(parent_process_id));
   }
 
   const int write_fd =
       ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
   if (write_fd == -1) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Unable to convert pipe handle %Iu to a file descriptor",
-        write_handle_as_size_t));
+    DeathTestAbort("Unable to convert pipe handle " +
+                   StreamableToString(write_handle_as_size_t) +
+                   " to a file descriptor");
   }
 
   // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
@@ -1204,9 +1318,8 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: " +
+                   GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
   write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
                                      write_handle_as_size_t,
@@ -1217,9 +1330,8 @@ InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
       || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
-    DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
-        "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
-        GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
+    DeathTestAbort("Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: "
+        + GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test));
   }
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
index 91b257138..0292dc119 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-filepath.cc
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 //
 // Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)
 
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-filepath.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <direct.h>
 # include <io.h>
-#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_NACL
-// Symbian OpenC and NaCl have PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
+#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
 # include <sys/syslimits.h>
 #else
 # include <limits.h>
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ namespace internal {
 // of them.
 const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
 const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "\\";
 const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 #else
 const char kPathSeparator = '/';
-const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "/";
 const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ static bool IsPathSeparator(char c) {
 
 // Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
 FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
   // something reasonable.
   return FilePath(kCurrentDirectoryString);
@@ -107,7 +106,14 @@ FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
   return FilePath(_getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #else
   char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
-  return FilePath(getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) == NULL ? "" : cwd);
+  char* result = getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
+# if GTEST_OS_NACL
+  // getcwd will likely fail in NaCl due to the sandbox, so return something
+  // reasonable. The user may have provided a shim implementation for getcwd,
+  // however, so fallback only when failure is detected.
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? kCurrentDirectoryString : cwd);
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_NACL
+  return FilePath(result == NULL ? "" : cwd);
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 }
 
@@ -116,9 +122,10 @@ FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
 // FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
 // found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension(const char* extension) const {
-  String dot_extension(String::Format(".%s", extension));
-  if (pathname_.EndsWithCaseInsensitive(dot_extension.c_str())) {
-    return FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 4));
+  const std::string dot_extension = std::string(".") + extension;
+  if (String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(pathname_, dot_extension)) {
+    return FilePath(pathname_.substr(
+        0, pathname_.length() - dot_extension.length()));
   }
   return *this;
 }
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  return last_sep ? FilePath(String(last_sep + 1)) : *this;
+  return last_sep ? FilePath(last_sep + 1) : *this;
 }
 
 // RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
@@ -158,9 +165,9 @@ FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
 // On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
   const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
-  String dir;
+  std::string dir;
   if (last_sep) {
-    dir = String(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
+    dir = std::string(c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str());
   } else {
     dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
   }
@@ -177,11 +184,12 @@ FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName(const FilePath& directory,
                                 const FilePath& base_name,
                                 int number,
                                 const char* extension) {
-  String file;
+  std::string file;
   if (number == 0) {
-    file = String::Format("%s.%s", base_name.c_str(), extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "." + extension;
   } else {
-    file = String::Format("%s_%d.%s", base_name.c_str(), number, extension);
+    file = base_name.string() + "_" + StreamableToString(number)
+        + "." + extension;
   }
   return ConcatPaths(directory, FilePath(file));
 }
@@ -193,8 +201,7 @@ FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths(const FilePath& directory,
   if (directory.IsEmpty())
     return relative_path;
   const FilePath dir(directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator());
-  return FilePath(String::Format("%s%c%s", dir.c_str(), kPathSeparator,
-                                 relative_path.c_str()));
+  return FilePath(dir.string() + kPathSeparator + relative_path.string());
 }
 
 // Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
@@ -338,7 +345,7 @@ bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
 // On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
 FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
   return IsDirectory()
-      ? FilePath(String(pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 1))
+      ? FilePath(pathname_.substr(0, pathname_.length() - 1))
       : *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
index 65a2101a4..0ac7a109b 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
 // part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
 #if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
-// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
+// If this file is included from the user's code, just say no.
 # error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
 # error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
 #endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@
 
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -112,6 +117,12 @@ GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty);
 // Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
 GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms);
 
+// Converts the given time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO 8601
+// format, without the timezone information.  N.B.: due to the use the
+// non-reentrant localtime() function, this function is not thread safe.  Do
+// not use it in any code that can be called from multiple threads.
+GTEST_API_ std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms);
+
 // Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
@@ -190,37 +201,35 @@ class GTestFlagSaver {
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = stream_result_to_;
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = throw_on_failure_;
   }
+
  private:
   // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
   bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
   bool break_on_failure_;
   bool catch_exceptions_;
-  String color_;
-  String death_test_style_;
+  std::string color_;
+  std::string death_test_style_;
   bool death_test_use_fork_;
-  String filter_;
-  String internal_run_death_test_;
+  std::string filter_;
+  std::string internal_run_death_test_;
   bool list_tests_;
-  String output_;
+  std::string output_;
   bool print_time_;
-  bool pretty_;
   internal::Int32 random_seed_;
   internal::Int32 repeat_;
   bool shuffle_;
   internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
-  String stream_result_to_;
+  std::string stream_result_to_;
   bool throw_on_failure_;
 } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
 
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str);
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+GTEST_API_ std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point);
 
 // Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
@@ -235,7 +244,7 @@ GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str);
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-GTEST_API_ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
+GTEST_API_ std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars);
 
 // Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
 // if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
@@ -339,16 +348,15 @@ class TestPropertyKeyIs {
   // Constructor.
   //
   // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
-  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const char* key)
-      : key_(key) {}
+  explicit TestPropertyKeyIs(const std::string& key) : key_(key) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
   bool operator()(const TestProperty& test_property) const {
-    return String(test_property.key()).Compare(key_) == 0;
+    return test_property.key() == key_;
   }
 
  private:
-  String key_;
+  std::string key_;
 };
 
 // Class UnitTestOptions.
@@ -366,12 +374,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
   // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
   // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-  static String GetOutputFormat();
+  static std::string GetOutputFormat();
 
   // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
   // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
   // none was explicitly specified.
-  static String GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
+  static std::string GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();
 
   // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.
 
@@ -384,8 +392,8 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
 
   // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
   // name and the test name.
-  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                const String &test_name);
+  static bool FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                const std::string &test_name);
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.
@@ -398,7 +406,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
 
   // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
   // filters in "filter".
-  static bool MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter);
+  static bool MatchesFilter(const std::string& name, const char* filter);
 };
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
@@ -411,13 +419,13 @@ class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
   virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
   //
   //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
   //                in the trace.
   //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
   //                against max_depth.
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) = 0;
 
   // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
   // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
@@ -432,8 +440,11 @@ class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
 class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
   OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_(NULL) {}
-  virtual String CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count);
-  virtual void UponLeavingGTest();
+
+  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
+      GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
+
+  virtual void UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_);
 
   // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
   // Google Test's implementation.
@@ -455,7 +466,7 @@ class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
 struct TraceInfo {
   const char* file;
   int line;
-  String message;
+  std::string message;
 };
 
 // This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
@@ -539,15 +550,25 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // Gets the number of failed tests.
   int failed_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+  int reportable_disabled_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of disabled tests.
   int disabled_test_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+  int reportable_test_count() const;
+
   // Gets the number of all tests.
   int total_test_count() const;
 
   // Gets the number of tests that should run.
   int test_to_run_count() const;
 
+  // Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp() const { return start_timestamp_; }
+
   // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const { return elapsed_time_; }
 
@@ -596,7 +617,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // getter, and returns it.
   OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();
 
-  // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+  // Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
   //
   // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
   // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -606,7 +627,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
   // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
   // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-  String CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count);
+  std::string CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
 
   // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
   // exist, creates one and returns it.
@@ -696,6 +717,12 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
     ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   }
 
+  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+  // context of a test or a test case, or to the global property set. If the
+  // result already contains a property with the same key, the value will be
+  // updated.
+  void RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property);
+
   enum ReactionToSharding {
     HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
     IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
@@ -880,6 +907,10 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // Our random number generator.
   internal::Random random_;
 
+  // The time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+  // UNIX epoch.
+  TimeInMillis start_timestamp_;
+
   // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
@@ -935,33 +966,7 @@ GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
 // platform.
-GTEST_API_ String GetLastErrnoDescription();
-
-# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
-// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
-class AutoHandle {
- public:
-  AutoHandle() : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
-  explicit AutoHandle(HANDLE handle) : handle_(handle) {}
-
-  ~AutoHandle() { Reset(); }
-
-  HANDLE Get() const { return handle_; }
-  void Reset() { Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); }
-  void Reset(HANDLE handle) {
-    if (handle != handle_) {
-      if (handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        ::CloseHandle(handle_);
-      handle_ = handle;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  HANDLE handle_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
-};
-# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetLastErrnoDescription();
 
 // Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
 // number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
@@ -1018,8 +1023,9 @@ bool ParseNaturalNumber(const ::std::string& str, Integer* number) {
 class TestResultAccessor {
  public:
   static void RecordProperty(TestResult* test_result,
+                             const std::string& xml_element,
                              const TestProperty& property) {
-    test_result->RecordProperty(property);
+    test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, property);
   }
 
   static void ClearTestPartResults(TestResult* test_result) {
@@ -1032,6 +1038,154 @@ class TestResultAccessor {
   }
 };
 
