Merge pull request #339

54c785d fixed ARM arch test to prevent breaking on short arch strings (Riccardo Spagni)
a4254a4 updated vl32 to current (Riccardo Spagni)
e6ab2df updated in-source lmdb (Riccardo Spagni)
ea08c76 open() flag O_DSYNC isn't on BSD, use O_SYNC (Thomas Winget)

36 files changed, 586 insertions, 295 deletions

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 9ec6d2c3a..9ccb4133e 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -46,20 +46,25 @@ function (die msg)
 endfunction ()
 
 if (NOT ${ARCH} STREQUAL "")
-	string(SUBSTRING ${ARCH} 0 5 ARM_TEST)
-	string(TOLOWER ${ARM_TEST} ARM_TEST)
+	string(SUBSTRING ${ARCH} 0 3 IS_ARM)
+	string(TOLOWER ${IS_ARM} IS_ARM)
+
+	if (${IS_ARM} STREQUAL "arm")
+		string(SUBSTRING ${ARCH} 0 5 ARM_TEST)
+		string(TOLOWER ${ARM_TEST} ARM_TEST)
 	
-	if (${ARM_TEST} STREQUAL "armv6")
-		set(ARM6 1)
-	else()
-		set(ARM6 0)
-	endif()
+		if (${ARM_TEST} STREQUAL "armv6")
+			set(ARM6 1)
+		else()
+			set(ARM6 0)
+		endif()
 	   
-	if (${ARM_TEST} STREQUAL "armv7")
-		set(ARM7 1)
-	else()
-		set(ARM7 0)
-	endif()	
+		if (${ARM_TEST} STREQUAL "armv7")
+			set(ARM7 1)
+		else()
+			set(ARM7 0)
+		endif()	
+	endif()
 endif()
 
 if(WIN32 OR ARM7 OR ARM6)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CHANGES b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CHANGES
index 34049ba7a..957742e75 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CHANGES
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CHANGES
@@ -1,5 +1,33 @@
 LMDB 0.9 Change Log
 
+LMDB 0.9.15 Release (2015/06/19)
+	Fix txn init (ITS#7961,#7987)
+	Fix MDB_PREV_DUP (ITS#7955,#7671)
+	Fix compact of empty env (ITS#7956)
+	Fix mdb_copy file mode
+	Fix mdb_env_close() after failed mdb_env_open()
+	Fix mdb_rebalance collapsing root (ITS#8062)
+	Fix mdb_load with large values (ITS#8066)
+	Fix to retry writes on EINTR (ITS#8106)
+	Fix mdb_cursor_del on empty DB (ITS#8109)
+	Fix MDB_INTEGERDUP key compare (ITS#8117)
+	Fix error handling (ITS#7959,#8157,etc.)
+	Fix race conditions (ITS#7969,7970)
+	Added workaround for fdatasync bug in ext3fs
+	Build
+		Don't use -fPIC for static lib
+		Update .gitignore (ITS#7952,#7953)
+		Cleanup for "make test" (ITS#7841), "make clean", mtest*.c
+		Misc. Android/Windows cleanup
+	Documentation
+		Fix MDB_APPEND doc
+		Fix MDB_MAXKEYSIZE doc (ITS#8156)
+		Fix mdb_cursor_put,mdb_cursor_del EACCES description
+		Fix mdb_env_sync(MDB_RDONLY env) doc (ITS#8021)
+		Clarify MDB_WRITEMAP doc (ITS#8021)
+		Clarify mdb_env_open doc
+		Clarify mdb_dbi_open doc
+
 LMDB 0.9.14 Release (2014/09/20)
 	Fix to support 64K page size (ITS#7713)
 	Fix to persist decreased as well as increased mapsizes (ITS#7789)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CMakeLists.txt b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CMakeLists.txt
index 62b800135..293da1039 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@
 # STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
 # THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+if(FREEBSD)
+  set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -DMDB_DSYNC=O_SYNC")
+endif()
+
+# pass the VL32 flag so that we actually invoke the VL32 extensions
+set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -DVL32")
+
 set (lmdb_sources
 mdb.c
 midl.c)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/COPYRIGHT b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/COPYRIGHT
index e0eb484c7..722d1a515 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/COPYRIGHT
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/COPYRIGHT
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/Makefile b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/Makefile
index 095e65587..26b6203af 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/Makefile
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/Makefile
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 # - MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
 # - MDB_DSYNC
 # - MDB_FDATASYNC
+# - MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS
 # - MDB_USE_PWRITEV
 #
 # There may be other macros in mdb.c of interest. You should
@@ -42,18 +43,18 @@ install: $(ILIBS) $(IPROGS) $(IHDRS)
 	for f in $(IDOCS); do cp $$f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/man/man1; done
 
 clean:
-	rm -rf $(PROGS) *.[ao] *.so *~ testdb
+	rm -rf $(PROGS) *.[ao] *.[ls]o *~ testdb
 
 test:	all
-	mkdir testdb
+	rm -rf testdb && mkdir testdb
 	./mtest && ./mdb_stat testdb
 
 liblmdb.a:	mdb.o midl.o
 	ar rs $@ mdb.o midl.o
 
-liblmdb.so:	mdb.o midl.o
+liblmdb.so:	mdb.lo midl.lo
 #	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -pthread -shared -Wl,-Bsymbolic -o $@ mdb.o midl.o $(SOLIBS)
-	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -pthread -shared -o $@ mdb.o midl.o $(SOLIBS)
+	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -pthread -shared -o $@ mdb.lo midl.lo $(SOLIBS)
 
 mdb_stat: mdb_stat.o liblmdb.a
 mdb_copy: mdb_copy.o liblmdb.a
@@ -67,10 +68,16 @@ mtest5:	mtest5.o liblmdb.a
 mtest6:	mtest6.o liblmdb.a
 
 mdb.o: mdb.c lmdb.h midl.h
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC $(CPPFLAGS) -c mdb.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c mdb.c
 
 midl.o: midl.c midl.h
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC $(CPPFLAGS) -c midl.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c midl.c
+
+mdb.lo: mdb.c lmdb.h midl.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC $(CPPFLAGS) -c mdb.c -o $@
+
+midl.lo: midl.c midl.h
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC $(CPPFLAGS) -c midl.c -o $@
 
 %:	%.o
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/lmdb.h b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/lmdb.h
index bdbb0b909..2f523579c 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/lmdb.h
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/lmdb.h
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
  *
  *	@author	Howard Chu, Symas Corporation.
  *
- *	@copyright Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All rights reserved.
+ *	@copyright Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ typedef int mdb_filehandle_t;
 /** Library minor version */
 #define MDB_VERSION_MINOR	9
 /** Library patch version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_PATCH	14
+#define MDB_VERSION_PATCH	15
 
 /** Combine args a,b,c into a single integer for easy version comparisons */
 #define MDB_VERINT(a,b,c)	(((a) << 24) | ((b) << 16) | (c))
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ typedef int mdb_filehandle_t;
 	MDB_VERINT(MDB_VERSION_MAJOR,MDB_VERSION_MINOR,MDB_VERSION_PATCH)
 
 /** The release date of this library version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_DATE	"September 20, 2014"
+#define MDB_VERSION_DATE	"June 19, 2015"
 