+#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
+// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
+class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
+ public:
+  // Abstract base class for writing strings to a socket.
+  class AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    virtual ~AbstractSocketWriter() {}
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) = 0;
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    virtual void CloseConnection() {}
+
+    // Sends a string and a newline to the socket.
+    void SendLn(const string& message) {
+      Send(message + "\n");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Concrete class for actually writing strings to a socket.
+  class SocketWriter : public AbstractSocketWriter {
+   public:
+    SocketWriter(const string& host, const string& port)
+        : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
+      MakeConnection();
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SocketWriter() {
+      if (sockfd_ != -1)
+        CloseConnection();
+    }
+
+    // Sends a string to the socket.
+    virtual void Send(const string& message) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
+      if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
+            << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
+            << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
+    void MakeConnection();
+
+    // Closes the socket.
+    void CloseConnection() {
+      GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
+          << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
+
+      close(sockfd_);
+      sockfd_ = -1;
+    }
+
+    int sockfd_;  // socket file descriptor
+    const string host_name_;
+    const string port_num_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SocketWriter);
+  };  // class SocketWriter
+
+  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
+  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
+
+  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
+      : socket_writer_(new SocketWriter(host, port)) { Start(); }
+
+  explicit StreamingListener(AbstractSocketWriter* socket_writer)
+      : socket_writer_(socket_writer) { Start(); }
+
+  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramStart");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
+    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
+    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
+    SendLn("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()));
+
+    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
+    socket_writer_->CloseConnection();
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=" +
+           StreamableToString(iteration));
+  }
+
+  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
+    SendLn("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool(unit_test.Passed()) + "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestCaseStart&name=") + test_case.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
+    SendLn("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=" + FormatBool(test_case.Passed())
+           + "&elapsed_time=" + StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time())
+           + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn(std::string("event=TestStart&name=") + test_info.name());
+  }
+
+  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
+    SendLn("event=TestEnd&passed=" +
+           FormatBool((test_info.result())->Passed()) +
+           "&elapsed_time=" +
+           StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()) + "ms");
+  }
+
+  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
+    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
+    if (file_name == NULL)
+      file_name = "";
+    SendLn("event=TestPartResult&file=" + UrlEncode(file_name) +
+           "&line=" + StreamableToString(test_part_result.line_number()) +
+           "&message=" + UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Sends the given message and a newline to the socket.
+  void SendLn(const string& message) { socket_writer_->SendLn(message); }
+
+  // Called at the start of streaming to notify the receiver what
+  // protocol we are using.
+  void Start() { SendLn("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0"); }
+
+  string FormatBool(bool value) { return value ? "1" : "0"; }
+
+  const scoped_ptr<AbstractSocketWriter> socket_writer_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
+};  // class StreamingListener
+
+#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
index b860d4812..b032745b4 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-# include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
-#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
 # include <io.h>
 # include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <map>  // Used in ThreadLocal.
 #else
 # include <unistd.h>
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@
 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+# include <devctl.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <sys/procfs.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
@@ -58,9 +64,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -98,6 +104,26 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
   }
 }
 
+#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+  const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  procfs_info process_info;
+  const int status =
+      devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
+  close(fd);
+  if (status == EOK) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 #else
 
 size_t GetThreadCount() {
@@ -108,6 +134,389 @@ size_t GetThreadCount() {
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  ::Sleep(n);
+}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
+    : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
+    : handle_(handle) {}
+
+AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
+  Reset();
+}
+
+AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
+  return handle_;
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset() {
+  Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
+  // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
+  if (handle_ != handle) {
+    if (IsCloseable()) {
+      ::CloseHandle(handle_);
+    }
+    handle_ = handle;
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
+        << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
+            "and thus not allowed.";
+  }
+}
+
+bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
+  // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
+  // invalid handle.
+  return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+Notification::Notification()
+    : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL,   // Default security attributes.
+                           TRUE,   // Do not reset automatically.
+                           FALSE,  // Initially unset.
+                           NULL)) {  // Anonymous event.
+  GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
+}
+
+void Notification::Notify() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
+}
+
+void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(
+      ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+}
+
+Mutex::Mutex()
+    : type_(kDynamic),
+      owner_thread_id_(0),
+      critical_section_init_phase_(0),
+      critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+  ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+Mutex::~Mutex() {
+  // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
+  // to clean them up.
+  // TODO(yukawa): Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+  // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
+  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa904937.aspx
+  if (type_ == kDynamic) {
+    ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+    delete critical_section_;
+    critical_section_ = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void Mutex::Lock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+  owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void Mutex::Unlock() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
+  // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+  // mutex when this is called.
+  owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+  ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+// with high probability.
+void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
+  ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+  GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
+      << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+}
+
+// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
+  // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
+  if (type_ == kStatic) {
+    switch (
+        ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
+      case 0:
+        // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
+        // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
+        owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+        critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+        ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+        // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
+        // initialization complete.
+        GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                          &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
+                      1L);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
+        // are done.
+        while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
+                                            2L,
+                                            2L) != 2L) {
+          // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
+          // threads.
+          ::Sleep(0);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 2:
+        break;  // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
+
+      default:
+        GTEST_CHECK_(false)
+            << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
+            << "while initializing a static mutex.";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
+                             Notification* thread_can_start) {
+    ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
+    DWORD thread_id;
+    // TODO(yukawa): Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+    HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,    // Default security.
+        0,       // Default stack size.
+        &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
+        param,   // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
+        0x0,     // Default creation flags.
+        &thread_id);  // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
+                                        << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+    if (thread_handle == NULL) {
+      delete param;
+    }
+    return thread_handle;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct ThreadMainParam {
+    ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
+        : runnable_(runnable),
+          thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
+    }
+    scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
+    // Does not own.
+    Notification* thread_can_start_;
+  };
+
+  static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
+    // Transfers ownership.
+    scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
+    if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    param->runnable_->Run();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Prohibit instantiation.
+  ThreadWithParamSupport();
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
+                                         Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
+                                                     thread_can_start)) {
+}
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
+  Join();
+}
+
+void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
+  GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+      << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+}
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
+// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A
+// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
+// values on have terminated.
+class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+        GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+    ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+        thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
+    if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+      thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
+          std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
+      StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
+    }
+    ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+    ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+        thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+    if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
+      value_pos =
+          thread_local_values
+              .insert(std::make_pair(
+                  thread_local_instance,
+                  linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
+                      thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
+              .first;
+    }
+    return value_pos->second.get();
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
+    // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
+          it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
+          ++it) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
+        ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+        if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+          thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
+          // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
+          // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+  static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
+    std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+    // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
+    // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+    {
+      MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+          GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+      ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+          thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
+      if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+        ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+        for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+            thread_local_values.begin();
+            value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
+            ++value_pos) {
+          value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+        }
+        thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
+      }
+    }
+    // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+    // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
+  typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
+                   linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
+  // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
+  // thread's ID.
+  typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+
+  // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
+  // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
+  typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
+
+  static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
+    // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
+    // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
+    HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+                                 FALSE,
+                                 thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
+    // We need to to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+    // to work correctly under Win98.
+    DWORD watcher_thread_id;
+    HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
+        NULL,   // Default security.
+        0,      // Default stack size
+        &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
+        reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
+        CREATE_SUSPENDED,
+        &watcher_thread_id);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
+    // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
+    // blocked by it.
+    ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
+                        ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
+    ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
+    ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
+  }
+
+  // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
+  // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
+  static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
+    const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
+        reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
+    GTEST_CHECK_(
+        ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+    OnThreadExit(tah->first);
+    ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
+    delete tah;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns map of thread local instances.
+  static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
+    mutex_.AssertHeld();
+    static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex mutex_;
+  // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
+  static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
+};
+
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+
+ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+  ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
@@ -222,7 +631,7 @@ bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
 }
 
 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
-String FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 }
@@ -429,15 +838,15 @@ const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0) {
-    return String::Format("%s:", file_name).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":";
   }
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-  return String::Format("%s(%d):", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
 #else
-  return String::Format("%s:%d:", file_name, line).c_str();
+  return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 }
 
@@ -448,12 +857,12 @@ GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
     const char* file, int line) {
-  const char* const file_name = file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file;
+  const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 
   if (line < 0)
     return file_name;
   else
-    return String::Format("%s:%d", file_name, line).c_str();
+    return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
 }
 
 
@@ -477,10 +886,7 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
 }
 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)
-# pragma warning(disable: 4996)
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
@@ -488,8 +894,7 @@ GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
 class CapturedStream {
  public:
   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
-  CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
-
+  explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
@@ -506,10 +911,29 @@ class CapturedStream {
                                     << temp_file_path;
     filename_ = temp_file_path;
 # else
-    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the
-    // current directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp
-    // directory instead.
+    // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
+    // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
+    // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
+    // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+    // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
+    // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
+    // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
+    // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
+    // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
+    // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
+    // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
+    //
+    // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
+    // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
+    // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
+    // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
+    // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
+    // use /sdcard.
+    char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  else
     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
     filename_ = name_template;
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
@@ -522,7 +946,7 @@ class CapturedStream {
     remove(filename_.c_str());
   }
 
-  String GetCapturedString() {
+  std::string GetCapturedString() {
     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
       // Restores the original stream.
       fflush(NULL);
@@ -532,14 +956,14 @@ class CapturedStream {
     }
 
     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
-    const String content = ReadEntireFile(file);
+    const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
     posix::FClose(file);
     return content;
   }
 
  private:
-  // Reads the entire content of a file as a String.
-  static String ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
+  // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
+  static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 
   // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
   static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
@@ -559,7 +983,7 @@ size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
 }
 
 // Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
-String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
+std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
   const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
   char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
 
@@ -575,15 +999,13 @@ String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
     bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
   } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
 
-  const String content(buffer, bytes_read);
+  const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
   delete[] buffer;
 
   return content;
 }
 
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
@@ -598,8 +1020,8 @@ void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
 }
 
 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
-  const String content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
+std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+  const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 
   delete *captured_stream;
   *captured_stream = NULL;
@@ -618,21 +1040,37 @@ void CaptureStderr() {
 }
 
 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStdout() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout); }
+std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
+}
 
 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
-String GetCapturedStderr() { return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr); }
+std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
+  return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
+}
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<String> g_argvs;
+::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+
+static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
+                                        NULL;  // Owned.
 