 /** A stringifier for the version info */
 #define MDB_VERSTR(a,b,c,d)	"LMDB " #a "." #b "." #c ": (" d ")"
@@ -296,12 +296,12 @@ typedef void (MDB_rel_func)(MDB_val *item, void *oldptr, void *newptr, void *rel
 #define MDB_REVERSEKEY	0x02
 	/** use sorted duplicates */
 #define MDB_DUPSORT		0x04
-	/** numeric keys in native byte order.
+	/** numeric keys in native byte order: either unsigned int or size_t.
 	 *  The keys must all be of the same size. */
 #define MDB_INTEGERKEY	0x08
 	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, sorted dup items have fixed size */
 #define MDB_DUPFIXED	0x10
-	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, dups are numeric in native byte order */
+	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, dups are #MDB_INTEGERKEY-style integers */
 #define MDB_INTEGERDUP	0x20
 	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, use reverse string dups */
 #define MDB_REVERSEDUP	0x40
@@ -516,8 +516,8 @@ int  mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env);
 	 *		and uses fewer mallocs, but loses protection from application bugs
 	 *		like wild pointer writes and other bad updates into the database.
 	 *		Incompatible with nested transactions.
-	 *		Processes with and without MDB_WRITEMAP on the same environment do
-	 *		not cooperate well.
+	 *		Do not mix processes with and without MDB_WRITEMAP on the same
+	 *		environment.  This can defeat durability (#mdb_env_sync etc).
 	 *	<li>#MDB_NOMETASYNC
 	 *		Flush system buffers to disk only once per transaction, omit the
 	 *		metadata flush. Defer that until the system flushes files to disk,
@@ -588,8 +588,8 @@ int  mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env);
 	 *		reserved in that case.
 	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
 	 * </ul>
-	 * @param[in] mode The UNIX permissions to set on created files. This parameter
-	 * is ignored on Windows.
+	 * @param[in] mode The UNIX permissions to set on created files and semaphores.
+	 * This parameter is ignored on Windows.
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
 	 * errors are:
 	 * <ul>
@@ -698,7 +698,8 @@ int  mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *stat);
 	 * Data is always written to disk when #mdb_txn_commit() is called,
 	 * but the operating system may keep it buffered. LMDB always flushes
 	 * the OS buffers upon commit as well, unless the environment was
-	 * opened with #MDB_NOSYNC or in part #MDB_NOMETASYNC.
+	 * opened with #MDB_NOSYNC or in part #MDB_NOMETASYNC. This call is
+	 * not valid if the environment was opened with #MDB_RDONLY.
 	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
 	 * @param[in] force If non-zero, force a synchronous flush.  Otherwise
 	 *  if the environment has the #MDB_NOSYNC flag set the flushes
@@ -706,6 +707,7 @@ int  mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *stat);
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
 	 * errors are:
 	 * <ul>
+	 *	<li>EACCES - the environment is read-only.
 	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
 	 *	<li>EIO - an error occurred during synchronization.
 	 * </ul>
@@ -1019,15 +1021,17 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 * The database handle may be discarded by calling #mdb_dbi_close().
 	 * The old database handle is returned if the database was already open.
 	 * The handle may only be closed once.
+	 *
 	 * The database handle will be private to the current transaction until
 	 * the transaction is successfully committed. If the transaction is
 	 * aborted the handle will be closed automatically.
-	 * After a successful commit the
-	 * handle will reside in the shared environment, and may be used
-	 * by other transactions. This function must not be called from
-	 * multiple concurrent transactions. A transaction that uses this function
-	 * must finish (either commit or abort) before any other transaction may
-	 * use this function.
+	 * After a successful commit the handle will reside in the shared
+	 * environment, and may be used by other transactions.
+	 *
+	 * This function must not be called from multiple concurrent
+	 * transactions in the same process. A transaction that uses
+	 * this function must finish (either commit or abort) before
+	 * any other transaction in the process may use this function.
 	 *
 	 * To use named databases (with name != NULL), #mdb_env_set_maxdbs()
 	 * must be called before opening the environment.  Database names
@@ -1048,9 +1052,9 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 *		keys may have multiple data items, stored in sorted order.) By default
 	 *		keys must be unique and may have only a single data item.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERKEY
-	 *		Keys are binary integers in native byte order. Setting this option
-	 *		requires all keys to be the same size, typically sizeof(int)
-	 *		or sizeof(size_t).
+	 *		Keys are binary integers in native byte order, either unsigned int
+	 *		or size_t, and will be sorted as such.
+	 *		The keys must all be of the same size.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_DUPFIXED
 	 *		This flag may only be used in combination with #MDB_DUPSORT. This option
 	 *		tells the library that the data items for this database are all the same
@@ -1058,8 +1062,8 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 *		all data items are the same size, the #MDB_GET_MULTIPLE and #MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE
 	 *		cursor operations may be used to retrieve multiple items at once.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERDUP
-	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items are also integers, and
-	 *		should be sorted as such.
+	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items are binary integers,
+	 *		similar to #MDB_INTEGERKEY keys.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_REVERSEDUP
 	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items should be compared as
 	 *		strings in reverse order.
@@ -1270,10 +1274,9 @@ int  mdb_get(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
 	 *		LMDB does nothing else with this memory, the caller is expected
 	 *		to modify all of the space requested.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_APPEND - append the given key/data pair to the end of the
-	 *		database. No key comparisons are performed. This option allows
-	 *		fast bulk loading when keys are already known to be in the
-	 *		correct order. Loading unsorted keys with this flag will cause
-	 *		data corruption.
+	 *		database. This option allows fast bulk loading when keys are
+	 *		already known to be in the correct order. Loading unsorted keys
+	 *		with this flag will cause a #MDB_KEYEXIST error.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_APPENDDUP - as above, but for sorted dup data.
 	 * </ul>
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
@@ -1449,7 +1452,7 @@ int  mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
 	 * <ul>
 	 *	<li>#MDB_MAP_FULL - the database is full, see #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
 	 *	<li>#MDB_TXN_FULL - the transaction has too many dirty pages.
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to modify a read-only database.
+	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
 	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
 	 * </ul>
 	 */
@@ -1469,7 +1472,7 @@ int  mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
 	 * errors are:
 	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to modify a read-only database.
+	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
 	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
 	 * </ul>
 	 */
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb.c
index 63fece3d7..d210a3cb7 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  *	BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified.
  */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -79,6 +79,14 @@ extern int cacheflush(char *addr, int nbytes, int cache);
 #define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__linux) && !defined(MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS)
+/** fdatasync is broken on ext3/ext4fs on older kernels, see
+ *	description in #mdb_env_open2 comments. You can safely
+ *	define MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS if this code will only be run
+ *	on kernels 3.6 and newer.
+ */
+#define	BROKEN_FDATASYNC
+#endif
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -438,12 +446,17 @@ static txnid_t mdb_debug_start;
 	/**	The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
 #define MDB_LOCK_VERSION	 1
 
-	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for dynamic max.
+	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for computed max.
 	 *
-	 *	Define this as 0 to compute the max from the page size.  511
-	 *	is default for backwards compat: liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break
-	 *	when modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
-	 *	#MDB_DEVEL sets the default to 0.
+	 *	This macro should normally be left alone or set to 0.
+	 *	Note that a database with big keys or dupsort data cannot be
+	 *	reliably modified by a liblmdb which uses a smaller max.
+	 *	The default is 511 for backwards compat, or 0 when #MDB_DEVEL.
+	 *
+	 *	Other values are allowed, for backwards compat.  However:
+	 *	A value bigger than the computed max can break if you do not
+	 *	know what you are doing, and liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break when
+	 *	modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
 	 *
 	 *	Data items in an #MDB_DUPSORT database are also limited to
 	 *	this size, since they're actually keys of a sub-DB.  Keys and
@@ -580,11 +593,11 @@ typedef struct MDB_rxbody {
 	 *	started from so we can avoid overwriting any data used in that
 	 *	particular version.
 	 */
-	txnid_t		mrb_txnid;
+	volatile txnid_t		mrb_txnid;
 	/** The process ID of the process owning this reader txn. */
-	MDB_PID_T	mrb_pid;
+	volatile MDB_PID_T	mrb_pid;
 	/** The thread ID of the thread owning this txn. */
-	MDB_THR_T	mrb_tid;
+	volatile MDB_THR_T	mrb_tid;
 } MDB_rxbody;
 
 	/** The actual reader record, with cacheline padding. */
@@ -632,12 +645,12 @@ typedef struct MDB_txbody {
 		 *	This is recorded here only for convenience; the value can always
 		 *	be determined by reading the main database meta pages.
 		 */
-	txnid_t		mtb_txnid;
+	volatile txnid_t		mtb_txnid;
 		/** The number of slots that have been used in the reader table.
 		 *	This always records the maximum count, it is not decremented
 		 *	when readers release their slots.
 		 */
-	unsigned	mtb_numreaders;
+	volatile unsigned	mtb_numreaders;
 } MDB_txbody;
 