-// Returns the command line as a vector of strings.
-const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs() { return g_argvs; }
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
+    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
+}
 
+const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
+    return *g_injected_test_argvs;
+  }
+  return g_argvs;
+}
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -647,8 +1085,8 @@ void Abort() {
 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
-static String FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
-  const String full_flag =
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+  const std::string full_flag =
       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
 
   Message env_var;
@@ -705,7 +1143,7 @@ bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
 //
 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
@@ -715,7 +1153,7 @@ bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
     // The environment variable is not set.
@@ -737,7 +1175,7 @@ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
-  const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
 }
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
index ed63c7b3b..a2df412f8 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-printers.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <cwchar>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <string>
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
@@ -55,15 +56,10 @@ namespace {
 
 using ::std::ostream;
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s.
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#elif _MSC_VER >= 1400  // VC 8.0 and later deprecate snprintf and _snprintf.
-# define snprintf _snprintf_s
-#elif _MSC_VER
-# define snprintf _snprintf
-#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
-
 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
                                 size_t count, ostream* os) {
   char text[5] = "";
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start,
       else
         *os << '-';
     }
-    snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
+    GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]);
     *os << text;
   }
 }
@@ -184,16 +180,16 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
         *os << static_cast<char>(c);
         return kAsIs;
       } else {
-        *os << String::Format("\\x%X", static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
+        *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
         return kHexEscape;
       }
   }
   return kSpecialEscape;
 }
 
-// Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
+// Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
   switch (c) {
     case L'\'':
       *os << "'";
@@ -208,8 +204,9 @@ static CharFormat PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) {
 
 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
-static CharFormat PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
-  return PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), os);
+static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) {
+  return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
+      static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os);
 }
 
 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code.  '\0' is printed
@@ -228,7 +225,7 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
   // obvious).
   if (c == 0)
     return;
-  *os << " (" << String::Format("%d", c).c_str();
+  *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c);
 
   // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
   // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
@@ -236,8 +233,7 @@ void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) {
   if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) {
     // Do nothing.
   } else {
-    *os << String::Format(", 0x%X",
-                          static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)).c_str();
+    *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c));
   }
   *os << ")";
 }
@@ -255,48 +251,69 @@ void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) {
   PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
-// and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.  CharType must be either
+// char or wchar_t.
+// The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
+// and may not be NUL-terminated.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
+  *os << kQuoteBegin;
   bool is_previous_hex = false;
   for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const char cur = begin[index];
+    const CharType cur = begin[index];
     if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) {
       // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
       // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
       // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" \"";
+      *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin;
     }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
+    is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
   }
   *os << "\"";
 }
 
+// Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.  CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
+template <typename CharType>
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
+    const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  // The code
+  //   const char kFoo[] = "foo";
+  // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
+  //
+  // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
+  // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
+  // written in the source code.
+  if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') {
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
+  //    const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
+  // we must print the entire array.  We also print a message to indicate
+  // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  *os << " (no terminating NUL)";
+}
+
 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
-  PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os);
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
-// Prints the given array of wide characters to the ostream.
-// The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include L'\0'
-// characters and may not be null-terminated.
-static void PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len,
-                                     ostream* os) {
-  *os << "L\"";
-  bool is_previous_hex = false;
-  for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) {
-    const wchar_t cur = begin[index];
-    if (is_previous_hex && isascii(cur) && IsXDigit(static_cast<char>(cur))) {
-      // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
-      // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
-      // disambiguate.
-      *os << "\" L\"";
-    }
-    is_previous_hex = PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape;
-  }
-  *os << "\"";
+// Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
+// 'begin'.
+void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) {
+  UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os);
 }
 
 // Prints the given C string to the ostream.
@@ -322,7 +339,7 @@ void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) {
     *os << "NULL";
   } else {
     *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to ";
-    PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os);
+    PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os);
   }
 }
 #endif  // wchar_t is native
@@ -341,13 +358,13 @@ void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) {
 // Prints a ::wstring object.
 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) {
-  PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
+  PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
index 5ddc67c1c..fb0e35425 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-test-part.cc
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
-// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
-// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick exists to
+// prevent the accidental inclusion of gtest-internal-inl.h in the
+// user's code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
 
 // Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
 // in it.
-internal::String TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
+std::string TestPartResult::ExtractSummary(const char* message) {
   const char* const stack_trace = strstr(message, internal::kStackTraceMarker);
-  return stack_trace == NULL ? internal::String(message) :
-      internal::String(message, stack_trace - message);
+  return stack_trace == NULL ? message :
+      std::string(message, stack_trace);
 }
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult object.
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
index a5cc88f92..e11d050a4 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest-typed-test.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ static const char* SkipSpaces(const char* str) {
   return str;
 }
 
+static std::vector<std::string> SplitIntoTestNames(const char* src) {
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec;
+  src = SkipSpaces(src);
+  for (; src != NULL; src = SkipComma(src)) {
+    name_vec.push_back(StripTrailingSpaces(GetPrefixUntilComma(src)));
+  }
+  return name_vec;
+}
+
 // Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
 // defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
 // aborts the program otherwise.
@@ -53,15 +62,14 @@ const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
   typedef ::std::set<const char*>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
   registered_ = true;
 
-  // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
-  // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
-  registered_tests = SkipSpaces(registered_tests);
+  std::vector<std::string> name_vec = SplitIntoTestNames(registered_tests);
 
   Message errors;
-  ::std::set<String> tests;
-  for (const char* names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
-       names = SkipComma(names)) {
-    const String name = GetPrefixUntilComma(names);
+
+  std::set<std::string> tests;
+  for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator name_it = name_vec.begin();
+       name_it != name_vec.end(); ++name_it) {
+    const std::string& name = *name_it;
     if (tests.count(name) != 0) {
       errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
       continue;
@@ -93,7 +101,7 @@ const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
     }
   }
 
-  const String& errors_str = errors.GetString();
+  const std::string& errors_str = errors.GetString();
   if (errors_str != "") {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
             errors_str.c_str());
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
index ee5eb1c49..7fd5f298d 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -39,10 +39,15 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <wchar.h>
 #include <wctype.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
 #include <ostream>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
@@ -77,6 +82,7 @@
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
 
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
 
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@
 // cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
 // silence it.
 # include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
+# undef min
 
 #else
 
@@ -121,6 +128,8 @@
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 # include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
 # include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/socket.h>  // NOLINT
+# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
@@ -179,6 +188,10 @@ bool g_help_flag = false;
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
+  return kUniversalFilter;
+}
+
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
     also_run_disabled_tests,
     internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
@@ -201,11 +214,11 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
     "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
     "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
-    "is set to xterm, xterm-color, xterm-256color, linux or cygwin.");
+    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
 
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     filter,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", kUniversalFilter),
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
     "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
     "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
     "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
@@ -305,7 +318,7 @@ UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
 // Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
 // InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
 // under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
-int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
+GTEST_API_ int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
 static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return g_init_gtest_count != 0; }
 
 // Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
@@ -360,10 +373,10 @@ void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
 }
 
 // Mutex for linked pointers.
-GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
+GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
 // Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
-String g_executable_path;
+std::string g_executable_path;
 
 // Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
 // is present.
@@ -382,29 +395,29 @@ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
 // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
 
 // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
-  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return String("");
+  if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   return (colon == NULL) ?
-      String(gtest_output_flag) :
-      String(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
+      std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
 }
 
 // Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
 // was explicitly specified.
-String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
+std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
   const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
   if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
-    return String("");
+    return "";
 
   const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
   if (colon == NULL)
-    return String(internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
-               internal::FilePath(
-                   UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
-               internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).ToString() );
+    return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
+        internal::FilePath(
+            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
+        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();
 
   internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
   if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
@@ -417,12 +430,12 @@ String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
         internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
 
   if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
-    return output_name.ToString();
+    return output_name.string();
 
   internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
       output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
       GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
-  return result.ToString();
+  return result.string();
 }
 
 // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
@@ -447,7 +460,8 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
   }
 }
 
-bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
+bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
+    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
   const char *cur_pattern = filter;
   for (;;) {
     if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
@@ -467,28 +481,24 @@ bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(const String& name, const char* filter) {
   }
 }
 
-// TODO(keithray): move String function implementations to gtest-string.cc.
-
 // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
 // name and the test name.
-bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const String &test_case_name,
-                                        const String &test_name) {
-  const String& full_name = String::Format("%s.%s",
-                                           test_case_name.c_str(),
-                                           test_name.c_str());
+bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
+                                        const std::string &test_name) {
+  const std::string& full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
 
   // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
   // positive filter and negative filter portions
   const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
   const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
-  String positive;
-  String negative;
+  std::string positive;
+  std::string negative;
   if (dash == NULL) {
     positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
-    negative = String("");
+    negative = "";
   } else {
-    positive = String(p, dash - p);  // Everything up to the dash
-    negative = String(dash+1);       // Everything after the dash
+    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
+    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
     if (positive.empty()) {
       // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
       positive = kUniversalFilter;
@@ -608,7 +618,7 @@ AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
                               const TestPartResultArray& results,
                               TestPartResult::Type type,
                               const string& substr) {
-  const String expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
+  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                         "1 fatal failure" :
                         "1 non-fatal failure");
   Message msg;
@@ -731,11 +741,22 @@ int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
+                             &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
@@ -746,7 +767,7 @@ int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
   return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -756,9 +777,9 @@ int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
 // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
+std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
   (void)skip_count;
-  return String("");
+  return "";
 }
 
 // Returns the current time in milliseconds.
@@ -787,21 +808,13 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
   __timeb64 now;
 
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-
   // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
   // (deprecated function) there.
   // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
   //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
-#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
   _ftime64(&now);
-#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-# else
-
-  _ftime64(&now);
-
-# endif  // _MSC_VER
+  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 
   return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
 #elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
@@ -815,41 +828,7 @@ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
 
 // Utilities
 
-// class String
-
-// Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
-// otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
-// for input "Hello".
-//
-// This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
-//
-// Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
-String String::ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str) {
-  return c_str ? String::Format("\"%s\"", c_str) : String("(null)");
-}
-
-// Copies at most length characters from str into a newly-allocated
-// piece of memory of size length+1.  The memory is allocated with new[].
-// A terminating null byte is written to the memory, and a pointer to it
-// is returned.  If str is NULL, NULL is returned.
-static char* CloneString(const char* str, size_t length) {
-  if (str == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    char* const clone = new char[length + 1];
-    posix::StrNCpy(clone, str, length);
-    clone[length] = '\0';
-    return clone;
-  }
-}
-
-// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
-// caller is responsible for deleting[] the return value.  Returns the
-// cloned string, or NULL if the input is NULL.
-const char * String::CloneCString(const char* c_str) {
-  return (c_str == NULL) ?
-                    NULL : CloneString(c_str, strlen(c_str));
-}
+// class String.
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
@@ -906,11 +885,6 @@ bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
 // encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
 static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
                                      Message* msg) {
-  // TODO(wan): consider allowing a testing::String object to
-  // contain '\0'.  This will make it behave more like std::string,
-  // and will allow ToUtf8String() to return the correct encoding
-  // for '\0' s.t. we can get rid of the conditional here (and in
-  // several other places).
   for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
     if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
       *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
@@ -927,6 +901,26 @@ static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
+// Constructs an empty Message.
+// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
+// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
+// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
+// the stack space.
+Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
+  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
+  // a double to a Message.
+  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
+}
+
+// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
+// using the UTF-8 encoding.
+Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
+  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
@@ -945,6 +939,12 @@ Message& Message::operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 
+// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
+// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
+std::string Message::GetString() const {
+  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
+}
+
 // AssertionResult constructors.
 // Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
 AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
@@ -954,6 +954,13 @@ AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
                static_cast< ::std::string*>(NULL)) {
 }
 
+// Swaps two AssertionResults.
+void AssertionResult::swap(AssertionResult& other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(success_, other.success_);
+  swap(message_, other.message_);
+}
+
 // Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
 AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
   AssertionResult negation(!success_);
@@ -980,6 +987,276 @@ AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
 
 namespace internal {
 
+namespace edit_distance {
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(const std::vector<size_t>& left,
+                                            const std::vector<size_t>& right) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<double> > costs(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<double>(right.size() + 1));
+  std::vector<std::vector<EditType> > best_move(
+      left.size() + 1, std::vector<EditType>(right.size() + 1));
+
+  // Populate for empty right.
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < costs.size(); ++l_i) {
+    costs[l_i][0] = static_cast<double>(l_i);
+    best_move[l_i][0] = kRemove;
+  }
+  // Populate for empty left.
+  for (size_t r_i = 1; r_i < costs[0].size(); ++r_i) {
+    costs[0][r_i] = static_cast<double>(r_i);
+    best_move[0][r_i] = kAdd;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < left.size(); ++l_i) {
+    for (size_t r_i = 0; r_i < right.size(); ++r_i) {
+      if (left[l_i] == right[r_i]) {
+        // Found a match. Consume it.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = costs[l_i][r_i];
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kMatch;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const double add = costs[l_i + 1][r_i];
+      const double remove = costs[l_i][r_i + 1];
+      const double replace = costs[l_i][r_i];
+      if (add < remove && add < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = add + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kAdd;
+      } else if (remove < add && remove < replace) {
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = remove + 1;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kRemove;
+      } else {
+        // We make replace a little more expensive than add/remove to lower
+        // their priority.
+        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = replace + 1.00001;
+        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kReplace;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Reconstruct the best path. We do it in reverse order.
+  std::vector<EditType> best_path;
+  for (size_t l_i = left.size(), r_i = right.size(); l_i > 0 || r_i > 0;) {
+    EditType move = best_move[l_i][r_i];
+    best_path.push_back(move);
+    l_i -= move != kAdd;
+    r_i -= move != kRemove;
+  }
+  std::reverse(best_path.begin(), best_path.end());
+  return best_path;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class to convert string into ids with deduplication.
+class InternalStrings {
+ public:
+  size_t GetId(const std::string& str) {
+    IdMap::iterator it = ids_.find(str);
+    if (it != ids_.end()) return it->second;
+    size_t id = ids_.size();
+    return ids_[str] = id;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::map<std::string, size_t> IdMap;
+  IdMap ids_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& right) {
+  std::vector<size_t> left_ids, right_ids;
+  {
+    InternalStrings intern_table;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < left.size(); ++i) {
+      left_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(left[i]));
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < right.size(); ++i) {
+      right_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(right[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  return CalculateOptimalEdits(left_ids, right_ids);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class that holds the state for one hunk and prints it out to the
+// stream.
+// It reorders adds/removes when possible to group all removes before all
+// adds. It also adds the hunk header before printint into the stream.
+class Hunk {
+ public:
+  Hunk(size_t left_start, size_t right_start)
+      : left_start_(left_start),
+        right_start_(right_start),
+        adds_(),
+        removes_(),
+        common_() {}
+
+  void PushLine(char edit, const char* line) {
+    switch (edit) {
+      case ' ':
+        ++common_;
+        FlushEdits();
+        hunk_.push_back(std::make_pair(' ', line));
+        break;
+      case '-':
+        ++removes_;
+        hunk_removes_.push_back(std::make_pair('-', line));
+        break;
+      case '+':
+        ++adds_;
+        hunk_adds_.push_back(std::make_pair('+', line));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintTo(std::ostream* os) {
+    PrintHeader(os);
+    FlushEdits();
+    for (std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> >::const_iterator it =
+             hunk_.begin();
+         it != hunk_.end(); ++it) {
+      *os << it->first << it->second << "\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool has_edits() const { return adds_ || removes_; }
+
+ private:
+  void FlushEdits() {
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_removes_);
+    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_adds_);
+  }
+
+  // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
+  // The format is
+  //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
+  // where the left/right parts are ommitted if unnecessary.
+  void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
+    *ss << "@@ ";
+    if (removes_) {
+      *ss << "-" << left_start_ << "," << (removes_ + common_);
+    }
+    if (removes_ && adds_) {
+      *ss << " ";
+    }
+    if (adds_) {
+      *ss << "+" << right_start_ << "," << (adds_ + common_);
+    }
+    *ss << " @@\n";
+  }
+
+  size_t left_start_, right_start_;
+  size_t adds_, removes_, common_;
+  std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> > hunk_, hunk_adds_, hunk_removes_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Create a list of diff hunks in Unified diff format.
+// Each hunk has a header generated by PrintHeader above plus a body with
+// lines prefixed with ' ' for no change, '-' for deletion and '+' for
+// addition.
+// 'context' represents the desired unchanged prefix/suffix around the diff.
+// If two hunks are close enough that their contexts overlap, then they are
+// joined into one hunk.
+std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& right,
+                              size_t context) {
+  const std::vector<EditType> edits = CalculateOptimalEdits(left, right);
+
+  size_t l_i = 0, r_i = 0, edit_i = 0;
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  while (edit_i < edits.size()) {
+    // Find first edit.
+    while (edit_i < edits.size() && edits[edit_i] == kMatch) {
+      ++l_i;
+      ++r_i;
+      ++edit_i;
+    }
+
+    // Find the first line to include in the hunk.
+    const size_t prefix_context = std::min(l_i, context);
+    Hunk hunk(l_i - prefix_context + 1, r_i - prefix_context + 1);
+    for (size_t i = prefix_context; i > 0; --i) {
+      hunk.PushLine(' ', left[l_i - i].c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Iterate the edits until we found enough suffix for the hunk or the input
+    // is over.
+    size_t n_suffix = 0;
+    for (; edit_i < edits.size(); ++edit_i) {
+      if (n_suffix >= context) {
+        // Continue only if the next hunk is very close.
+        std::vector<EditType>::const_iterator it = edits.begin() + edit_i;
+        while (it != edits.end() && *it == kMatch) ++it;
+        if (it == edits.end() || (it - edits.begin()) - edit_i >= context) {
+          // There is no next edit or it is too far away.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      EditType edit = edits[edit_i];
+      // Reset count when a non match is found.
+      n_suffix = edit == kMatch ? n_suffix + 1 : 0;
+
+      if (edit == kMatch || edit == kRemove || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine(edit == kMatch ? ' ' : '-', left[l_i].c_str());
+      }
+      if (edit == kAdd || edit == kReplace) {
+        hunk.PushLine('+', right[r_i].c_str());
+      }
+
+      // Advance indices, depending on edit type.
+      l_i += edit != kAdd;
+      r_i += edit != kRemove;
+    }
+
+    if (!hunk.has_edits()) {
+      // We are done. We don't want this hunk.
+      break;
+    }
+
+    hunk.PrintTo(&ss);
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace edit_distance
+
+namespace {
+
+// The string representation of the values received in EqFailure() are already
+// escaped. Split them on escaped '\n' boundaries. Leave all other escaped
+// characters the same.
+std::vector<std::string> SplitEscapedString(const std::string& str) {
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  size_t start = 0, end = str.size();
+  if (end > 2 && str[0] == '"' && str[end - 1] == '"') {
+    ++start;
+    --end;
+  }
+  bool escaped = false;
+  for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < end; ++i) {
+    if (escaped) {
+      escaped = false;
+      if (str[i] == 'n') {
+        lines.push_back(str.substr(start, i - start - 1));
+        start = i + 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      escaped = str[i] == '\\';
+    }
+  }
+  lines.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
+  return lines;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
 // (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
 //
@@ -997,8 +1274,8 @@ namespace internal {
 // be inserted into the message.
 AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
                           const char* actual_expression,
-                          const String& expected_value,
-                          const String& actual_value,
+                          const std::string& expected_value,
+                          const std::string& actual_value,
                           bool ignoring_case) {
   Message msg;
   msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
@@ -1014,14 +1291,26 @@ AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* expected_expression,
     msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
   }
 