 	/** The actual reader table definition. */
@@ -898,7 +911,7 @@ typedef struct MDB_meta {
 		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
 		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
 	uint32_t	mm_magic;
-		/** Version number of this lock file. Must be set to #MDB_DATA_VERSION. */
+		/** Version number of this file. Must be set to #MDB_DATA_VERSION. */
 	uint32_t	mm_version;
 	void		*mm_address;		/**< address for fixed mapping */
 	size_t		mm_mapsize;			/**< size of mmap region */
@@ -908,7 +921,7 @@ typedef struct MDB_meta {
 	/** Any persistent environment flags. @ref mdb_env */
 #define	mm_flags	mm_dbs[0].md_flags
 	pgno_t		mm_last_pg;			/**< last used page in file */
-	txnid_t		mm_txnid;			/**< txnid that committed this page */
+	volatile txnid_t	mm_txnid;	/**< txnid that committed this page */
 } MDB_meta;
 
 	/** Buffer for a stack-allocated meta page.
@@ -991,7 +1004,7 @@ struct MDB_txn {
 #ifdef VL32
 	/** List of read-only pages */
 	MDB_ID2L	mt_rpages;
-#endif
+#endif	
 	/**	Number of DB records in use. This number only ever increments;
 	 *	we don't decrement it when individual DB handles are closed.
 	 */
@@ -1103,6 +1116,8 @@ struct MDB_env {
 #define	MDB_ENV_ACTIVE	0x20000000U
 	/** me_txkey is set */
 #define	MDB_ENV_TXKEY	0x10000000U
+	/** fdatasync is unreliable */
+#define	MDB_FSYNCONLY	0x08000000U
 	uint32_t 	me_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_env */
 	unsigned int	me_psize;	/**< DB page size, inited from me_os_psize */
 	unsigned int	me_os_psize;	/**< OS page size, from #GET_PAGESIZE */
@@ -1242,6 +1257,13 @@ static void mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi);
 static MDB_cmp_func	mdb_cmp_memn, mdb_cmp_memnr, mdb_cmp_int, mdb_cmp_cint, mdb_cmp_long;
 /** @endcond */
 
+/** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
+#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
+# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
+#else
+# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
+#endif
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 static SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR mdb_null_sd;
 static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES mdb_all_sa;
@@ -1323,7 +1345,7 @@ mdb_strerror(int err)
 	buf[0] = 0;
 	FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
 		FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-		NULL, err, 0, ptr, sizeof(buf), pad);
+		NULL, err, 0, ptr, sizeof(buf), (va_list *)pad);
 	return ptr;
 #else
 	return strerror(err);
@@ -1555,7 +1577,12 @@ mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 int
 mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 {
-	return txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp(a, b);
+	MDB_cmp_func *dcmp = txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp;
+#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
+	if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && a->mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+		dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+#endif
+	return dcmp(a, b);
 }
 
 /** Allocate memory for a page.
@@ -2323,6 +2350,8 @@ int
 mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force)
 {
 	int rc = 0;
+	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)
+		return EACCES;
 	if (force || !F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSYNC)) {
 		if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
 			int flags = ((env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) && !force)
@@ -2334,6 +2363,12 @@ mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force)
 				rc = ErrCode();
 #endif
 		} else {
+#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
+			if (env->me_flags & MDB_FSYNCONLY) {
+				if (fsync(env->me_fd))
+					rc = ErrCode();
+			} else
+#endif
 			if (MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
 				rc = ErrCode();
 		}
@@ -2489,15 +2524,11 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
 	MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
 	MDB_meta *meta;
-	unsigned int i, nr;
+	unsigned int i, nr, flags = txn->mt_flags;
 	uint16_t x;
 	int rc, new_notls = 0;
 
-	/* Setup db info */
-	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
-	txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* mostly static anyway */
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) {
+	if ((flags &= MDB_TXN_RDONLY) != 0) {
 		if (!ti) {
 			meta = env->me_metas[ mdb_env_pick_meta(env) ];
 			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
@@ -2543,10 +2574,14 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 					return rc;
 				}
 			}
-			txn->mt_txnid = r->mr_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
+			do /* LY: Retry on a race, ITS#7970. */
+				r->mr_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
+			while(r->mr_txnid != ti->mti_txnid);
+			txn->mt_txnid = r->mr_txnid;
 			txn->mt_u.reader = r;
 			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
 		}
+		txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* mostly static anyway */
 	} else {
 		if (ti) {
 			LOCK_MUTEX_W(env);
@@ -2562,6 +2597,9 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 		if (txn->mt_txnid == mdb_debug_start)
 			mdb_debug = 1;
 #endif
+		txn->mt_child = NULL;
+		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
+		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
 		txn->mt_dirty_room = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX;
 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = env->me_dirty_list;
 		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
@@ -2578,6 +2616,10 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 	/* Moved to here to avoid a data race in read TXNs */
 	txn->mt_next_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg+1;
 
+	txn->mt_flags = flags;
+
+	/* Setup db info */
+	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
 	for (i=2; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
 		x = env->me_dbflags[i];
 		txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags = x & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
@@ -2643,18 +2685,16 @@ mdb_txn_begin(MDB_env *env, MDB_txn *parent, unsigned int flags, MDB_txn **ret)
 		}
 		tsize = sizeof(MDB_ntxn);
 	}
-	size = tsize + env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+1);
+	size = tsize;
 	if (!(flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
 		if (!parent) {
-			txn = env->me_txn0;
-			txn->mt_flags = 0;
+			txn = env->me_txn0;	/* just reuse preallocated write txn */
 			goto ok;
 		}
+		/* child txns use own copy of cursors */
 		size += env->me_maxdbs * sizeof(MDB_cursor *);
-		/* child txns use parent's dbiseqs */
-		if (!parent)
-			size += env->me_maxdbs * sizeof(unsigned int);
 	}
+	size += env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+1);
 
 	if ((txn = calloc(1, size)) == NULL) {
 		DPRINTF(("calloc: %s", strerror(errno)));
@@ -2807,31 +2847,33 @@ mdb_txn_reset0(MDB_txn *txn, const char *act)
 		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;		/* close nothing if called again */
 		txn->mt_dbxs = NULL;	/* mark txn as reset */
 	} else {
-		mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
+		pgno_t *pghead = env->me_pghead;
 
+		mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
 		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
 			mdb_dlist_free(txn);
 		}
-		mdb_midl_free(env->me_pghead);
 
-		if (txn->mt_parent) {
+		if (!txn->mt_parent) {
+			if (mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs))
+				env->me_free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
+			/* me_pgstate: */
+			env->me_pghead = NULL;
+			env->me_pglast = 0;
+
+			env->me_txn = NULL;
+			/* The writer mutex was locked in mdb_txn_begin. */
+			if (env->me_txns)
+				UNLOCK_MUTEX_W(env);
+		} else {
 			txn->mt_parent->mt_child = NULL;
 			env->me_pgstate = ((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate;
 			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
 			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
 			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
-			return;
 		}
 
-		if (mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs))
-			env->me_free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
-		env->me_pghead = NULL;
-		env->me_pglast = 0;
-
-		env->me_txn = NULL;
-		/* The writer mutex was locked in mdb_txn_begin. */
-		if (env->me_txns)
-			UNLOCK_MUTEX_W(env);
+		mdb_midl_free(pghead);
 	}
 #ifdef VL32
 	{
@@ -3159,6 +3201,7 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 		/* Write up to MDB_COMMIT_PAGES dirty pages at a time. */
 		if (pos!=next_pos || n==MDB_COMMIT_PAGES || wsize+size>MAX_WRITE) {
 			if (n) {
+retry_write:
 				/* Write previous page(s) */
 #ifdef MDB_USE_PWRITEV
 				wres = pwritev(env->me_fd, iov, n, wpos);
@@ -3166,8 +3209,11 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 				if (n == 1) {
 					wres = pwrite(env->me_fd, iov[0].iov_base, wsize, wpos);
 				} else {
+retry_seek:
 					if (lseek(env->me_fd, wpos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
 						rc = ErrCode();
+						if (rc == EINTR)
+							goto retry_seek;
 						DPRINTF(("lseek: %s", strerror(rc)));
 						return rc;
 					}
@@ -3177,6 +3223,8 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 				if (wres != wsize) {
 					if (wres < 0) {
 						rc = ErrCode();
+						if (rc == EINTR)
+							goto retry_write;
 						DPRINTF(("Write error: %s", strerror(rc)));
 					} else {
 						rc = EIO; /* TODO: Use which error code? */
@@ -3546,7 +3594,8 @@ mdb_env_init_meta(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
 	int len;
 #define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
 	len = pwrite(fd, ptr, size, pos);	\
-	rc = (len >= 0); } while(0)
+	if (len == -1 && ErrCode() == EINTR) continue; \
+	rc = (len >= 0); break; } while(1)
 #endif
 
 	DPUTS("writing new meta page");
@@ -3651,6 +3700,7 @@ mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
 	/* Write to the SYNC fd */
 	mfd = env->me_flags & (MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC) ?
 		env->me_fd : env->me_mfd;
+retry_write:
 #ifdef _WIN32
 	{
 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
@@ -3663,6 +3713,8 @@ mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
 #endif
 	if (rc != len) {
 		rc = rc < 0 ? ErrCode() : EIO;
+		if (rc == EINTR)
+			goto retry_write;
 		DPUTS("write failed, disk error?");
 		/* On a failure, the pagecache still contains the new data.
 		 * Write some old data back, to prevent it from being used.
@@ -3894,6 +3946,32 @@ mdb_env_get_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *readers)
 	return MDB_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+static int ESECT
+mdb_fsize(HANDLE fd, size_t *size)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	LARGE_INTEGER fsize;
+
+	if (!GetFileSizeEx(fd, &fsize))
+		return ErrCode();
+
+	*size = fsize.QuadPart;
+#else
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st))
+		return ErrCode();
+
+	*size = st.st_size;
+#endif
+	return MDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+#endif
+
 /** Further setup required for opening an LMDB environment
  */
 static int ESECT
@@ -3911,6 +3989,53 @@ mdb_env_open2(MDB_env *env)
 	else
 		env->me_pidquery = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
 #endif /* _WIN32 */
+#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
+	/* ext3/ext4 fdatasync is broken on some older Linux kernels.
+	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/3/83
+	 * Kernels after 3.6-rc6 are known good.
+	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/10/556
+	 * See if the DB is on ext3/ext4, then check for new enough kernel
+	 * Kernels 2.6.32.60, 2.6.34.15, 3.2.30, and 3.5.4 are also known
+	 * to be patched.
+	 */
+	{
+		struct statfs st;
+		fstatfs(env->me_fd, &st);
+		while (st.f_type == 0xEF53) {
+			struct utsname uts;
+			int i;
+			uname(&uts);
+			if (uts.release[0] < '3') {
+				if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.32.", 7)) {
+					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
+					if (i >= 60)
+						break;	/* 2.6.32.60 and newer is OK */
+				} else if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.34.", 7)) {
+					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
+					if (i >= 15)
+						break;	/* 2.6.34.15 and newer is OK */
+				}
+			} else if (uts.release[0] == '3') {
+				i = atoi(uts.release+2);
+				if (i > 5)
+					break;	/* 3.6 and newer is OK */
+				if (i == 5) {
+					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
+					if (i >= 4)
+						break;	/* 3.5.4 and newer is OK */
+				} else if (i == 2) {
+					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
+					if (i >= 30)
+						break;	/* 3.2.30 and newer is OK */
+				}
+			} else {	/* 4.x and newer is OK */
+				break;
+			}
+			env->me_flags |= MDB_FSYNCONLY;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
 
 	memset(&meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
 
@@ -4042,7 +4167,7 @@ PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_
 extern const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp;
 const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
 #pragma const_seg()
-#else	/* WIN32 */
+#else	/* _WIN32 */
 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:__tls_used")
 #pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_mdb_tls_cbp")
 #pragma data_seg(".CRT$XLB")
@@ -4092,7 +4217,7 @@ mdb_env_share_locks(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
 	return rc;
 }
 
-/** Try to get exlusive lock, otherwise shared.
+/** Try to get exclusive lock, otherwise shared.
  *	Maintain *excl = -1: no/unknown lock, 0: shared, 1: exclusive.
  */
 static int ESECT
@@ -4233,7 +4358,6 @@ mdb_hash_enc(MDB_val *val, char *encbuf)
  * @param[in] env The LMDB environment.
  * @param[in] lpath The pathname of the file used for the lock region.
  * @param[in] mode The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
- * @param[out] excl Resulting file lock type: -1 none, 0 shared, 1 exclusive
  * @param[in,out] excl In -1, out lock type: -1 none, 0 shared, 1 exclusive
  * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
  */
@@ -4599,7 +4723,7 @@ mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode
 		if (!(flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
 			MDB_txn *txn;
 			int tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn), size = tsize + env->me_maxdbs *
-				(sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor)+sizeof(unsigned int)+1);
+				(sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+sizeof(unsigned int)+1);
 			txn = calloc(1, size);
 			if (txn) {
 				txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *)((char *)txn + tsize);
@@ -4607,6 +4731,7 @@ mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode
 				txn->mt_dbiseqs = (unsigned int *)(txn->mt_cursors + env->me_maxdbs);
 				txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)(txn->mt_dbiseqs + env->me_maxdbs);
 				txn->mt_env = env;
+				txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;
 #ifdef VL32
 				txn->mt_rpages = calloc(MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE, sizeof(MDB_ID2));
 				if (!txn->mt_rpages) {
@@ -4639,13 +4764,15 @@ mdb_env_close0(MDB_env *env, int excl)
 		return;
 
 	/* Doing this here since me_dbxs may not exist during mdb_env_close */
-	for (i = env->me_maxdbs; --i > MAIN_DBI; )
-		free(env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data);
+	if (env->me_dbxs) {
+		for (i = env->me_maxdbs; --i > MAIN_DBI; )
+			free(env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data);
+		free(env->me_dbxs);
+	}
 
 	free(env->me_pbuf);
 	free(env->me_dbiseqs);
 	free(env->me_dbflags);
-	free(env->me_dbxs);
 	free(env->me_path);
 	free(env->me_dirty_list);
 	free(env->me_txn0);
@@ -4752,7 +4879,11 @@ mdb_cmp_long(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 		*(size_t *)a->mv_data > *(size_t *)b->mv_data;
 }
 
-/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's */
+/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's.
+ *
+ *	This is also set as #MDB_INTEGERDUP|#MDB_DUPFIXED's #MDB_dbx.%md_dcmp,
+ *	but #mdb_cmp_clong() is called instead if the data type is size_t.
+ */
 static int
 mdb_cmp_int(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 {
@@ -4790,13 +4921,6 @@ mdb_cmp_cint(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 #endif
 }
 
-/** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
-#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
-#else
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
-#endif
-
 /** Compare two items lexically */
 static int
 mdb_cmp_memn(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
@@ -5432,6 +5556,7 @@ mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right)
 #ifdef VL32
 	op = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
 #endif
+
 	mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
 	DPRINTF(("parent page is page %"Z"u, index %u",
 		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
@@ -5590,11 +5715,11 @@ mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
 					}
 					return rc;
 				}
-			} else {
-				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-				if (op == MDB_PREV_DUP)
-					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
 			}
+		} else {
+			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
+			if (op == MDB_PREV_DUP)
+				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -5806,15 +5931,21 @@ set1:
 					return rc;
 			}
 		} else if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || op == MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE) {
-			MDB_val d2;
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc->mc_txn, leaf, &d2)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
+			MDB_val olddata;
+			MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
+			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc->mc_txn, leaf, &olddata)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
 				return rc;
-			rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp(data, &d2);
+			dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
+#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
+			if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+				dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+#endif
+			rc = dcmp(data, &olddata);
 			if (rc) {
 				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || rc > 0)
 					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
 				rc = 0;
-				*data = d2;
+				*data = olddata;
 			}
 
 		} else {
@@ -6324,16 +6455,17 @@ more:
 