+  if (!expected_value.empty() && !actual_value.empty()) {
+    const std::vector<std::string> expected_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(expected_value);
+    const std::vector<std::string> actual_lines =
+        SplitEscapedString(actual_value);
+    if (expected_lines.size() > 1 || actual_lines.size() > 1) {
+      msg << "\nWith diff:\n"
+          << edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff(expected_lines, actual_lines);
+    }
+  }
+
   return AssertionFailure() << msg;
 }
 
 // Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
-String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
-                                      const char* expression_text,
-                                      const char* actual_predicate_value,
-                                      const char* expected_predicate_value) {
+std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
+    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
+    const char* expression_text,
+    const char* actual_predicate_value,
+    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
   const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
   Message msg;
   msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
@@ -1168,8 +1457,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
 }
 
@@ -1184,8 +1473,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    true);
 }
 
@@ -1349,7 +1638,7 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
   // want inserts expanded.
   const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
-  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;  // String::Format can't exceed this length.
+  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
   // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
   char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
   DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
@@ -1359,7 +1648,7 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
                                           error_text,  // output buffer
                                           kBufSize,  // buf size
                                           NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
-  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing cr-lf)
+  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
   for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
           --message_length) {
     error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
@@ -1367,10 +1656,10 @@ AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
-  const String error_hex(String::Format("0x%08X ", hr));
+  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
   return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
       << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
-      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << error_text << "\n";
+      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -1427,12 +1716,15 @@ inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
 // Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
 // code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
 // wide enough to contain a code point.
-// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
-// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
 // If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
-// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
-// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
-char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
+// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
+// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
+std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
+  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
+    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
+  }
+
+  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
   if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
     str[1] = '\0';
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
@@ -1445,22 +1737,12 @@ char* CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point, char* str) {
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
-  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4) {
+  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
     str[4] = '\0';
     str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
     str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
-  } else {
-    // The longest string String::Format can produce when invoked
-    // with these parameters is 28 character long (not including
-    // the terminating nul character). We are asking for 32 character
-    // buffer just in case. This is also enough for strncpy to
-    // null-terminate the destination string.
-    posix::StrNCpy(
-        str, String::Format("(Invalid Unicode 0x%X)", code_point).c_str(), 32);
-    str[31] = '\0';  // Makes sure no change in the format to strncpy leaves
-                     // the result unterminated.
   }
   return str;
 }
@@ -1501,7 +1783,7 @@ inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
 // as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
 // and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
 // will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
-String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
+std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
   if (num_chars == -1)
     num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
 
@@ -1519,27 +1801,17 @@ String WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
       unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
     }
 
-    char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer this big.
-    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point, buffer);
+    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
   }
   return StringStreamToString(&stream);
 }
 
-// Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
+// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
 // NULL will be converted to "(null)".
-String String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
-
-  return String(internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1).c_str());
-}
-
-// Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
-// the converted string in double quotes.
-String String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
-  if (wide_c_str == NULL) return String("(null)");
+std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
+  if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";
 
-  return String::Format("L\"%s\"",
-                        String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str).c_str());
+  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
 }
 
 // Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
@@ -1567,8 +1839,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
 
   return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                    actual_expression,
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(expected),
-                   String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(actual),
+                   PrintToString(expected),
+                   PrintToString(actual),
                    false);
 }
 
@@ -1583,8 +1855,8 @@ AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
 
   return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
                             << s2_expression << "), actual: "
-                            << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s1)
-                            << " vs " << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted(s2);
+                            << PrintToString(s1)
+                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
 }
 
 // Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
@@ -1635,135 +1907,69 @@ bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
 #endif  // OS selector
 }
 
-// Compares this with another String.
-// Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
-// if this is greater than rhs.
-int String::Compare(const String & rhs) const {
-  const char* const lhs_c_str = c_str();
-  const char* const rhs_c_str = rhs.c_str();
-
-  if (lhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return rhs_c_str == NULL ? 0 : -1;  // NULL < anything except NULL
-  } else if (rhs_c_str == NULL) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  const size_t shorter_str_len =
-      length() <= rhs.length() ? length() : rhs.length();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != shorter_str_len; i++) {
-    if (lhs_c_str[i] < rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return -1;
-    } else if (lhs_c_str[i] > rhs_c_str[i]) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return (length() < rhs.length()) ? -1 :
-      (length() > rhs.length()) ? 1 : 0;
+// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
+// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
+bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
+  const size_t str_len = str.length();
+  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
+  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
+         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
+                                      suffix.c_str());
 }
 
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
-// String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWith(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
+// Formats an int value as "%02d".
+std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
-// Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
-bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix) const {
-  if (suffix == NULL || CStringEquals(suffix, "")) return true;
-
-  if (c_str() == NULL) return false;
-
-  const size_t this_len = strlen(c_str());
-  const size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
-  return (this_len >= suffix_len) &&
-         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix);
+// Formats an int value as "%X".
+std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
-// spec string as for printf.
-//
-// We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
-// available.
-//
-// The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing 0).
-// If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input, or if
-// there's an error, "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" is
-// returned.
-String String::Format(const char * format, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, format);
-
-  char buffer[4096];
-  const int kBufferSize = sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0]);
-
-  // MSVC 8 deprecates vsnprintf(), so we want to suppress warning
-  // 4996 (deprecated function) there.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER  // We are using MSVC.
-# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
-
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-
-# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
-#else  // We are not using MSVC.
-  const int size = vsnprintf(buffer, kBufferSize, format, args);
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
-  va_end(args);
-
-  // vsnprintf()'s behavior is not portable.  When the buffer is not
-  // big enough, it returns a negative value in MSVC, and returns the
-  // needed buffer size on Linux.  When there is an output error, it
-  // always returns a negative value.  For simplicity, we lump the two
-  // error cases together.
-  if (size < 0 || size >= kBufferSize) {
-    return String("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>");
-  } else {
-    return String(buffer, size);
-  }
+// Formats a byte as "%02X".
+std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
+     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
+  return ss.str();
 }
 
-// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to a String, converting NUL
+// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
 // bytes to "\\0" along the way.
-String StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
+std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
   const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
   const char* const start = str.c_str();
   const char* const end = start + str.length();
 
-  // We need to use a helper stringstream to do this transformation
-  // because String doesn't support push_back().
-  ::std::stringstream helper;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
   for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
     if (*ch == '\0') {
-      helper << "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
+      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
     } else {
-      helper.put(*ch);
+      result += *ch;
     }
   }
 
-  return String(helper.str().c_str());
+  return result;
 }
 
 // Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
-String AppendUserMessage(const String& gtest_msg,
-                         const Message& user_msg) {
+std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
+                              const Message& user_msg) {
   // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
-  const String user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
+  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
   if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
     return gtest_msg;
   }
 
-  Message msg;
-  msg << gtest_msg << "\n" << user_msg_string;
-
-  return msg.GetString();
+  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -1811,8 +2017,9 @@ void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
 // Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
 // supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
 // replaces the old value for that key.
-void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  if (!ValidateTestProperty(test_property)) {
+void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
     return;
   }
   internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
@@ -1826,21 +2033,94 @@ void TestResult::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
   property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
 }
 
-// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
-// testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
-bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
-  internal::String key(test_property.key());
-  if (key == "name" || key == "status" || key == "time" || key == "classname") {
-    ADD_FAILURE()
-        << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): "
-        << key
-        << " ('name', 'status', 'time', and 'classname' are reserved by "
-        << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "random_seed",
+  "tests",
+  "time",
+  "timestamp"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
+// output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
+  "disabled",
+  "errors",
+  "failures",
+  "name",
+  "tests",
+  "time"
+};
+
+// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
+static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
+  "classname",
+  "name",
+  "status",
+  "time",
+  "type_param",
+  "value_param"
+};
+
+template <int kSize>
+std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
+  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
+    const std::string& xml_element) {
+  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
+  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
+    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
+  } else {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
+  }
+  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
+  return std::vector<std::string>();
+}
+
+static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  Message word_list;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
+      word_list << ", ";
+    }
+    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
+      word_list << "and ";
+    }
+    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
+  }
+  return word_list.GetString();
+}
+
+bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string& property_name,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
+  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
+          reserved_names.end()) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
+                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
+                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
+// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
+// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
+bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
+                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
+                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
+}
+
 // Clears the object.
 void TestResult::Clear() {
   test_part_results_.clear();
@@ -1916,12 +2196,12 @@ void Test::TearDown() {
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value) {
-  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(key, value);
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
 }
 
 // Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
-void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
+void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
   Message value_message;
   value_message << value;
   RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
@@ -1930,7 +2210,7 @@ void Test::RecordProperty(const char* key, int value) {
 namespace internal {
 
 void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                    const String& message) {
+                                    const std::string& message) {
   // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
   // AddTestPartResult.
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
@@ -1938,7 +2218,7 @@ void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
       NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
       -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
       message,
-      String());  // No stack trace, either.
+      "");   // No stack trace, either.
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -1969,8 +2249,8 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
     const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
 
     if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
-      // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
-      // him/her how to fix it.
+      // Both TEST and TEST_F appear in same test case, which is incorrect.
+      // Tell the user how to fix this.
 
       // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
       // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
@@ -1990,8 +2270,8 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
           << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
           << "case.";
     } else {
-      // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
-      // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
+      // Two fixture classes with the same name appear in two different
+      // namespaces, which is not allowed. Tell the user how to fix this.
       ADD_FAILURE()
           << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
           << "class.  However, in test case "
@@ -2015,22 +2295,24 @@ bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
 // function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
 // prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
 // using __try (see error C2712).
-static internal::String* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
-                                                   const char* location) {
+static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
+                                              const char* location) {
   Message message;
   message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
     exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
 
-  return new internal::String(message.GetString());
+  return new std::string(message.GetString());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
+namespace internal {
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
-static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
-                                                  const char* location) {
+static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
+                                             const char* location) {
   Message message;
   if (description != NULL) {
     message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
@@ -2042,23 +2324,15 @@ static internal::String FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
   return message.GetString();
 }
 
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
 
-// A failed Google Test assertion will throw an exception of this type when
-// GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) is true (if exceptions are enabled).  We
-// derive it from std::runtime_error, which is for errors presumably
-// detectable only at run time.  Since std::runtime_error inherits from
-// std::exception, many testing frameworks know how to extract and print the
-// message inside it.
-class GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
- public:
-  explicit GoogleTestFailureException(const TestPartResult& failure)
-      : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
-};
+GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
+    const TestPartResult& failure)
+    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
-namespace internal {
 // We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
 // compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
 
@@ -2078,7 +2352,7 @@ Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
     // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
     // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
     // (see error C2712).
-    internal::String* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
+    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
         GetExceptionCode(), location);
     internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                                              *exception_message);
@@ -2124,9 +2398,10 @@ Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
     try {
       return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
-    } catch (const GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
-      // This exception doesn't originate in code under test. It makes no
-      // sense to report it as a test failure.
+    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
+      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
+      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
+      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
       throw;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT
       internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
@@ -2185,10 +2460,8 @@ bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
 
 // Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
 // object.
-// TODO(vladl@google.com): Make a_test_case_name and a_name const string&'s
-// to signify they cannot be NULLs.
-TestInfo::TestInfo(const char* a_test_case_name,
-                   const char* a_name,
+TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_case_name,
+                   const std::string& a_name,
                    const char* a_type_param,
                    const char* a_value_param,
                    internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -2227,7 +2500,8 @@ namespace internal {
 //                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
 //                     ownership of the factory object.
 TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
-    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
+    const char* test_case_name,
+    const char* name,
     const char* type_param,
     const char* value_param,
     TypeId fixture_class_id,
@@ -2282,11 +2556,11 @@ class TestNameIs {
 
   // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
   bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
-    return test_info && internal::String(test_info->name()).Compare(name_) == 0;
+    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
   }
 
  private:
-  internal::String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -2365,10 +2639,21 @@ int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
+}
+
+// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
 int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
+}
+
 // Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
 int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
   return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
@@ -2456,6 +2741,7 @@ void TestCase::Run() {
 
 // Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
 void TestCase::ClearResult() {
+  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
   ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
 }
 
@@ -2476,20 +2762,20 @@ void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
 //
 // FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
 // FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
-static internal::String FormatCountableNoun(int count,
-                                            const char * singular_form,
-                                            const char * plural_form) {
-  return internal::String::Format("%d %s", count,
-                                  count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
+static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
+                                       const char * singular_form,
+                                       const char * plural_form) {
+  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
+      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
 }
 
 // Formats the count of tests.
-static internal::String FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
 }
 
 // Formats the count of test cases.
-static internal::String FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
+static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count) {
   return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
 }
 
@@ -2514,8 +2800,10 @@ static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
   }
 }
 
-// Prints a TestPartResult to a String.
-static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
+namespace internal {
+
+// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
+static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
     const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
   return (Message()
           << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
@@ -2526,7 +2814,7 @@ static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
 
 // Prints a TestPartResult.
 static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-  const internal::String& result =
+  const std::string& result =
       PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
   printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
@@ -2545,8 +2833,6 @@ static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
 
 // class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
 
-namespace internal {
-
 enum GTestColor {
   COLOR_DEFAULT,
   COLOR_RED,
@@ -2554,7 +2840,8 @@ enum GTestColor {
   COLOR_YELLOW
 };
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
 
 // Returns the character attribute for the given color.
 WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
@@ -2598,6 +2885,7 @@ bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
+        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
         String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
     return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
@@ -2621,8 +2909,9 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
-  const bool use_color = false;
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || \
+    GTEST_OS_IOS || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  const bool use_color = AlwaysFalse();
 #else
   static const bool in_color_mode =
       ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
@@ -2636,7 +2925,8 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
     return;
   }
 
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
   const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 
   // Gets the current text color.
@@ -2663,6 +2953,11 @@ void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_end(args);
 }
 
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
+static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
+static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
+
 void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
   const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
@@ -2670,12 +2965,12 @@ void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL) {
     printf(", where ");
     if (type_param != NULL) {
-      printf("TypeParam = %s", type_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
       if (value_param != NULL)
         printf(" and ");
     }
     if (value_param != NULL) {
-      printf("GetParam() = %s", value_param);
+      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2707,8 +3002,6 @@ class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
 
  private:
   static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
-
-  internal::String test_case_name_;
 };
 
   // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
@@ -2721,7 +3014,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
 
   // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
   // tests may be skipped.
-  if (!internal::String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
+  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
                   "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
   }
@@ -2755,22 +3048,21 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
-  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str());
+  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
   if (test_case.type_param() == NULL) {
     printf("\n");
   } else {
-    printf(", where TypeParam = %s\n", test_case.type_param());
+    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
   }
   fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   printf("\n");
   fflush(stdout);
 }
@@ -2793,7 +3085,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
   } else {
     ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
   }
-  PrintTestName(test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name());
+  PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
   if (test_info.result()->Failed())
     PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
 
@@ -2809,12 +3101,11 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
 void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
   if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
 
-  test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
-  const internal::String counts =
+  const std::string counts =
       FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
   ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
   printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
-         counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str(),
+         counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
          internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
   fflush(stdout);
 }
@@ -2875,7 +3166,7 @@ void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
                         num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
   }
 
-  int num_disabled = unit_test.disabled_test_count();
+  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
   if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
     if (!num_failures) {
       printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
@@ -3029,18 +3320,27 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
   // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
   // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
   // with character references.
-  static String EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute);
+  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
 
   // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
-  static string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str);
+  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlAttribute(const char* str) {
+  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
     return EscapeXml(str, true);
   }
 
   // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
-  static String EscapeXmlText(const char* str) { return EscapeXml(str, false); }
+  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
+    return EscapeXml(str, false);
+  }
+
+  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
+  // streams the attribute as XML.
+  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
+                                 const std::string& element_name,
+                                 const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& value);
 
   // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
   static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
@@ -3051,19 +3351,21 @@ class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
                                 const TestInfo& test_info);
 
   // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-  static void PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out, const TestCase& test_case);
+  static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const TestCase& test_case);
 
   // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out, const UnitTest& unit_test);
+  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
+                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
 
   // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
   // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-  // When the String is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
+  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
   // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
-  static String TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
+  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
 
   // The output file.
-  const String output_file_;
+  const std::string output_file_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
 };
@@ -3105,7 +3407,9 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
     fflush(stderr);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
-  PrintXmlUnitTest(xmlout, unit_test);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
+  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
   fclose(xmlout);
 }
 
@@ -3121,42 +3425,43 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
 // most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
 // TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
 // escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
+    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
   Message m;
 
-  if (str != NULL) {
-    for (const char* src = str; *src; ++src) {
-      switch (*src) {
-        case '<':
-          m << "&lt;";
-          break;
-        case '>':
-          m << "&gt;";
-          break;
-        case '&':
-          m << "&amp;";
-          break;
-        case '\'':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&apos;";
-          else
-            m << '\'';
-          break;
-        case '"':
-          if (is_attribute)
-            m << "&quot;";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+    const char ch = str[i];
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '<':
+        m << "&lt;";
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        m << "&gt;";
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        m << "&amp;";
+        break;
+      case '\'':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&apos;";
+        else
+          m << '\'';
+        break;
+      case '"':
+        if (is_attribute)
+          m << "&quot;";
+        else
+          m << '"';
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
+          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
+            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
+              << ";";
           else
-            m << '"';
-          break;
-        default:
-          if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*src)) {
-            if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(*src))
-              m << String::Format("&#x%02X;", unsigned(*src));
-            else
-              m << *src;
-          }
-          break;
-      }
+            m << ch;
+        }
+        break;
     }
   }
 