 			/* Was a single item before, must convert now */
 			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
+				MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
 				/* Just overwrite the current item */
 				if (flags == MDB_CURRENT)
 					goto current;
-
+				dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-				if (mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
-					mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+				if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+					dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
 #endif
 				/* does data match? */
-				if (!mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
+				if (!dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
 					if (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA)
 						return MDB_KEYEXIST;
 					/* overwrite it */
@@ -7153,6 +7285,7 @@ mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx)
 	mc->mc_snum = 0;
 	mc->mc_top = 0;
 	mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
+	mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
 	mc->mc_flags = 0;
 	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
 		mdb_tassert(txn, mx != NULL);
@@ -7526,7 +7659,7 @@ mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
 			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = 0;
 			rc = mdb_update_key(cdst, &nullkey);
 			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = ix;
-			mdb_cassert(csrc, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
+			mdb_cassert(cdst, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -7782,12 +7915,12 @@ mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
 						m3 = m2;
 					if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
 					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
-						m3->mc_snum--;
-						m3->mc_top--;
 						for (i=0; i<m3->mc_snum; i++) {
 							m3->mc_pg[i] = m3->mc_pg[i+1];
 							m3->mc_ki[i] = m3->mc_ki[i+1];
 						}
+						m3->mc_snum--;
+						m3->mc_top--;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -7855,9 +7988,23 @@ mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
 		if (mc->mc_ki[ptop] == 0) {
 			rc = mdb_page_merge(&mn, mc);
 		} else {
+			MDB_cursor dummy;
 			oldki += NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
 			mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] += mc->mc_ki[mn.mc_top] + 1;
+			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
+			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) {
+				dummy.mc_next = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = &dummy;
+				dummy.mc_xcursor = (MDB_xcursor *)&mn;
+			} else {
+				mn.mc_next = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = &mn;
+			}
 			rc = mdb_page_merge(mc, &mn);
+			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = dummy.mc_next;
+			else
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = mn.mc_next;
 			mdb_cursor_copy(&mn, mc);
 		}
 		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
@@ -7884,6 +8031,13 @@ mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc)
 		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
 		MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
 
+		/* DB is totally empty now, just bail out.
+		 * Other cursors adjustments were already done
+		 * by mdb_rebalance and aren't needed here.
+		 */
+		if (!mc->mc_snum)
+			return rc;
+
 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
 		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
 
@@ -8751,8 +8905,12 @@ mdb_env_copyfd1(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
 		/* Set metapage 1 */
 		mm->mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - freecount - 1;
 		mm->mm_dbs[1] = txn->mt_dbs[1];
-		mm->mm_dbs[1].md_root = mm->mm_last_pg;
-		mm->mm_txnid = 1;
+		if (mm->mm_last_pg > 1) {
+			mm->mm_dbs[1].md_root = mm->mm_last_pg;
+			mm->mm_txnid = 1;
+		} else {
+			mm->mm_dbs[1].md_root = P_INVALID;
+		}
 	}
 	my.mc_wlen[0] = env->me_psize * 2;
 	my.mc_txn = txn;
@@ -8847,21 +9005,13 @@ mdb_env_copyfd0(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
 		goto leave;
 
 	w2 = txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize;
-#ifdef WIN32
-	{
-		LARGE_INTEGER fsize;
-		GetFileSizeEx(env->me_fd, &fsize);
-		if (w2 > fsize.QuadPart)
-			w2 = fsize.QuadPart;
-	}
-#else
 	{
-		struct stat st;
-		fstat(env->me_fd, &st);
-		if (w2 > (size_t)st.st_size)
-			w2 = st.st_size;
+		size_t fsize = 0;
+		if ((rc = mdb_fsize(env->me_fd, &fsize)))
+			goto leave;
+		if (w2 > fsize)
+			w2 = fsize;
 	}
-#endif
 	wsize = w2 - wsize;
 	while (wsize > 0) {
 		if (wsize > MAX_WRITE)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.1 b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.1
index 094b26056..1e2a97694 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.1
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.1
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .TH MDB_COPY 1 "2014/06/20" "LMDB 0.9.14"
-.\" Copyright 2012-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
+.\" Copyright 2012-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
 .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
 .SH NAME
 mdb_copy \- LMDB environment copy tool
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.c
index e7f965c03..f37ccbcc2 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_copy.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mdb_copy.c - memory-mapped database backup tool */
 /*
- * Copyright 2012 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2012-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	act = "opening environment";
 	rc = mdb_env_create(&env);
 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		rc = mdb_env_open(env, argv[1], flags, 0664);
+		rc = mdb_env_open(env, argv[1], flags, 0600);
 	}
 	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
 		act = "copying";
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.1 b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.1
index 6fcc93081..dd545049b 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.1
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.1
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .TH MDB_DUMP 1 "2014/06/20" "LMDB 0.9.14"
-.\" Copyright 2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
+.\" Copyright 2014-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
 .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
 .SH NAME
 mdb_dump \- LMDB environment export tool
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.c
index 0eb85fd20..7202d865b 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_dump.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mdb_dump.c - memory-mapped database dump tool */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.1 b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.1
index 728024010..511ec552b 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.1
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.1
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .TH MDB_LOAD 1 "2014/06/20" "LMDB 0.9.14"
-.\" Copyright 2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
+.\" Copyright 2014-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
 .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
 .SH NAME
 mdb_load \- LMDB environment import tool
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.c
index e0d95e13c..1f6ce0b7e 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_load.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mdb_load.c - memory-mapped database load tool */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static int unhex(unsigned char *c2)
 static int readline(MDB_val *out, MDB_val *buf)
 {
 	unsigned char *c1, *c2, *end;
-	size_t len;
+	size_t len, l2;
 	int c;
 
 	if (!(mode & NOHDR)) {
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ badend:
 
 	c1 = buf->mv_data;
 	len = strlen((char *)c1);
+	l2 = len;
 
 	/* Is buffer too short? */
 	while (c1[len-1] != '\n') {
@@ -217,17 +218,18 @@ badend:
 			return EOF;
 		}
 		c1 = buf->mv_data;
-		c1 += buf->mv_size;
-		if (fgets((char *)c1, buf->mv_size, stdin) == NULL) {
+		c1 += l2;
+		if (fgets((char *)c1, buf->mv_size+1, stdin) == NULL) {
 			Eof = 1;
 			badend();
 			return EOF;
 		}
 		buf->mv_size *= 2;
 		len = strlen((char *)c1);
+		l2 += len;
 	}
 	c1 = c2 = buf->mv_data;
-	len = strlen((char *)c1);
+	len = l2;
 	c1[--len] = '\0';
 	end = c1 + len;
 
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.1 b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.1
index 3d8d461d9..e6ee5ad58 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.1
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.1
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .TH MDB_STAT 1 "2014/06/20" "LMDB 0.9.14"
-.\" Copyright 2012-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
+.\" Copyright 2012-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All Rights Reserved.
 .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
 .SH NAME
 mdb_stat \- LMDB environment status tool
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.c
index 1e9229296..210609b32 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mdb_stat.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mdb_stat.c - memory-mapped database status tool */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2013 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.c
index 88a3aff10..16782dcaf 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 /* $OpenLDAP$ */
 /* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
  *
- * Copyright 2000-2014 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
+ * Copyright 2000-2015 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.h b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.h
index f23d7d3f3..1e5fee797 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.h
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/midl.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 /* $OpenLDAP$ */
 /* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
  *
- * Copyright 2000-2014 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
+ * Copyright 2000-2015 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ typedef MDB_ID *MDB_IDL;
 #ifdef VL32
 #define	MDB_IDL_LOGN	10	/* DB_SIZE is 2^10, UM_SIZE is 2^11 */
 #else
-#define	MDB_IDL_LOGN	16	/* DB_SIZE is 2^16, UM_SIZE is 2^17 */
+ #define	MDB_IDL_LOGN	16	/* DB_SIZE is 2^16, UM_SIZE is 2^17 */
 #endif
 #define MDB_IDL_DB_SIZE		(1<<MDB_IDL_LOGN)
 #define MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE		(1<<(MDB_IDL_LOGN+1))
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest.c
index 2d4e5e832..0b53bc4d0 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -45,19 +45,22 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	    }
     
 		E(mdb_env_create(&env));
+		E(mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, 1));
 		E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 		E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", 0 /* MDB_FIXEDMAP |MDB_NOSYNC*/, 0664));
+
 		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-		E(mdb_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi));
+		E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi));
    
 		key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 		key.mv_data = sval;
-		data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
-		data.mv_data = sval;
 
 		printf("Adding %d values\n", count);
 	    for (i=0;i<count;i++) {	
 			sprintf(sval, "%03x %d foo bar", values[i], values[i]);
+			/* Set <data> in each iteration, since MDB_NOOVERWRITE may modify it */
+			data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
+			data.mv_data = sval;
 			if (RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_put(txn, dbi, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE))) {
 				j++;
 				data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 		E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 		E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 		E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 			printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 		printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 		E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 		E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 		printf("Cursor next\n");
 		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 				(int) key.mv_size,  (char *) key.mv_data,
 				(int) data.mv_size, (char *) data.mv_data);
 