@@ -3166,10 +3471,11 @@ String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(const char* str, bool is_attribute) {
 // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
 // Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
 // alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
-string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const string& str) {
-  string output;
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
+    const std::string& str) {
+  std::string output;
   output.reserve(str.size());
-  for (string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
+  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
     if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
       output.push_back(*it);
 
@@ -3199,6 +3505,37 @@ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
   return ss.str();
 }
 
+static bool PortableLocaltime(time_t seconds, struct tm* out) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  return localtime_s(out, &seconds) == 0;
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+  // MINGW <time.h> provides neither localtime_r nor localtime_s, but uses
+  // Windows' localtime(), which has a thread-local tm buffer.
+  struct tm* tm_ptr = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
+  if (tm_ptr == NULL)
+    return false;
+  *out = *tm_ptr;
+  return true;
+#else
+  return localtime_r(&seconds, out) != NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
+// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
+std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
+  struct tm time_struct;
+  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
+    return "";
+  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
+  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
+      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
+}
+
 // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                      const char* data) {
@@ -3219,48 +3556,63 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
   *stream << "]]>";
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
+    std::ostream* stream,
+    const std::string& element_name,
+    const std::string& name,
+    const std::string& value) {
+  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
+      GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);
+
+  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
+                   allowed_names.end())
+      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
+      << ">.";
+
+  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
+}
+
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
 // TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
 void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
                                                  const char* test_case_name,
                                                  const TestInfo& test_info) {
-  if (test_info.filtered_out ())
-    return;
-
   const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
-  *stream << "    <testcase name=\""
-          << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.name()).c_str() << "\"";
+  const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
+
+  *stream << "    <testcase";
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
 
   if (test_info.value_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " value_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.value_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
+                       test_info.value_param());
   }
   if (test_info.type_param() != NULL) {
-    *stream << " type_param=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_info.type_param())
-            << "\"";
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
   }
 
-  *stream << " status=\""
-          << (test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun")
-          << "\" time=\""
-          << FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time())
-          << "\" classname=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case_name).c_str()
-          << "\"" << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result).c_str();
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
+                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
 
   int failures = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
     const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
     if (part.failed()) {
-      if (++failures == 1)
+      if (++failures == 1) {
         *stream << ">\n";
-      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
-              << EscapeXmlAttribute(part.summary()).c_str()
-              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      }
       const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
           part.file_name(), part.line_number());
-      const string message = location + "\n" + part.message();
-      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream,
-                            RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(message).c_str());
+      const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
+      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
+              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
+              << "\" type=\"\">";
+      const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
+      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
       *stream << "</failure>\n";
     }
   }
@@ -3272,52 +3624,73 @@ void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const TestCase& test_case) {
-  if (test_case.should_skip_report ())
-    return;
+  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
+  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
+          << ">\n";
 
-  fprintf(out,
-          "  <testsuite name=\"%s\" tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" "
-          "disabled=\"%d\" ",
-          EscapeXmlAttribute(test_case.name()).c_str(),
-          test_case.total_test_count(),
-          test_case.failed_test_count(),
-          test_case.disabled_test_count());
-  fprintf(out,
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\">\n",
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
   for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i) {
-    ::std::stringstream stream;
-    OutputXmlTestInfo(&stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
-    fprintf(out, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
+    if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
+      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "  </testsuite>\n");
+  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
-void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(FILE* out,
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
                                                 const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-  fprintf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
-  fprintf(out,
-          "<testsuites tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" disabled=\"%d\" "
-          "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\" ",
-          unit_test.total_test_count(),
-          unit_test.failed_test_count(),
-          unit_test.disabled_test_count(),
-          FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
+  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
+
+  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
+                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
+      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
+  OutputXmlAttribute(
+      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
+      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
+                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
+
   if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
-    fprintf(out, "random_seed=\"%d\" ", unit_test.random_seed());
+    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
+                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
+  }
+
+  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
+
+  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
+  *stream << ">\n";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i) {
+    if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
+      PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
   }
-  fprintf(out, "name=\"AllTests\">\n");
-  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
-    PrintXmlTestCase(out, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
-  fprintf(out, "</testsuites>\n");
+  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
 }
 
 // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
 // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
-String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
+std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
     const TestResult& result) {
   Message attributes;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
@@ -3332,112 +3705,6 @@ String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
-// Streams test results to the given port on the given host machine.
-class StreamingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
- public:
-  // Escapes '=', '&', '%', and '\n' characters in str as "%xx".
-  static string UrlEncode(const char* str);
-
-  StreamingListener(const string& host, const string& port)
-      : sockfd_(-1), host_name_(host), port_num_(port) {
-    MakeConnection();
-    Send("gtest_streaming_protocol_version=1.0\n");
-  }
-
-  virtual ~StreamingListener() {
-    if (sockfd_ != -1)
-      CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */) {
-    Send("event=TestProgramStart\n");
-  }
-
-  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
-    // Note that Google Test current only report elapsed time for each
-    // test iteration, not for the entire test program.
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=%d\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed()));
-
-    // Notify the streaming server to stop.
-    CloseConnection();
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /* unit_test */, int iteration) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationStart&iteration=%d\n",
-                        iteration));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int /* iteration */) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        unit_test.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseStart&name=%s\n", test_case.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-                        test_case.Passed(),
-                        StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestStart&name=%s\n", test_info.name()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
-    Send(String::Format(
-        "event=TestEnd&passed=%d&elapsed_time=%sms\n",
-        (test_info.result())->Passed(),
-        StreamableToString((test_info.result())->elapsed_time()).c_str()));
-  }
-
-  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
-    const char* file_name = test_part_result.file_name();
-    if (file_name == NULL)
-      file_name = "";
-    Send(String::Format("event=TestPartResult&file=%s&line=%d&message=",
-                        UrlEncode(file_name).c_str(),
-                        test_part_result.line_number()));
-    Send(UrlEncode(test_part_result.message()) + "\n");
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Creates a client socket and connects to the server.
-  void MakeConnection();
-
-  // Closes the socket.
-  void CloseConnection() {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "CloseConnection() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    close(sockfd_);
-    sockfd_ = -1;
-  }
-
-  // Sends a string to the socket.
-  void Send(const string& message) {
-    GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ != -1)
-        << "Send() can be called only when there is a connection.";
-
-    const int len = static_cast<int>(message.length());
-    if (write(sockfd_, message.c_str(), len) != len) {
-      GTEST_LOG_(WARNING)
-          << "stream_result_to: failed to stream to "
-          << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
-    }
-  }
-
-  int sockfd_;   // socket file descriptor
-  const string host_name_;
-  const string port_num_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StreamingListener);
-};  // class StreamingListener
-
 // Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
 // replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
 // example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
@@ -3452,7 +3719,7 @@ string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
       case '=':
       case '&':
       case '\n':
-        result.append(String::Format("%%%02x", static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
         break;
       default:
         result.push_back(ch);
@@ -3462,7 +3729,7 @@ string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
   return result;
 }
 
-void StreamingListener::MakeConnection() {
+void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
   GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
       << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
 
@@ -3510,8 +3777,8 @@ void StreamingListener::MakeConnection() {
 
 // Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
 // trace stack maintained by Google Test.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
+ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   TraceInfo trace;
   trace.file = file;
   trace.line = line;
@@ -3521,35 +3788,64 @@ ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char* file, int line, const Message& message) {
 }
 
 // Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
-// L < UnitTest::mutex_
-ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace() {
+ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_) {
   UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
 }
 
 
 // class OsStackTraceGetter
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
 //
 //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
 //                in the trace.
 //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
 //                against max_depth.
 //
-// L < mutex_
-// We use "L < mutex_" to denote that the function may acquire mutex_.
-String OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int, int) {
-  return String("");
+string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /* max_depth */,
+                                             int /* skip_count */)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
+  return "";
 }
 
-// L < mutex_
-void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {
+void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
 }
 
 const char* const
 OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
     "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
 
+// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
+// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
+class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
+    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
+      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
+      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
+      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
+      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
+      fclose(pfile);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
+    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
+      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // class TestEventListeners
@@ -3636,7 +3932,7 @@ void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
 // We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
 // call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
 // value will never change.
-UnitTest * UnitTest::GetInstance() {
+UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
   // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
   // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
   // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
@@ -3686,17 +3982,33 @@ int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
 // Gets the number of failed tests.
 int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
 
+// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of disabled tests.
 int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
   return impl()->disabled_test_count();
 }
 
+// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
+int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
+  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
+}
+
 // Gets the number of all tests.
 int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
 
 // Gets the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
 
+// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
+// UNIX epoch.
+internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
+    return impl()->start_timestamp();
+}
+
 // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
 internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
   return impl()->elapsed_time();
@@ -3715,6 +4027,12 @@ const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
   return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
 }
 
+// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
+// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
+const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
+  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
+}
+
 // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
 // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
 TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i) {
@@ -3750,12 +4068,12 @@ Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
 // assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
 // this to report their results.  The user code should use the
 // assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
-                                 const char* file_name,
-                                 int line_number,
-                                 const internal::String& message,
-                                 const internal::String& os_stack_trace) {
+void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
+    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
+    const char* file_name,
+    int line_number,
+    const std::string& message,
+    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   Message msg;
   msg << message;
 
@@ -3788,7 +4106,7 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
     // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
     // command line for debugging.
     if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
-#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
       // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
       // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
       // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
@@ -3802,7 +4120,7 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-      throw GoogleTestFailureException(result);
+      throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
 #else
       // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
       // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
@@ -3812,12 +4130,14 @@ void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
   }
 }
 
-// Creates and adds a property to the current TestResult. If a property matching
-// the supplied value already exists, updates its value instead.
-void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
-                                            const char* value) {
-  const TestProperty test_property(key, value);
-  impl_->current_test_result()->RecordProperty(test_property);
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
+// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
+// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
+// the same key, the value will be updated.
+void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
+                              const std::string& value) {
+  impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
 }
 
 // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
@@ -3826,21 +4146,45 @@ void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key,
 // We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
 // from the main thread.
 int UnitTest::Run() {
+  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
+      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
+
+  // Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
+  // program exits before returning control to Google Test:
+  //
+  //   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
+  //      is specified by the environment variable
+  //      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
+  //   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
+  //
+  // This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
+  // running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
+  // of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
+  // exited prematurely.
+
+  // If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
+  // create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
+  // and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
+  // the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
+  // somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
+  // premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
+  // that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
+  // test as having failed.
+  const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
+      in_death_test_child_process ?
+      NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));
+
   // Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
   // used for the duration of the program.
   impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
-  const bool in_death_test_child_process =
-      internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
-
   // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
   // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
   // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
   // about crashes - they are expected.
   if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process) {
-
-# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
     // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
     SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                  SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
@@ -3870,7 +4214,6 @@ int UnitTest::Run() {
           0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
           _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
 # endif
-
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
 
@@ -3888,16 +4231,16 @@ const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
 
 // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const {
+const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_case();
 }
 
 // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
 // or NULL if no test is running.
-// L < mutex_
-const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const {
+const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   return impl_->current_test_info();
 }
@@ -3908,9 +4251,9 @@ int UnitTest::random_seed() const { return impl_->random_seed(); }
 #if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
 // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
 // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
-// L < mutex_
 internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
-    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry() {
+    UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
+        GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
@@ -3927,15 +4270,15 @@ UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
 
 // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
 // Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace) {
+void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace)
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
 }
 
 // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
-// L < mutex_
-void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace() {
+void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
+    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
   internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
   impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
 }
@@ -3944,17 +4287,10 @@ namespace internal {
 
 UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
     : parent_(parent),
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
-# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
-                                         // (using this in initializer).
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4355 /* using this in initializer */)
       default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
       default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
-#else
-      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
-#endif  // _MSC_VER
+      GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
       global_test_part_result_repoter_(
           &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
       per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
@@ -3971,9 +4307,9 @@ UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
       post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
       random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
       random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
+      start_timestamp_(0),
       elapsed_time_(0),
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
-      internal_run_death_test_flag_(NULL),
       death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
 #endif
       // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
@@ -3991,6 +4327,28 @@ UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
   delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
 }
 
+// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
+// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
+// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
+// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
+// the value will be updated.
+void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
+  std::string xml_element;
+  TestResult* test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.
+
+  if (current_test_info_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testcase";
+    test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
+  } else if (current_test_case_ != NULL) {
+    xml_element = "testsuite";
+    test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
+  } else {
+    xml_element = "testsuites";
+    test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
+  }
+  test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
 // subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
@@ -4003,7 +4361,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
 // Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
 // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
-  const String& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
+  const std::string& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
   if (output_format == "xml") {
     listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
         UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
@@ -4015,13 +4373,13 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
-// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in String form.
+// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
 // Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput() {
-  const string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
+  const std::string& target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
   if (!target.empty()) {
     const size_t pos = target.find(':');
-    if (pos != string::npos) {
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
       listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
                                                 target.substr(pos+1)));
     } else {
@@ -4075,7 +4433,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
 class TestCaseNameIs {
  public:
   // Constructor.
-  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const String& name)
+  explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string& name)
       : name_(name) {}
 
   // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
@@ -4084,7 +4442,7 @@ class TestCaseNameIs {
   }
 
  private:
-  String name_;
+  std::string name_;
 };
 
 // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
@@ -4116,7 +4474,7 @@ TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char* test_case_name,
       new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);
 
   // Is this a death test case?
-  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(String(test_case_name),
+  if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
                                                kDeathTestCaseFilter)) {
     // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
     // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
@@ -4202,6 +4560,7 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
 
   TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
 
+  start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
   repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);
 
   // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
@@ -4394,14 +4753,12 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
   int num_selected_tests = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
-    const String &test_case_name = test_case->name();
+    const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
     test_case->set_should_run(false);
 
-    bool any_matched_filter = false;
-
     for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++) {
       TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
-      const String test_name(test_info->name());
+      const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
       // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
       // kDisableTestFilter.
       const bool is_disabled =
@@ -4415,7 +4772,6 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
           internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
                                                        test_name);
       test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;
-      any_matched_filter |= matches_filter;
 
       const bool is_runnable =
           (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
@@ -4432,14 +4788,37 @@ int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
       test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
       test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
     }
-
-    test_case->set_should_skip_report(!any_matched_filter);
   }
   return num_selected_tests;
 }
 
+// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
+// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
+// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
+// and "...".
+static void PrintOnOneLine(const char* str, int max_length) {
+  if (str != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str) {
+      if (i >= max_length) {
+        printf("...");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (*str == '\n') {
+        printf("\\n");
+        i += 2;
+      } else {
+        printf("%c", *str);
+        ++i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
 void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
+  // Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
+  const int kMaxParamLength = 250;
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++) {
     const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
     bool printed_test_case_name = false;
@@ -4450,9 +4829,23 @@ void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
       if (test_info->matches_filter_) {
         if (!printed_test_case_name) {
           printed_test_case_name = true;
-          printf("%s.\n", test_case->name());
+          printf("%s.", test_case->name());
+          if (test_case->type_param() != NULL) {
+            printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
+            // We print the type parameter on a single line to make
+            // the output easy to parse by a program.
+            PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
+          }
+          printf("\n");
+        }
+        printf("  %s", test_info->name());
+        if (test_info->value_param() != NULL) {
+          printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
+          // We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
+          // output easy to parse by a program.
+          PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
         }
-        printf("  %s\n", test_info->name());
+        printf("\n");
       }
     }
   }
@@ -4516,7 +4909,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
   }
 }
 
-// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
+// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
 //
 // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
 // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
@@ -4526,8 +4919,8 @@ void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
 // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
 // GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
 // the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
-String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
-                                       int skip_count) {
+std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
+                                            int skip_count) {
   // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
   // to what the user really wants to skip.
   return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
@@ -4575,7 +4968,7 @@ const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
 
   // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
-  const String flag_str = String::Format("--%s%s", GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, flag);
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
   const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
   if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;
 
@@ -4640,7 +5033,7 @@ bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value) {
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
@@ -4692,7 +5085,7 @@ static void PrintColorEncoded(const char* str) {
       return;
     }
 
-    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", String(str, p - str).c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());
 
     const char ch = p[1];
     str = p + 2;
@@ -4782,7 +5175,7 @@ static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
 template <typename CharType>
 void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int* argc, CharType** argv) {
   for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++) {
-    const String arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
+    const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
     const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
 
     using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
diff --git a/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc b/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
index a09bbe0c6..f30282255 100644
--- a/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
+++ b/tests/gtest/src/gtest_main.cc
@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-#include <iostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 GTEST_API_ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  std::cout << "Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n";
-
+  printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n");
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
index cf6396e95..fe2f072de 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/address_from_url.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ TEST(AddressFromURL, Success)
   
   bool dnssec_result = false;
 
-  std::vector<std::string> addresses = tools::wallet2::addresses_from_url("donate.monero.cc", dnssec_result);
+  std::vector<std::string> addresses = tools::wallet2::addresses_from_url("donate.getmonero.org", dnssec_result);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(1, addresses.size());
   if (addresses.size() == 1)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
index 49b31fe7a..6717e990a 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/dns_resolver.cpp
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ TEST(DNSResolver, IPv4Success)
 
   ASSERT_EQ(1, ips.size());
 
-  ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
+  //ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
 
   ips = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_ipv4("example.com", avail, valid);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(1, ips.size());
 
-  ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
+  //ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(DNSResolver, IPv4Failure)
@@ -68,6 +68,38 @@ TEST(DNSResolver, IPv4Failure)
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ips.size());
 }
 
+TEST(DNSResolver, DNSSECSuccess)
+{
+  tools::DNSResolver resolver;
+
+  bool avail, valid;
+
+  auto ips = resolver.get_ipv4("example.com", avail, valid);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, ips.size());
+
+  //ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(avail);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(valid);
+}
+
+TEST(DNSResolver, DNSSECFailure)
+{
+  tools::DNSResolver resolver;
+
+  bool avail, valid;
+
+  auto ips = resolver.get_ipv4("dnssec-failed.org", avail, valid);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, ips.size());
+
+  //ASSERT_STREQ("93.184.216.119", ips[0].c_str());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(avail);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(valid);
+}
+
 // It would be great to include an IPv6 test and assume it'll pass, but not every ISP / resolver plays nicely with IPv6;)
 /*TEST(DNSResolver, IPv6Success)
 {
@@ -108,12 +140,12 @@ TEST(DNSResolver, GetTXTRecord)
 {
   bool avail, valid;
 
-  std::vector<std::string> records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record("donate.monero.cc", avail, valid);
+  std::vector<std::string> records = tools::DNSResolver::instance().get_txt_record("donate.getmonero.org", avail, valid);
 
   EXPECT_NE(0, records.size());
 
   for (auto& rec : records)
   {
-    std::cout << "TXT record for donate.monero.cc: " << rec << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "TXT record for donate.getmonero.org: " << rec << std::endl;
   }
 }