+		mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
 		mdb_txn_abort(txn);
 
 		printf("Deleting with cursor\n");
@@ -164,9 +168,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 				data.mv_data, (int) data.mv_size, (char *) data.mv_data);
 		}
 		mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-		mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 		mdb_txn_abort(txn);
+
+		mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 		mdb_env_close(env);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest2.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest2.c
index f1a3dbd6c..eacbe59d5 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest2.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest2.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest2.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -47,20 +47,22 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 
 	E(mdb_env_create(&env));
+	E(mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, 1));
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id1", MDB_CREATE, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id1", MDB_CREATE, &dbi));
    
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = sval;
-	data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
-	data.mv_data = sval;
 
 	printf("Adding %d values\n", count);
 	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {	
 		sprintf(sval, "%03x %d foo bar", values[i], values[i]);
+		data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
+		data.mv_data = sval;
 		if (RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_put(txn, dbi, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE)))
 			j++;
 	}
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -114,10 +116,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest3.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest3.c
index f705c52de..9db79e625 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest3.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest3.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest3.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = kval;
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -124,10 +125,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest4.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest4.c
index da5a95304..6df890e2d 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest4.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest4.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest4.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -51,8 +51,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id4", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id4", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED, &dbi));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = kval;
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 
 	/* there should be one full page of dups now.
 	 */
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -159,10 +160,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest5.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest5.c
index 39a8c728a..14e3c0da4 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest5.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest5.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest5.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -126,10 +127,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest6.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest6.c
index 07d575893..ae3c7f264 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest6.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/mtest6.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* mtest6.c - memory-mapped database tester/toy */
 /*
- * Copyright 2011-2014 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2011-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	int i = 0, j = 0, rc;
 	MDB_env *env;
 	MDB_dbi dbi;
-	MDB_val key, data;
+	MDB_val key, data, sdata;
 	MDB_txn *txn;
 	MDB_stat mst;
 	MDB_cursor *cursor;
@@ -46,33 +46,37 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id6", MDB_CREATE|MDB_INTEGERKEY, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id6", MDB_CREATE|MDB_INTEGERKEY, &dbi));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	E(mdb_stat(txn, dbi, &mst));
 
 	sval = calloc(1, mst.ms_psize / 4);
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(long);
 	key.mv_data = &kval;
-	data.mv_size = mst.ms_psize / 4 - 30;
-	data.mv_data = sval;
+	sdata.mv_size = mst.ms_psize / 4 - 30;
+	sdata.mv_data = sval;
 
 	printf("Adding 12 values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	printf("Adding 12 more values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5+4;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	printf("Adding 12 more values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5+1;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	E(mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_FIRST));
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -127,9 +131,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
+
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 #endif
 	mdb_env_close(env);
 
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-bdb.txt b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-bdb.txt
index 6a959bd68..563807a2b 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-bdb.txt
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-bdb.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Do a line-by-line comparison of this and sample-mdb.txt
  */
 /*
- * Copyright 2012 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2012-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-mdb.txt b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-mdb.txt
index a233ec5dd..10a256870 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-mdb.txt
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb32/sample-mdb.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Do a line-by-line comparison of this and sample-bdb.txt
  */
 /*
- * Copyright 2012 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
+ * Copyright 2012-2015 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	rc = mdb_env_create(&env);
 	rc = mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", 0, 0664);
 	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn);
-	rc = mdb_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi);
+	rc = mdb_dbi_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi);
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = sval;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
 leave:
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CHANGES b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CHANGES
index cf12f2eeb..957742e75 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CHANGES
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CHANGES
@@ -1,18 +1,31 @@
 LMDB 0.9 Change Log
 
-LMDB 0.9.15 Release Engineering
+LMDB 0.9.15 Release (2015/06/19)
 	Fix txn init (ITS#7961,#7987)
 	Fix MDB_PREV_DUP (ITS#7955,#7671)
 	Fix compact of empty env (ITS#7956)
+	Fix mdb_copy file mode
+	Fix mdb_env_close() after failed mdb_env_open()
+	Fix mdb_rebalance collapsing root (ITS#8062)
 	Fix mdb_load with large values (ITS#8066)
+	Fix to retry writes on EINTR (ITS#8106)
+	Fix mdb_cursor_del on empty DB (ITS#8109)
+	Fix MDB_INTEGERDUP key compare (ITS#8117)
+	Fix error handling (ITS#7959,#8157,etc.)
+	Fix race conditions (ITS#7969,7970)
 	Added workaround for fdatasync bug in ext3fs
 	Build
 		Don't use -fPIC for static lib
 		Update .gitignore (ITS#7952,#7953)
-		Cleanup for "make test" (ITS#7841)
+		Cleanup for "make test" (ITS#7841), "make clean", mtest*.c
 		Misc. Android/Windows cleanup
 	Documentation
 		Fix MDB_APPEND doc
+		Fix MDB_MAXKEYSIZE doc (ITS#8156)
+		Fix mdb_cursor_put,mdb_cursor_del EACCES description
+		Fix mdb_env_sync(MDB_RDONLY env) doc (ITS#8021)
+		Clarify MDB_WRITEMAP doc (ITS#8021)
+		Clarify mdb_env_open doc
 		Clarify mdb_dbi_open doc
 
 LMDB 0.9.14 Release (2014/09/20)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CMakeLists.txt b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CMakeLists.txt
index 62b800135..bca7ff51e 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
 # STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
 # THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+if(FREEBSD)
+  set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -DMDB_DSYNC=O_SYNC")
+endif()
+
 set (lmdb_sources
 mdb.c
 midl.c)
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/lmdb.h b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/lmdb.h
index 117f16ea3..2f523579c 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/lmdb.h
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/lmdb.h
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ typedef int mdb_filehandle_t;
 /** Library minor version */
 #define MDB_VERSION_MINOR	9
 /** Library patch version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_PATCH	14
+#define MDB_VERSION_PATCH	15
 
 /** Combine args a,b,c into a single integer for easy version comparisons */
 #define MDB_VERINT(a,b,c)	(((a) << 24) | ((b) << 16) | (c))
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ typedef int mdb_filehandle_t;
 	MDB_VERINT(MDB_VERSION_MAJOR,MDB_VERSION_MINOR,MDB_VERSION_PATCH)
 
 /** The release date of this library version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_DATE	"September 20, 2014"
+#define MDB_VERSION_DATE	"June 19, 2015"
 
 /** A stringifier for the version info */
 #define MDB_VERSTR(a,b,c,d)	"LMDB " #a "." #b "." #c ": (" d ")"
@@ -296,12 +296,12 @@ typedef void (MDB_rel_func)(MDB_val *item, void *oldptr, void *newptr, void *rel
 #define MDB_REVERSEKEY	0x02
 	/** use sorted duplicates */
 #define MDB_DUPSORT		0x04
-	/** numeric keys in native byte order.
+	/** numeric keys in native byte order: either unsigned int or size_t.
 	 *  The keys must all be of the same size. */
 #define MDB_INTEGERKEY	0x08
 	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, sorted dup items have fixed size */
 #define MDB_DUPFIXED	0x10
-	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, dups are numeric in native byte order */
+	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, dups are #MDB_INTEGERKEY-style integers */
 #define MDB_INTEGERDUP	0x20
 	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, use reverse string dups */
 #define MDB_REVERSEDUP	0x40
@@ -588,8 +588,8 @@ int  mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env);
 	 *		reserved in that case.
 	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
 	 * </ul>
-	 * @param[in] mode The UNIX permissions to set on created files. This parameter
-	 * is ignored on Windows.
+	 * @param[in] mode The UNIX permissions to set on created files and semaphores.
+	 * This parameter is ignored on Windows.
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
 	 * errors are:
 	 * <ul>
@@ -1021,14 +1021,16 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 * The database handle may be discarded by calling #mdb_dbi_close().
 	 * The old database handle is returned if the database was already open.
 	 * The handle may only be closed once.
+	 *
 	 * The database handle will be private to the current transaction until
 	 * the transaction is successfully committed. If the transaction is
 	 * aborted the handle will be closed automatically.
-	 * After a successful commit the
-	 * handle will reside in the shared environment, and may be used
-	 * by other transactions. This function must not be called from
-	 * multiple concurrent transactions in the same process. A transaction
-	 * that uses this function must finish (either commit or abort) before
+	 * After a successful commit the handle will reside in the shared
+	 * environment, and may be used by other transactions.
+	 *
+	 * This function must not be called from multiple concurrent
+	 * transactions in the same process. A transaction that uses
+	 * this function must finish (either commit or abort) before
 	 * any other transaction in the process may use this function.
 	 *
 	 * To use named databases (with name != NULL), #mdb_env_set_maxdbs()
@@ -1050,9 +1052,9 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 *		keys may have multiple data items, stored in sorted order.) By default
 	 *		keys must be unique and may have only a single data item.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERKEY
-	 *		Keys are binary integers in native byte order. Setting this option
-	 *		requires all keys to be the same size, typically sizeof(int)
-	 *		or sizeof(size_t).
+	 *		Keys are binary integers in native byte order, either unsigned int
+	 *		or size_t, and will be sorted as such.
+	 *		The keys must all be of the same size.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_DUPFIXED
 	 *		This flag may only be used in combination with #MDB_DUPSORT. This option
 	 *		tells the library that the data items for this database are all the same
@@ -1060,8 +1062,8 @@ int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
 	 *		all data items are the same size, the #MDB_GET_MULTIPLE and #MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE
 	 *		cursor operations may be used to retrieve multiple items at once.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERDUP
-	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items are also integers, and
-	 *		should be sorted as such.
+	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items are binary integers,
+	 *		similar to #MDB_INTEGERKEY keys.
 	 *	<li>#MDB_REVERSEDUP
 	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items should be compared as
 	 *		strings in reverse order.
@@ -1450,7 +1452,7 @@ int  mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
 	 * <ul>
 	 *	<li>#MDB_MAP_FULL - the database is full, see #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
 	 *	<li>#MDB_TXN_FULL - the transaction has too many dirty pages.
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to modify a read-only database.
+	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
 	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
 	 * </ul>
 	 */
@@ -1470,7 +1472,7 @@ int  mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
 	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
 	 * errors are:
 	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to modify a read-only database.
+	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
 	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
 	 * </ul>
 	 */
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mdb.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mdb.c
index c788b8534..6bdf3151d 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mdb.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mdb.c
@@ -446,12 +446,17 @@ static txnid_t mdb_debug_start;
 	/**	The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
 #define MDB_LOCK_VERSION	 1
 
-	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for dynamic max.
+	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for computed max.
 	 *
-	 *	Define this as 0 to compute the max from the page size.  511
-	 *	is default for backwards compat: liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break
-	 *	when modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
-	 *	#MDB_DEVEL sets the default to 0.
+	 *	This macro should normally be left alone or set to 0.
+	 *	Note that a database with big keys or dupsort data cannot be
+	 *	reliably modified by a liblmdb which uses a smaller max.
+	 *	The default is 511 for backwards compat, or 0 when #MDB_DEVEL.
+	 *
+	 *	Other values are allowed, for backwards compat.  However:
+	 *	A value bigger than the computed max can break if you do not
+	 *	know what you are doing, and liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break when
+	 *	modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
 	 *
 	 *	Data items in an #MDB_DUPSORT database are also limited to
 	 *	this size, since they're actually keys of a sub-DB.  Keys and
@@ -1245,6 +1250,13 @@ static void mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi);
 static MDB_cmp_func	mdb_cmp_memn, mdb_cmp_memnr, mdb_cmp_int, mdb_cmp_cint, mdb_cmp_long;
 /** @endcond */
 
+/** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
+#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
+# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
+#else
+# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
+#endif
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 static SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR mdb_null_sd;
 static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES mdb_all_sa;
@@ -1558,7 +1570,12 @@ mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 int
 mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 {
-	return txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp(a, b);
+	MDB_cmp_func *dcmp = txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp;
+#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
+	if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && a->mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+		dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+#endif
+	return dcmp(a, b);
 }
 
 /** Allocate memory for a page.
@@ -2486,14 +2503,11 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
 	MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
 	MDB_meta *meta;
-	unsigned int i, nr;
+	unsigned int i, nr, flags = txn->mt_flags;
 	uint16_t x;
 	int rc, new_notls = 0;
 
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) {
-		/* Setup db info */
-		txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
-		txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* mostly static anyway */
+	if ((flags &= MDB_TXN_RDONLY) != 0) {
 		if (!ti) {
 			meta = env->me_metas[ mdb_env_pick_meta(env) ];
 			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
@@ -2546,6 +2560,7 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 			txn->mt_u.reader = r;
 			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
 		}
+		txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* mostly static anyway */
 	} else {
 		if (ti) {
 			LOCK_MUTEX_W(env);
@@ -2556,14 +2571,11 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 			meta = env->me_metas[ mdb_env_pick_meta(env) ];
 			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
 		}
-		/* Setup db info */
-		txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
 		txn->mt_txnid++;
 #if MDB_DEBUG
 		if (txn->mt_txnid == mdb_debug_start)
 			mdb_debug = 1;
 #endif
-		txn->mt_flags = 0;
 		txn->mt_child = NULL;
 		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
 		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
@@ -2583,6 +2595,10 @@ mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
 	/* Moved to here to avoid a data race in read TXNs */
 	txn->mt_next_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg+1;
 
+	txn->mt_flags = flags;
+
+	/* Setup db info */
+	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
 	for (i=2; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
 		x = env->me_dbflags[i];
 		txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags = x & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
@@ -3132,6 +3148,7 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 		/* Write up to MDB_COMMIT_PAGES dirty pages at a time. */
 		if (pos!=next_pos || n==MDB_COMMIT_PAGES || wsize+size>MAX_WRITE) {
 			if (n) {
+retry_write:
 				/* Write previous page(s) */
 #ifdef MDB_USE_PWRITEV
 				wres = pwritev(env->me_fd, iov, n, wpos);
@@ -3139,8 +3156,11 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 				if (n == 1) {
 					wres = pwrite(env->me_fd, iov[0].iov_base, wsize, wpos);
 				} else {
+retry_seek:
 					if (lseek(env->me_fd, wpos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
 						rc = ErrCode();
+						if (rc == EINTR)
+							goto retry_seek;
 						DPRINTF(("lseek: %s", strerror(rc)));
 						return rc;
 					}
@@ -3150,6 +3170,8 @@ mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
 				if (wres != wsize) {
 					if (wres < 0) {
 						rc = ErrCode();
+						if (rc == EINTR)
+							goto retry_write;
 						DPRINTF(("Write error: %s", strerror(rc)));
 					} else {
 						rc = EIO; /* TODO: Use which error code? */
@@ -3519,7 +3541,8 @@ mdb_env_init_meta(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
 	int len;
 #define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
 	len = pwrite(fd, ptr, size, pos);	\
-	rc = (len >= 0); } while(0)
+	if (len == -1 && ErrCode() == EINTR) continue; \
+	rc = (len >= 0); break; } while(1)
 #endif
 
 	DPUTS("writing new meta page");
@@ -3624,6 +3647,7 @@ mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
 	/* Write to the SYNC fd */
 	mfd = env->me_flags & (MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC) ?
 		env->me_fd : env->me_mfd;
+retry_write:
 #ifdef _WIN32
 	{
 		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
@@ -3636,6 +3660,8 @@ mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
 #endif
 	if (rc != len) {
 		rc = rc < 0 ? ErrCode() : EIO;
+		if (rc == EINTR)
+			goto retry_write;
 		DPUTS("write failed, disk error?");
 		/* On a failure, the pagecache still contains the new data.
 		 * Write some old data back, to prevent it from being used.
@@ -4761,7 +4787,11 @@ mdb_cmp_long(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 		*(size_t *)a->mv_data > *(size_t *)b->mv_data;
 }
 
-/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's */
+/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's.
+ *
+ *	This is also set as #MDB_INTEGERDUP|#MDB_DUPFIXED's #MDB_dbx.%md_dcmp,
+ *	but #mdb_cmp_clong() is called instead if the data type is size_t.
+ */
 static int
 mdb_cmp_int(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 {
@@ -4799,13 +4829,6 @@ mdb_cmp_cint(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
 #endif
 }
 
-/** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
-#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
-#else
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
-#endif
-
 /** Compare two items lexically */
 static int
 mdb_cmp_memn(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
@@ -5741,15 +5764,21 @@ set1:
 					return rc;
 			}
 		} else if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || op == MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE) {
-			MDB_val d2;
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc->mc_txn, leaf, &d2)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
+			MDB_val olddata;
+			MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
+			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc->mc_txn, leaf, &olddata)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
 				return rc;
-			rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp(data, &d2);
+			dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
+#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
+			if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+				dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+#endif
+			rc = dcmp(data, &olddata);
 			if (rc) {
 				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || rc > 0)
 					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
 				rc = 0;
-				*data = d2;
+				*data = olddata;
 			}
 
 		} else {
@@ -6259,16 +6288,17 @@ more:
 
 			/* Was a single item before, must convert now */
 			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
+				MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
 				/* Just overwrite the current item */
 				if (flags == MDB_CURRENT)
 					goto current;
-
+				dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
 #if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-				if (mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
-					mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
+				if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
+					dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
 #endif
 				/* does data match? */
-				if (!mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
+				if (!dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
 					if (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA)
 						return MDB_KEYEXIST;
 					/* overwrite it */
@@ -7088,6 +7118,7 @@ mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx)
 	mc->mc_snum = 0;
 	mc->mc_top = 0;
 	mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
+	mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
 	mc->mc_flags = 0;
 	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
 		mdb_tassert(txn, mx != NULL);
@@ -7717,12 +7748,12 @@ mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
 						m3 = m2;
 					if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
 					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
-						m3->mc_snum--;
-						m3->mc_top--;
 						for (i=0; i<m3->mc_snum; i++) {
 							m3->mc_pg[i] = m3->mc_pg[i+1];
 							m3->mc_ki[i] = m3->mc_ki[i+1];
 						}
+						m3->mc_snum--;
+						m3->mc_top--;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -7790,9 +7821,23 @@ mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
 		if (mc->mc_ki[ptop] == 0) {
 			rc = mdb_page_merge(&mn, mc);
 		} else {
+			MDB_cursor dummy;
 			oldki += NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
 			mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] += mc->mc_ki[mn.mc_top] + 1;
+			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
+			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) {
+				dummy.mc_next = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = &dummy;
+				dummy.mc_xcursor = (MDB_xcursor *)&mn;
+			} else {
+				mn.mc_next = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = &mn;
+			}
 			rc = mdb_page_merge(mc, &mn);
+			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = dummy.mc_next;
+			else
+				mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi] = mn.mc_next;
 			mdb_cursor_copy(&mn, mc);
 		}
 		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
@@ -7819,6 +7864,13 @@ mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc)
 		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
 		MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
 
+		/* DB is totally empty now, just bail out.
+		 * Other cursors adjustments were already done
+		 * by mdb_rebalance and aren't needed here.
+		 */
+		if (!mc->mc_snum)
+			return rc;
+
 		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
 		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
 
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest.c
index 66dabc752..9d15088b0 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest.c
@@ -45,19 +45,22 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	    }
     
 		E(mdb_env_create(&env));
+		E(mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, 1));
 		E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 		E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP /*|MDB_NOSYNC*/, 0664));
+
 		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-		E(mdb_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi));
+		E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi));
    
 		key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 		key.mv_data = sval;
-		data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
-		data.mv_data = sval;
 
 		printf("Adding %d values\n", count);
 	    for (i=0;i<count;i++) {	
 			sprintf(sval, "%03x %d foo bar", values[i], values[i]);
+			/* Set <data> in each iteration, since MDB_NOOVERWRITE may modify it */
+			data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
+			data.mv_data = sval;
 			if (RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_put(txn, dbi, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE))) {
 				j++;
 				data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 		E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 		E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 		E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 			printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 		printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 		E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+		E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 		E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 		printf("Cursor next\n");
 		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 				(int) key.mv_size,  (char *) key.mv_data,
 				(int) data.mv_size, (char *) data.mv_data);
 
+		mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
 		mdb_txn_abort(txn);
 
 		printf("Deleting with cursor\n");
@@ -164,9 +168,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 				data.mv_data, (int) data.mv_size, (char *) data.mv_data);
 		}
 		mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-		mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 		mdb_txn_abort(txn);
+
+		mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 		mdb_env_close(env);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest2.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest2.c
index 33e0e741c..eacbe59d5 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest2.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest2.c
@@ -47,20 +47,22 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 
 	E(mdb_env_create(&env));
+	E(mdb_env_set_maxreaders(env, 1));
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id1", MDB_CREATE, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id1", MDB_CREATE, &dbi));
    
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = sval;
-	data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
-	data.mv_data = sval;
 
 	printf("Adding %d values\n", count);
 	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {	
 		sprintf(sval, "%03x %d foo bar", values[i], values[i]);
+		data.mv_size = sizeof(sval);
+		data.mv_data = sval;
 		if (RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_put(txn, dbi, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE)))
 			j++;
 	}
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -114,10 +116,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest3.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest3.c
index 85872c67e..9db79e625 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest3.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest3.c
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = kval;
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -124,10 +125,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest4.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest4.c
index fdcd46a37..6df890e2d 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest4.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest4.c
@@ -51,8 +51,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id4", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id4", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED, &dbi));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = kval;
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 
 	/* there should be one full page of dups now.
 	 */
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -159,10 +160,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest5.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest5.c
index 5295bce41..14e3c0da4 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest5.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest5.c
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id2", MDB_CREATE|MDB_DUPSORT, &dbi));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_txn_commit(txn));
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
 
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
 		printf("key: %p %.*s, data: %p %.*s\n",
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -126,10 +127,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	mdb_env_close(env);
 
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest6.c b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest6.c
index b351c1a06..ae3c7f264 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest6.c
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/mtest6.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	int i = 0, j = 0, rc;
 	MDB_env *env;
 	MDB_dbi dbi;
-	MDB_val key, data;
+	MDB_val key, data, sdata;
 	MDB_txn *txn;
 	MDB_stat mst;
 	MDB_cursor *cursor;
@@ -46,33 +46,37 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	E(mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, 10485760));
 	E(mdb_env_set_maxdbs(env, 4));
 	E(mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSYNC, 0664));
+
 	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn));
-	E(mdb_open(txn, "id6", MDB_CREATE|MDB_INTEGERKEY, &dbi));
+	E(mdb_dbi_open(txn, "id6", MDB_CREATE|MDB_INTEGERKEY, &dbi));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	E(mdb_stat(txn, dbi, &mst));
 
 	sval = calloc(1, mst.ms_psize / 4);
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(long);
 	key.mv_data = &kval;
-	data.mv_size = mst.ms_psize / 4 - 30;
-	data.mv_data = sval;
+	sdata.mv_size = mst.ms_psize / 4 - 30;
+	sdata.mv_data = sval;
 
 	printf("Adding 12 values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	printf("Adding 12 more values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5+4;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	printf("Adding 12 more values, should yield 3 splits\n");
 	for (i=0;i<12;i++) {
 		kval = i*5+1;
 		sprintf(sval, "%08x", kval);
+		data = sdata;
 		(void)RES(MDB_KEYEXIST, mdb_cursor_put(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NOOVERWRITE));
 	}
 	E(mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_FIRST));
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	printf("Deleted %d values\n", j);
 
 	E(mdb_env_stat(env, &mst));
-	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 1, &txn));
+	E(mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn));
 	E(mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &cursor));
 	printf("Cursor next\n");
 	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(cursor, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
@@ -127,9 +131,9 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	}
 	CHECK(rc == MDB_NOTFOUND, "mdb_cursor_get");
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
-
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
+
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 #endif
 	mdb_env_close(env);
 
diff --git a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/sample-mdb.txt b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/sample-mdb.txt
index d311f8e95..10a256870 100644
--- a/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/sample-mdb.txt
+++ b/external/db_drivers/liblmdb64/sample-mdb.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	rc = mdb_env_create(&env);
 	rc = mdb_env_open(env, "./testdb", 0, 0664);
 	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &txn);
-	rc = mdb_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi);
+	rc = mdb_dbi_open(txn, NULL, 0, &dbi);
 
 	key.mv_size = sizeof(int);
 	key.mv_data = sval;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main(int argc,char * argv[])
 	mdb_cursor_close(cursor);
 	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
 leave:
-	mdb_close(env, dbi);
+	mdb_dbi_close(env, dbi);
 	mdb_env_close(env);
 	return 0;
 }